Classifications

• • G—PHYSICS
  • G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
  • G03C—PHOTOSENSITIVE MATERIALS FOR PHOTOGRAPHIC PURPOSES; PHOTOGRAPHIC PROCESSES, e.g. CINE, X-RAY, COLOUR, STEREO-PHOTOGRAPHIC PROCESSES; AUXILIARY PROCESSES IN PHOTOGRAPHY
  • G03C1/00—Photosensitive materials
  • G03C1/005—Silver halide emulsions; Preparation thereof; Physical treatment thereof; Incorporation of additives therein
  • G03C1/015—Apparatus or processes for the preparation of emulsions
• • G—PHYSICS
  • G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
  • G03C—PHOTOSENSITIVE MATERIALS FOR PHOTOGRAPHIC PURPOSES; PHOTOGRAPHIC PROCESSES, e.g. CINE, X-RAY, COLOUR, STEREO-PHOTOGRAPHIC PROCESSES; AUXILIARY PROCESSES IN PHOTOGRAPHY
  • G03C1/00—Photosensitive materials
  • G03C1/005—Silver halide emulsions; Preparation thereof; Physical treatment thereof; Incorporation of additives therein
  • G03C1/0051—Tabular grain emulsions
• • G—PHYSICS
  • G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
  • G03C—PHOTOSENSITIVE MATERIALS FOR PHOTOGRAPHIC PURPOSES; PHOTOGRAPHIC PROCESSES, e.g. CINE, X-RAY, COLOUR, STEREO-PHOTOGRAPHIC PROCESSES; AUXILIARY PROCESSES IN PHOTOGRAPHY
  • G03C1/00—Photosensitive materials
  • G03C1/005—Silver halide emulsions; Preparation thereof; Physical treatment thereof; Incorporation of additives therein
  • G03C1/06—Silver halide emulsions; Preparation thereof; Physical treatment thereof; Incorporation of additives therein with non-macromolecular additives
  • G03C1/07—Substances influencing grain growth during silver salt formation
• • G—PHYSICS
  • G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
  • G03C—PHOTOSENSITIVE MATERIALS FOR PHOTOGRAPHIC PURPOSES; PHOTOGRAPHIC PROCESSES, e.g. CINE, X-RAY, COLOUR, STEREO-PHOTOGRAPHIC PROCESSES; AUXILIARY PROCESSES IN PHOTOGRAPHY
  • G03C5/00—Photographic processes or agents therefor; Regeneration of such processing agents
  • G03C5/26—Processes using silver-salt-containing photosensitive materials or agents therefor
  • G03C5/29—Development processes or agents therefor
  • G03C5/30—Developers
  • G03C2005/3007—Ascorbic acid
• • G—PHYSICS
  • G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
  • G03C—PHOTOSENSITIVE MATERIALS FOR PHOTOGRAPHIC PURPOSES; PHOTOGRAPHIC PROCESSES, e.g. CINE, X-RAY, COLOUR, STEREO-PHOTOGRAPHIC PROCESSES; AUXILIARY PROCESSES IN PHOTOGRAPHY
  • G03C2200/00—Details
  • G03C2200/59—R-SO2SM compound
• • G—PHYSICS
  • G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
  • G03C—PHOTOSENSITIVE MATERIALS FOR PHOTOGRAPHIC PURPOSES; PHOTOGRAPHIC PROCESSES, e.g. CINE, X-RAY, COLOUR, STEREO-PHOTOGRAPHIC PROCESSES; AUXILIARY PROCESSES IN PHOTOGRAPHY
  • G03C7/00—Multicolour photographic processes or agents therefor; Regeneration of such processing agents; Photosensitive materials for multicolour processes
  • G03C7/30—Colour processes using colour-coupling substances; Materials therefor; Preparing or processing such materials
  • G03C7/3022—Materials with specific emulsion characteristics, e.g. thickness of the layers, silver content, shape of AgX grains

