EP0357712B1 - Breech mechanism for a gun - Google Patents

Breech mechanism for a gun Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0357712B1
EP0357712B1 EP19890901962 EP89901962A EP0357712B1 EP 0357712 B1 EP0357712 B1 EP 0357712B1 EP 19890901962 EP19890901962 EP 19890901962 EP 89901962 A EP89901962 A EP 89901962A EP 0357712 B1 EP0357712 B1 EP 0357712B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
wedge
stroke
breech
shaped insert
insert
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
EP19890901962
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP0357712A1 (en
Inventor
Karl-Egon Janssen
Heinz-Günter Breuer
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Rheinmetall Industrie AG
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Rheinmetall GmbH
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Publication date
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Publication of EP0357712A1 publication Critical patent/EP0357712A1/en
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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F41—WEAPONS
    • F41A—FUNCTIONAL FEATURES OR DETAILS COMMON TO BOTH SMALLARMS AND ORDNANCE, e.g. CANNONS; MOUNTINGS FOR SMALLARMS OR ORDNANCE
    • F41A3/00—Breech mechanisms, e.g. locks
    • F41A3/02—Block action, i.e. the main breech opening movement being transverse to the barrel axis
    • F41A3/10—Block action, i.e. the main breech opening movement being transverse to the barrel axis with sliding breech-block, e.g. vertically

