EP0362753B1 - Clamping device - Google Patents

Clamping device Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0362753B1
EP0362753B1 EP89118202A EP89118202A EP0362753B1 EP 0362753 B1 EP0362753 B1 EP 0362753B1 EP 89118202 A EP89118202 A EP 89118202A EP 89118202 A EP89118202 A EP 89118202A EP 0362753 B1 EP0362753 B1 EP 0362753B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
clamping
clamping device
jaw
down element
workpiece
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Expired - Lifetime
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EP89118202A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP0362753A1 (en
Inventor
Manfred Schanz
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Individual
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Individual
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    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B25HAND TOOLS; PORTABLE POWER-DRIVEN TOOLS; MANIPULATORS
    • B25BTOOLS OR BENCH DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR, FOR FASTENING, CONNECTING, DISENGAGING OR HOLDING
    • B25B1/00Vices
    • B25B1/24Details, e.g. jaws of special shape, slideways
    • B25B1/2405Construction of the jaws
    • B25B1/2473Construction of the jaws with pull-down action on the workpiece

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a clamping device according to the preamble of the main claim.
  • DE-B-1 301 765 shows a clamping device with a pull-down device, which clamps a workpiece during the adjustment movement when clamping a workpiece and thereby also moves towards the support.
  • this clamping device the workpiece is held by elastic clamping rails which protrude beyond the respective clamping jaw.
  • the obliquely downward-pointing clamping rails when acted upon by the workpiece to be clamped, bring about a downward clamping force in addition to the normal clamping force, so that the workpiece is also pressed against the bearing surface.
  • the disadvantage here is that the workpiece is held in the clamping end position by the elastic clamping rails. This can lead to problems with regard to the lateral positioning of the workpiece, since the elastic flexibility of the clamping rails does not permit exact lateral positioning of the workpiece with high repeatability.
  • the entire clamping forces holding the workpiece must be transmitted through the clamping rails alone.
  • the workpiece is loaded linearly at the contact points of the clamping rails, and high holding forces can damage the workpiece.
  • the clamping rails must also be designed to be correspondingly stable, but this in turn impairs their elastic deformability for the pull-down process.
  • the object of the present invention is to provide a clamping device of the type mentioned at the outset which assures an exact positional positioning of a workpiece, in particular also on the workpiece support (Z-axis) good repeatability enables, where cumbersome re-measurement work should be omitted.
  • the pull-down element can dodge during the adjustment movement and then arrives in the end position of the workpiece in an end position lying within the clamping jaw, so that the workpiece then lies against the clamping surface and is held by the clamping jaws.
  • a preferred embodiment provides that the pull-down element is inserted into a receiving slot which runs obliquely to the workpiece support and extends longitudinally at least over a portion of the clamping jaw and is open towards the clamping surface and which faces away from the clamping surface as a bearing and holder for the pull-down element is formed and has an extension for the pivoting movement of the pull-down element in the vicinity of the clamping surface.
  • the pull-down element can be inserted into such a receiving slot in a simple manner and, due to this accommodation, is not disruptive even in the usual handling of the clamping device.
  • the pull-down element is preferably formed by at least one leaf spring, which is preferably a flat flat part is trained. Such a pull-down element is particularly easy to manufacture.
  • the receiving slot for the pull-down element in the clamping jaw has a curve arched to the clamping surface, at least of its slot wall remote from the support.
  • This curvature of the receiving slot makes a flat one in a relaxed position or flat leaf spring deformed and preloaded, so that it rests accordingly at least in the vicinity of the clamping surface on this bulge outside.
  • the leaf spring thus assumes its initial position automatically when not under load and is at the same time jammed in the slot by the deformation and thus held.
  • pull-down devices are provided on both clamping jaws, possibly also on partial jaws belonging to a clamping jaw.
  • the workpiece is pressurized towards the support on both clamping surfaces and thus precisely positioned.
  • a further development of the invention provides that the intended clamping movement of the clamping jaws is somewhat larger than the adjusting movement of the pull-down element and that, in the case of the adjustable clamping jaws, an infeed device for displacing the clamping jaw (s) on the workpiece and preferably combined with the infeed device Clamping device provided for the clamping movement.
  • the adjustable clamping jaw (s) can be fed up to the workpiece and only then is the pull-down device activated for positioning on the workpiece support during clamping.
  • the base plate expediently has coordinate bores for fastening fixed clamping jaws or similar stops and / or for connecting to a base clamping plate or a machine tool table.
  • the clamping device can thus be used overall in the manner of a pallet plate or an interchangeable plate, the existing coordinate bores being used for exact positioning when moving this base plate or pallet plate. Overall, this also makes it possible to achieve the clamping device when clamping the workpiece Maintain positioning accuracy.
  • a clamping device 1 shown in the figures is used to hold workpieces 2. These are held between two clamping jaws 3 which are adjustable in their relative distance from one another. It is preferably provided that one of the clamping jaws is designed as a fixed jaw and the other as a movable jaw.
  • the clamping jaws 3 have clamping surfaces 4 pointing towards one another and in the exemplary embodiment, workpiece supports 5 connected in one piece are also provided.
  • a pull-down device 6 is provided at least on one of the clamping surfaces. This pull-down device 6 is actuated by this workpiece when the workpiece is clamped between the two clamping jaws 3, it being pulled against the workpiece support 5 by a pull-down component derived from the clamping movement.
  • the pull-down device 6 has a pull-down element 7 which projects beyond the clamping surface 4.
  • this pull-down element 7 is formed by a leaf spring 9, which is resilient in the pull-down direction (see arrow Pf 1 in FIG. 1) and with its end on the rake face side points obliquely towards the workpiece support 5. Without a workpiece 2 lying thereon (FIG. 1), the end 12 on the rake face protrudes beyond the rake face 4, whereby this projection can be a few tenths of a millimeter, for example 2/10 millimeters.
  • the leaf spring 9 is in the embodiment in an inclined to the workpiece support 5 and out longitudinally at least over a portion of the clamping jaw 3 extending receiving slot 10 is used, which has an outlet opening in the clamping surface 4. It is preferably provided that this receiving slot 10 has a curve curved to the clamping surface 4, as can be clearly seen in FIGS. 1 to 4. Starting from the inner end of the receiving slot 10, its slot walls 13, 13a run parallel and form a clamping bracket for the leaf spring 9 in this area, which extends over approximately half the depth of the receiving slot 10.
  • the lower or the support-side diaphragm wall 13a has a greater distance from the other diaphragm wall 13 in the region located further outside, this distance being dimensioned such that a free space 8 for pivoting the outer end of the leaf spring 9 into that shown in FIG. 4 Position is present.
  • the leaf spring 9 is preferably designed as a flat flat part in a relaxed position, which is preloaded accordingly after insertion into the curved receiving slot 10. In this pretension position, the leaf spring 9 rests on the diaphragm wall 13 and the outer end 12 protrudes beyond the clamping surface 4.
  • the slot base 24 forms a displacement stop, so that the leaf spring 9 cannot be moved longitudinally when it is acted upon by the workpiece 2 according to the arrow Pf 2 in FIG. 3. Therefore, due to the oblique arrangement of the spring end, there is a pivoting movement toward the workpiece support 5, the pivot radius intersecting the support-side clamping surface section below the pull-down element 7 which is in the rest position.
  • the workpiece 2 Since the protruding end 12 of the pull-down element 7 initially forms the contact point for the workpiece 2, the workpiece 2 also necessarily performs the pull-down movement and is guided against the workpiece support 5.
  • In 3 shows the workpiece 2 at a slight distance from the support 5 for clarification.
  • the workpiece When pressing the workpiece 2 in the direction of the clamping surface 4 (arrow Pf 2), the workpiece is lowered to its exact support on its workpiece support 5. If the workpiece 2 is already resting on the support 5 during the clamping process, frictional force is applied towards the support, so that it is safely prevented from being lifted off the support 5, thus ensuring that the workpiece 2 is safely positioned in the Z direction to edition 5.
  • the leaf spring 9 is biased by the curved course of the slot 10, so that its outer end 12 assumes the position shown in FIG. 3 without external stress. At the same time, the leaf spring 9 is also clamped in the slot 10 and is therefore also held in a simple manner.
  • This holder has the further advantage that leaf springs 9 of different thicknesses can be used and are held sufficiently. In Fig. 3, a thinner spring is shown in dashed lines. This makes it possible for different leaf springs or the like. Pull-down elements to be used depending on the desired pull-down force.
  • the lamellar leaf spring 9 can have a thickness of approximately 0.1 mm to approximately 1 mm in the case of smaller clamping devices, a leaf spring with a thickness of 0.2 mm being used in an experimental setup.
  • the thickness of the leaf spring or the like can also be several, for example 2, 3, 4 or 5 mm.
  • the spring force can also be influenced by the free projection of the spring protruding over the clamping length.
  • the stroke in the pull-down direction also results.
  • a pull-down stroke of approximately 2/10 to 3/10 millimeters would result from a protrusion of approximately 2/10 millimeters.
  • the pull-down stroke of the supernatant could be increased accordingly.
  • the leaf spring 9 can extend over the entire length of a clamping jaw 3, one of its longitudinal edges projecting beyond the clamping surface 4 as the outer end 12. It is expedient if the receiving slot 10 is formed open at the edges at its lateral ends, so that the leaf spring 9 can then also be used from these sides. On the other hand, this leaf spring can also be inserted into the slot 10 from the clamping surface 4. There is also the possibility that several pull-down elements 7 are arranged in series in the longitudinal direction of the clamping jaw 3.
  • the pull-down device 6 can be arranged both on the fixed and on the movable clamping jaw. It is preferably provided that such pull-down devices 6 are provided on both jaws.
  • FIG. 6 shows a clamping device in which a fixed, longitudinally continuous clamping jaw 3 and on the opposite side a movable clamping jaw formed from a plurality of partial clamping jaws 3a, 3b are provided. It can also be seen here that these partial clamping jaws can be designed differently not only in their longitudinal extent, but also in their clamping distance in order to be able to clamp workpieces provided with recesses accordingly.
  • the partial clamping jaws 3a, 3b can each be provided with pull-down devices 6.
  • clamping devices 1 are shown, in which the actual clamping movement of the clamping jaws 3 is matched to the adjusting movement of the pull-down element or elements 7.
  • the clamping movement of the clamping jaws is somewhat larger than the adjusting movement of the pull-down element.
  • the clamping devices 1 have a combined feed and clamping device 14 for the movable clamping jaws 3.
  • the movable jaws 3 can be moved up to the workpiece, this workpiece then resting on the pull-down elements 7 of the jaws 3.
  • the subsequent clamping process then causes only a very small adjustment path of the clamping jaws, within which the pull-down movement of the leaf springs 9 or the like also takes place.
  • the feed and clamping device 14 has clamping screws 15 (see FIGS. 5 and 7) which engage on the movable clamping jaw (s) and which pass through the movable clamping jaws and pass through slits 16 extending obliquely in the clamping direction in a base plate 17 belonging to the clamping device 1 and on the back thereof Base plate 17 are screwed into longitudinally adjustable locking blocks 18.
  • Locking blocks 18 locking fields formed by a locking profile 21 are provided on the underside of the base plate 17 along the sliding slots 16.
  • the locking blocks 18 have a corresponding counter-profile on their side facing the base plate 17, which engages in the locking profile 21 on the base plate 17.
  • the clamping screws 15 can be loosened to such an extent that the locking profiling disengages, so that the locking blocks can then be adjusted along the sliding slots 16. If the actual clamping position is reached with this rough adjustment, for example with the clamping jaws resting on the workpiece, the clamping screws 15 are tightened, the locking blocks 18 are fixed by engagement with the locking profile 21 and the clamping displacement of the movable clamping jaws 3 is then carried out by further tightening of the clamping screws.
  • This displacement path is comparatively small and, depending on the division of the latching profile 21, can be dimensioned according to this division distance or less. For example, clamping paths of 0.5 to 2 mm can be provided.
  • the oblique through bores for the clamping screws 15 located in the movable clamping jaws are dimensioned in such a way that that the clamping screws have a certain amount of play in the tilting movement, since they are slightly inclined when the jaws are clamped.
  • spherical washers are placed under the head. Because of this slight inclination, the locking profile 21 and the corresponding counter-profile of the locking blocks 18 are expediently formed with rounded flanks in order to keep transverse forces otherwise transmitted to the tensioning screws away during the tilting movement.
  • a workpiece 2 is clamped in FIG. 5 and, for clarification, the movable clamping jaw is also indicated in another displacement position. It can also be clearly seen in this figure that the workpiece 2 rests on supports 5 which are integrally connected to the clamping jaws 3. These conditions are formed here by corresponding projections below the clamping surfaces 4.
  • a depression 19 is provided in the area of the locking profiles 21, the depth of which is dimensioned to accommodate the locking blocks 18.
  • 17 fitting bores 22 are provided in this fixed jaw and in the base plate, into which pins or preferably expansion mandrels can be inserted. Through this, an exact position of the fixed jaw is first achieved. This position is then secured by retaining screws 26.
  • the base plate 17 (FIG. 6) has fastening points for two positions of the fixed clamping jaw 3. If necessary, attachment points can also be provided for more different positions of the clamping jaw 3.
  • FIG. 7 and 8 show a somewhat modified holder for the fixed clamping jaw 3, wherein here instead of fitting bores 22 in the base plate 17 grooves 27 for different positions of the fixed clamping jaw 3 and on this corresponding longitudinal springs 28 for engaging in the groove 27 are provided.
  • the clamping jaw 3 is fastened with retaining screws 26.
  • a longitudinal stop is also indicated in FIGS. 5 and 6, which on the foot side has a guide projection which engages under the support projection of the clamping jaw 3 and is therefore already well held in its respective position.
  • the clamping jaw 3 has below its clamping surface 4 a series of threaded bores into which the fastening screws 30 of the longitudinal stop 29 can be screwed.
  • the longitudinal stop can thus be attached at virtually any position along the fixed jaw 3. It also has an adjusting screw 31 for fine adjustment of the longitudinal stop position.
  • Fig. 7 shows a modified embodiment of a pull-down device 6a, in which the pull-down element 7a is formed by a part of the clamping jaw 3, which protrudes slightly above the clamping surface 4 and by an oblique longitudinal slot, which is open at the edge towards the clamping surface 4, in regions thereof remaining jaw body is separated.
  • the pull-down device 6 or 6a according to the invention can also be implemented in various other embodiments, wherein the pull-down element can also be attached to a swivel joint, which on the other hand is connected to the jaw body.
  • a machine tool table or other base e.g. also a base plate 25 (see FIG. 7) of a pallet system
  • 17 coordinate bores 20 are provided in the base plate. Via these coordinate bores, which correspond to corresponding bores in a base plate 25 or a machine table, an exact positioning and holding via expansion mandrels is possible.
  • the clamping device can thus be quickly and precisely connected to a corresponding base.
  • stepped pins it is also possible to fix the position of the clamping device 1 in the T-slots of a processing machine.
  • the clamping device 1 can generally be used to hold workpieces during machining. Because of the high positioning accuracy and also repeatability, use in the production of mold plates, mold cores and the like, ejector plates, eroding electrodes, etc. is particularly possible.
  • the pull-down device 6 can also be mounted in a separate jaw part, which can also be retrofitted to the existing clamping jaws.
  • FIG. 5 also shows a pressure piece 32 which presses the tensioning screw 15 laterally approximately in the feed direction of the movable clamping jaw, through which the tensioning screw rests on one side in the loosened position against the through hole.
  • the maximum span can thus be comparatively small and the tilting movement can thus be kept within limits. If the movable clamping jaw is moved up to the workpiece to be clamped, the pull-down path of the pull-down device or devices 6 and then also the actual clamping path must be bridged from this position. For this, the comparatively small span of the tensioning device 14 must be sufficient.
  • the tensioning screw and also the locking block 18 connected therewith take up the position lying furthest forward in the tensioning direction before the tensioning process, so that the full tensioning path is subsequently available.
  • the pressure piece has an external thread with which it can be screwed into a threaded bore 33 in the movable clamping jaw 3. At its end facing the clamping screw 15, a spring-loaded pressure pin 34 protrudes from the pressure piece 32.