Definitions

• the present invention relates to a method of manufacturing a silver halide photographic emulsion for providing a light-sensitive material with high sensitiv­ity and low fogging density.
• the present invention also relates to a method of manufacturing a silver halide photographic emulsion for providing a light-sensitive material whose sensitivity and fogging density do not vary much upon storage.
• Basic properties required for a photographic silver halide emulsion are high sensitivity, low fogging density, and fine graininess.
• Patents 2,518,698, 3,201,254, 3,411,917, 3,779,777, and 3,930,867 are described in JP-B-57-33572 and JP-B-58-1410 ("JP-B-" means examined Japanese patent application).
• JP-B- means examined Japanese patent application.
• conventional reduction sensitizers are enumerated, and ascorbic acid is included therein.
• a compound such as thiourea dioxide is considered to be preferable, and thiourea dioxide, sil­ver ripening, and hydrazine are exemplified. Therefore, preferable properties of an ascorbic acid compound as a reduction sensitizer have not been yet found.
• Improve­ments are also disclosed in JP-A-57-179835 (“JP-A-" means unexamined published Japanese patent application).
• the conventional techniques of reduction sensitiza­tion do not satisfy a recent demand for high sensitivity and high image quality of a photographic light-sensitive material. This is because, firstly, variations in sen­sitivity and fogging density are large when a light-­sensitive material containing an emulsion subjected to reduction sensitization is stored. Secondly, an increase in sensitivity obtained by reduction sensitiza­tion is insufficient.
• the above objects of the present invention are achieved by performing reduction sensitization by using at least one of ascorbic acid and its derivatives in a process of manufacturing a silver halide emulsion, and by a color light-sensitive material comprising a trans­parent support having thereon at least one light-­sensitive silver halide emulsion layer, wherein 50 weight percent or more of silver halide grains contained in the emulsion layer are the silver halide grains con­stituting the silver halide emulsion manufactured by the above method.
• the above objects of the present invention are achieved by a method of manufacturing a silver halide emulsion in which reduction sensitization is performed by using at least one of ascorbic acid and its derivatives during precipitation of silver halide grains, a method of manufacturing a silver halide emul­sion as in any one of the above methods, in which reduction sensitization is performed by using ascorbic acid or its derivative in an amount of 5 ⁇ 10 ⁇ 5 to 1 ⁇ 10 ⁇ 1 mol per mol of a silver halide, or a method of manufacturing a silver halide emulsion as in any one of the above methods, in which reduction sensitization is performed in the presence of at least one of compounds represented by formulas (I), (II), and (III).
• R-SO2S-M (II) R-SO2S-R1 (III) R-SO2S-L m -SSO2-R2 wherein R, R1, and R2 can be the same or different and represent an aliphatic group, an aromatic group, or a heterocyclic group, M represents a cation, L represents a divalent bonding group, and m represents 0 or 1.
• Compounds represented by formulas (I) to (III) can be polymers containing divalent groups derived from structures represented by formulas (I) to (III) as repeating units.
• Process of manufacturing silver halide emulsions are roughly classified into, e.g., grain formation, desalting, chemical sensitization, and coating steps. Grain formation is further classified into e.g. nuclea­tion, ripening, and precipitation substeps. These steps are performed not in the above-mentioned order but in a reverse order or repeatedly.
• “To perform reduction sensitization in a process of manufacturing silver hal­ide emulsions” means that reduction sensitization can be basically performed in any step. The reduction sensitization can be performed during nucleation or physical ripening in the initial stage of grain forma­tion, during precipitation, or before or after chemical sensitization.
• the reduction sensitization is perferably performed before the chemical sensitization so as not to produce an undesired fog.
• the reduction sensitization is most perferably performed during precipitation of silver hal­ide grains.
• the method of performing the reduction sen­sitization during precipitation includes a method of performing the reduction sensitization while silver hal­ide grains are grown by physical ripening or addition of a water-soluble silver salt and a water-soluble alkali halide and a method of performing the reduction sensiti­zation while grain precipitation is temporarily stopped and then precipitating grains.
• ascorbic acid and its derivative are as follows.
• A-1 L-ascorbic Acid A-2) Sodium L-ascorbate (A-3) Potassium L-ascorbate (A-4) DL-ascorbic Acid (A-5) Sodium D-ascorbate (A-6) L-ascorbic acid 6-acetate (A-7) L-ascorbic acid 6-palmitate (A-8) L-ascorbic acid 6-benzoate (A-9) L-ascorbic acid 5,6-diacetate (A-10) L-ascorbic acid 5,6-O-isopropylidene
• the ascorbic acid compound of the present invention is used in an amount much larger than a preferable addition amount of a conventional reduction sensitizer.
• JP-B-57-33572 describes "an amount of a reducing agent normally does not exceed 0.75 ⁇ 10 ⁇ 2 milli equivalent amount (8 ⁇ 10 ⁇ 4 mol/AgX mol) per gram of silver ions.
• An amount of 0.1 to 10 mg (10 ⁇ 7 to 10 ⁇ 5 mol/AgX mol for ascorbic acid) per kg of silver nitrate is effective in many cases" (reduced values are calculated by the present inventors).
• Patent 2,487,850 describes that "a tin compound can be used as a reduction sensitizer in an addition amount of 1 ⁇ 10 ⁇ 7 to 44 ⁇ 10 ⁇ 6 mol".
• JP-A-57-179835 describes that it is suitable to add about 0.01 mg to about 2 mg of thiourea dioxide or about 0.01 mg to about 3 mg of stannous chloride per mol of a silver halide.
• a preferable addition amount of the ascorbic acid compound used in the present invention depends on factors such as a grain size and a halogen composition of an emulsion, a temperature, a pH, and a pAg in emulsion preparation.
• the addition amount is selected from a range of, preferably, 5 ⁇ 10 ⁇ 5 mol to 1 ⁇ 10 ⁇ 1 mol, more preferably, 5 ⁇ 10 ⁇ 4 mol to 1 ⁇ 10 ⁇ 2 mol, and most preferably, 1 ⁇ 10 ⁇ 3 mol to 1 ⁇ 10 ⁇ 2 mol per mol of a silver halide.
• the ascorbic acid compound of the present invention can be added at any timing in an emulsion manufacturing process, it is most preferably added dur­ing grain precipitation.
• the ascorbic acid compound is preferably added at an arbitrary timing in grain forma­tion though it can be added in a reaction vessel beforehand.
• a reduction sensitizer can be added in an aqueous solution of a water-soluble silver salt or water-soluble alkali halide to perform grain formation by using this aqueous solution.
• a method of adding a solution of the reduction sensitizer several times or continuously adding it over a long time period during grain growth is also preferable.
• a method of performing reduction sensiti­zation by using the ascorbic acid compound of the pre­sent invention is superior to a conventional reduction sensitization method in sensitivity, fogging density, and age stability, it is sometimes more preferable to use the method of the present invention in combination with another reduction sensitization method. In this case, however, it is preferred that the other method is used as merely an auxiliary means of reduction sensiti­zation and a main means of reduction sensitization is performed by the ascorbic acid compound.
• a method to be used in combination with the method of the present invention can be selected from a method of adding a known reducing agent to a silver halide emulsion, a method called silver ripening in which precipitating or ripening is performed in a low-pAg atmosphere of a pAg of 1 to 7, and a method called high-pH ripening in which precipitating or ripening is performed in a high-pH atmosphere of a pH of 8 to 11.
• a method of adding a reduction sensitizer is pref­erable because the level of reduction sensitization can be precisely adjusted.
• reduction sensitizer for example, stannous salt, amines and polyamines, a hydrazine derivative, formamidinesulfinic acid, a silane compound, and a borane compound are known.
• the ascorbic acid compound can provide superior results to those obtained by the above known reduction sensitizers.
• R, R1 and R2 each represent an aliphatic group, it is a saturated or unsaturated, straight-chain, branched or cyclic aliphatic hydrocarbon group and is preferably alkyl having 1 to 22 carbon atoms or alkenyl or alkinyl having 2 to 22 carbon atoms. These groups can have a substituent group.
• alkyl examples include methyl, ethyl, propyl, butyl, pentyl, hexyl, octyl, 2-ethylhexyl, decyl, dodecyl, hexadecyl, octadecyl, cyclohexyl, isopropyl, and t-butyl.
• alkenyl examples are allyl and butenyl.
• alkinyl examples are propargyl and butynyl.
• An aromatic group of R, R1, and R2 includes aromatic group of single-ring or condensed-ring and preferably has 6 to 20 carbon atoms. Examples of such an aromatic group are phenyl and naphthyl. These groups can have substituent group.
• a heterocyclic group of R, R1, and R2 includes a 3- to 15-membered ring having at least one element of nitrogen, oxygen, sulfur, selenium, and tellurium and at least one carbon atom, preferably, a 3- to 6-membered ring.