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a breech mechanism for a barrel weapon according to the preamble of patent claim 1.
  • this locking wedge does not allow to use instead of the steel eyelet ring elastically deformable ring eyelids with high plastic contents, as are known for example from US Pat. No. 1,460,683, because of the simultaneous radial and axial directions of movement of the locking wedge and one for prestressing the elastically deformable Ringlid réelle necessary larger sealing stroke a sealing wedge promoting the seal wear is possible.
  • US-PS 14 60 683 known sealing ring can also not achieve a sealing effect with a long service life in such an application, because the elastically deformable sealing ring can evade due to a lack of support on the inside towards the cargo area.
  • a falling wedge lock in which the locking wedge has a locking part in obliquely arranged guide grooves.
  • the breech member is initially carried along by the breech during the downward movement of the breech block, but is then prevented from moving further downward by a ramp arranged in a fixed manner in the weapon housing and finally pushed into the tube in the axial direction by means of an oblique boundary surface of the guide groove.
  • the closure part has an annular circumferential sealing lip on its peripheral surface facing the tube.
  • the invention enables the wedge-shaped insert to be synchronized with the locking wedge in a confined space, in particular in the case of a locking mechanism with a lifting wedge.
  • the comparatively large mass of the locking block can be driven in a manner known per se without any significant change to the drive system, the mass of the wedge-shaped insert to be controlled remaining low and not requiring its own drive means. This and because the deflection of the movement of the wedge-shaped insert can also take place without interrupting the movement of the locking block and nevertheless a stable and secure support is ensured, an operation with high cadence is made possible.
  • the locking mechanism according to the invention guarantees through the exclusively axial movement of the wedge-shaped insert a defined preload of a highly elastic seal and thereby a secure and permanent sealing of the cargo space, which enables the use of ammunition with a fully combustible sleeve or the use of liquid propellant in artillery weapons or tank cannons.
  • the invention also enables favorable manufacturing conditions, such as those created by the simplified manufacture of a parallel guide compared to a complex wedge-shaped bottom piece guide.
  • the simple design also offers a good adaptation of an automatic loader.
  • the bottom piece 5 shown in FIGS. 1 to 3 of a weapon barrel 3 belonging to an artillery weapon or tank cannon has a parallel guide 4 arranged at right angles to the barrel core axis 2 for receiving a locking block 9 belonging to a locking mechanism 1, which in a manner known per se automatically by a device 11 but can also be moved manually in the direction of displacement 6 within the parallel guide 4.
  • the device 11 is known for example from EP 00 14 559, so that a more detailed description is unnecessary.
  • the locking block 9 has a sliding surface 10 which extends obliquely from the bottom left to the top right relative to the parallel guide 4 at an angle ⁇ .
  • This sliding surface 10 is designed as a guide 23, for example in a manner not shown, in a T-groove shape for receiving a wedge-shaped insert 12 which has been worked into the locking block 9 from the side facing the cargo space 21.
  • the wedge-shaped insert 12 is connected for support in the sliding plane of the guide 23 with a means 14 mounted at the lower end of the sliding surface 10, the bearing point of the means 14 being arranged on the locking block 9 in a space-saving manner below the insert 12.
  • the eyelet is arranged on the base piece side above an eyelet 3 at the end of the cargo space 21 8 attached a stroke limiting means 15.1.
  • the stroke limiting means 15.1 is designed as a control cam, preferably with respect to the wedge-shaped insert 12 as a stop 18, which has a width which is greater than the sealing stroke X 1 of the insert 12.
  • the contact surface in the parallel guide 4 of the locking block 9 is set back to carry out a non-contact transverse stroke in the direction 6 in the direction 6 in the area of this stop 18 by a larger distance than the sealing stroke X 1 from the base piece. This prevents damage caused by the transverse movement of the closure block 9 on the eyelid.
  • the face 17 facing away from the oblique sliding surface 16 of the wedge-shaped insert 12 (FIG. 3), which is designed as a sealing surface arranged perpendicular to the tube core axis 2, is located up to the moment of the stop on the stop 18 at a distance corresponding to the sealing stroke X 1 relative to the tube end face 7.
  • This intermediate position 13 assumed by the wedge-shaped insert 12 before the sealing stroke X 1 is carried out is shown in FIGS. 2 and 4.
  • the breech block 9 and the wedge-shaped insert 12 have the stroke starting from the open position of the breech mechanism 1 shown in FIG. 1, together with an upward and transverse movement with respect to the weapon barrel 3 until the intermediate position 13 shown in FIGS. 2 and 4 is reached Y1 done.
  • the wedge-shaped insert 12 is prevented by the stop 18 from continuing the common transverse movement in the case of the further closing and continuously moving upward by the stroke Y 2 shown in FIG. 3, and leads positively through the inclined sliding surfaces 10, 16 simultaneously during the Hubes Y2 of the locking block 9 separately the sealing stroke X1 on the tube core axis 2 by.
  • the means 14 is therefore designed as a spring element, preferably as a gas pressure spring.
  • the wedge-shaped insert 12 can only assume its initial position when it has moved away from the end face 7 by the amount of the sealing stroke X 1, because until the intermediate position 13 is reached by a second control cam 15.2 arranged below the eyelid 8 on the weapon barrel 3 a guide length corresponding to the sealing stroke X 1, the return to the starting position (FIG. 1) is initially prevented.
  • the highly elastic sealing ring shown as Lid réelle 8 in Figure 4 contains two overlapping rings 22 made of wear-resistant, preferably, inside the cargo space hardened material.
  • the highly elastic seal which is also called “plastic eyelid” in defense technology, is covered towards the cargo space 21. Since the rings 22 and yet another ring protecting the last free corner of the seal are slotted, the seal can be changed in shape, in particular compressed, by the preload X2 during the seal stroke X1. Due to the overlap, the steel rings 22 can slide against each other during the sealing process.
  • the sealing effect achieved under the axial pretension is reinforced by the pressure of the propellant charge gases acting on the inside of the rings 22 when the shot is fired.
  • the angle of inclination ⁇ of the inclined sliding surface 10, 10.1, 16 can be made larger or smaller in the area of self-locking.
  • the inclination can have an angle ⁇ of 4 °, for example, with a sealing preload X2 of 5 mm.
  • the stroke limiting means 15.3 of the wedge-shaped insert 12 comprises at least one control curve 19 arranged on the base piece 5 and one cam 20 arranged on the insert 12, the control curve 19 being designed such that the wedge-shaped insert 12 executes an exclusively radial stroke for taking the intermediate position 13 and can only be moved on the tube core axis 2 for carrying out the sealing stroke.
  • the control curve 19 initially runs parallel to the guide 4 and, after taking the intermediate position 13 at the level of the barrel core axis 2, is angled toward the weapon barrel 3.
  • Figure 5 illustrates the starting position and Figure 6 shows the closed position of the locking mechanism 1.
  • Der Insert 12 and the locking block 9 initially move together by the stroke Y 1 in the direction 24 upwards, while after reaching the intermediate position 13 the locking block 9 moves continuously upward by the stroke Y 2.
  • FIGS. 7 and 8 illustrate in a further exemplary embodiment a closure block 9.1 with a sliding surface 10.1 running from bottom right to top left and a wedge-shaped insert 12.1 designed accordingly.
  • This arrangement differs from the examples shown in Figures 1 to 6 in that the sealing stroke X1 ( Figure 4) of the insert 12.1 after reaching the intermediate position 13.1 by a downward movement of the locking block 9.1 by the stroke Y2 in the direction 25 downwards.
  • the downward movement of the locking block 9.1 can be carried out continuously in a manner not shown by a sliding block guided in a curve.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Portable Nailing Machines And Staplers (AREA)
  • Underground Structures, Protecting, Testing And Restoring Foundations (AREA)
  • Automatic Assembly (AREA)
  • Sealing Devices (AREA)
  • Compressor (AREA)
  • Gasket Seals (AREA)