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Description

Die Erfindung betrifft eine Einspannvorrichtung gemäß dem Oberbegriff des Hauptanspruches.The invention relates to a clamping device according to the preamble of the main claim.

Beim Festspannen von Werkstücken besteht die Forderung, daß eine vorgegebene, exakte Lageposition des Werkstückes eingenommen wird. Um dies nach einem Einspannvorgang zu kontrollieren, sind entsprechende Einmeßvorrichtungen erforderlich, mit denen die vorgesehenen Koordinatenlagen überprüft werden können.
Durch diesen Einmeßvorgang ist ein entsprechender Aufwand vorhanden, welcher insbesondere bei häufigem Umspannen, wie es bei Serienfertigungen erforderlich ist, erhebliche Stillstandszeiten verursacht.
When clamping workpieces, there is a requirement that a predetermined, exact position of the workpiece is assumed. In order to check this after a clamping process, appropriate measuring devices are required with which the intended coordinate positions can be checked.
As a result of this measuring process, there is a corresponding outlay which, particularly in the case of frequent reclamping, as is required in series production, causes considerable downtimes.

Beim Festspannen eines Werkstückes ist besonders auch die exakte Position auf der Auflage (Z-Lage) problematisch, da der Spanndruck beim Festlegen des Werkstückes nicht in diese Richtung wirkt. Dementsprechend muß durch Druck zum Beispiel von Hand oder durch Klopfen versucht werden, eine exakte Auflage zu erreichen. Problematisch ist hierbei auch, daß auf gegenüberliegenden Seiten gleichzeitig eine exakte Auflage erreicht werden soll, wobei eine Druckbeaufschlagung auf einer Seite eventuell eine Lageveränderung auf der anderen Seite hervorrufen kann.When clamping a workpiece, the exact position on the support (Z position) is particularly problematic, since the clamping pressure does not act in this direction when the workpiece is fixed. Accordingly, an attempt must be made to achieve an exact edition by pressure, for example by hand or by tapping. It is also problematic here that an exact edition is simultaneously on opposite sides should be achieved, whereby pressurization on one side can possibly cause a change in position on the other side.