• heterocyclic group examples include pyrro­lidine, piperidine, pyridine, tetrahydrofurane, thiophene, oxazole, thiazole,, imidazole, benzothiazole, benzoxazole, benzimidazole, selenazole, benzoselenazole, tellurazole, triazole, benzotriazole, tetrazole, oxadiazole, and thiadiazole.
• R, R1, and R2 examples of the substituent group on R, R1, and R2 are an alkyl group (e.g., methyl, ethyl, and hexyl), an alkoxy group (e.g., methoxy, ethoxy, and octyloxy), an aryl group (e.g., phenyl, naphthyl, and tolyl), a hydroxyl group, a halogen atom (e.g., fluorine, chlorine, bromine, and iodine), an aryloxy group (e.g. phenoxy), an alkylthio group (e.g., methylthio and butylthio), an arylthio group (e.g.
• an alkyl group e.g., methyl, ethyl, and hexyl
• an alkoxy group e.g., methoxy, ethoxy, and octyloxy
• phenylthio an acyl group (e.g. acetyl, propionyl, butyryl, and valeryl), a sulfonyl group (e.g. methyl sulfonyl and phenylsulfonyl), an acylamino group (e.g., acetylamino and benzaoylamino), a sulfonylamino group (e.g., methanesulfonylamino and benzenesulfonylamino), an acyloxy group (e.g., acetoxy and benzoxy), carboxyl, cyano, sulfo, amino, -SO2SM (M represent a monovalent cation), and -SO2R1.
• acyl group e.g. acetyl, propionyl, butyryl, and valeryl
• a sulfonyl group e.g. methyl
• a divalent bonding group represented by L includes an atom or an atom group containing at least one of C, N, S, and O.
• L are alkylene, alkenylene, alkynylene, arylene, -O-, -S-, -NH-, -CO-, and -SO2-. These divalent group can be used singly or in a combina­tion of two or more thereof.
• L represent divalent aliphatic group or a divalent aromatic group.
• divalent aromatic group of L are phenylene and naphthylene.
• M is preferably a metal ion or an organic cation.
• the metal ion are a lithium ion, a sodium ion, and a potassium ion.
• the organic cation are an ammonium ion (e.g., ammonium, tetra­methylammonium, and tetrabutylammonium), a phosphonium ion (e.g. tetraphenylphosphonium), and a guanidil group.
• Each of the above polymers can be a homopolymer or a copolymer with another copolymerizable monomer.
• a compound represented by formula (I), (II), or (III) is preferably added in an amount of 10 ⁇ 7 to 10 ⁇ 1 mol per mol of a silver halide.
• the addition amount is more preferably 10 ⁇ 6 to 10 ⁇ 2 mol/molAg and most preferably 10 ⁇ 5 to 10 ⁇ 3 mol/molAg.
• a conventional method of adding an additive in a photographic emulsion can be adopted to add compounds represented by formulas (I) to (III) in a manufacturing process.
• a water-soluble compound can be added in the form of an aqueous solution having an arbi­trary concentration, and a water-insoluble or water-­retardant compound is dissolved in an arbitrary organic solvent such as alcohols, glycols, ketones, esters, and amides, which is miscible with water and does not adversely affect photographic properties, and then added as a solution.
• a compound represented by formula (I), (II), or (III) can be added at any timing in a manufacturing process, e.g., during grain formation of a silver halide emulsion or before or after chemical sensitization.
• the compound is preferably added before or during reduction sensitization.
• the compound is most preferably added during grain precipitation.
• the compound can be added in a reaction vessel beforehand, it is preferably added at an arbi­trary timing during grain formation.
• a compound represented by formula (I), (II), or (III) can be added in an aqueous solution of a water-soluble sil­ver salt or water-soluble alkali halide to perform grain formation by using the aqueous solution.
• a method of adding a solution of a compound represented by formula (I), (II), or (III) several times or continuously adding it over a long time period during grain formation is also preferable.
• a compound most preferable in the present invention is represented by formula (I).
• a silver halide of any of silver bromide, silver iodobromide, silver iodochlorobromide, silver chloro­bromide, and silver chloride can be used in a photo­graphic emulsion layer of a photographic light-sensitive material used in the present invention.
• a preferable silver halide is silver iodobromide, silver bromide, or silver chlorobromide containing 30 mol% or less of sil­ver iodide.
• a silver halide grain to be used in the present invention can be selected from a regular crystal not including a twined crystal face and those described in Japan Photographic Society ed., "Silver Salt Photographs, Basis of Photographic Industries", (Corona Co., P. 163) such as a single twined crystal including one twined crystal face, a parallel multiple twined crystal including two or more parallel twined crystal faces, and a non-parallel multiple twined crystal including two or more non-parallel twined crystal faces, in accordance with its application.
• a cubic grain consisting of (100) faces, an octahedral grain consisting of (111) faces, and a dodecahedral grain consisting of (110) faces dis­closed in JP-B-55-42737 and JP-A-60-222842 can be used.
• a grain including two or more types of faces e.g., a tetradecahedral grain having both (100) and (111) faces, a grain having both (100) and (110) faces, and a grain having both (111) and (110) faces can be selectively used in accor­dance with an application.
• the grain of a silver halide can be a fine grain having a grain size of 0.1 microns or less or a large grain having a projected surface area diameter of 10 microns.
• An emulsion can be a monodisperse emulsion having a narrow distribution or a polydisperse emulsion having a wide distribution.
• a so-called monodisperse silver halide emulsion having a narrow size distribution i.e., in which 80% or more (the number or weight of grains) of all grains fall within the range of ⁇ 30% of an average grain size.
• two or more types of monodisperse silver halide emulsions having different grain sizes can be coated in a single layer or overlapped in different layers in emulsion layers having substantially the same color sensitivity.
• two or more types of polydisperse silver halide emulsions or a combination of monodisperse and polydisperse emulsions can be mixed or overlapped.
• the photographic emulsions for use in the present invention can be prepared by using methods described in, for example, P. Glafkides, "Chimie et Physique Photo­graphique”, Paul Montel, 1967; Duffin, “Photographic Emulsion Chemistry", Focal Press, 1966; and V.L. Zelikman et al., “Making and Coating Photographic Emulsion", Focal Press, 1964. That is, the photographic emulsion can be prepared by, e.g., an acid method, a neutralization method, and an ammonia method. Also, as a system for reacting a soluble silver salt and a solu­ble halide, a single mixing method, a double mixing method, or a combination thereof can be used.
• a so-called back mixing method for forming silver halide grains in the presence of excessive silver ions can be used.
• a so-called controlled double jet method wherein the pAg in the liquid phase, where the silver halide is generated, kept at a constant value can be used. According to this method, a silver halide emulsion having a regular crys­tal form and almost uniform grain sizes is obtained.
• the silver halide emulsion containing the above-­described regular silver halide grains can be obtained by controlling the pAg and pH during grain formation. More specifically, such a method is described in "Photographic Science and Engineering", Vol. 6, 159-165 (1962); “Journal of Photographic Science”, Vol. 12, 242-251 (1964); U.S. Patent 3,655,394, and British Patent 1,413,748.
• a tabular grain having an aspect ratio of 3 or more can also be used in the present invention.
• the tabular grain can be easily prepared by methods described in, for example, Cleve, "Photography Theory and Practice", (1930), P. 131; Gutoff, "Photographic Science and Engineering", Vol. 14, PP. 248 to 257, (1970); and U.S. Patents 4,434,226, 4,414,310, 4,433,048 and 4,439,520 and British Patent 2,112,157.
• covering power and a color sensitizing efficiency of a sensitizing dye can be advantageously improved as described in detail in U.S. Patent 4,434,226.
• the tabular grains are preferably used in the emul­sion of the present invention.
• tabular grains in which grains having aspect ratios of 3 to 8 occupy 50% or more of a total projected surface area are preferable.
• a crystal structure can be uniform, can have different halogen compositions inside and outside a crystal, or can be layered structure.
• These emulsion grains are disclosed in, e.g., British Patent 1,027,146, U.S. Patents 3,505,068 and 4,444,877, and Japanese Patent Application No. 58-248469.
• a silver halide having different compositions can be bonded by an epitaxial junction, or a compound other than a silver halide such as silver rhodanate or zinc oxide can be bonded.
• the silver halide emulsion of the present invention preferably has a distribution or structure of a halogen composition in its grain.
• a typical example is a core-­shell type or double structured grain having different halogen compositions in the interior and surface layer of the grain as disclosed in, e.g., JP-B-43-13162, JP-A-61-215540, JP-A-60-222845, and JP-A-61-75337.
• the shape of a core portion is sometimes identical to or sometimes different from that of the entire grain with a shell. More specifically, while the core portion is cubic, the grain with a shell is sometimes cubic or sometimes octahedral.
• the grain with a shell is sometimes cubic or sometimes octahedral.
• the core portion is a clear regular grain, the grain with a shell is sometimes slightly deformed or sometimes does not have any defi­nite shape.
