EP0362958A1

EP0362958A1 - Air curtain device

Info

Publication number: EP0362958A1
Application number: EP89202490A
Authority: EP
Inventors: Petrus Josephus Joannes Hubertus Ir. Ligtenberg
Original assignee: Fh Biddle Bv
Current assignee: Fh Biddle Bv
Priority date: 1988-10-04
Filing date: 1989-10-02
Publication date: 1990-04-11
Anticipated expiration: 2009-10-02
Also published as: ATE88805T1; EP0362958B1; DE68906230D1; DE68906230T2; NL8802430A; ES2040983T3

Abstract

Air curtain device (1) comprising a housing (3) to be arranged close to a passage opening in a building (2), which housing is provided with an elongate air outflow opening (6), air supply means (16) connected to said opening and air guiding means (7) for causing directed outflow out of said opening of the air supplied by said air supply. Said air guiding means comprise elements (22) reducing the turbulence of the air located at the position of said air outflow opening.

Description

The invention relates to an air curtain device as described in the heading of claim 1.
Such devices are usually used in the passage openings of buildings, for instance shops and department stores. The air curtain generated by the device at the location of the passage opening is intended to maintain a separation between the climate in the building and the climate outside it. Due to the air curtain it is possible to have a visually completely free passage opening, without the energy loss resulting from the escape of for instance heated or cooled air from the building assuming inadmissible proportions. The air flowing out of the air outflow opening of the device is itself usually heated or cooled. Since at least some air escapes from a building, for instance through gaps and ventilation openings, air from outside the building will flow inside at the location of the passage opening into the building. This air is hereby mixed with the air of the air curtain, so that this is brought to the desired temperature. In this way a considerable portion of the energy used to bring the air in the air curtain to the desired temperature is to the benefit of the interior climate of the building.
Through direct contact with the outside air a certain loss of energy is of course unavoidable.
The invention now has for its object to reduce the energy loss with an air curtain device of the type described in the preamble.
This object is achieved according to the invention with the characterizing step of claim 1. It has been found that as a result the interface of the flat stream of air and the outside air remains "smoother", whereby less air from the air curtain mixes with the outside air and escapes outside. It has moreover been found that at a lower degree of turbulence of the outflowing air the stream broadens less quickly in downward direction and thus penetrates more deeply. Under the same circumstances a smaller amount of blown out air can as a result be sufficient to still achieve the desired separating effect.
Considering the flow conditions it is naturally not possible to achieve a completely laminar flow. It has however been found that through the invention the degree of turbulence of the air blown out of an air curtain device can be reduced in a manner such that on the basis of the above described mechanisms a considerable energy saving can be achieved.
A practical embodiment of the air curtain device according to the invention is characterized in claim 2.
When the lengthwise dimension is equal to or less than the transverse dimension, there occurs rather an amplifying than a lessening of turbulence. The greater the ratio between the lengthwise dimension and the transverse dimension, the better the lessening of turbulence.
In this respect the step of claim 3 is preferably applied.
With the step of claim 4 is achieved that the average speed in the outflow direction remains the same, which contributes to damping of the air eddying.
A very favourable embodiment is characterized in claim 5. It has been found that this embodiment has a very favourable effect on the air eddyings, while moreover the flow resistance is limited.
A further advantage of this embodiment occurs in combination with the characterizing steps of claim 6. Since in the lengthwise direction the fans have outlet openings lying at a mutual distance, the air supply at the height of the fans is not uniform. It is now been found with the strip-like guide elements that the unevenly supplied air leaves the guide elements as a very considerably more uniform, flat stream of air. It is thus hereby possible to choose fans which in view of the required supply and the occurring pressure differences have a maximum output. The fact that thereby the air does not leave the fans uniformly as seen in the lengthwise direction of the device is of less importance in this embodiment. Because the optimal fans can be chosen an energy saving can in this manner likewise be achieved.
When further the step of claim 7 is applied, the air supply per unit of length of the air outflow opening becomes still more uniform. After passing the strip-like guide elements the flat stream of air is then also virtually completely continuous in lengthwise direction. The level of turbulence is hereby further reduced in a favourable manner.
A further development of the device according to the invention is characterized in claim 8. As required by the circumstances of use of the device the outflow direction of the flat stream of air can hereby be slightly altered. This can for instance be directed slightly sloping to the outside.
The invention will be further elucidated in the following description with reference to the embodiments shown in the figures.