Die DE-B-1 301 765 zeigt eine Einspannvorrichtung mit einer Niederzugvorrichtung, die beim Einspannen eines Werkstückes dieses bei der Verstellbewegung einspannt und dabei auch zur Auflage hin bewegt. Bei dieser Einspannvorrichtung wird das Werkstück durch elastische Spannschienen gehalten, die über die jeweilige Spannbacke übersteht. Die schräg nach unten weisenden Spannschienen bewirken bei Beaufschlagung durch das einzuspannende Werkstück außer der normalen Einspannkraft eine nach unten gerichtete Spannkraft, so daß das Werkstück auch gegen die Auflagefläche gedrückt wird.DE-B-1 301 765 shows a clamping device with a pull-down device, which clamps a workpiece during the adjustment movement when clamping a workpiece and thereby also moves towards the support. With this clamping device, the workpiece is held by elastic clamping rails which protrude beyond the respective clamping jaw. The obliquely downward-pointing clamping rails, when acted upon by the workpiece to be clamped, bring about a downward clamping force in addition to the normal clamping force, so that the workpiece is also pressed against the bearing surface.

Nachteilig ist hierbei, daß das Werkstück in Einspann-Endlage von den elastischen Spannschienen gehalten wird. Daraus können sich bezüglich der Seitenpositionierung des Werkstückes Probleme ergeben, da die elastische Nachgiebigkeit der Spannschienen eine exakte Seitenpositionierung des Werkstückes mit hoher Wiederholgenauigkeit nicht zuläßt.
Hinzu kommt noch, daß die gesamten, das Werkstück haltenden Spannkräfte alleine durch die Spannschienen übertragen werden müssen. Das Werkstück wird dabei an den Anlagestellen der Spannschienen linienförmig beaufschlagt und bei hohen Haltekräften kann dies zu Beschädigungen am Werkstück führen. Für hohe Spannkräfte müssen die Spannschienen außerdem entsprechend stabil ausgebildet sein, was aber wiederum ihre elastische Verformbarkeit für den Niederzugvorgang beeinträchtigt.
The disadvantage here is that the workpiece is held in the clamping end position by the elastic clamping rails. This can lead to problems with regard to the lateral positioning of the workpiece, since the elastic flexibility of the clamping rails does not permit exact lateral positioning of the workpiece with high repeatability.
In addition, the entire clamping forces holding the workpiece must be transmitted through the clamping rails alone. The workpiece is loaded linearly at the contact points of the clamping rails, and high holding forces can damage the workpiece. For high clamping forces, the clamping rails must also be designed to be correspondingly stable, but this in turn impairs their elastic deformability for the pull-down process.

Aufgabe der vorliegenden Erfindung ist es, eine Einspannvorrichtung der eingangs erwähnten Art zu schaffen, die eine exakte Lagepositionierung eines Werkstückes insbesondere auch auf der Werkstück-Auflage (Z-Achse) bei guter Wiederholgenauigkeit ermöglicht, wobei gegebenenfalls umständliche Nachmeßarbeiten entfallen sollen.The object of the present invention is to provide a clamping device of the type mentioned at the outset which assures an exact positional positioning of a workpiece, in particular also on the workpiece support (Z-axis) good repeatability enables, where cumbersome re-measurement work should be omitted.

Die Lösung dieser Aufgabe ist im Kennzeichnungsteil des Hauptanspruches wiedergegeben.The solution to this problem is given in the labeling part of the main claim.

Ab Anlage des Werkstückes an dem durch die Spannfläche überstehenden Teil des Niederzugelementes bewegt sich dieses gleichzeitig mit der Spannbewegung nach unten zur Auflage hin, wobei das Werkstück mitgenommen bzw. durch Reibschluß entsprechend in diese Richtung kraftbeaufschlagt wird, bis schließlich die Spannbacken selbst mit ihren Spannflächen zur Anlage am Werkstück kommen und die Haltefunktion übernehmen.
Das Niederzugelement kann während der Verstellbewegung ausweichen und gelangt dann in der End-Positionierstellung des Werkstückes in eine innerhalb der Spannbacke liegende Endlage, so daß das Werkstück dann an der Spannfläche anliegt und von den Spannbacken gehalten wird.
From the point of contact of the workpiece on the part of the pull-down element protruding through the clamping surface, this moves simultaneously with the clamping movement downwards towards the support, the workpiece being taken along or being subjected to force in this direction by frictional engagement until finally the clamping jaws themselves with their clamping surfaces Come into contact with the workpiece and take over the holding function.
The pull-down element can dodge during the adjustment movement and then arrives in the end position of the workpiece in an end position lying within the clamping jaw, so that the workpiece then lies against the clamping surface and is held by the clamping jaws.

Eine bevorzugte Ausführungsform sieht vor, daß das Niederzugelement in einen schräg zur Werkstück-Auflage hin verlaufenden und sich längs zumindest über einen Teilabschnitt der Spannbacke erstreckenden, zur Spannfläche hin offenen Aufnahme-Schlitz eingesetzt ist, der der Spannfläche abgewandt als Lagerung und Halterung für das Niederzugelement ausgebildet ist und in der Nähe der Spannfläche eine Erweiterung für die Schwenkbewegung des Niederzugelementes aufweist.
In einen solchen Aufnahme-Schlitz kann das Niederzugelement auf einfache Weise eingesetzt werden und ist durch diese Unterbringung auch bei der üblichen Handhabung der Einspannvorrichtung nicht störend.
A preferred embodiment provides that the pull-down element is inserted into a receiving slot which runs obliquely to the workpiece support and extends longitudinally at least over a portion of the clamping jaw and is open towards the clamping surface and which faces away from the clamping surface as a bearing and holder for the pull-down element is formed and has an extension for the pivoting movement of the pull-down element in the vicinity of the clamping surface.
The pull-down element can be inserted into such a receiving slot in a simple manner and, due to this accommodation, is not disruptive even in the usual handling of the clamping device.

Vorzugsweise ist das Niederzugelement durch wenigstens eine Blattfeder gebildet, die vorzugsweise als ebenes Flachteil ausgebildet ist. Ein solches Niederzugelement ist besonders einfach herstellbar.The pull-down element is preferably formed by at least one leaf spring, which is preferably a flat flat part is trained. Such a pull-down element is particularly easy to manufacture.

Nach einer vorteilhaften Weiterbildung der Erfindung ist vorgesehen, daß der Aufnahme-Schlitz für das Niederzugelement in der Spannbacke einen zur Spannfläche gewölbten Verlauf zumindest seiner auflage-fernen Schlitzwand hat. Durch diese Wölbung des Aufnahme-Schlitzes wird eine in entspannter Lage flache bzw. ebene Blattfeder verformt und vorgespannt, so daß sie dementsprechend zumindest in der Nähe der Spannfläche an dieser Wölbungsaußenseite anliegt. Die Blattfeder nimmt somit unbelastet selbsttätig ihre Ausgangslage ein und ist gleichzeitig durch die Verformung auch in dem Schlitz verklemmt und damit gehalten.According to an advantageous development of the invention, it is provided that the receiving slot for the pull-down element in the clamping jaw has a curve arched to the clamping surface, at least of its slot wall remote from the support. This curvature of the receiving slot makes a flat one in a relaxed position or flat leaf spring deformed and preloaded, so that it rests accordingly at least in the vicinity of the clamping surface on this bulge outside. The leaf spring thus assumes its initial position automatically when not under load and is at the same time jammed in the slot by the deformation and thus held.

Zweckmäßigerweise sind an beiden Spannbacken, ggf. auch an zu einer Spannbacke gehörenden Teilbacken, Niederzugvorrichtungen vorgesehen. In vorteilhafter Weise wird dadurch das Werkstück bei beiden Spannflächen zur Auflage hin druckbeaufschlagt und damit exakt positioniert.Advantageously, pull-down devices are provided on both clamping jaws, possibly also on partial jaws belonging to a clamping jaw. Advantageously, the workpiece is pressurized towards the support on both clamping surfaces and thus precisely positioned.

Eine Weiterbildung der Erfindung sieht vor, daß die vorgesehene Spannbewegung der Spannbacken etwas größer ist als die Verstellbewegung des Niederzugelementes und daß dazu bei der bzw. den verstellbaren Spannbacken eine Zustelleinrichtung zum Verschieben der Spannbacke(n) an das Werkstück sowie eine vorzugsweise mit der Zustelleinrichtung kombinierte Spanneinrichtung für die Spannbewegung vorgesehen. Dadurch kann mit der bzw. den verstellbaren Spannbacken eine Zustellung bis an das Werkstück heran erfolgen und erst dann wird beim Festspannen die Niederzugvorrichtung zum Positionieren auf der Werkstück-Auflage aktiviert.A further development of the invention provides that the intended clamping movement of the clamping jaws is somewhat larger than the adjusting movement of the pull-down element and that, in the case of the adjustable clamping jaws, an infeed device for displacing the clamping jaw (s) on the workpiece and preferably combined with the infeed device Clamping device provided for the clamping movement. As a result, the adjustable clamping jaw (s) can be fed up to the workpiece and only then is the pull-down device activated for positioning on the workpiece support during clamping.