Abstract

The invention makes it possible to seal an elastic obturation (8) located at the end of the barrel (3) of the gun by disposing a wedge-shaped insert (12) on an inclined sliding surface (10) of a breech block (9) guided parallel inside the chamber (5) and mobile perpendicular to the axis (2) of the bore of the barrel, and to use, in a simple manner, the movement of the breech block (9) first for the closing movement and then for a sealing movement of the wedge-shaped insert (12) exclusively in the direction of the axis of the gun barrel. As the sealing movement takes place exclusively in the direction of the axis (2) of the barrel, uniform and defined prestressing of the obturation (8) is achieved.

Description

Die Erfindung betrifft einen Verschlußmechanismus für eine Rohrwaffe nach dem Oberbegriff des Patentanspruchs 1.The invention relates to a breech mechanism for a barrel weapon according to the preamble of patent claim 1.

Bei einem derartigen aus der EP 00 14 559 bekannten Verschlußmechanismus ist es erforderlich, zur Abdichtung des Ladungsraumes einen Pilzkopf des Verschlußmechanismus teilkreisbogenförmig dem Ladungsraum zuzuführen. Dazu werden Walzenführungen, ein Kupplungsgestänge und zusätzlich in einem Antriebsteil angeordnete Stufen zum Festlegen der Stellung Verschluß "offen" und "geschlossen" benötigt. Durch die Vielzahl der Antriebsmittel des Pilzkopfes ergeben sich innerhalb des Verschlußsystems komplizierte Bewegungsabläufe, die zu einer erhöhten Störungsanfälligkeit führen können und keine hohe Kadenz zulassen.In such a locking mechanism known from EP 00 14 559, it is necessary to supply a mushroom head of the locking mechanism to the cargo space in the form of an arc of a circle in order to seal the cargo space. For this purpose, roller guides, a coupling linkage and additional steps arranged in a drive part are required to determine the position of the closure "open" and "closed". The large number of drive means of the mushroom head results in complicated movement sequences within the closure system, which can lead to an increased susceptibility to malfunction and do not permit high cadence.

Des weiteren ist es aus dem Rheinmetall waffentechnischen Taschenbuch 6. Auflage, 1983, Seite 313, Bild 862 bekannt, den Ladungsraum gegenüber einem Verschlußkeil mit einem Stahlliderungsring abzudichten.Furthermore, it is known from the Rheinmetall Weapons Engineering Paperback 6th Edition, 1983, page 313, image 862 to seal the cargo space against a locking wedge with a steel eyelet ring.