• a simple double structure but a triple structure as disclosed in JP-A-60-222844 or a multilayered structure of more layers can be formed, or a thin layer of a silver halide having a different composition can be formed on the surface of a core-shell double structure grain.
• a grain having not only the above surrounding structure but a so-called junction structure can be made.
• Examples of such a grain are disclosed in, e.g., JP-A-59-133540, JP-A-58-108526, EP 199290A2, JP-B-58-24772, and JP-A-59-16254.
• a crystal bonded having a composition different from that of a host cry­stal can be produced and bonded to an edge, corner, or face portion of the host crystal.
• Such a junction crystal can be formed regardless of whether the host crystal has a homogeneous halogen composition or a core-shell structure.
• the junction structure can be naturally made by a combination of silver halides.
• the junc­tion structure can be made by combining a silver salt compound not having a rock salt structure, e.g., silver rhodanate or silver carbonate, with a silver halide.
• a non-silver salt compound such as PbO can also be used as long as the junction structure can be made.
• the silver iodide content can be high at a core portion and low at a shell portion or vice versa.
• the silver iodide content can be high in a host crystal and relatively low in a junction crystal or vice versa.
• a boundary portion between different halogen compositions can be clear or unclear due to a crystal mixture formed by a composition difference.
• a continuous structure change can be positively made.
• the silver halide emulsion for use in the present invention can be subjected to a treatment for rounding a grain as disclosed in, e.g., EP-0096727Bl and EP-0064412Bl or a treatment of modifying the surface of a grain as disclosed in DE-2306447C2 and JP-A-60-221320.
• the silver halide emulsion for use in the present invention is preferably of a surface latent image type.
• An internal latent image type emulsion can be used by selecting a developing solution or development conditions as disclosed in JP-A-59-133542.
• a shallow internal latent image type emulsion covered with a thin shell can be used in accordance with an application.
• a solvent for silver halide can be effectively used to promote ripening.
• an excessive amount of halogen ions are supplied in a reaction vessel in order to promote ripening. Therefore, it is apparent that ripening can be promoted by only supplying a silver halide solution into a reaction vessel.
• another ripening agent can be used.
• a total amount of these ripening agents can be mixed in a dispersion medium in the reac­tion vessel before a silver salt and a halide are added therein, or they can be added in the reaction vessel together with one or more halides, a silver salt or a deflocculant.
• the ripening agents can be added singly in step of adding a halide and a silver salt.
• ripening agent other than the halogen ion examples include ammonia, an amine compound and a thiocyanate such as an alkali metal thiocyanate, espe­cially sodium or potassium thiocyanate and ammonium thiocyanate.
• a portion to be subjected to the chemical sensitization differs in accordance with the composition, structure, or shape of an emulsion grain or an application of the emulsion. That is, a chemical sensitization nucleus is embedded either inside a grain or in a shallow portion from the grain surface or formed on the surface of a grain. Although the present invention is effective in any case, the chemical sensitization nucleus is most preferably formed in a portion near the surface. That is, the present invention is more effective in the sur­face latent image type emulsion than in the internal latent image type emulsion.
• Chemical sensitization can be performed by using active gelatin as described in T.H. James, "The Theory of the Photographic Process", 4th ed., Macmillan, 1977, PP. 67 to 76.
• chemical sensitization can be performed at a pAg of 5 to 10, a pH of 5 to 8 and a temperature of 30 to 80°C by using sulfur, selenium, tellurium, gold, platinum, palladium or irridium, or a combination of a plurality of these sensitizers as described in Research Disclosure Vol. 120, No. 12,008 (April, 1974), Research Disclosure Vol. 34, No. 13,452 (June, 1975), U.S.
• Chemical sen­sitization is optimally performed in the presence of a gold compound and a thiocyanate compound, a sulfur-­containing compound described in U.S. Patents 3,857,711, 4,266,018 and 4,054,457 or a sulfur-containing compound such as a hypo, thiourea compound and a rhodanine compound.
• Chemical sensitization can also be performed in the presence of a chemical sensitization assistant.
• An example of the chemical assistant is a compound known to suppress fogging and increase sensitivity in the chemical sensitization process such as azaindene, azapyridazine, and azapyrimidine.
• Examples of a chemi­cal sensitization assistant modifier are described in U.S. Patents 2,131,038, 3,411,914, 3,554,757, JP-A-58-126526 and G.F. Duffin, "Photographic Emulsion Chemistry", PP. 138 to 143.
• the photographic emulsion for use in the present invention can contain various compounds in order to prevent fogging during manufacture, storage, or a photographic treatment of the light-sensitive material or to stabilize photographic properties.
• the compound known as an antifoggant or stabilizer are azoles, e.g., benzothiazolium salts, nitro­imidazoles, nitrobenzimidazoles, chlorobenzimidazoles, bromobenzimidazoles, mercaptothiazoles, mercapto­benzothiazoles, mercaptobenzimidazoles, mercapto­thiaziazoles, aminotriazoles, benzotriazoles, nitrobenzotriazoles, and mercaptotetrazoles (especially, 1-phenyl-5-mercaptotetrazole); mercaptopyrimidines; mercaptotriadines; a thioketo compound such as oxadrinthione; azaindenes, e.g., triazaindenes
• the photographic emulsion for use in the present invention can be spectrally sensitized with, e.g., methine dyes.
• the dye to be used are a cya­nine dye, merocyanine dye, a composite cyanine dye, a composite merocyanine dye, a holopolar cyanine dye, a hemicyanine dye, a styryl dye, and hemioxonol dye.
• Most effective dyes are those belonging to a cyanine dye, a merocyanine dye, and a composite merocyanine dye. In these dyes, any nucleus normally used as a basic hetero­cyclic nucleus in cyanine dyes can be used.
• nucleus examples include pyrroline nucleus, an oxazoline nucleus, a thiozoline nucleus, a pyrrole nucleus, an oxazole nucleus, a thiazole nucleus, a selenazole nucleus, an imidazole nucleus, a tetrazole nucleus, and a pyridine nucleus; a nucleus obtained by condensing an alicyclic hydrocarbon ring to each of the above nuclei; and a nucleus obtained by condensing an aromatic hydrocarbon ring to each of the above nuclei, e.g., an indolenine nucleus, a benzindolenine nucleus, an indole nucleus, a benzoxadole nucleus, a naphthooxazole nucleus, a benzothiazole nucleus, a naphthothiazole nucleus, a
• a 5- or 6-membered heterocyclic nucleus e.g., a pyrazoline-5-one nucleus, a thiohydantoin nucleus, a 2-thioxazolidine-2,4-dione nucleus, a thiazolidine-2,4-­dione nucleus, a rhodanine nucleus, and a thiobarbituric acid nucleus can be used as a nucleus having a ketomethylene structure.
• sensitizing dyes can be used singly or in a combination of two or more thereof.
• a combination of the sensitizing dyes is often used especially in order to perform supersensitization.
• Typical examples of the combination are described in U.S. Patents 2,688,545, 2,977,229, 3,397,060, 3,522,052, 3,527,641, 3,617,293, 3,628,964, 3,666,480, 3,672,898, 3,679,428, 3,703,377, 3,769,301, 3,814,609, 3,837,862, 4,026,707, British Patents 1,344,281 and 1,507,803, JP-B-43-4936 and JP-B-53-12375, and JP-A-52-110618 and JP-A-52-109925.
• the emulsion can contain, in addition to the sensitizing dye, a dye not having a spectral sensitizing effect or a substance substantially not absorbing visi­ble light, having supersensitization.
• the dye can be added in the emulsion at any timing conventionally known to be effective in emulsion preparation. Most ordinarily, the dye is added after completion of chemical sensitization and before coating. However, the dye can be added at the same time as a chemical sensitizer to simultaneously perform spectral sensitization and chemical sensitization as described in U.S. Patents 3,628,969 and 4,225,666, added before chem­ical sensitization as described in JP-A-58-113928, or added before completion of silver halide grain precipi­tation to start spectral sensitization. In addition, as described in U.S.
• Patent 4,225,666 the above compound can be separately added such that a portion of the com­pound is added before chemical sensitization and the remaining portion is added thereafter. That is, as described in U.S. Patent 4,183,756, the compound can be added at any timing during silver halide grain formation.
• An addition amount can be 4 ⁇ 10 ⁇ 6 to 8 ⁇ 10 ⁇ 3 mol per mol of a silver halide. More preferably, when a silver halide grain size is preferable size i.e. 0.1 to 1.2 ⁇ m, an addition amount of about 5 ⁇ 10 ⁇ 5 to 2 ⁇ 10 ⁇ 3 mol is more effective.
• Additives RD No.17643 RD No.18716 1. Chemical sensitizers page 23 page 648, right column 2. Sensitivity increasing agents do 3. Spectral sensitizers, super sensitizers pages 23-24 page 648, right column to page 649, right column 4. Brighteners page 24 5. Antifoggants and stabilizers pages 24-25 page 649, right column pages 24-25 6. Light absorbent, filter dye, ultraviolet absorbents pages 25-26 page 649, right column to page 650, left column 7. Stain preventing agents page 25, right column page 650, left to right columns 8. Dye image stabilizer page 25 9. Hardening agents page 26 page 651, left column 10. Binder page 26 do 11. Plasticizers, lubricants page 27 page 650, right column 12. Coating aids, surface active agents pages 26-27 do 13. Antistatic agents page 27 do