Zweckmäßigerweise weist die Grundplatte Koordinatenbohrungen zum Befestigen von festen Spannbacken od. dgl. Anschlägen und/oder zum Verbinden mit einer Grundspannplatte oder einem Werkzeugmaschinentisch auf. Die Einspannvorrichtung läßt sich dadurch insgesamt in der Art einer Palettenplatte bzw. einer Wechselplatte einsetzen, wobei die vorhandenen Koordinatenbohrungen beim Umsetzen dieser Grund- oder Palettenplatte für ein exaktes Positionieren dienen. Insgesamt wird auch dadurch die beim Einspannen des Werkstückes in der Spannvorrichtung erzielbare Positioniergenauigkeit beibehalten.The base plate expediently has coordinate bores for fastening fixed clamping jaws or similar stops and / or for connecting to a base clamping plate or a machine tool table. The clamping device can thus be used overall in the manner of a pallet plate or an interchangeable plate, the existing coordinate bores being used for exact positioning when moving this base plate or pallet plate. Overall, this also makes it possible to achieve the clamping device when clamping the workpiece Maintain positioning accuracy.

Zusätzliche Ausgestaltungen der Erfindung sind in den weiteren Unteransprüchen aufgeführt. Nachstehend ist die Erfindung mit ihren wesentlichen Einzelheiten anhand der Zeichnungen noch näher erläutert.Additional embodiments of the invention are listed in the further subclaims. The invention with its essential details is explained in more detail below with reference to the drawings.

Es zeigt:

Fig. 1
eine Seiten-Schnittansicht einer Einspannvorrichtung mit an einer Spannbacke befindlichen Niederzugvorrichtung,
Fig. 2
eine etwa Fig. 1 entsprechende Ansicht, hier jedoch mit eingespanntem Werkstück,
Fig. 3
eine vergrößerte Detail-Teilansicht im Bereich einer Niederzugvorrichtung mit angesetztem Werkstück,
Fig. 4
eine etwa Fig. 3 entsprechende Ansicht, hier jedoch mit festgespanntem Werkstück,
Fig. 5
eine Querschnitt-Darstellung einer Einspannvorrichtung mit eingespanntem Werkstück,
Fig. 6
eine Aufsicht der in Fig. 5 gezeigten Einspannvorrichtung ohne Werkstück sowie mit versetzter Spannbacke,
Fig. 7
eine abgewandelte Ausführungsform einer Einspannvorrichtung im Querschnitt und
Fig. 8
die in Fig. 7 gezeigte Einspannvorrichtung in Aufsicht.
It shows:
Fig. 1
2 shows a side sectional view of a clamping device with a pull-down device located on a clamping jaw,
Fig. 2
1 corresponding view, but here with the workpiece clamped,
Fig. 3
3 shows an enlarged detailed partial view in the area of a pull-down device with an attached workpiece,
Fig. 4
3, but here with the workpiece clamped,
Fig. 5
2 shows a cross-sectional illustration of a clamping device with a clamped workpiece,
Fig. 6
5 shows a top view of the clamping device shown in FIG. 5 without a workpiece and with an offset clamping jaw,
Fig. 7
a modified embodiment of a jig in cross section and
Fig. 8
the clamping device shown in Fig. 7 in supervision.

Eine in den Figuren gezeigte Einspannvorrichtung 1 dient zum Halten von Werkstücken 2. Diese sind dabei zwischen zwei in ihrem relativen Abstand zueinander verstellbaren Spannbacken 3 gehalten. Bevorzugt ist vorgesehen, daß eine der Spannbacken als feste Backe und die andere als bewegliche Backe ausgebildet ist.
Die Spannbacken 3 haben zueinander weisende Spannflächen 4 und im Ausführungsbeispiel sind auch einstückig damit verbundene Werkstück-Auflagen 5 vorgesehen.
A clamping device 1 shown in the figures is used to hold workpieces 2. These are held between two clamping jaws 3 which are adjustable in their relative distance from one another. It is preferably provided that one of the clamping jaws is designed as a fixed jaw and the other as a movable jaw.
The clamping jaws 3 have clamping surfaces 4 pointing towards one another and in the exemplary embodiment, workpiece supports 5 connected in one piece are also provided.

Beim Einspannen eines Werkstückes 2 wird dieses zwischen den Spannflächen 4 eingeklemmt und dabei durch die Lage der Spannbacken 3 auch entsprechend positioniert. Um nun eine exakte Positionierung auch in Richtung der Z-Achse mit spielfreier Anlage des Werkstückes auf entsprechenden Werkstück-Auflagen 5 zu erzielen, ist zumindest an einer der Spannflächen eine Niederzugvorrichtung 6 vorgesehen. Diese Niederzugvorrichtung 6 wird beim Einspannen des Werkstückes zwischen den beiden Spannbacken 3 von diesem Werkstück betätigt, wobei es durch eine aus der Spannbewegung abgeleiteten Niederzugkomponente gegen die Werkstück-Auflage 5 gezogen wird.
Die Niederzugvorrichtung 6 weist ein über die Spannfläche 4 überstehendes Niederzugelement 7 auf.
In den Figuren 1 bis 6 ist dieses Niederzugelement 7 durch eine Blattfeder 9 gebildet, die in Niederzugrichtung (vgl. Pfeil Pf 1 in Fig. 1) federnd nachgiebig ist und mit ihrem spannflächen-seitigen Ende schräg zu der Werkstück-Auflage 5 hin weist.
Ohne anliegendes Werkstück 2 (Fig. 1) steht das spannflächen-seitige Ende 12 über die Spannfläche 4 vor, wobei dieser Überstand wenige Zehntel Millimeter, z.B. 2/10 Millimeter betragen kann.
When clamping a workpiece 2, it is clamped between the clamping surfaces 4 and, due to the position of the clamping jaws 3, is also positioned accordingly. In order to achieve exact positioning in the direction of the Z-axis with play-free contact of the workpiece on corresponding workpiece supports 5, a pull-down device 6 is provided at least on one of the clamping surfaces. This pull-down device 6 is actuated by this workpiece when the workpiece is clamped between the two clamping jaws 3, it being pulled against the workpiece support 5 by a pull-down component derived from the clamping movement.
The pull-down device 6 has a pull-down element 7 which projects beyond the clamping surface 4.
In FIGS. 1 to 6, this pull-down element 7 is formed by a leaf spring 9, which is resilient in the pull-down direction (see arrow Pf 1 in FIG. 1) and with its end on the rake face side points obliquely towards the workpiece support 5.
Without a workpiece 2 lying thereon (FIG. 1), the end 12 on the rake face protrudes beyond the rake face 4, whereby this projection can be a few tenths of a millimeter, for example 2/10 millimeters.

Die Blattfeder 9 ist im Ausführungsbeispiel in einen schräg zur Werkstück-Auflage 5 hin verlaufenden und sich längs zumindest über einen Teilabschnitt der Spannbacke 3 erstreckenden Aufnahme-Schlitz 10 eingesetzt, der bei der Spannfläche 4 eine Austrittsöffnung hat. Bevorzugt ist dabei vorgesehen, daß dieser Aufnahme-Schlitz 10 einen zur Spannfläche 4 gewölbten Verlauf hat, wie dies in den Fig. 1 bis 4 gut erkennbar ist.
Ausgehend vom inneren Ende des Aufnahme-Schlitzes 10, verlaufen dessen Schlitzwände 13, 13a parallel und bilden in diesem, etwa über die Hälfte der Tiefe des Aufnahme-Schlitzes 10 verlaufenden Bereich eine Einspannhalterung für die Blattfeder 9.
Die untere bzw. die auflage-seitige Schlitzwand 13a hat im weiter außenliegenden Bereich einen größeren Abstand zu der anderen Schlitzwand 13, wobei dieser Abstand so bemessen ist, daß ein Freiraum 8 zum Einschwenken des äußeren Endes der Blattfeder 9 in die in Fig. 4 gezeigte Stellung vorhanden ist.
Die Blattfeder 9 ist vorzugsweise als in entspannter Lage ebenes Flachteil ausgebildet, welches nach dem Einsetzen in den gewölbten Aufnahme-Schlitz 10 entsprechend vorgespannt wird. In dieser Vorspannlage liegt die Blattfeder 9 an der Schlitzwand 13 an und das äußere Ende 12 ragt über die Spannfläche 4 vor. Der Schlitzgrund 24 bildet einen Verschiebeanschlag, so daß die Blattfeder 9 bei Beaufschlagung durch das Werkstück 2 gemäß dem Pfeil Pf 2 in Fig. 3 nicht längs verschoben werden kann. Es erfolgt deshalb zwangsläufig durch die schräge Anordnung des Federendes eine Abschwenkbewegung zu der Werkstück-Auflage 5 hin, wobei der Schwenkradius den auflage-seitigen Spannflächenabschnitt unterhalb des in Ruhestellung befindlichen Niederzugelementes 7 schneidet.
The leaf spring 9 is in the embodiment in an inclined to the workpiece support 5 and out longitudinally at least over a portion of the clamping jaw 3 extending receiving slot 10 is used, which has an outlet opening in the clamping surface 4. It is preferably provided that this receiving slot 10 has a curve curved to the clamping surface 4, as can be clearly seen in FIGS. 1 to 4.
Starting from the inner end of the receiving slot 10, its slot walls 13, 13a run parallel and form a clamping bracket for the leaf spring 9 in this area, which extends over approximately half the depth of the receiving slot 10.
The lower or the support-side diaphragm wall 13a has a greater distance from the other diaphragm wall 13 in the region located further outside, this distance being dimensioned such that a free space 8 for pivoting the outer end of the leaf spring 9 into that shown in FIG. 4 Position is present.
The leaf spring 9 is preferably designed as a flat flat part in a relaxed position, which is preloaded accordingly after insertion into the curved receiving slot 10. In this pretension position, the leaf spring 9 rests on the diaphragm wall 13 and the outer end 12 protrudes beyond the clamping surface 4. The slot base 24 forms a displacement stop, so that the leaf spring 9 cannot be moved longitudinally when it is acted upon by the workpiece 2 according to the arrow Pf 2 in FIG. 3. Therefore, due to the oblique arrangement of the spring end, there is a pivoting movement toward the workpiece support 5, the pivot radius intersecting the support-side clamping surface section below the pull-down element 7 which is in the rest position.