Dieser Verschlußkeil gestattet es jedoch nicht, anstelle des Stahlliderungsringes elastisch verformbare Ringliderungen mit hohen Kunststoffanteilen, wie sie beispielsweise aus der US-PS 14 60 683 bekannt sind, einzusetzen, weil aufgrund der gleichzeitigen radialen und axialen Bewegungsrichtungen des Verschlußkeils und eines zur Vorspannung der elastisch verformbaren Ringliderung notwendigen größeren Dichtungshubes eine den Dichtungsverschleiß fördernde Verschlußkeilbewegung möglich ist. Mit einer beispielsweise aus der US-PS 14 60 683 bekannten Dichtring läßt sich des weiteren bei einem derartigen Einsatzfall keine Dichtwirkung mit hoher Standzeit erzielen, weil der elastisch verformbare Dichtring aufgrund einer fehlenden Abstützung auf der Innenseite zum Ladungsraum hin ausweichen kann.However, this locking wedge does not allow to use instead of the steel eyelet ring elastically deformable ring eyelids with high plastic contents, as are known for example from US Pat. No. 1,460,683, because of the simultaneous radial and axial directions of movement of the locking wedge and one for prestressing the elastically deformable Ringliderung necessary larger sealing stroke a sealing wedge promoting the seal wear is possible. With one, for example from US-PS 14 60 683 known sealing ring can also not achieve a sealing effect with a long service life in such an application, because the elastically deformable sealing ring can evade due to a lack of support on the inside towards the cargo area.

Aus der DE-A1-3 520 418 ist ein Fallkeilverschluß bekannt, bei dem der Verschlußkeil in schrägverlaufend angeordneten Führungsnuten ein Verschlußteil aufweist. Das Verschlußteil wird zunächst bei der Abwärtsbewegung des Verschlußkeils von diesem mitgenommen, dann aber von einer ortsfest im Waffengehäuse angeordneten Auflauframpe an seiner weiteren Abwärtsbewegung gehindert und schließlich durch Beaufschlagung mittels einer schräg verlaufenden Begrenzungsfläche der Führungsnut in Axialrichtung in das Rohr eingeschoben. Zur gasdichten Abdichtung des Rohres trägt das Verschlußteil auf seiner dem Rohr zugewandten Begrenzungsfläche umfangseitig eine ringförmig umlaufende Dichtlippe.From DE-A1-3 520 418 a falling wedge lock is known, in which the locking wedge has a locking part in obliquely arranged guide grooves. The breech member is initially carried along by the breech during the downward movement of the breech block, but is then prevented from moving further downward by a ramp arranged in a fixed manner in the weapon housing and finally pushed into the tube in the axial direction by means of an oblique boundary surface of the guide groove. For the gas-tight sealing of the tube, the closure part has an annular circumferential sealing lip on its peripheral surface facing the tube.

Es ist Aufgabe der Erfindung, einen nach dem Oberbegriff des Patentanspruchs 1 bekannten Verschlußmechanismus derart zu verbessern, daß eine sichere und dauerfeste Abdichtung von fest am Waffenrohrende angeordneten elastisch verformbaren Ringliderungen bei hoher Kadenz durch eine einfache Kinematik und eine robuste Abstützung innerhalb des Verschlußmechanismus möglich ist.It is an object of the invention to improve a locking mechanism known according to the preamble of patent claim 1 in such a way that a safe and permanent sealing of elastically deformable ring lids fixed at the end of the barrel is possible at high cadence through simple kinematics and robust support within the locking mechanism.

Gelöst wird diese Aufgabe durch die im Kennzeichen des Patentanspruchs 1 genannten Merkmale. Vorteilhafte Ausgestaltungen und Weiterbildungen der Erfindung gehen aus den Unteransprüchen hervor.This object is achieved by the features mentioned in the characterizing part of patent claim 1. Advantageous refinements and developments of the invention emerge from the subclaims.

