Classifications

• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B05—SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
  • B05D—PROCESSES FOR APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
  • B05D5/00—Processes for applying liquids or other fluent materials to surfaces to obtain special surface effects, finishes or structures
  • B05D5/06—Processes for applying liquids or other fluent materials to surfaces to obtain special surface effects, finishes or structures to obtain multicolour or other optical effects
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B44—DECORATIVE ARTS
  • B44F—SPECIAL DESIGNS OR PICTURES
  • B44F9/00—Designs imitating natural patterns
  • B44F9/04—Designs imitating natural patterns of stone surfaces, e.g. marble

Definitions

• the present invention relates generally to a method of forming a synthetic surface material simulating various natural substances such as marble, stone, onyx, agate, jade, malachite and the like and more particularly, to a method of creating and manufacturing a synthetic material simulating various natural substances which utilizes a unique pigment and resin system.
• One example is a process utilizing a laminated sheet of material marketed under the trademark FORMICA. Such material is formed in large sheets and then cut and applied to the desired surface by adhesive or the like. Such sheets can be manufactured in solid colors or in various patterns, some of which simulate various stone or other textured material.
• “Cultured marble” is formed by first creating a mold of a desired shape, spraying the internal mold surface with a gel coat and then filling the mold with a conventional casting resin. Pigments are added to the resin to give it the desired color or pattern. After the resins have set, the mold is removed with the surface facing the mold forming the outer surface of the finished product.
• Patent No. 3,341,396 issued to E. M. Iverson.
• a base substrate is coated with a resin material, after which colored pigment is sprinkled onto the resin material.
• the resin material and colored pigment is then covered with a transparent coating and a tool is passed through the system to distribute the pigment.
• a synthetic surface is formed by preparing a resin system or matrix, adding a veining pigment composition comprising a "blooming" agent or vehicle, and pouring the same onto a flat substrate.
• Further variations in aesthetic properties and surface texture can be achieved in accordance with the present invention by using multiple resin systems, varying the specific gravities and thixotropic or flow characteristics of the various multiple resins and by varying the cure rate of the multiple resin systems.
• the material generated by the present method displays a number of desirable aesthetic and physical properties which have not previously been achieved. These materials formed in accordance with the present invention more closely simulate synthetic rock, marble or the like while at the same time provide a surface which is very pleasing and one which is extremely durable, repairable and capable of relatively high heat resistance.
• the desirable aesthetic properties of the material formed by the method of the present invention are created by utilizing a unique veining pigment system or composition in conjunction with a unique resin system.
• the veining pigment composition utilized in the method of the present invention includes a pigment component having a specific gravity greater than the specific gravity of the resin system and a blooming agent of component having a specific gravity less than the specific gravity of the resin system.
• the blooming agent tends to rise toward the surface, carrying small amounts of the pigment component with it.
• small amounts of pigment are dropped to create a trail of pigment in the resin.
• This carrying of a portion of the pigment toward the surface is what the inventor has referred to as the "blooming" process.
• the portion of the pigment which is not carried toward the surface by the blooming agent tends to sink toward the bottom because its specific gravity is greater than that of the resin system.
• the extent to which the "blooming" process is allowed to occur as well as the extent to which the pigment is allowed to sink to the bottom of the resin system depends, to a great extent, on the viscosity of the resin system.
• Thixotropy is a fluid property which causes its viscosity to vary as a function of its state of agitation and the previous history of motion within the fluid.
• the viscosity of a thixotropic fluid decreases and increases as its state of agitation and length of agitation increases, and increases as its state of agitation and length of agitation decreases.
• Resin systems which exhibit thixotropic properties are able to be mixed and thus poured with relative ease and then, after having been poured and in a relative nonagitated state, exhibit significantly increased viscosity. This increased viscosity retards or limits the migration or dispersion (both "blooming" or rising as well as sinking) of the pigments within the resin system and enables one to control the migration and dispersion of the pigment and to stop or fix such migration or dispersion at a desired point in time.
• the preferred method contemplates preparation of the resin system, addition and slight mixing of the veining pigment composition and then pouring the mixture onto the substrate. It is contemplated, however, that the pigment composition could also possibly be added after the resin system has been poured, with the pigment either being allowed to sink and disperse naturally or as a result of mixing with a tool or by some other means. It is also contemplated that various additional veining can be added by using accent pigment to create the appearance of fissures and the like in the product.