Da das vorstehende Ende 12 des Niederzugelementes 7 zunächst den Anlagepunkt für das Werkstück 2 bildet, macht auch das Werkstück 2 zwangsläufig die Niederzugbewegung mit und wird dabei gegen die Werkstück-Auflage 5 geführt. In Fig. 3 ist zur Verdeutlichung das Werkstück 2 mit geringfügigem Abstand zur Auflage 5 dargestellt. Beim Andrücken des Werkstückes 2 in Richtung zu der Spannfläche 4 (Pfeil Pf 2) wird das Werkstück bis zur exakten Anlage auf seiner Werkstück-Auflage 5 abgesenkt. Falls das Werkstück 2 beim Spannvorgang bereits auf der Auflage 5 aufliegt, erfolgt eine reibschlüssige Krafteinleitung in Richtung zu der Auflage hin, so daß sicher ein Abheben von der Auflage 5 verhindert wird.Man erreicht somit ein sicheres Positionieren des Werkstückes 2 auch in Z-Richtung zu der Auflage 5 hin. Wie bereits vorerwähnt, ist die Blattfeder 9 durch den gewölbten Verlauf des Schlitzes 1o vorgespannt, so daß ihr äußeres Ende 12 ohne äußere Belastung die in Fig. 3 gezeigte Lage einnimmt. Gleichzeitig ist die Blattfeder 9 auch in dem Schlitz 1o verspannt und dadurch auch auf einfache Weise gehalten. Diese Halterung hat noch den weiteren Vorteil, daß auch unterschiedlich dicke Blattfedern 9 eingesetzt werden können und dabei genügend gehalten werden. In Fig. 3 ist strichliniert eine dünnere Feder eingezeichnet. Dadurch besteht die Möglichkeit, daß je nach gewünschter Niederzugkraft unterschiedliche Blattfedern od. dgl. Niederzugelemente eingesetzt werden können. In praktischen Versuchen hat sich gezeigt, daß die lamellenartige Blattfeder 9 bei kleineren Spannvorrichtungen eine Dicke von etwa 0,1 mm bis etwa 1 mm haben kann, wobei in einem Versuchsaufbau eine Blattfeder mit 0,2 mm Dicke eingesetzt wurde. Bei größeren z.B. hydraulisch spannenden Vorrichtungen kann die Dicke der Blattfeder od. dgl. auch mehrere z.B. 2, 3, 4 oder 5 mm betragen. Die Federkraft kann auch durch den freien, über die Einspannlänge vorstehenden Überstand der Feder beeinflußt werden. Je nach Größe des über die Spannfläche 4 vorstehenden Überstandes des Niederzugelementes 7 in Ausgangslage, ergibt sich auch der Hub in Niederzugrichtung. Bei der in Fig. 1 bis 4 gezeigten Anordnung würde sich bei einem Überstand von etwa 2/1o Millimetern ein Niederzughub von etwa 2/1o bis 3/1o Millimetern ergeben. Wie vorerwähnt, könnte jedoch der Niederzughub des Überstandes entsprechend vergrößert werden.Since the protruding end 12 of the pull-down element 7 initially forms the contact point for the workpiece 2, the workpiece 2 also necessarily performs the pull-down movement and is guided against the workpiece support 5. In 3 shows the workpiece 2 at a slight distance from the support 5 for clarification. When pressing the workpiece 2 in the direction of the clamping surface 4 (arrow Pf 2), the workpiece is lowered to its exact support on its workpiece support 5. If the workpiece 2 is already resting on the support 5 during the clamping process, frictional force is applied towards the support, so that it is safely prevented from being lifted off the support 5, thus ensuring that the workpiece 2 is safely positioned in the Z direction to edition 5. As already mentioned, the leaf spring 9 is biased by the curved course of the slot 10, so that its outer end 12 assumes the position shown in FIG. 3 without external stress. At the same time, the leaf spring 9 is also clamped in the slot 10 and is therefore also held in a simple manner. This holder has the further advantage that leaf springs 9 of different thicknesses can be used and are held sufficiently. In Fig. 3, a thinner spring is shown in dashed lines. This makes it possible for different leaf springs or the like. Pull-down elements to be used depending on the desired pull-down force. Practical tests have shown that the lamellar leaf spring 9 can have a thickness of approximately 0.1 mm to approximately 1 mm in the case of smaller clamping devices, a leaf spring with a thickness of 0.2 mm being used in an experimental setup. In the case of larger, for example hydraulically exciting devices, the thickness of the leaf spring or the like can also be several, for example 2, 3, 4 or 5 mm. The spring force can also be influenced by the free projection of the spring protruding over the clamping length. Depending on the size of the protrusion of the pull-down element 7 projecting beyond the clamping surface 4, the stroke in the pull-down direction also results. In the arrangement shown in FIGS. 1 to 4, a pull-down stroke of approximately 2/10 to 3/10 millimeters would result from a protrusion of approximately 2/10 millimeters. As mentioned above, however, the pull-down stroke of the supernatant could be increased accordingly.

Die Blattfeder 9 kann sich über die gesamte Länge einer Spannbacke 3 erstrecken, wobei eine ihrer Längskanten als äußeres Ende 12 über die Spannfläche 4 vorsteht. Dabei ist es zweckmäßig, wenn der Aufnahme-Schlitz 10 an seinen seitlichen Enden randoffen ausgebildet ist, so daß dann auch von diesen Seiten die Blattfeder 9 einsetzbar ist. Andererseits kann diese Blattfeder aber auch von der Spannfläche 4 her in den Schlitz 10 eingeschoben werden. Weiterhin besteht die Möglichkeit, daß in Längsrichtung der Spannbacke 3 mehrere Niederzugelemente 7 in Reihe angeordnet sind.The leaf spring 9 can extend over the entire length of a clamping jaw 3, one of its longitudinal edges projecting beyond the clamping surface 4 as the outer end 12. It is expedient if the receiving slot 10 is formed open at the edges at its lateral ends, so that the leaf spring 9 can then also be used from these sides. On the other hand, this leaf spring can also be inserted into the slot 10 from the clamping surface 4. There is also the possibility that several pull-down elements 7 are arranged in series in the longitudinal direction of the clamping jaw 3.

Die Niederzugvorrichtung 6 kann sowohl an der festen als auch an der beweglichen Spannbacke angeordnet sein. Bevorzugt ist vorgesehen, daß an beiden Backen solche Niederzugvorrichtungen 6 vorgesehen sind.The pull-down device 6 can be arranged both on the fixed and on the movable clamping jaw. It is preferably provided that such pull-down devices 6 are provided on both jaws.

Fig. 6 zeigt eine Einspannvorrichtung, bei der eine feste, längs durchgehende Spannbacke 3 und auf der gegenüberliegenden Seite eine aus mehreren Teil-Spannbacken 3a, 3b gebildete, bewegliche Spannbacke vorgesehen ist. Hierbei ist auch erkennbar, daß diese Teil-Spannbacken nicht nur in ihrer Längserstreckung, sondern auch in ihrem Spannabstand unterschiedlich ausgebildet sein können, um entsprechend mit Ausnehmungen versehene Werkstücke einspannen zu können. Auch die Teil-Spannbacken 3a, 3b können jeweils mit Niederzugvorrichtungen 6 versehen sein.6 shows a clamping device in which a fixed, longitudinally continuous clamping jaw 3 and on the opposite side a movable clamping jaw formed from a plurality of partial clamping jaws 3a, 3b are provided. It can also be seen here that these partial clamping jaws can be designed differently not only in their longitudinal extent, but also in their clamping distance in order to be able to clamp workpieces provided with recesses accordingly. The partial clamping jaws 3a, 3b can each be provided with pull-down devices 6.