• various color couplers can be used. Specific examples of these couplers are described in above-described Research Disclosure, No. 17643, VII-C to VII-G as patent references.
• a yellow coupler Preferred examples of a yellow coupler are described in, e.g., U.S. Patents 3,933,501, 4,022,620, 4,326,024, and 4,401,752, JP-B-58-10739, and British Patents 1,425,020 and 1,476,760.
• magenta coupler examples are preferably 5-pyrazolone and pyrazoloazole compounds, and more preferably, compounds described in, e.g., U.S. Patents 4,310,619 and 4,351,897, EP 73,636, U.S. Patents 3,061,432 and 3,725,067, Research Disclosure No. 24220 (June 1984), JP-A-60-33552, Research Disclosure No. 24230 (June 1984), JP-A-60-34659, and U.S. Patents 4,500,630 and 4,540,654.
• Examples of a cyan coupler are phenol and naphthol couplers, and preferably, those described in, e.g., U.S. patents 4,052,212, 4,146,396, 4,228,233, 4,296,200, 2,369,929, 2,801,171, 2,772,162, 2,895,826, 3,772,002, 3,758,308, 4,334,011, and 4,327,173, West German Patent Application (OLS) No. 3,329,729, EP 121,365A, U.S. Patents 3,446,622, 4,333,999, 4,451,559, and 4,427,767, and EP 161,626A.
• OLS West German Patent Application
• a colored coupler for correcting additional, undesirable absorption of a colored dye are those described in Research Disclosure No. 17643, VII-G, U.S. Patent 4,163,670, JP-B-57-39413, U.S. Patents 4,004,929 and 4,138,258, and British Patent 1,146,368.
• a coupler capable of forming colored dyes having proper diffusibility are those described in U.S. Patent 4,366,237, British Patent 2,125,570, EP 96,570, and West German Patent Application (OLS) No. 3,234,533.
• Couplers releasing a photographically useful resi­due upon coupling are preferably used in the present invention.
• DIR couplers i.e., couplers releasing a development inhibitor are described in the patents cited in the above-described Research Disclosure No. 17643, VII-F, JP-A-57-151944, JP-A-57-154234, JP-A-60-184248, and U.S. Patent 4,248,962.
• a coupler imagewise releas­ing a nucleating agent or a development accelerator upon development are those described in British Patent 2,097,140, 2,131,188, and JP-A-59-157638 and JP-A-59-170840.
• Examples of a coupler which can be used in the light-sensitive material of the present invention are competing couplers described in, e.g., U.S. Patent 4,130,427; poly-equivalent couplers described in, e.g., U.S. Patents 4,283,472, 4,338,393, and 4,310,618; DIR redox compound releasing couplers, described in, e.g., JP-A-60-185950 and JP-A-62-24252; couplers releasing a dye which turns to a colored form after being released described in EP 173,302A; bleaching accelerator releasing couplers described in, e.g., R.D. Nos. 11449 and 24241 and JP-A-61-201247; and a legand releasing coupler described in, e.g., U.S. Patent 4,553,477.
• competing couplers described in, e.g., U.S. Patent 4,130,427
• the couplers for use in this invention can be introduced in the light-sensitive materials by various known dispersion methods.
• a high-boiling organic solvent to be used in the oil-in-water dispersion method and having a boiling point of 175°C or more at normal pressure examples include phthalic esters (e.g., dibutylphthalate, dicyclohexylphthalate, and di-2-ethylhexylphthalate), phophates or phosphonates (e.g., triphenyl phosphate, tricresylphosphate, 2-ethylhexyldiphenylphosphate, tricyclohexylphosphate, and tri-2-ethylhexylphosphate), benzoates (e.g., 2-ethylhexylbenzoate, dodecylbenzoate, and 2-ethylhexyl-p-hydroxybenzoate), amides (e.g., N,N-diethyldodecaneamide, N,N-diethyllaurylamide, and N-tetradecylpyrrol
• An organic solvent having a boiling point of about 30°C or more, and preferably, 50°C to about 160°C can be used as a co-solvent.
• Typical examples of the co-solvent are ethyl acetate, butyl acetate, ethyl propionate, methylethylketone, cyclohexanone, 2-ethoxyethylacetate, and dimethyl­formamide.
• the present invention can be applied to various color light-sensitive materials.
• Examples of the mate­rial are a color negative film for a general purpose or a movie, a color reversal film for a slide or a television, color paper, a color positive film, and color reversal paper.
• a color light-sensitive material comprising a transparent support having thereon at least one light-sensitive silver halide emulsion layer
• 50 weight percent or more of silver halide grains contained in said emulsion layer are the silver halide grains con­stituting the silver halide emulsion manufactured by the method of manufacturing a silver halide emulsion, wherein reduction sensitization is performed by using at least one of ascorbic acid and derivatives thereof in a process of manufacturing a silver halide emulsion.
• the present invention When the present invention is used as a material for color photographing, the present invention can be applied to light-sensitive materials having various structures and to light-sensitive materials having combinations of layer structures and special color materials.
• Typical examples are: light-sensitive materials in which a coupling speed of a color coupler or diffusi­bility is combined with a layer structure, as disclosed in, e.g., JP-B-47-49031, JP-B-49-3843, JP-B-50-21248, JP-A-59-38147, JP-A-59-60437, JP-A-60-227256, JP-A-61-4043, JP-A-61-43743, and JP-A-61-42657; light-­sensitive materials in which a single color-sensitive layer is divided into two or more layers, as disclosed in JP-B-49-15495 and U.S.
• Patent 3,843,469 and light-­sensitive materials, in which an arrangement of high-­and low-sensitivity layers or layers having different color sensitivities is defined, as disclosed in JP-B-53-37017, JP-B-53-37018, JP-A-51-49027, JP-A-52-143016, JP-A-53-97424, JP-A-53-97831, JP-A-62-200350, and JP-A-59-177551.
• the color photographic light-sensitive materials of this invention can be processed by the ordinary processes as described, for example, in the above-­described Research Disclosure, No. 17643, pages 28 to 29 and ibid., No. 18716, page 651, left to right columns.
• a color developer used in developing of the light-sensitive material of the present invention is, preferably, an aqueous alkaline solution containing as a main component an aromatic primary amine-based color developing agent.
• an aromatic primary amine-based color developing agent although an aminophenol-based compound is effective, a p-phenylenediamine-based compound is preferably used.
• Typical examples of the p-phenylenediamine-based compound are 3-methyl-4-amino N,N-diethylaniline, 3-methyl-4-amino-N-ethyl-N- ⁇ -hydroxyethylaniline, 3-methyl-4-amino-N-ethyl-N- ⁇ -methanesulfonamidoethylan­line, 3-methyl-4-amino-N-ethyl-N- ⁇ -methoxyehtylaniline, and sulfates, hydrochlorides and p-toluenesulfonates thereof. These compounds can be used in a combination of two or more thereof in accordance with applications.
• the color developer contains a pH buffering agent such as a carbonate, a borate or a phosphate of an alkali metal, and a development restrainer or antifoggant such as a bromide, an iodide, a benzimidazole, a benzothiazole or a mercapto compound.
• a pH buffering agent such as a carbonate, a borate or a phosphate of an alkali metal
• a development restrainer or antifoggant such as a bromide, an iodide, a benzimidazole, a benzothiazole or a mercapto compound.
• the color developer can also contain a preservative such as hydroxylamine, diehtylhy­droxylamine, a hydrazine sulfite, a phenylsemicarbazide, triethanolamine, a catechol sulfonic acid or a triethylenediamine(1,4-diazabicyclo[2,2,2]octane); an organic solvent such as ethyleneglycol or diethylene­glycol; a development accelerator such as benzylalcohol, polyethyleneglycol, a quaternary ammonium salt or an amine; a dye forming coupler; a competing coupler; a fogging agent such as sodium boron hydride; an auxiliary developing agent such as 1-phenyl-3-pyrazolidone; a viscosity imparting agent; and a chelating agent such as an aminopolycarboxylic acid, an aminopolyphosphonic acid, an alkylphosphonic acid or a phosphonocar
• Examples of the chelating agent are ethy­lenediaminetetraacetic acid, nitrilotriacetic acid, diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid, cyclohexanedi­aminetetraacetic acid, hydroxyethyliminodiacetic acid, 1-hydroxyethylidene-1,1-diphosphonic acid, nitrilo-­N,N,N-trimethylenephosphonic acid, ethylenediamine-­N,N,N′,N′-tetramethylenephosphonic acid and ethylenediamine-di(o-hydroxyphenylacetic acid), and salts thereof.
• black-­and-white development is performed and then color development is performed.
• black-and-white developer well-known black-and-white developing agents, e.g., a dihydroxybenzene such as hydroquinone, a 3-pyrazolidone such as 1-phenyl-3-pyrazolidone, and an aminophenol such as N-methyl-p-aminophenol can be used singly or in a combination of two or more thereof.
• the pH of the color developer and black-and-white developer is generally 9 to 12.
• a replenish­ment amount of the developer depends on a color photo­graphic light-sensitive material to be processed, it is generally 3 liters or less per m2, of the light-­sensitive material.
• the replenishment amount can be decreased to be 500 ml or less by decreasing a bromide ion concentration in a replenishing solution.
• a contact area of a processing tank with air is preferably decreased to prevent evaporation and oxidation of the solution upon contact with air.