• a modification of the preferred method contemplates utilizing multiple resin systems and multiple corresponding veining compositions to create further design variations and surface textures.
• multiple resin systems it is desirable to slightly mix the two systems together before pouring the same onto a substrate. It is contemplated, however, that the multiple resin systems could be poured separately onto the substrate and then mixed after such pouring.
• a modification of the multiple resin system is to utilize multiple resin systems which have different specific gravities.
• unique patterns and effects result as the respective resin systems tend to migrate or move with respect to one another under the force of gravity as the system cures.
• at least one of the resin systems would be combined with a veining pigment composition including a pigment component having a specific gravity greater than the specific gravity of such resin system and a blooming agent or component having a specific gravity less than the specific gravity of such resin system.
• a still further modification of the multiple resin system contemplates varying the cure time of the respective resins such as by using different curing agents or catalysts.
• the respective resins cure at different rates, surface puckering and other distortions result, leading to additionally unique and attractive designs and surface textures.
• Design variations can also be achieved by varying the thixotropic and flow characteristics of the respective resin systems.
• Another object of the present invention is to provide a method of forming a synthetic surface which more closely simulates that of stone, marble or the like and/or which results in unique or more pleasing patterns.
• a further object of the present invention is to provide a method for creating a synthetic surface simulating stone, marble or the like which utilizes a unique pigment composition comprising a pigment component having a specific gravity greater than that of the resin system and a blooming agent component having a specific gravity less than that of the resin system.
• Another object of the present invention is to provide a method for forming a synthetic surface simulating stone, marble or the like in which unique patterns are formed and created by controlling the thixotropic properties of the resin system either separately or in combination with a unique pigment composition.
• a further object of the present invention is to provide a method for forming a synthetic surface simulating stone, marble or the like by utilizing multiple resin systems with at least one of such resin systems being combined with the unique veining pigment compositions as described.
• a still further object of the present invention is to provide a method for forming a synthetic surface having further unique design variations and surface textures in a multiple resin system by varying the specific gravities, cure times and/or thixotropic or flow characteristics of the respective resin systems.
• the present invention relates to a method of forming a synthetic surface simulating the appearance of stone, marble or various other naturally occurring materials.
• the method steps involved in the present invention include preparing at least one resin system or matrix, adding a veining pigment composition to at least one of the resin systems and then applying the same to a substrate.
• percentages and ratio are by weight unless otherwise indicated.
• the step of preparing the resin system includes the substeps of selecting the base or primary resin, adding a tinting pigment (if desired) and adding any fillers or other materials to control the properties of the product when cured or the resin system during the forming process. A curing agent or catalyst is then added and all of the ingredients are thoroughly mixed.
• the preferred method of the present invention contemplates the use of a conventional transparent or translucent polyester, isophthalic casting resin as the primary or base resin.
• a conventional transparent or translucent polyester, isophthalic casting resin as the primary or base resin.
• Such resins or resin blends are available through a variety of sources and are generally known in the art.
• Suitable polyester resins are those prepared from polymerizable unsaturated polyesters such as those prepared from ethylenically unsaturated polycarboxcylic acids and polyhydric alcohols.
• the primary resin when fully cured, provides desirable heat, chemical and moisture resistance.
• a preferred polyester casting resin is a styrated isophthalic casting resin.
• the preferred resin system is comprised of an isophthalic polyester resin, it is contemplated that an orthophthalic polyester casting resin can be utilized as well. It is also contemplated that various other resins could be utilized. Possible other polymeric resins include methylmethacrylate and epoxy resin systems. Further, it is possible that the primary resin could be comprised of a blend or mixture of different resin components, provided that the various resin components are compatible with one another.
• the resin system or matrix preparation step also includes the possible substeps of adding tinting pigments, fillers and/or other components for the purpose of providing background colorant to the material and providing certain properties and characteristics to the resin system during formation and after it has cured. For example, if a certain tint or color is desired, an appropriate pigment such as titanium dioxide or any one of various other pigments can be added. Certain materials may be added for the purpose of reducing the coefficient of thermal expansion of the cured system or providing such system with various other desired properties.
• One embodiment of the present method contemplates the addition of a fire retardant filler such as alumina trihydrate to provide fire retardancy to the end product.
• a fire retardant filler such as alumina trihydrate
• other possible compositions are available for accomplishing the same purpose.