Insbesondere in Fig. 5 und auch in Fig. 6 bis 8 sind Einspannvorrichtungen 1 gezeigt, bei denen die eigentliche Spannbewegung der Spannbacken 3 auf die Verstellbewegung des oder der Niederzugelemente 7 abgestimmt ist. Insbesondere ist hierbei die Spannbewegung der Spannbacken etwas größer als die Verstellbewegung des Niederzugelementes. Die Einspannvorrichtungen 1 weisen dazu für die beweglichen Spannbacken 3 eine kombinierte Zustell- und Spanneinrichtung 14 auf. Durch die Zustelleinrichtung können die beweglichen Spannbacken 3 bis an das Werkstück herangefahren werden, wobei dann dieses Werkstück an den Niederzugelementen 7 der Spannbacken 3 anliegt. Der anschließende Spannvorgang bewirkt dann nur noch einen sehr geringen Verstellweg der Spannbacken, innerhalb von dem auch die Niederzugbewegung der Blattfedern 9 od. dgl. erfolgt.
Die Zustell- und Spanneinrichtung 14 hat an der oder den beweglichen Spannbacken angreifende Spannschrauben 15 (vgl. Fig. 5 und 7), welche die beweglichen Spannbacken durchgreifen und schräg in Spannrichtung verlaufend Verschiebeschlitze 16 in einer zur Einspannvorrichtung 1 gehörenden Grundplatte 17 durchgreifen und rückseitig dieser Grundplatte 17 in längsverstellbare Rastklötze 18 eingeschraubt sind. Für diese Rastklötze 18 sind längs der Verschiebeschlitze 16 unterseitig an der Grundplatte 17 durch eine Rastprofilierung 21 gebildete Rastfelder vorgesehen. Die Rastklötze 18 weisen auf ihrer der Grundplatte 17 zugewandten Seite eine entsprechende Gegenprofilierung auf, die in die Rastprofilierung 21 an der Grundplatte 17 eingreift. Die Spannschrauben 15 lassen sich soweit lockern, daß die Rastprofilierung außer Eingriff kommt, so daß dann die Rastklötze längs der Verschiebeschlitze 16 verstellt werden können. Ist durch dieses Grobeinstellen die eigentliche Spannstellung etwa mit Anlage der Spannbacken an dem Werkstück erreicht, werden die Spannschrauben 15 angezogen, wobei die Rastklötze 18 durch Eingriff in die Rastprofilierung 21 fixiert werden und durch weiteres Anziehen der Spannschrauben erfolgt dann die Spannverschiebung der beweglichen Spannbacken 3. Dieser Verschiebeweg ist vergleichsweise klein und kann je nach Teilung der Rastprofilierung 21 entsprechend diesem Teilungsabstand oder geringer bemessen sein. Beispielsweise können Spannwege von 0,5 bis 2 mm vorgesehen sein.
Die in den beweglichen Spannbacken befindlichen schrägen Durchgangsbohrungen für die Spannschrauben 15 sind so bemessen, daß die Spannschrauben ein gewisses Kippbewegungsspiel haben, da sie sich beim Spannen der Backen etwas schräg stellen. Außerdem sind kopfseitig Kugelscheiben untergelegt. Wegen dieser geringfügigen Schrägstellung ist zweckmäßigerweise die Rastprofilierung 21 und die entsprechende Gegenprofilierung der Rastklötze 18 mit gerundeten Flanken ausgebildet, um bei der Kippbewegung sonst auf die Spannschrauben übertragene Querkräfte fernzuhalten.
In Fig. 5 ist ein Werkstück 2 eingespannt und zur Verdeutlichung ist die bewegliche Spannbacke auch noch in einer anderen Verschiebeposition angedeutet. In dieser Figur ist auch gut erkennbar, daß das Werkstück 2 auf einstückig mit den Spannbacken 3 verbundenen Auflagen 5 aufliegt. Diese Auflagen sind hier durch entsprechende Vorsprünge unterhalb der Spannflächen 4 gebildet.
In particular in FIG. 5 and also in FIGS. 6 to 8, clamping devices 1 are shown, in which the actual clamping movement of the clamping jaws 3 is matched to the adjusting movement of the pull-down element or elements 7. In particular, the clamping movement of the clamping jaws is somewhat larger than the adjusting movement of the pull-down element. For this purpose, the clamping devices 1 have a combined feed and clamping device 14 for the movable clamping jaws 3. By the delivery device The movable jaws 3 can be moved up to the workpiece, this workpiece then resting on the pull-down elements 7 of the jaws 3. The subsequent clamping process then causes only a very small adjustment path of the clamping jaws, within which the pull-down movement of the leaf springs 9 or the like also takes place.
The feed and clamping device 14 has clamping screws 15 (see FIGS. 5 and 7) which engage on the movable clamping jaw (s) and which pass through the movable clamping jaws and pass through slits 16 extending obliquely in the clamping direction in a base plate 17 belonging to the clamping device 1 and on the back thereof Base plate 17 are screwed into longitudinally adjustable locking blocks 18. For these locking blocks 18, locking fields formed by a locking profile 21 are provided on the underside of the base plate 17 along the sliding slots 16. The locking blocks 18 have a corresponding counter-profile on their side facing the base plate 17, which engages in the locking profile 21 on the base plate 17. The clamping screws 15 can be loosened to such an extent that the locking profiling disengages, so that the locking blocks can then be adjusted along the sliding slots 16. If the actual clamping position is reached with this rough adjustment, for example with the clamping jaws resting on the workpiece, the clamping screws 15 are tightened, the locking blocks 18 are fixed by engagement with the locking profile 21 and the clamping displacement of the movable clamping jaws 3 is then carried out by further tightening of the clamping screws. This displacement path is comparatively small and, depending on the division of the latching profile 21, can be dimensioned according to this division distance or less. For example, clamping paths of 0.5 to 2 mm can be provided.
The oblique through bores for the clamping screws 15 located in the movable clamping jaws are dimensioned in such a way that that the clamping screws have a certain amount of play in the tilting movement, since they are slightly inclined when the jaws are clamped. In addition, spherical washers are placed under the head. Because of this slight inclination, the locking profile 21 and the corresponding counter-profile of the locking blocks 18 are expediently formed with rounded flanks in order to keep transverse forces otherwise transmitted to the tensioning screws away during the tilting movement.
A workpiece 2 is clamped in FIG. 5 and, for clarification, the movable clamping jaw is also indicated in another displacement position. It can also be clearly seen in this figure that the workpiece 2 rests on supports 5 which are integrally connected to the clamping jaws 3. These conditions are formed here by corresponding projections below the clamping surfaces 4.

Um die Einspannvorrichtung 1 mit der Unterseite ihrer Grundplatte 17 flach auf eine Haltevorrichtung, z.B. eine in Fig. 7 angedeutete Grundspannplatte 25 oder auch auf einen Werkzeugmaschinentisch aufsetzen zu können, ist im Bereich der Rastprofilierungen 21 eine Einsenkung 19 (Fig. 5 und 7) vorgesehen, deren Tiefe zur Aufnahme der Rastklötze 18 bemessen ist.Around the clamping device 1 with the underside of its base plate 17 flat on a holding device, e.g. To be able to place a base plate 25 indicated in FIG. 7 or also on a machine tool table, a depression 19 (FIGS. 5 and 7) is provided in the area of the locking profiles 21, the depth of which is dimensioned to accommodate the locking blocks 18.

Für eine exakte Lagepositionierung der festen Spannbacke 3 (vgl. Fig. 5 und 6) sind in dieser festen Backe sowie in der Grundplatte 17 Passbohrungen 22 vorgesehen, in die Stifte oder vorzugsweise Expansionsdorne eingesetzt werden können. Durch diese wird zunächst eine exakte Lageposition der festen Spannbacke erreicht. Diese Position wird dann durch Halteschrauben 26 gesichert.
Die Grundplatte 17 (Fig. 6) weist Befestigungsstellen für zwei Positionen der festen Spannbacke 3 auf. Gegebenenfalls können auch noch Befestigungsstellen für mehr unterschiedliche Lagepositionen der Spannbacke 3 vorgesehen sein.
For an exact position positioning of the fixed clamping jaw 3 (see FIGS. 5 and 6), 17 fitting bores 22 are provided in this fixed jaw and in the base plate, into which pins or preferably expansion mandrels can be inserted. Through this, an exact position of the fixed jaw is first achieved. This position is then secured by retaining screws 26.
The base plate 17 (FIG. 6) has fastening points for two positions of the fixed clamping jaw 3. If necessary, attachment points can also be provided for more different positions of the clamping jaw 3.