Fig. 1 shows a perspective view diagonally from below of an air curtain device according to the invention in a preferred embodiment.
Fig. 2 shows a partially sectional perspective view according to arrow II in fig. 1.
Fig. 3 shows a partially broken away perspective view, according to arrow III in fig. 2, of an alternative embodiment.
Fig. 4 shows schematically a number of possible embodiments of turbulence reducing elements for use with an air curtain device according to the invention.

The air curtain device 1 shown in fig. 1 is mounted in a manner to be further described above a passage opening in a building 2. This passage opening can be the entrance or a connecting opening between two areas of the building.
The device 1 comprises a housing 3 which is provided with an elongate air outflow opening 6. Air supply means, which in the embodiment shown and described here are formed by fans accommodated in the housing 3 of the device 1, are connected to the air outflow opening 6. The air is drawn in through inlet grids 5, which are formed in covers 4 closing off the housing 3. Arranged in the outflow opening 6 are elements 7 which reduce the turbulence of the blown out air. The flat stream of air 8 leaving the opening 6 penetrates to the bottom of the passage opening and thus forms in further per se known manner a separation between the two climates on either side of the air curtain 8.
Fig. 2 shows in more detail the construction of the air curtain device 1.
The housing 3 of the device 1 is suspended from a horizontal ceiling surface by means of mounting strips 10, which are themselves screwed fixedly into the ceiling of the building 2 and are bent over at their ends into hooks 11 in the manner shown in the drawing. In the housing 3 of the device 1 two channels 12 are formed, on one upper edge of which an inwardly protruding edge 13 of plate material is formed. After fixing of the mounting strips 10 the device can simply be suspended on the hooks 11 thereof by manipulating the device 1 such that the hooks 11 are placed into the channels 12 and come to fall behind the edges 13. After adjusting the position of the device 1 by sliding in transverse direction of the mounting strips, the final position can be fixed using locking screws 14. This fitting with mounting strips 10 has the advantage that the mounting position of the device is to a large degree independent of the bearing construction in the ceiling. The strips can be simply attached in the suitable positions in their lengthwise direction to the bearing parts.
Air filter elements 15 are arranged in the housing 3 of the device 1 behind the inlet grids 5. These filter elements 15 can be changed and are accessible through downward swivelling of the covers 4.
The air supply means are, as previously noted, formed by a number of fans 16. Arranged in the housing 3 between the air filters 15 and the fans 16 is a heat exchanger 23. The indrawn air is heated or cooled in this heat exchanger in accordance with the desired use.
Each fan 16 comprises an electric motor 17, which drives a rotor 18. The fan housing 19 formed as a so-called snail shell extends around the rotor. The fan 16 is mounted with the housing 19 on a mounting plate 27 of the housing 3. Openings 20 corresponding with the fans are arranged in this plate.
As shown, the fans 16 applied here are radial fans with suction openings on either side of the fan housing 19. Fans of this type have a favourable output for the conditions intended here.
The drawback of a number of separate, adjacently disposed fans is however that the outlet openings 20 likewise lie in a number of discrete locations, so that the air to be blown out is not released uniformly over the lengthwise direction of the outflow opening 6. An important additional advantage of the invention is that it also obviates these drawbacks.
Connecting onto the outlet openings 20 of the fans are dividing plates 21 which extend up to the turbulence reducing elements at the location of the outflow opening 6. In the embodiment shown in fig. 2 these elements are formed by guide elements 22 which are formed by strip-like elements extending in the lengthwise direction of the air outflow opening 6 and parallel to each other. The distance between the strip-like guide elements is smaller than or equal to approximately one fifth of the height of these strip-like elements 22. The guide elements provide in the first instance the effect intended by the invention of reducing the degree of turbulence in the outflowing air. In the embodiment shown, that is, with the strip-like guide elements 22, these moreover ensure a smoothing out of the flow irregularities in the air leaving the fans, in the lengthwise direction of the outflow opening 6. So that although the air from the discrete outlet openings 20 of the fans 19 is fed to the guide elements from varying directions, an adjustment occurs such that the flat stream of air leaving the guide elements 22 has a great extent of uniformity in lengthwise direction.
The alternative embodiment shown in fig. 3 has parts which are identical to those shown in fig. 2. These identical parts are designated with the same reference numerals.
The embodiment in fig. 3 is distinguished in characteristic manner in that the guide elements 22 are assembled with a number of comb shaped supports 33 into a unit 30 which is mounted pivotally on an axis 31 in the housing 3. The strip-like slats 22 are joined to the unit 30 by bolts extending through these and through each of the comb shaped supports 33. The supports 33 are connected pivotally to the housing 3 using forks 32. The unit 30 can be swivelled in the manner indicated out of the drawn position, in which the stream of air is directed slightly slanting outward, to the position indicated by the dashed line, in which the stream of air is directed vertically downward. In practice the guide elements 22 are adjusted such that optimal flow conditions are created. When for instance a relatively lower pressure can occur inside the building than outside the building, which will usually have the consequence that the air curtain bends inward, the stream of air can initially be directed slightly outward.
Fig. 3 shows further the way in which the cover 4 grips onto the housing 3. The cover 4 is provided with a number of slot shaped openings 26 which drop over tongues 25 arranged on the housing 3.
Although the embodiment of the guide elements as shown in the described figures in the form of parallel strip-like elements is preferred, the invention is certainly not limited thereto.
Fig. 4 shows a selected number of possible different embodiments of the guide elements according to the invention. Characteristic for each of these embodiments is that outflow channels are defined which have in the general outflow direction, which is vertical in the examples shown, a lengthwise dimension which is a number of times greater than the smallest dimension transversely of this direction. As noted earlier this lengthwise dimension is preferably at least five times as great as the transverse dimension. The degree of turbulence of the outflowing air is reduced by these guide elements such that the interface with the outside air remains relatively "smooth", so that a minimum of mixing and diverting of the air of the air curtain to the outside takes place, while moreover the widening of the stream of air as the distance to the outflow opening increases is greatly limited, so that the flat stream of air extends further downward than when the degree of turbulence of the air is high.
It will be apparent that the device according to the invention does not necessarily need to have integrated air supply means. The invention can be applied just as well with an air curtain device wherein the air supply means are external. Other embodiments also fall within the scope of the annexed claims.