• the inventor has found that up to 50% by weight, and preferably between about 30% and 50% by weight, of alumina trihydrate may be added to the primary resin.
• addition of certain fillers such as alumina trihydrate may dictate modifications to the veining pigment composition or the addition of viscosity reducing agents or plasticizers in order for such pigment to sink and "bloom" in accordance with the present invention.
• an aspect of the present invention includes controlling the thixotropy of the resin system by addition of a thixotropic agent such as fumed silica or the like. Addition of such an agent provides the resin system with thixotropic properties which results in its viscosity varying generally inversely as a function of its state of agitation. In other words, as the resin system is agitated, its viscosity will decrease, while as its state of agitation is decreased, its viscosity will increase.
• a thixotropic agent such as fumed silica or the like.
• thixotropic properties provide the resin system or matrix with a first viscosity to permit the same to be mixed and poured and to flow to a desired thickness, and a second viscosity to thereafter control and ultimately stop the dispersion of the veining pigment.
• a small amount of fumed silica or other thixotropic agent is added to the resin base to establish the desired thixotropic property of the resin system.
• the thixotropic properties of the resin system or matrix results in sufficiently decreased viscosity during slight agitation (i.e., mixing and pouring) to permit the system to be easily mixed and poured and to flow to a desired film thickness on the substrate.
• a desired film thickness is generally about 1 to 15mm, and preferably about 2 to 4mm.
• a viscosity of less than about 1200 centipoise or about 800 to 1200 m Pa.s (centipoise), and preferably less than about 1000 m Pa.s (centipoise) or about 800 to 1000 m Pa.s (centipoise), during the mixing, pouring and flowing of the matrix is desirable.
• the preferred thixotropic properties of the resin system also results in sufficiently increased viscosity after the matrix has flowed to a desired film thickness and is generally at rest or in a nonagitated state to stop further dispersion of the veining pigment within a desired time after reaching this state.
• dispersion of the veining pigment should be stopped within about 15 seconds to 5 minutes after the matrix has flowed to the desired film thickness.
• approximately 1/4% to 3% by weight of fumed silica is added to the base resin to establish the desired degree of thixotropy.
• the base resin is thoroughly mixed.
• Preparation of the resin system also includes the substep of adding the curing agent or catalyst which initiates the desired crosslinking and causes the resin to cure.
• the curing agent or catalyst which initiates the desired crosslinking and causes the resin to cure.
• catalysts or curing or crosslinking agents that may be utilized. Many of these have fairly broad application to a variety of resins or resin blends, while others are more specific.
• MEKP methylethyl ketone peroxide
• the amount of catalyst added to the resin system can vary depending upon a number of factors including the speed with which curing is desired, the temperature under which the curing is to occur, etc.
• the catalyst MEKP is added to the polyester resin and thoroughly mixed for curing at a temperature of about 21 to 38°C (70 to 100°F). It is also contemplated that the primary resin could be self curing, in which case a catalyst is not needed.
• the veining pigment composition is prepared, added to the matrix, mixed slightly, and then poured onto a flat substrate.
• a substrate comprises a flat sheet of material such as plywood, pressed wood or the like.
• a side edge of limited height for the purpose of restraining the flow of the poured matrix is also provided.
• the substrate can be provided with a release coating or the like if a sheet of the resulting material is desired.
• the veining pigment composition which has been added to the matrix and slightly mixed is poured onto the substrate and allowed to flow to the edges where it is retained and allowed to cure.
• the resin with added veining pigment can be poured in strips or in various other patterns. It is also contemplated that the resin with added veining pigment can be poured and subsequently further mixed. It is also contemplated that the resin system can be first poured and then followed by addition of the veining pigment, either with or without subsequent mixing.
• the veining pigment composition utilized in the method of the present invention comprises a conventional pigment component such as titanium dioxide having a specific gravity greater than that of the resin system, together with a blooming or floatation agent component having a specific gravity less than that of the resin system.
• the blooming agent is generally immiscible with respect to the pigment component. It is also preferable for the blooming agent to be compatible with the particular resin system being utilized. In other words, it is desirable for the blooming agent to not chemically or physically react with the resin system so as to reduce or affect the properties of that system.
• Acceptable blooming agents generally include solvents of the particular resin system being utilized, such as styrene, as well as various compatible oils and unsaturated resins. Surfactants such as detergents are also acceptable.