Fig. 7 und 8 zeigen noch eine etwas abgewandelte Halterung für die feste Spannbacke 3, wobei hier anstatt von Passbohrungen 22 in der Grundplatte 17 Nuten 27 für unterschiedliche Positionen der festen Spannbacke 3 und an dieser entsprechende Längs-Federn 28 zum Eingreifen in die Nut 27 vorgesehen sind. Auch hierbei erfolgt die Befestigung der Spannbacke 3 mit Halteschrauben 26.7 and 8 show a somewhat modified holder for the fixed clamping jaw 3, wherein here instead of fitting bores 22 in the base plate 17 grooves 27 for different positions of the fixed clamping jaw 3 and on this corresponding longitudinal springs 28 for engaging in the groove 27 are provided. Here, too, the clamping jaw 3 is fastened with retaining screws 26.

Mit 29 ist in den Fig. 5 und 6 noch ein Längsanschlag bezeichnet, welcher fußseitig einen unter den Auflage-Vorsprung der Spannbacke 3 eingreifenden Führungsvorsprung aufweist und dadurch bereits in seiner jeweiligen Position gut gehalten ist. Die Spannbacke 3 weist unterhalb ihrer Spannfläche 4 eine Reihe von Gewindebohrungen auf, in die Befestigungsschrauben 30 des Längsanschlages 29 eingeschraubt werden können. Der Längsanschlag kann dadurch an praktisch beliebiger Position längs der festen Spannbacke 3 angebracht werden. Er weist weiterhin noch eine Stellschraube 31 zur Feineinstellung der Längsanschlagposition auf.5 and 6, a longitudinal stop is also indicated in FIGS. 5 and 6, which on the foot side has a guide projection which engages under the support projection of the clamping jaw 3 and is therefore already well held in its respective position. The clamping jaw 3 has below its clamping surface 4 a series of threaded bores into which the fastening screws 30 of the longitudinal stop 29 can be screwed. The longitudinal stop can thus be attached at virtually any position along the fixed jaw 3. It also has an adjusting screw 31 for fine adjustment of the longitudinal stop position.

Fig. 7 zeigt noch eine abgewandelte Ausführungsform einer Niederzugvorrichtung 6a, bei der das Niederzugelement 7a durch ein Teil der Spannbacke 3 gebildet ist, welches etwas über die Spannfläche 4 vorsteht und durch einen schrägen Längsschlitz, der zur Spannfläche 4 hin randoffen ist, bereichsweise von dem übrigen Spannbackenkörper getrennt ist. Bei Beaufschlagung des vorstehenden Teiles durch ein Werkstück 2 schwenkt auch dieses durch seine Schrägstellung nach unten ein und nimmt dabei das anliegende Werkstück nach unten mit bzw. beaufschlagt dieses in Richtung zu der Auflage 5.
Die erfindungsgemäße Niederzugvorrichtung 6 bzw. 6a läßt sich auch noch in verschiedenen anderen Ausführungsformen realisieren, wobei das Niederzugelement auch an einem Schwenkgelenk angebracht sein kann, welches andererseits mit dem Spannbacken-Körper verbunden ist.
Fig. 7 shows a modified embodiment of a pull-down device 6a, in which the pull-down element 7a is formed by a part of the clamping jaw 3, which protrudes slightly above the clamping surface 4 and by an oblique longitudinal slot, which is open at the edge towards the clamping surface 4, in regions thereof remaining jaw body is separated. When the projecting part is acted upon by a workpiece 2, this also swivels downward due to its inclined position and thereby takes the adjacent workpiece downward or acts on it in the direction of the support 5.
The pull-down device 6 or 6a according to the invention can also be implemented in various other embodiments, wherein the pull-down element can also be attached to a swivel joint, which on the other hand is connected to the jaw body.

Zum Verbinden der Einspannvorrichtung 1 mit einem Werkzeugmaschinentisch oder einer anderen Unterlage, z.B. auch einer Grundspannplatte 25 (vgl. Fig. 7) eines Palettensystems, sind in der Grundplatte 17 Koordinatenbohrungen 20 vorgesehen. Über diese Koordinatenbohrungen, die mit entsprechenden Bohrungen in einer Grundspannplatte 25 oder einem Maschinentisch übereinstimmen, ist ein exaktes Positionieren und Halten über Expansionsdorne möglich. Die Einspannvorrichtung kann dadurch schnell und positionsgenau mit einer entsprechenden Unterlage verbunden werden. Mittels abgesetzter Stifte ist auch eine Lagefixierung der Einspannvorrichtung 1 in den T-Nuten einer Bearbeitungsmaschine möglich.To connect the jig 1 to a machine tool table or other base, e.g. also a base plate 25 (see FIG. 7) of a pallet system, 17 coordinate bores 20 are provided in the base plate. Via these coordinate bores, which correspond to corresponding bores in a base plate 25 or a machine table, an exact positioning and holding via expansion mandrels is possible. The clamping device can thus be quickly and precisely connected to a corresponding base. By means of stepped pins it is also possible to fix the position of the clamping device 1 in the T-slots of a processing machine.

Die erfindungsgemäße Einspannvorrichtung 1 läßt sich allgemein zum Halten von Werkstücken bei einer spanabhebenden Bearbeitung einsetzen. Wegen der hohen Positioniergenauigkeit und auch Wiederholgenauigkeit ist besonders gut auch ein Einsatz bei der Herstellung von Formplatten, Formkernen und dergleichen, Auswerferplatten, Erodierelektroden usw. möglich.
Die Niederzugvorrichtung 6 kann auch in einem separaten Backenteil angebracht sein, welches auch noch nachträglich am vorhandenen Spannbacken anbringbar ist.
The clamping device 1 according to the invention can generally be used to hold workpieces during machining. Because of the high positioning accuracy and also repeatability, use in the production of mold plates, mold cores and the like, ejector plates, eroding electrodes, etc. is particularly possible.
The pull-down device 6 can also be mounted in a separate jaw part, which can also be retrofitted to the existing clamping jaws.

Die Figur 5 zeigt noch ein die Spannschraube 15 jeweils seitlich etwa in Vorschubrichtung der beweglichen Spannbacke druckbeaufschlagendes Druckstück 32, durch welches die Spannschraube in gelöster Lage einseitig an der Durchgangsbohrung anliegt. Es ergibt sich dadurch eine definierte Ausgangslage der Spannschraube, so daß der zur Verfügung stehende Kippspielraum in der Durchgangsbohrung voll ausgenützt werden kann. Der maximale Spannweg kann dadurch vergleichsweise klein sein und damit auch die Kippbewegung in Grenzen gehalten werden. Wird die bewegliche Spannbacke bis an das festzuspannende Werkstück herangefahren, so muß ab dieser Stellung der Niederzugweg des oder der Niederzugvorrichtungen 6 und anschließend auch der eigentliche Spannweg überbrückt werden. Dazu muß der vergleichsweise geringe Spannweg der Spanneinrichtung 14 ausreichen. Durch das Druckstück nimmt die Spannschraube und auch der damit verbundene Rastklotz 18 vor dem Spannvorgang die jeweils am weitesten in Spannrichtung vorne liegende Lage ein, so daß der volle Spannweg anschließend zur Verfügung steht.FIG. 5 also shows a pressure piece 32 which presses the tensioning screw 15 laterally approximately in the feed direction of the movable clamping jaw, through which the tensioning screw rests on one side in the loosened position against the through hole. This results in a defined starting position of the clamping screw, so that the available tipping latitude in the through hole can be fully utilized. The maximum span can thus be comparatively small and the tilting movement can thus be kept within limits. If the movable clamping jaw is moved up to the workpiece to be clamped, the pull-down path of the pull-down device or devices 6 and then also the actual clamping path must be bridged from this position. For this, the comparatively small span of the tensioning device 14 must be sufficient. By means of the pressure piece, the tensioning screw and also the locking block 18 connected therewith take up the position lying furthest forward in the tensioning direction before the tensioning process, so that the full tensioning path is subsequently available.

Das Druckstück hat ein Außengewinde, mit dem es in eine Gewindebohrung 33 in der beweglichen Spannbacke 3 einschraubbar ist. An seinem der Spannschraube 15 zugewandten Ende steht aus dem Druckstück 32 ein gefederter, die Schraube seitlich beaufschlagender Druckstift 34 vor.The pressure piece has an external thread with which it can be screwed into a threaded bore 33 in the movable clamping jaw 3. At its end facing the clamping screw 15, a spring-loaded pressure pin 34 protrudes from the pressure piece 32.