Die Erfindung ermöglicht einen auf engstem Raum einsetzbaren Gleichlauf des keilförmigen Einsatzes gegenüber dem Verschlußkeil, insbesondere bei einem Verschlußmechanismus mit Hubkeil, zu realisieren.The invention enables the wedge-shaped insert to be synchronized with the locking wedge in a confined space, in particular in the case of a locking mechanism with a lifting wedge.

Die vergleichsweise große Masse des Verschlußblocks kann ohne nennenswerte Änderung des Antriebsystems in ansich bekannter Weise angetrieben werden, wobei die zu steuernde Masse des keilförmigen Einsatzes gering bleibt und keine eigenen Antriebsmittel benötigt. Dadurch und weil die Umlenkung der Bewegung des keilförmigen Einsatzes auch ohne Unterbrechung der Verschlußblockbewegung erfolgen kann und trotzdem eine stabile und sichere Abstützung gewährleistet ist, wird eine Betriebsweise mit hoher Kadenz ermöglicht.The comparatively large mass of the locking block can be driven in a manner known per se without any significant change to the drive system, the mass of the wedge-shaped insert to be controlled remaining low and not requiring its own drive means. This and because the deflection of the movement of the wedge-shaped insert can also take place without interrupting the movement of the locking block and nevertheless a stable and secure support is ensured, an operation with high cadence is made possible.

Der erfindungsgemäße Verschlußmechanismus garantiert durch die ausschließlich axiale Bewegung des keilförmigen Einsatzes eine definierte Vorspannung einer hochelastischen Dichtung und dadurch eine sichere und dauerfeste Abdichtung des Ladungsraumes, wodurch der Einsatz von Munition mit vollverbrennbarer Hülse oder der Einsatz von Flüssigtreibmittel bei Artilleriewaffen oder Panzerkanonen ermöglicht wird. Die Erfindung ermöglicht des weiteren günstige Fertigungsbedingungen, wie sie beispielsweise durch die vereinfachte Fertigung einer Parallelführung gegenüber einer aufwendigen keilförmigen Bodenstückführung entstehen. Die einfache Bauweise bietet zusätzlich eine gute Adaption eines automatischen Laders.The locking mechanism according to the invention guarantees through the exclusively axial movement of the wedge-shaped insert a defined preload of a highly elastic seal and thereby a secure and permanent sealing of the cargo space, which enables the use of ammunition with a fully combustible sleeve or the use of liquid propellant in artillery weapons or tank cannons. The invention also enables favorable manufacturing conditions, such as those created by the simplified manufacture of a parallel guide compared to a complex wedge-shaped bottom piece guide. The simple design also offers a good adaptation of an automatic loader.

Die Erfindung wird anhand der in der Zeichnung dargestellten Ausführungsbeispiele des näheren erläutert.The invention is explained in more detail with reference to the exemplary embodiments shown in the drawing.

Es zeigt:

  • Figuren 1 bis 3 ein Waffenrohr mit einer ersten Ausführungsvariante eines Verschlußmechanismus in einem Längsschnitt, wobei die Figuren 1 bis 3 verschiedene Bewegungspositionen des Verschlußmechanismus zeigen,
  • Figur 4 eine in der Figur 2 mit IV gekennzeichnete Einzelheit,
  • Figuren 5 und 6 jeweils schematische Darstellungen zweier Bewegungspositionen eines zweiten Ausführungsbeispiels,
  • Figuren 7 und 8 jeweils schematische Darstellungen zweier Bewegungspositionen eines dritten Ausführungsbeispiels.
It shows:
  • Figures 1 to 3 a weapon barrel with a first embodiment of a locking mechanism in a longitudinal section, wherein the figures 1 to 3 different movement positions of the locking mechanism show
  • FIG. 4 shows a detail identified by IV in FIG. 2,
  • FIGS. 5 and 6 each show schematic representations of two movement positions of a second exemplary embodiment,
  • Figures 7 and 8 each show schematic representations of two movement positions of a third embodiment.