• the specific blooming agent utilized is a surfactant comprising a soybean oil derivative sold by Amway under the trademark LOC and comprises approximately 2% to 50% by weight of the veining pigment composition.
• LOC soybean oil derivative sold by Amway under the trademark LOC
• a minority portion of the pigment component is carried by the blooming agent, which has a specific gravity less than that of the resin, toward the top surface or away from the substrate.
• the blooming agent which has a specific gravity less than that of the resin
• trails of pigment are left behind, thereby creating three-dimensional patterns in the transparent/­translucent resin system or matrix. This creates the illusion of internal veining within the system.
• the sinking portion of the pigment tends to form tonal variations in the background giving the illusion of great depth.
• the veining pigment composition includes a pigment component in the amount of about 50% to 98% by weight, and preferably about 90% to 98% by weight.
• the pigment component has a specific gravity greater than that of the resin.
• the veining pigment composition also includes a blooming agent component in an amount of about 2% to 50% by weight, and preferably about 2% and 10% by weight, of a material with a specific gravity less than that of the resin.
• the pigment component is comprised of titanium dioxide or various other pigments dispersed in a polyester base. These are commercially available as are various other acceptable pigments.
• the blooming agent is comprised of methylethyl ketone (MEK) or any other resin system solvent, as well as various surfactants, oils, waxes, paraffins and unsaturated polyester resins which are compatible with the resin system and have specific gravity less than that of the resin system.
• MEK methylethyl ketone
• the veining pigment composition is combined with the resin matrix at the rate of from trace amounts of pigment up to about two grams of pigment per gallon of matrix.
• the amount of blooming agent in the veining pigment composition depends, to some extent, on the desired look of the final product. It also depends on the particular resin system being utilized and the properties of such resin system. For example, in one resin system, approximately 50% by weight of alumina trihydrate or other similar material is added in order to induce desired fire retardant properties. Because of the introduction of this material, the composition of the veining pigment must be altered and a viscosity reducing agent or plasticizer must be added to the resin system to overcome the problems arising from the significantly increased viscosity. This involves addition to the resin system of approximately 3% to 10% triethylphosphate by weight as a viscosity reducing agent or plasticizer for the purpose of decreasing the viscosity of the system.
• a surfactant or blooming agent for the purpose of assisting in driving the pigments through the resin system.
• a surfactant or blooming agent for the purpose of assisting in driving the pigments through the resin system.
• a surfactant or blooming agent for the purpose of assisting in driving the pigments through the resin system.
• the veining pigment should also preferably include as much as 50% by weight of a suitable surfactant or blooming agent such as the soybean oil derivative sold by Amway under the trademark LOC.
• the pigment component and the blooming agent are thoroughly mixed so that the pigment is dispersed in the blooming agent.
• the relative properties of the blooming agent must be such that a dispersion will result upon such mixing.
• additional accent or veining can be formed by preparing a quantity of accent pigment or material and pouring limited amounts in a desired pattern onto the substrate. Because the accent pigment, which is comprised principally of pigment and a portion of the resin matrix, has a specific gravity greater than that of the resin, it tends to sink and provides accent or fissure lines in the final product.
• a further modification of the method of the present invention involves the utilization of multiple resin systems to achieve further design variations and surface textures.
• At least one of these multiple resin systems should preferably include a veining pigment composition as described above having a pigment component with a specific gravity greater than that of the such one resin system and a blooming agent component with a specific gravity less than that of said one resin system. It is also contemplated that more than one of the resin systems in a multiple resin system environment could be provided with such a veining composition.
• design variations and different surface textures can be achieved by one or more of the following techniques.
• One such technique is to utilize multiple resin systems in which at least two of such resin systems have different specific gravities.
• the light resin system that with the lower specific gravity
• the heavier resin system that with a greater specific gravity
• the specific gravity of the resin systems can be varied by selection of the resin itself or by using different fillers of different levels of fillers in the respective resin systems. Typical fillers could include, but would not be limited to, calcium carbonate or aluminum trihydrate. Specific gravities of resin systems will typically vary between 1.2 and 1.8. To achieve a desirable effect, the differences in specific gravity between two resin systems should be at least .01 and preferably at least about.05.