• the replenishment amount can be decreased by using a means capable of suppressing an accumulation amount of bromide ions in the developer.
• a color development time is normally set between 2 to 5 minutes.
• the processing time can be shortened by setting a high temperature and a high pH and using the color developing agent at a high concentration.
• the photographic emulsion layer is generally sub­jected to bleaching after color development.
• the bleaching can be performed either simultaneously with fixing (bleach-fixing) or independently thereof.
• bleach-fixing can be performed after bleaching.
• processing can be performed in a bleach-fixing bath having two continuous tanks, fixing can be performed before bleach-fixing, or bleaching can be performed after bleach-fixing, in accordance with applications.
• the bleaching agent are a compound of a multivalent metal such as iron (III), cobalt (III), chromium (VI) and copper (II); a peroxide; a quinone; and a nitro compound.
• Typical examples of the bleaching agent are a ferricyanide; a dichromate; an organic com­plex salt of iron (III) or cobalt (III), e.g., a complex salt of an aminopolycarboxylic acid such as ehtylenedi­aminetetraacetic acid, diehtylenetriaminepentaacetic acid, cyclohexanediaminetetraacetic acid, methyl­iminodiacetic acid, and 1,3-diaminopropanetetraacetic acid, and glycoletherdiaminetetraacetic acid, or a com­plex salt of citric acid, tartaric acid or malic acid; a persulfate; a bromate; a permanganate; and a nitro­benzene.
• an aminopolycarboxylic acid such as ehtylenedi­aminetetraacetic acid, diehtylenetriaminepentaacetic acid, cyclohexanedia
• an iron (III) complex salt of aminopolycarboxylic acid such as an iron (III) complex salt of ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid, and a persulfate are preferred because they can increase a processing speed and prevent an environmental contamination.
• the iron (III) complex salt of amino­polycarboxylic acid is effective in both the bleaching solution and bleach-fixing solution.
• the pH of the bleaching or bleach-fixing solution using the iron (III) complex salt of aminopolycarboxylic acid is normally 5.5 to 8. In order to increase the processing speed, however, processing can be performed at a lower pH.
• a bleaching accelerator can be used in the bleach­ing solution, the bleach-fixing solution and their pre-­bath, if necessary. Effective examples of the bleaching accelerator are described in, e.g., U.S. Patent 3,893,858. A compound described in U.S. Patent 4,552,834 is also preferable. These bleaching accelera­tors can be added in the light-sensitive material. These bleaching accelerators are effective especially in bleach-fixing of a photographic color light-sensitive material.
• the fixing agent examples include a thiosulfate, a thiocyanate, a thioether-based compound, a thiourea and a large amount of an iodide.
• a thiosulfate, especially, ammonium thiosulfate can be used in a widest range of applications.
• a sulfite, a bisulfite or a carbonyl bisulfite adduct is preferred.
• the photographic light-sensitive material of the present invention is normally subjected to washing and/or stabilizing steps after desilvering.
• An amount of water used in the washing step can be arbitrarily determined over a broad range in accordance with the properties (e.g., a property determined by used material such as a coupler) of the light-sensitive material, the application of the photographic material, the tem­perature of the washing water, the number of water tanks (the number of stages), a replenishing scheme representing a counter or forward current, and other conditions.
• the relationship between the amount of water and the number of water tanks in a multi-stage counter-current scheme can be obtained by a method described in "Journal of the Society of Motion Picture and Television Engineers", Vol. 64, PP. 248 - 253 (May, 1955).
• the amount of water used for washing can be greatly decreased. Since washing water stays in the tanks for a long period of time, however, bacteria multiply and floating substances can be unde­sirably attached to the light-sensitive material.
• a method of decreasing calcium and magnesium ions can be quite effectively utilized, as described in JP-A-61-131632.
• a germicide such as an isothiazolone compound and cyabendazole described in JP-A-57-8542, a chlorine-based germicide such as chlo­rinated sodium isocyanurate, and germicides such as benzotriazole described in Hiroshi Horiguchi, "Chemistry of Antibacterial and Antifungal Agents", Eiseigijutsu-Kai ed., “Sterilization, Antibacterial, and Antifungal Techniques for Microorganisms", and Nippon Bokin Bokabi Gakkai ed., “Cyclopedia of Antibacterial and Antifungal Agents”.
• the pH of the water for washing the photographic light-sensitive material of the present invention is 4 to 9, and preferably, 5 to 8.
• the water temperature and the washing time can vary in accordance with the proper­ties and applications of the light-sensitive material. Normally, the washing time is 20 seconds to 10 minutes at a temperature of 15°C to 45°C, and preferably, 30 seconds to 5 minutes at 25°C to 40°C.
• the light-­sensitive material of the present invention can be processed directly by a stabilizing agent in place of washing. All known methods described in JP-A-57-8543, JP-A-58-14834, and JP-A-60-220345 can be used in such stabilizing processing.
• Stabilizing is sometimes performed subsequently to washing.
• An example is a stabilizing bath containing formation and a surface-active agent to be used as a final bath of the photographic color light-sensitive material.
• Various chelating agents or antifungal agents can be added also in the stabilizing bath.
• An overflow solution produced upon washing and/or replenishment of the stabilizing solution can be reused in another step such as a desilvering step.
• the silver halide color light-sensitive material of the present invention can contain a color developing agent in order to simplify processing and increase a processing speed.
• the silver halide color light-sensitive material of the present invention can contain various 1-phenyl-3-­pyrazolidones in order to accelerate color development, if necessary.
• Typical examples of the compound are described in JP-A-56-64339, JP-A-57-144547, and JP-A-58-115438.
• Each processing solution in the present invention is used at a temperature of 10°C to 50°C. Although a normal processing temperature is 33°C to 38°C, process­ing can be accelerated at a high temperature to shorten a processing time, or image quality or stability of a processing solution can be improved at a lower temperature. In order to save silver for the light-­sensitive material, processing using cobalt intensifica­tion or hydrogen peroxide intensification described in West German Patent No. 2,226,770 or U.S. Patent 3,674,499 can be performed.
• the silver halide light-sensitive material of the present invention can also be applied to thermal deve­lopment light-sensitive materials described in, e.g., U.S. Patent 4,500,626, JP-A-60-133449, JP-A-59-218443, JP-A-61-238056, and EP 210,660A2.
• Double twined crystal grains comprising silver iodobromide and having an average iodide content of 24 mol% and a average sphere-equivalent diameter of 0.8 ⁇ m were used as seed crystals to form an emulsion in an aqueous gelatin solution by a controlled double jet method, the emulsion comprising twined crystal grains comprising silver iodobromide and having an average sphere-equivalent diameter of 1.2 ⁇ m, in which a core/shell ratio was 1 : 2, a shell iodide content was 2 mol%, and an average iodide content was 10 mol%.
• the emulsion was subjected to a normal desalting/washing step and redispersed under conditions of 40°C, a pAg of 8.9, and a pH of 6.3, thereby preparing an emulsion Em-1.
• Thiosulfonic acid compounds 1-2, 1-6, and 1-16 listed in Table A were individually added in a reaction vessel in addition amounts listed in Table 1-1, one minute before shell formation was started, to perform grain formation, thereby preparing emulsions Em-2 to Em-4.
• Table 1-1 Emulsion Thiosulfonic Acid Compound Addition Amount per Mol of Ag Em-2 1-2 3 ⁇ 10 ⁇ 5 mol Em-3 1-6 do Em-4 1-16 do
• Em-1 reduction sensitizer A-1 (L-ascorbic acid) and tin chloride were added in addition amounts listed in Table 1-2 one minute after shell formation was started, thereby preparing emulsions Em-5 and Em-6.
• Em-1 to Em-12 of the present inven­tion and comparative examples prepared as described above were subjected to optimal gold-plus-sulfur-­sensitization by using sodium thiosulfate and chloroauric acid, thereby preparing emulsions.
• Emulsion and protective layers in amounts as listed in Table 1-4 were coated on triacetylcellulose film sup­ports having undercoating layers.
• compositions of processing solutions used in the above steps were as follows.
• Color Developer Sodium Nitrilotriacetic Acid 1.4 g Sodium Sulfite 4.0 g Sodium Carbonate 30.0 g Potassium Bromide 1.4 g Hydroxylamine Sulfate 2.4 g 4-(N-ethyl-N- ⁇ -hydroxyethylamino)-2-methyl-aniline Sulfate 4.5 g Water to make 1 l Bleaching Solution: Sodium Bromide 160.0 g Ammonia Water (28%) 25.0 ml Iron (III) Sodium Ethylenediaminetetraacetate trihydrate 130 g Glacial Acetic Acid 14 ml Water to make 1 l Fixing Solution: Sodium Tetrapolyphosphate 2.0 g Sodium Sulfite 4.0 g Ammonium Thiosulfate (700 g/l) 175.0 ml Sodium Bisulfite 4.6 g Water to make 1 l Stabilizing Solution: Formalin 8.0 ml Water to make