Das in den Figuren 1 bis 3 dargestellte Bodenstück 5 eines zu einer Artilleriewaffe oder Panzerkanone gehörenden Waffenrohres 3 weist eine rechtwinklig zur Rohrseelenachse 2 angeordnete Parallelführung 4 zur Aufnahme eines zu einem Verschlußmechanismus 1 gehörenden Verschlußblocks 9 auf, der in ansich bekannter Weise durch eine Vorrichtung 11 automatisch aber auch manuell in der Verschieberichtung 6 innerhalb der Parallelführung 4 bewegt werden kann. Die Vorrichtung 11 ist beispielsweise aus der EP 00 14 559 bekannt, so daß eine nähere Beschreibung entbehrlich ist.The bottom piece 5 shown in FIGS. 1 to 3 of a weapon barrel 3 belonging to an artillery weapon or tank cannon has a parallel guide 4 arranged at right angles to the barrel core axis 2 for receiving a locking block 9 belonging to a locking mechanism 1, which in a manner known per se automatically by a device 11 but can also be moved manually in the direction of displacement 6 within the parallel guide 4. The device 11 is known for example from EP 00 14 559, so that a more detailed description is unnecessary.

Der Verschlußblock 9 weist eine gegenüber der Parallelführung 4 unter einem Winkel α schräg von unten links nach oben rechts verlaufende Gleitfläche 10 auf. Diese Gleitfläche 10 ist als Führung 23 beispielsweise in nicht dargestellter Weise T-nutenförmig zur Aufnahme eines keilförmigen Einsatzes 12 ausgebildet, welche von der den Ladungsraum 21 zugekehrten Seite in den Verschlußblock 9 eingearbeitet worden ist. Der keilförmige Einsatz 12 ist zur Abstützung in der Verschiebeebene der Führung 23 mit einem am unteren Ende der Gleitfläche 10 gelagerten Mittel 14 verbunden, wobei die Lagerstelle des Mittels 14 am Verschlußblock 9 raumsparend unterhalb des Einsatzes 12 angeordnet ist.The locking block 9 has a sliding surface 10 which extends obliquely from the bottom left to the top right relative to the parallel guide 4 at an angle α. This sliding surface 10 is designed as a guide 23, for example in a manner not shown, in a T-groove shape for receiving a wedge-shaped insert 12 which has been worked into the locking block 9 from the side facing the cargo space 21. The wedge-shaped insert 12 is connected for support in the sliding plane of the guide 23 with a means 14 mounted at the lower end of the sliding surface 10, the bearing point of the means 14 being arranged on the locking block 9 in a space-saving manner below the insert 12.

Zur Unterbrechung einer während der Schließbewegung des Verschlußblocks 9 mit diesem gleichlaufenden Bewegung des Einsatzes 12 und zur Durchführung eines zum Ladungsraum 21 hinweisenden und auf der Rohrseelenachse 2 erfolgenden Dichtungshubes X₁ (Figur 4) ist bodenstückseitig oberhalb einer am Ende des Ladungsraumes 21 am Waffenrohr 3 angeordneten Liderung 8 ein Hubbegrenzungsmittel 15.1 befestigt.To interrupt a locking movement 9 during the closing movement of the breech block, which moves in the same direction, and to carry out a sealing stroke X 1 pointing towards the cargo space 21 and on the tube core axis 2 (FIG. 4), the eyelet is arranged on the base piece side above an eyelet 3 at the end of the cargo space 21 8 attached a stroke limiting means 15.1.