• a second technique includes varying the cure rate of at least two of the resin systems in a multiple resin environment. This varying of the cure rate results in a textured surface which is dependent, to some extent, on the specific cure rates of the resins. Since polymers shrink when they cure (typically about 2%), the uneven or different cure rates in the respective resins will cause distortions in the surface. Such distortions will generally be in registration with the resin systems and their particular color since each resin system has its own cure rate. Typical gel time for a resin system utilized in the present invention is on the order of about 15 minutes. By mixing a resin system with a 15-minute gel time with a second resin system having a 25-minute gel time, significant distortion of the surface will occur.
• the cure rate of a resin system can be varied in several ways; however, the most common way is to vary the cure rate by adjusting the level of the catalyst or curing agent in the system. In resin systems of the preferred method using the catalyst MEKP, the amount of catalyst will vary between about 3/4% and 2% of the resin mixture. Other factors include the level of promoter in the resin itself, the level of filler, the ambient temperature and the resin and mold temperature. When resin mixtures of different cure times are utilized, it is preferable that the cure times be at least about 20% different to achieve a meaningful difference in effect.
• a third technique for achieving design variations in a multiple resin system is to vary the level of thixotropy between at least two resin systems.
• This variance of thixotropy affects the flow characteristics of the individual resins while, and after, they are poured. This will not only affect the general migration or movement of the respective resin systems, but will also tend to hold surface distortion in place which has been formed by other techniques such as the variance of curing rates. Resins which have a low thixotropic index will tend to flow out more, thus tending to reduce surface texture variation, while resin systems with a high thixotropic index will tend to stay in place, resulting in enhanced surface variations and textures.
• thixotropic properties of a particular resin system can be altered in a manner similar to that described above by the addition of a thixotropic agent agent such as fumed silica. Normally, addition of fumed silica up to an amount of about 2% is preferred.
• a fourth technique is to vary the viscosity of the resin, independent of the thixotropic properties, through the addition or deletion of various styrenes, plasticizers or other compositions affecting the viscosity of a particular resin system.
• These viscosity affecting components generally have a small effect on the specific gravity of the system, but can have a major effect on the flow characteristics of the resin. Such varying flow characteristics results in further design variations.
• each of the resin systems and its respective veining composition if utilized is preferably prepared and combined separately, after which the resin systems are combined with slight mixing and subsequently poured onto the substrate. It is contemplated, however, that the separately prepared resin systems can be separately poured onto the substrate and then physically mixed on the substrate itself to create the desired patterns and designs.
• At least one of the resin systems would preferably include a veining pigment as described above; however, it is further contemplated that many of the benefits of the present invention and many unique and desirable design variations and surface textures can be achieved by eliminating the described veining pigment composition, but utilizing one or more of the above described techniques. Thus, it is believed that certain desirable designs and surface textures can be achieved whether or not any of the resin systems include the specifically described veining pigment composition with the described pigment component and blooming agent component.
• At least one resin system or matrix is prepared by selecting a primary resin or resin blend and, if needed or desired, adding various materials to the primary resin. These materials may include a tinting pigment as well as materials which affect the ultimate properties of the cured resin or the properties of the resin system or matrix during formation of the product.
• One of these other materials may include a thixotropic agent such as fumed silica or the like to at least one of the resins for the purpose of controlling the viscosity of the matrix while the same is being mixed and poured and after it has been allowed to flow to its desired thickness. It has been found that addition of approximately 1/4% to 3% by weight of fumed silica to the primary resin provides acceptable thixotropic properties. This permits the resin to be easily mixed and poured and to flow to a desired thickness, and after this has occurred, to have a sufficiently increased viscosity to stop the further dispersion of the veining pigment at a desired point in time.
• a thixotropic agent such as fumed silica or the like
• a fire retardant component is a fire retardant component.
• the viscosity is significantly increased to the point where it may be necessary to add viscosity reducing agents or plasticizers to the matrix and additional blooming agent and/or surfactants to the veining pigment in order to help drive the pigments through the resin system.
• a veining pigment composition is preferably added to at least one of the resin systems.
• the veining pigment composition includes a pigment component having a specific gravity less than that of the resin system and comprising about 50% to 98% by weight of the composition and a blooming agent having a specific gravity less than that of the resin system and comprising about 2% to 50% by weight of the composition.
• Simulation of a quartz-like stone surface was formed by preparing a resin matrix utilizing a conventional styrated isophthalic polyester resin as the base resin.
• the particular base resin utilized had a viscosity at room temperature of about 700 m Pa.s (centipoise).