• a light source was adjusted at a color temperature of 4,800°K by using a filter, and blue light was extracted by using a blue filter (BPN42 (tradename): available from Fuji Photo Film Co. Ltd.).
• Sensitivities were compared at a point from a fogging density by an optical density of 0.2. The sensitivities are listed as relative sensitivities assuming that the sensitivity of a sample using the emulsion Em-1 is 100 (100 for both 1/100 ⁇ and 10 ⁇ ).
• Each fogging density was a value with respect to a non-exposed portion and the same for both 1/100 ⁇ and 10 ⁇ ).
• each emulsion of the present invention had low fogging density and high sensitivity (especially with low intensity).
• the emulsions Em-16 and Em-17 were prepared by adding the same ascorbic acid and thiosulfonic acid (I-2) at the same timing as in the preparation of the emulsions Em-5 and Em-7, respectively.
• the emulsions Em-16 and Em-5 and the emul­sions Em-17 and Em-7 had the same sensitivity and fogging density, respectively. That is, the effects of the present invention have good reproducibility.
• each emulsion of the present invention had high sensitivity and low fogging density.
• Dye Group 1 Sensitizing Dye IX 5.4 ⁇ 10 ⁇ 5 mol/molAg Sensitizing Dye II 1.4 ⁇ 10 ⁇ 5 mol/molAg Sensitizing Dye III 2.4 ⁇ 10 ⁇ 4 mol/molAg Sensitizing Dye IV 3.1 ⁇ 10 ⁇ 5 mol/molAg Dye Group 2 (Green-Sensitive Dye) Sensitizing Dye V 3.5 ⁇ 10 ⁇ 5 mol/molAg Sensitizing Dye VI 8.0 ⁇ 10 ⁇ 5 mol/molAg Sensitizing Dye VII 3.0 ⁇ 10 ⁇ 4 mol/molAg Dye Group 3 (Blue-Sensitive Dye) Sensitizing Dye VIII 2.2 ⁇ 10 ⁇ 4 mol/molAg Table 3-1 Spectrally Sensitized Emulsion Chemically Sensitized
• the sensitometry test was performed following the same procedures as in Example 1 except that the emulsions added with the red- or green-sensitive dyes were exposed by using a yellow filter (SC-52 (trade­name): available from Fuji Photo Film Co. Ltd.) in place of the blue filter used in Example 1 and the emul­sions added with the blue-sensitive dye were exposed without using a filter.
• Table 3-2 shows sensitivities of Em-28 to Em-33 as relative sensitivities assuming that sensitivities of Em-25, Em-26, and Em-27 are 100 with respect to ten-sec and 1/100-sec exposures (Each fogging density is a value with respect to a non-exposed portion and was the same for both 1/100 ⁇ and 10 ⁇ ).
• each emulsion of the present invention had high sensitivity and low fogging density even after it was subjected to spectral sensitization.
• a plurality of layers having the following composi­tions were coated on an undercoated triacetylcellulose film support to prepare a sample as a multilayer color light-sensitive material.
• Numerals corresponding to the respective compo­nents indicate coating amounts in units of g/m2.
• a coating amount of silver halide is represented in unit of g/m2 of silver.
• a coating amount of the sensitizing dye is represented in units of mols per mol of the sil­ver halide in the same layer.
• Layer 1 Antihalation Layer Black Colloid Silver silver 0.18 Gelatin 1.40
• Layer 2 Interlayer 2,5-di-t-pentadecylhydroquinone 0.18 EX-1 0.07 EX-3 0.02 EX-12 0.002 U-1 0.06 U-2 0.08 U-3 0.10 HBS-1 0.10 HBS-2 0.02 Gelatin 1.04
• Layer 4 2nd Red-Sensitive Emulsion Layer Tab
• a gelatin hardener H-1 and/or a surfactant were added to each layer.
• Samples 401 to 403 were prepared following the same procedures as the above described sample except that the silver iodobromide emulsions I, II, and III in the layers 5, 9, and 13, respectively, were changed.
• the processed samples were subjected to density measurement by using red, green, and blue filters. The obtained results are shown in Table 4-1.
• the color development process was performed at 38°C in accordance with the following process steps. Color Development 3 min. 15 sec. Bleaching 6 min. 30 sec. Washing 2 min. 10 sec. Fixing 4 min. 20 sec. Washing 3 min. 15 sec. Stabilizing 1 min. 05 sec.
• the processing solution compositions used in the respective steps were as follows. Color Development Solution Diethylenetriaminepentaacetic Acid 1.0 g 1-hydroxyethylidene-1,1-diphosphonic acid 2.0 g Sodium Sulfite 4.0 g Potassium Carbonate 30.0 g Potassium Bromide 1.4 g Potassium Iodide 1.3 mg Hydroxylamine Sulfate 2.4 g 4-(N-ethyl-N- ⁇ -hydroxyethylamino)-2-methylanilinesulfate 4.5 g Water to make 1.0 l pH 10.0 Bleaching Solution Ferric Ammonium Ethylenediaminetetraacetate 100.0 g Disodium Ethylenediaminetetraacetate 10.0 g Ammonium Bromide 150.0 g Ammonium Nitrate 10.0 g Water to make 1.0 l pH 6.0 Fixing Solution Disodium Ethylenediaminetetraacetate 1.0 g Sodium Sulfite 4.0 g Ammonium Thi
• the emulsions of the present invention has an effect of increasing the sensi­tivity with almost no increase in fogging density.
• the samples 401 to 403 of the present invention and the comparative examples were exposed following the same procedures as in Example 4 and processed as follows by using an automatic developing machine. Processing Method Step Time Temperature Color Development 3 min. 15 sec. 38°C Bleaching 1 min. 00 sec. 38°C Bleach-Fixing 3 min. 15 sec. 38°C Washing (1) 40 sec. 35°C Washing (2) 1 min. 00 sec. 35°C Stabilizing 40 sec. 38°C Drying 1 min. 15 sec. 55°C
• Tap water was supplied to a mixed-bed column filled with an H type strongly acidic cation exchange resin (Amberlite IR-120B: available from Rohm & Haas Co.) and OH type basic anion exchange resin (Amberlite IR-400) to set the con­centrations of calcium and magneisum to be 3 mg/l or less. Subsequently, 20 mg/l of sodium iso­cyanuric acid dichloride and 0.15 g/l of sodium sulfate were added. The pH of the solution fell within the range of 6.5 to 7.5.
• the samples 402 and 403 of the present invention provided the good results as in Example 4 after they were subjected to the above processing.
• the samples 401 to 403 of the present invention and the comparative examples were exposed following the same procedures as in Example 4 and processed as follows by using an automatic developing machine. Processing Method Step Time Temperature Color development 2 min. 30 sec. 40°C Bleach-Fixing 3 min. 00 sec. 40°C Washing (1) 20 sec. 35°C Washing (2) 20 sec. 35°C Stabilizing 20 sec. 35°C Drying 50 sec. 65°C
• Tap water was supplied to a mixed-bed column filled with an H type strongly acidic cation exchange resin (Amberlite IR-120B: available from Rohm & Haas Co.) and an OH type basic anion exchange resin (Amberlite IR-400) to set the con­centrations of calcium and magneisum to be 3 mg/l or less. Subsequently, 20 mg/l of sodium isocyanuric acid dichloride and 0.15 g/l of sodium sulfate were added. The pH of the solution fell within the range of 6.5 to 7.5.
• the samples 402 and 403 of the present invention provided the good results as in Example 4 after they were subjected to the above processing.
• a plurality of layers having the following composi­tions were coated on an undercoated cellulose triacetate film support to prepare a sample as a multilatered color light-sensitive material.
• the amounts are represented in units of g/m2.
• the coated amounts of a silver halide and colloid silver are represented in units of g/m2 of silver, and that of sensitizing dyes is represented by the number of mols per mol of the silver halide in the same layer.
• Samples 701 to 703 were prepared following the same procedures as for the above sample except that the silver iodobromide emulsions I, II, and III in the layers 5, 10, and 16, respectively, were changed.
• the processed samples were subjected to density measurement by using red, green, and blue filters. The obtained results are shown in Table 7-1.
• the emulsions of the present invention have an effect of increasing the sensitivity with almost no increase in fogging density.
• a plurality of layers having the following composi­tions were coated on an undercoated triacetylcellulose film support to prepare a sample as a multilayered color light-sensitive material.
• the coated amount of a silver halide and colloid silver are represented in units of g/m2 of silver, that of couplers, additives, and gelatin is represented in units of g/m2, and that of sensitizing dye is repre­sented by the number of mols per mol of the silver halide in the same layer.
• Symbols representing addi­tives have the following meanings. Note that if an additive has a plurality of effects, only one of the effects is shown.
• a stabilizer Cpd-3 (0.07 g/m2) for an emulsion and a surfactant Cpd-4 (0.03 g/m2) were added as coating aids to each layer.
• Em-201 An emulsion Em-201 was prepared following the same procedures as for Em-1 in Example 1 except that the average sphere-equivalent diameter of a seed crys­tal was 0.5 ⁇ m and therefore the average sphere-­equivalent diameter of a final grain was 0.75 ⁇ m.
• the emulsions 201 to 207 of the present invention and the comparative examples prepared as described above were optimally subjected to gold-plus-sulfur-­sensitization by using a sodium thiosulfate and chloroauric acid.
• Samples 801 to 804 were prepared following the same procedures as for the above sample except that the silver iodobromide emulsions I, II, and III in the layers 4, 8, and 14, respectively, were changed.
• the processed samples were subjected to density measurement by using red, green, and blue filters.
• the results of photographic properties are compared by using relative sensitivities of the red-, green-, and blue-sensitive layers assuming that the sensitivity of the sample 801 is 100.
• the samples 803 and 804 of the present invention had higher sensitivity and lower fogging density than the samples 801 and 802 of the com­parative example.