Claims (23)

  1. A clamping device (1) for holding workpieces (2), including clamping jaws (3) which are adjustable in distance relative to each other and have clamping surfaces (4) facing each other, and further including a work support (5), provided at no less than one of the clamping surfaces (4) there being a drawing-down appliance (6) which is displaceable by the workpiece (2) to be clamped and is adapted to be acted upon in the clamping direction, said drawing-down appliance having a drawing-down element (7) which projects beyond the clamping surface (4) and through said displacing movement is simultaneously movable towards the support (5), said drawing-down element (7) being constituted by an approximately strip-like member which is springy approximately in the drawing-down direction and points slantwise towards the work support (5), and said member and a slot (10) for receiving said member constituting the drawing-down element (7) in the clamping jaw (3) having at the clamping surface (4) a direction of exit pointing slantwise towards the work support, characterized in that in the direction of offswing of, and adjacent to, the drawing-down element (7) a clearance (8) is provided at least to receive the drawing-down element (7) portion which in the no-load condition projects beyond the clamping surface (4) of the clamping jaw, and that in the area of the clamping surface (4) the width of the slot is larger than in the rearward bedding area so as to form the clearance (8) for movement of that end of the drawing-down element (7) which is in the direction of the clamping surface (4).
  2. A clamping device as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that the displacing movement is a swing movement, with an outer turning radius which intersects the clamping surface in the direction of the support and beneath the drawing-down appliance (6).
  3. A clamping device as claimed in claim 1 or claim 2, characterized in that the drawing-down element (7) is positioned in a receiving slot (10) which shows an oblique development to the work support (5) and extends lengthwise at least over a section of the clamping jaw(s) (3) and is open towards the clamping surface (4), averted from the clamping surface (4) said receiving slot taking the form of a bedding and support for the drawing-down element (7) and near the clamping surface (4) said receiving slot having an enlargement (8) for the swing movement of the drawing-down element (7).
  4. A clamping device as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the drawing-down element (7) is constituted by at least one leaf spring which preferably takes the form of a plane flat member.
  5. A clamping device as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that the lamellar leaf spring (9) is devised to run approximately over the length of the clamping jaw (3) and that preferably one of the longitudinal edges (12) of said leaf spring projects beyond the clamping surface (4).
  6. A clamping device as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that the slot (10) for receiving the drawing-down element (7) in the clamping jaw (3) has at least its wall (13) remote from the support taking a curved course towards the clamping surface (4).
  7. A clamping device as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that the lamellar leaf spring (9) has a thickness of about 0.1 mm to for example about 5 mm, preferably of 0.1 mm to 0.5 mm, particularly 0.2 mm or 0.3 mm and that the width of the slot is dimensioned at least in corrrespondence with the thickest leaf spring.
  8. A clamping device as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that the length to which the drawing-down element (7) projects beyond the clamping surface (4) is a few tenths of a millimetre in the no-load condition.
  9. A clamping device as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that the offswing towards the support (5) taking place when the drawing-down element (7) is acted upon by a workpiece is a few tenths of a millimetre.
  10. A clamping device as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 9, characterized in that drawing-down appliances (6) are provided at both clamping jaws (3), possibly also at sectional jaws belonging to a clamping jaw.
  11. A clamping device as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 10, characterized in that the work supports (5) are provided on the clamping jaws (3), preferably integrally therewith.
  12. A clamping device as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 11, characterized in that a plurality of drawing-down appliances (6) are seriated in the longitudinal direction of the clamping jaw (3).
  13. A clamping device as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 12, characterized in that the slot or slots (10) for receiving the leaf spring(s) (9) is (are) open-ended at its (their) lateral extremities.
  14. A clamping device as claimed in any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the drawing-down element (7) is constituted by an element connected to the clamping jaw body preferably integrally, possibly via a swivel joint.
  15. A clamping device as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 14, characterized in that the envisaged clamping movement of the clamping jaws (3) is somewhat larger than the displacing movement of the drawing-down element (7) and that for this purpose the adjustable clamping jaw (s) (3) is (are) provided with a feed device for moving the clamping jaw(s) to the workpiece (2), as well as with a clamping device, preferably combined with the feed device, for the clamping movement.
  16. A clamping device as claimed in claim 15, characterized in that the feed and clamping device (14) has clamping bolts (15) passing through the clamping jaw (s) (3) slantwise in the clamping direction, said clamping bolts passing through slideways (16) which are situated in a base plate (17) and are oriented in the clamping direction, and in the rear being screwed into longitudinally adjustable locating blocks (18).
  17. A clamping device as claimed in claim 15 or claim 16, characterized in that along the slideways (16) the base plate (17) is provided on the underside with locating areas formed by a locating profiling (21) for the locating blocks (18) presenting a mating profiling, and that the locating profiling preferably has a spacing of about 1.5 mm.
  18. A clamping device as claimed in claim 17, charactzerized in that the locating profiling (21) has radiused flanks.
  19. A clamping device as claimed in any one of claims 15 to 18, characterized in that the clamping bolts (15) have clearance for tilting motion in the clamping jaw (3).
  20. A clamping device as claimed in any one of claims 15 to 19, characterized in that the base plate (17) has one or a plurality of depressions (19) in the region of the locating areas, the depth of said depressions corresponding at least to the height of the locating blocks (18).
  21. A clamping device as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 20, characterized in that the base plate (17) has fitting holes (22) and/or coordinate holes (20) for fixing stationary clamping jaws or like stops and/or for joining to a base clamping plate or machine tool table.
  22. A clamping device as claimed in any one or more of claims 1 to 21, characterized in that the drawing-down appliance is arranged in a separate jaw portion connect able to a clamping jaw.
  23. A clamping device as claimed in any one or more of claims 1 to 22, characterized in that the clamping bolt(s) (15) passing through the movable clamping jaw is (are) laterally pressurized approximately in the direction of clamping feed of the clamping jaw, and that for this purpose in particular at least one spring-loaded pressure member (32) is provided which is adapted to be screwed into a tapped hole (33) arranged crosswise to the through-hole for the clamping bolt.
EP89118202A 1988-10-04 1989-09-30 Clamping device Expired - Lifetime EP0362753B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE3833742A DE3833742A1 (en) 1988-10-04 1988-10-04 CLAMPING DEVICE
DE3833742 1988-10-04

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0362753A1 EP0362753A1 (en) 1990-04-11
EP0362753B1 true EP0362753B1 (en) 1993-06-09

Family

ID=6364360

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP89118202A Expired - Lifetime EP0362753B1 (en) 1988-10-04 1989-09-30 Clamping device

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EP (1) EP0362753B1 (en)
DE (2) DE3833742A1 (en)

Cited By (1)

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DE102015103531B3 (en) * 2015-03-11 2016-08-04 Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin Für Materialien Und Energie Gmbh Hold-down clamps

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US5019129A (en) * 1990-07-18 1991-05-28 Lars Johanson Workpiece holding system
DE4329372A1 (en) * 1993-09-01 1995-03-02 Manfred Schanz Clamping device for holding workpieces
DE10345629B4 (en) * 2003-09-29 2007-11-08 Wimmer Gmbh Device for clamping a non-elastic component
DE502005011222D1 (en) 2005-09-07 2011-05-19 3R Syst Int Ab Flexible jaw for a vice
DE102017121286C5 (en) 2017-09-14 2023-06-22 Schunk Gmbh & Co. Kg Spann- Und Greiftechnik clamping jaw
CN107639184B (en) * 2017-10-27 2024-01-16 昆山迈征自动化科技有限公司 Cable shearing device
CN114800403A (en) * 2022-03-15 2022-07-29 安徽荣盛精密科技有限责任公司 Clamping device is used in processing of accurate accessories
DE102022109309B3 (en) 2022-04-14 2023-05-04 Rüdiger Schenke pull-down clamps

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US2411059A (en) * 1944-12-26 1946-11-12 Rubenstein Charles Work hold-down device
DE843341C (en) * 1947-03-24 1952-07-07 Walter Haas Clamping device for holding workpieces
DE821178C (en) * 1949-12-02 1951-11-15 Bernhard Nienkemper Jaws for vices and machine tools
CH283847A (en) * 1950-08-17 1952-06-30 Schenk Max Machine parallel vice
US2760535A (en) * 1952-09-08 1956-08-28 Mertz David Threaded stud and nut actuated quick-set clamp
US2728251A (en) * 1954-06-08 1955-12-27 Sheffield Twist Drill & Steel Improved vise having jaws movable downwardly when clamping a workpiece
US2806411A (en) * 1956-08-31 1957-09-17 William O Backman Hold-down unit for clamping devices
DE1283169B (en) * 1964-09-25 1968-11-14 Franz Arnold Machine vice with deep clamping jaws
DE1301765B (en) * 1966-02-11 1969-08-21 Gressel Ag Aadorf Deep clamping jaw for vices
DE2227917A1 (en) * 1972-06-08 1973-12-20 Alexander Rudolf Winkler PARALLEL VICE WITH CLAMPING DEVICE
DE2447243B2 (en) * 1974-10-03 1976-11-25 Prewo, Willi, 7126 Sersheim LOW-DRAFT WORKPIECE CLAMPING DEVICE, IN PARTICULAR LOW-DRAFT MACHINE VICE
DE3043606C2 (en) * 1980-11-19 1983-05-26 Gerhard 7990 Friedrichshafen Arnold Clamping device, especially a vice

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE102015103531B3 (en) * 2015-03-11 2016-08-04 Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin Für Materialien Und Energie Gmbh Hold-down clamps

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
EP0362753A1 (en) 1990-04-11
DE58904620D1 (en) 1993-07-15
DE3833742A1 (en) 1990-04-05

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