• To this base resin was added 1/2% by weight of fumed silica as a thixotropic agent, 1/4 gram per gallon of titanium dioxide as a tinting pigment and 2% by weight of methylethyl ketone peroxide (MKEP) as the catalyst. These ingredients were then thoroughly mixed to produce the resin matrix.
• MKEP methylethyl ketone peroxide
• a small quantity of accent pigment or material was then prepared by adding 20 grams of metal coated mica pigment with 40 grams of the base resin along with 2% by weight of the catalyst MEKP and thoroughly mixing the same. This mixture was then partially mixed with 200 ml, of the resin matrix, to produce the accent pigment mixture.
• the veining pigment composition was then prepared by thoroughly mixing 95% by weight titanium dioxide pigment and 5% by weight of a surfactant, namely, the soybean oil derivative sold by Amway Corporation under the trademark LOC This veining pigment composition was partially blended with the resin matrix at the rate of about 1/2 gram of veining pigment composition per gallon of resin matrix.
• the resulting blend was poured in strips approximately 20.3 to 46 cm (8 inches to 18 inches) wide and allowed to flow to the side edges of a flat substrate provided with side edges.
• limited amounts of the accent pigment were used to form accent or fissure lines by pouring the same in desired patterns onto the substrate.
• the accent pigment having a greater specific gravity than that of the resin matrix tended to sink to the bottom of the poured resin thereby creating desirable fissure lines.
• the poured resin mixture was cured at 43.3°C (110°F) for four hours.
• the final film thickness was 3.2 mm (1/8 inch) and exhibited highly desirable aesthetic properties.
• a simulation of a marble surface was prepared by utilizing a base resin similar to that in Example 1 above and adding 1/2% by weight of fumed silica. This resin/fumed silica mixture was divided in two equal parts. Titanium dioxide pigment was added to one part at the rate of 1/4 gram of pigment per gallon of resin and was added to the second part at the rate of 2 grams of pigment per gallon of resin. Both parts were catalyzed with 2% by weight MEKP and thoroughly mixed to produce a first and second resin matrix respectively.
• An accent pigment material was prepared as in Example 1 above.
• a veining pigment composition comprising 95% titanium dioxide and 5% of the surfactant utilized in Example 1 was prepared and added to the first resin matrix at the rate of 1/2 gram of veining pigment composition per gallon of resin solution and slightly mixed. Equal portions of the first resin matrix (with added veining pigment composition) and the second resin matrix were combined, mixed slightly and poured onto a substrate as in Example 1 above. Accent veining was also conducted as in Example 1 above. The resulting poured material was cured at 38°C (100°) for four hours. The thickness of the resulting product was 3.2 mm (1/8 inch) and provided an aesthetically pleasing, marble-like surface.
• a black marble simulation with raised white veining and detailing was prepared by utilizing a combination of two resin systems.
• a first resin system was prepared by mixing one part (by weight) translucent isophthalic polyester resin (SG 1.1) with one part (by weight) alumina trihydrate filter (SG 2.2), resulting in a specific gravity of 1.65.
• To this resin mixture was added 1/2% black pigment, 1/4% fumed silica (cabosil), 1% MEKP catalyst and 1% triethylphosphate (to reduce viscosity).
• the level of catalyzation in the resin as it comes from the supplier is dependent, to some extent, on the level of promoter (cobalt napthalate) in the resin. In the present case, this level is .1%.
• the level of catalyst, the ambient temperature, the resin temperature and the temperature of the mold also affect the catalyzation and ultimate cure time.
• the above identified mixture had a gel time of approximately 25 minutes.
• the gel time for purposes of the present invention is the point at which the material is sufficiently cured so that it achieves the consistency of jelly.
• a second resin mixture was prepared in a similar fashion by mixing one part (by weight) of translucent isopthalic polyester resin with .8 parts alumina trihydrate filler, thus resulting in a specific gravity of about 1.58. To this mixture was added 1/4% titanium dioxide (white pigment), 1/2% fumed silica (cabosil) and 2% MEKP as the catalyst. This combination was mixed in accordance with standard procedure known in the cultured marble industry. The gel time of this second resin mixture was determined to be approximately 15 minutes.

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• 1989
  • 1989-11-02 CA CA 2002350 patent/CA2002350A1/fr not_active Abandoned
  • 1989-11-08 EP EP19890120728 patent/EP0368294A3/fr not_active Withdrawn
  • 1989-11-08 JP JP29095689A patent/JPH02218743A/ja active Pending

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