Claims

1. Air curtain device comprising a housing to be arranged close to a passage opening in a building, which housing is provided with an elongate air outflow opening, air supply means connected to said opening and air guiding means for causing directed outflow out of said opening of the air supplied by said air supply means, characterized in that said air guiding means comprise elements reducing the turbulence of the air located at the position of said air outflow opening.

2. Device as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that the air guiding means at the location of the opening comprise guide elements, which define air outflow channels, which have in the general outflow direction a lengthwise dimension that is a number of times greater than the smallest dimension transversely of this direction.

3. Device as claimed in claim 2, characterized in that the lengthwise dimension amounts to at least five times the transverse dimension.

4. Device as claimed in claim 2 or 3, characterized in that the outflow channels have substantially a constant section in the outflow direction.

5. Device as claimed in any of the foregoing claims, characterized in that the guide elements are strip-like elements extending in lengthwise direction of the elongate air outflow opening and parallel to each other.

6. Device as claimed in claim 5, characterized in that the air supply means comprise a number of adjacently disposed fans on outlet openings lying at a mutual intervals.

7. Device as claimed in claim 6, characterized in that between the outlet openings lying at intervals and the air outflow opening transverse dividing surfaces are arranged for distributing the air uniformly.

8. Device as claimed in any of the foregoing claims, characterized in that the guide elements are assembled into a separate unit which can be pivoted around an axis in the lengthwise direction of the outflow opening.