Das Hubbegrenzungsmittel 15.1 ist als Steuernocken, vorzugsweise gegenüber dem keilförmigen Einsatz 12 als Anschlag 18 ausgebildet, der eine Breite aufweist, die größer als der Dichtungshub X₁ des Ensatzes 12 ist. Die in der Parallelführung 4 anliegende Führungsfläche des Verschlußblocks 9 ist zur Durchführung eines gegenüber der Liderung 8 berührungsfreien Querhubes in der Richtung 6 in dem Bereich dieses Anschlages 18 um einen gegenüber dem Dichtungshub X₁ größeren Mindestabstand X gegenüber dem Bodenstück zurückversetzt. Dadurch wird ein Schaden durch die Querbewegung des Verschlußblocks 9 an der Liderung vermieden.The stroke limiting means 15.1 is designed as a control cam, preferably with respect to the wedge-shaped insert 12 as a stop 18, which has a width which is greater than the sealing stroke X 1 of the insert 12. The contact surface in the parallel guide 4 of the locking block 9 is set back to carry out a non-contact transverse stroke in the direction 6 in the direction 6 in the area of this stop 18 by a larger distance than the sealing stroke X 1 from the base piece. This prevents damage caused by the transverse movement of the closure block 9 on the eyelid.

Die von der schrägen Gleitfläche 16 des keilförmigen Einsatzes 12 abgewandte Stirnfläche 17 (Figur 3), die als senkrecht zur Rohrseelenachse 2 angeordnete Dichtfläche ausgebildet ist, befindet sich bis zum Augenblick des Anschlages an dem Anschlag 18 in einer dem Dichthub X₁ entsprechenden Distanz gegenüber der Rohrstirnseite 7. Diese vom keilförmigen Einsatz 12 vor der Durchführung des Dichtungshubes X₁ eingenommene Zwischenposition 13 ist in den Figuren 2 und 4 dargestellt. Der Verschlußblock 9 und der keilförmige Einsatz 12 haben ausgehend von der in der Figur 1 dargestellten geöffneten Stellung des Verschlußmechanismus 1, gemeinsam unter einer aufwärts- und gegenüber dem Waffenrohr 3 quergerichteten Bewegung bis zur Einnahme der in den Figuren 2 und 4 dargestellten Zwischenposition 13 den Hub Y₁ getätigt.The face 17 facing away from the oblique sliding surface 16 of the wedge-shaped insert 12 (FIG. 3), which is designed as a sealing surface arranged perpendicular to the tube core axis 2, is located up to the moment of the stop on the stop 18 at a distance corresponding to the sealing stroke X 1 relative to the tube end face 7. This intermediate position 13 assumed by the wedge-shaped insert 12 before the sealing stroke X 1 is carried out is shown in FIGS. 2 and 4. The breech block 9 and the wedge-shaped insert 12 have the stroke starting from the open position of the breech mechanism 1 shown in FIG. 1, together with an upward and transverse movement with respect to the weapon barrel 3 until the intermediate position 13 shown in FIGS. 2 and 4 is reached Y₁ done.

Der keilförmige Einsatz 12 wird bei dem sich weiter schließenden und sich dabei kontinuierlich um den in der Figur 3 dargestellten Hub Y₂ aufwärtsbewegenden Verschlußblock 9 durch den Anschlag 18 an der Weiterführung der gemeinsamen Querbewegung gehindert und führt formschlüssig durch die schrägen Gleitflächen 10, 16 zeitgleich während des Hubes Y₂ des Verschlußblocks 9 separat den Dichtungshub X₁ auf der Rohrseelenachse 2 durch.The wedge-shaped insert 12 is prevented by the stop 18 from continuing the common transverse movement in the case of the further closing and continuously moving upward by the stroke Y 2 shown in FIG. 3, and leads positively through the inclined sliding surfaces 10, 16 simultaneously during the Hubes Y₂ of the locking block 9 separately the sealing stroke X₁ on the tube core axis 2 by.