• a fogging density of the sample 802 was significantly increased while its sensitivity was decreased.
• the samples 803 and 804 of the present invention had photographic properties better than those of the comparative examples 801 and 802.
• a tabular grain means a grain having a plurality of parallel twinned crystal faces and a tabular shape regardless of its aspect ratio.
• a grain having no twinned crystal face and having an aspect ratio of 2 or more is also included in the tabular grain.
• the latter grain includes a rectangular parallelepiped grain as reported in A. Mignot et al., "Journal of Cryst. Growth", Vol. 23, P. 207 (1974).
• an aspect ratio means a ratio of a diameter of a silver halide grain with respect to its thickness. That is, the aspect ratio is a value obtained by dividing the diameter of each silver halide grain by its thickness.
• the diameter means a diameter of a circle having an area equal to a projected area of a grain upon obser­vation of a silver halide emulsion by a microscope or electron microscope. Therefore, when the aspect ratio is 3 or more, the diameter of a circle is three times or more the thickness of a grain.
• An average aspect ratio is obtained as follows. That is, 1,000 silver halide grains of the emulsion are extracted at random to measure their aspect ratios, tabular grains corresponding to 50% of a total projected area are selected from those having larger aspect ratios, and a number-average of aspect ratios of the selected tabular grains is calculated.
• a number-average of a diameter or thickness of the tabular grains used to calculate the average aspect ratio is defined as an average grain size or average grain thickness, respec­tively.
• An example of an aspect ratio measuring method is a method of photographing a transmission electron micrograph by a replica technique to obtain a circle-­equivalent diameter and a thickness of each grain. In this case, the thickness is calculated from the length of a shadow of the replica.
• the average aspect ratio of the tabular silver halide grains reduction-sensitized by the ascorbic acid compound is 3.0 or more, preferably, 3 to 20, more preferably, 4 to 15, and most preferably, 5 to 10.
• a ratio of a projected area occupied by tabular silver halide grains with respect to all silver halide grains is 50% or more, preferably, 70% or more, and more preferably, 85% or more.
• a silver halide photographic light-sensitive mate­rial having good sharpness can be obtained by using such an emulsion.
• the sharpness is good because a degree of light scattering caused by an emulsion layer using the above emulsion is much smaller than that of a conven­tional emulsion layer. This can be easily confirmed by an experiment method ordinarily used by those skilled in the art.
• the reason why the light scattering degree of an emulsion layer using the tabular silver halide emul­sion is small is not clear. It can be assumed, however, that a major surface of the tabular silver halide emul­sion grain is oriented parallel to the surface of a support.
• the average grain diameter of the tabular silver halide grains reduction-sensitized by the ascorbic acid compound is 0.2 to 10.0 ⁇ m, preferably, 0.3 to 5.0 ⁇ m, and more preferably, 0.4 to 3.0 ⁇ m.
• the average grain thickness is preferably 0.5 ⁇ m or less.
• the average grain size is 0.4 to 3.0 ⁇ m
• the average grain thickness is 0.5 ⁇ m or less
• the aspect aspect ratio is 5 to 10
• 80% or more of a total projected area of all silver halide grains are occupied by tabular grains.
• the tabular silver halide grains reduction-­sensitized by the ascorbic acid compound may be any of silver chloride, silver bromide, silver chlorobromide, silver iodobromide, and silver chloroiodobromide. More preferable examples are silver bromide, silver iodo­bromide having 20 mol% or less of silver iodide, and silver chloroiodobromide and silver chlorobromide having 50 mol% or less of silver chloride and 2 mol% or less of silver iodide. In a mixed silver halide, a composition distribution may be uniform or localized.
• the tabular silver halide emulsion of the present invention can be prepared by, for example, forming a seed crystal having 40% (weight) or more of tabular grains in a comparatively-high-pAg atmosphere in which a pBr is 1.3 or less, and simultaneously adding silver and halogen solutions to grow the seed crystal while the pBr value is maintained substantially the same level. In this grain growth step, it is preferred to add the silver and halogen solutions so that no new crystal nucleus is generated.
• the size of emulsion grains can be adjusted, for example, by adjust­ing a temperature, selecting the type or quality of a solvent, and controlling addition rates of silver salts and halides used in grain formation.
• Samples 1101 to 1110 of multilayered color light-­sensitive material having the same layer arrangement as that of Example 4 were prepared following the same pro­cedures as in Example 4 except that the silver iodo­bromide emulsions I, II, and III of the layers 5, 9, and 13 were changed as shown in Table 9-2. Note that in addition to the emulsions listed in Table 9-2, the sensitizing dyes of the dye groups 1, 2, and 3 of Example 3 were added to the layers 5, 9, and 13, respectively, in the same amounts as those in Example 3.
• aqueous solution obtained by dissolving 30 g of inactive gelatin and 6 g of potassium bromide in 1 l of distilled water was stirred at 75°C, and 35 cc of an aqueous solution containing 5.0 g of silver nitrate and 35 cc of an aqueous solution containing 3.2 g of potas­sium bromide and 0.98 g of potassium iodide were added to the resultant solution each at a rate of 70 cc/min for 30 seconds. Thereafter, the pAg of resultant solu­tion increased to 10 to perform ripening for 30 minutes, thereby preparing a seed emulsion.
• a thiosulfonic acid compound was added, and one minute after the addition, equimolar amounts of the remaining aqueous silver nitrate solution and an aqueous solution of a mixture of potassium bro­mide and potassium iodide having a different composition from that used in core emulsion preparation were added at an addition rate close to a critical growth rate to start shell formation.
• the ascorbic acid compound was added one minute after shell formation was started to continue shell formation, thereby finally preparing a core/shell type silver iodobromide tabular emulsions.
• An aspect ratio was adjusted by selecting the pAg upon core and/or shell formation.
• the processed samples were subjected to density measurement by using red, green, and blue filters. The obtained results are summarized in Table 9-2.
• a response to pressure of each sample was evaluated as follows. That is, each sample was wound around a columnar rod having a diameter of 6 mm so that the emul­sion surface of the sample faced inward, and held in this state for 10 seconds. Thereafter, wedge exposure was performed under the same conditions as described above for 1/100 seconds, development was performed following the same procedures as described above, and the density was measured by using a blue filter, thereby measuring fog and sensitivity of the blue-sensitive layer.
• the sensitivity is represented by a relative value assuming that the sensitivity of the sample 1101 was 100.
• the sharpness was evaluated by measuring the MTF of the red-sensitive layer.
• the MTF value was measured in accordance with a method described in "The Theory of Photographic Process", 3rd, ed., Macmillan. Exposure was performed by white light, and cyan color forming density was measured by a red filter. The MTF value with respect to a spatial frequency of 25 cycle/mm at cyan color forming density of 1.0 is used as a typical value. Larger MTF values are more preferable.
• Table 9-2 Sample No. Red-Sensitive Layer Green-Sensitive Layer Blue-Sensitive Layer Blue-Sensitive Layer (After Bending) M.T.F.
• the color photo­graphic light-sensitive material of the present inven­tion has good sharpness and response to pressure while maintaining high sensitivity.
• an emul­sion having higher sensitivity and producing lower fog can be obtained by additionally using a thiosulfonic acid compound.
• Samples 1201 to 1210 having the same layer arrange­ment as that of Example 7 were prepared using the emul­sions prepared in Example 9 as silver bromide emulsions I, II, and III of layers 5, 10, and 16, respectively.
• the color photo­graphic light-sensitive material according to the pre­sent invention has high sensitivity and good sharpness and response to pressure.
• Samples 1301 to 1310 having the same layer arrange­ment as that of Example 8 were prepared using the emulsions 101 to 110 prepared in Example 9 as silver iodobromide emulsions I, II, and III of layers 4, 8, and 14, respectively.

Landscapes

• Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
• Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
• Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
• Materials Engineering (AREA)
• Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
• General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
• Silver Salt Photography Or Processing Solution Therefor (AREA)

Applications Claiming Priority (4)

Publications (2)

Family

ID=26351693

Family Applications (1)

Country Status (2)

Cited By (12)

Citations (4)

• 1989
  • 1989-11-20 DE DE1989624327 patent/DE68924327T2/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
  • 1989-11-20 EP EP19890121452 patent/EP0369491B1/de not_active Expired - Lifetime

Patent Citations (4)

Non-Patent Citations (1)

Also Published As

Similar Documents

Legal Events