Während des Dichtungshubes X₁ ändert sich der Abstand der am Verschlußhub befindlichen Lagerung des Mittels 14 zum keilförmigen Einsatz 12. Das Mittel 14 ist deshalb als Federelement, vorzugsweise als Gasdruckfeder ausgebildet. Eine derartige Gasdruckfeder läßt sich raumsparend teleskopartig zusammendrücken und garantiert einerseits eine Gleichlaufbewegung des Einsatzes 12 mit dem Verschlußblock 9 bis zur Zwischenposition 13 und andererseits bei einem Öffnungshub Y = Y₁ + Y₂ eine definierte Rückstellung aus der in der Figur 3 dargestellten geschlossenen Stellung des Verschlußmechanismus 1 in die in der Figur 1 dargestellte Ausgangsstellung.During the sealing stroke X 1, the distance between the bearing of the means 14 on the closing stroke and the wedge-shaped insert 12 changes. The means 14 is therefore designed as a spring element, preferably as a gas pressure spring. Such a gas pressure spring can be telescopically compressed in a space-saving manner and guarantees on the one hand a synchronized movement of the insert 12 with the locking block 9 to the intermediate position 13 and on the other hand with an opening stroke Y = Y₁ + Y₂ a defined reset from the closed position of the locking mechanism 1 shown in FIG the starting position shown in Figure 1.

Der keilförmige Einsatz 12 kann jedoch seine Ausgangsstellung erst dann einnehmen, wenn er sich um das Maß des Dichtungshubes X₁ von der Stirnseite 7 wieder entfernt hat, weil bis zur Einnahme der Zwischenposition 13 durch ein unterhalb der Liderung 8 am Waffenrohr 3 angeordneter zweiter Steuernocken 15.2 mit einer dem Dichtungshub X₁ entsprechenden Führungslänge die Rückführung in die Ausgangsposition (Figur 1) zunächst verhindert ist.However, the wedge-shaped insert 12 can only assume its initial position when it has moved away from the end face 7 by the amount of the sealing stroke X 1, because until the intermediate position 13 is reached by a second control cam 15.2 arranged below the eyelid 8 on the weapon barrel 3 a guide length corresponding to the sealing stroke X 1, the return to the starting position (FIG. 1) is initially prevented.

Der als Liderung 8 in der Figur 4 dargestellte hochelastische Dichtring enthält ladungsrauminnenseitig zwei sich überlappende Ringe 22 aus verschleißfestem, vorzugsweise gehärtetem Material. Dadurch wird die hochelastische Dichtung, die in der Wehrtechnik auch mit "plastischer Liderung" bezeichnet wird, zum Ladungsraum 21 hin abgedeckt. Da die Ringe 22 und noch ein weiterer die letzte freie Ecke der Dichtung schützender Ring geschlitzt ausgeführt sind, kann die Dichtung um die Vorspannung X₂ während des Dichtungshubes X₁ elastisch in ihrer Form verändert, insbesondere gestaucht werden. Durch die Überlappung können die Stahlringe 22 während des Abdichtvorganges gegeneinander gleiten. Die unter der axialen Vorspannung erzielte Dichtwirkung wird durch den bei Schußabgabe auf die Ringe 22 innenseitig wirkenden Druck der Treibladungsgase verstärkt.The highly elastic sealing ring shown as Liderung 8 in Figure 4 contains two overlapping rings 22 made of wear-resistant, preferably, inside the cargo space hardened material. As a result, the highly elastic seal, which is also called "plastic eyelid" in defense technology, is covered towards the cargo space 21. Since the rings 22 and yet another ring protecting the last free corner of the seal are slotted, the seal can be changed in shape, in particular compressed, by the preload X₂ during the seal stroke X₁. Due to the overlap, the steel rings 22 can slide against each other during the sealing process. The sealing effect achieved under the axial pretension is reinforced by the pressure of the propellant charge gases acting on the inside of the rings 22 when the shot is fired.

In Abhängigkeit vom Vorspannhub X₂ der Dichtung kann der Neigungswinkel α der schrägen Gleitfläche 10, 10.1, 16 im Bereich der Selbsthemmung größer oder kleiner ausgeführt werden. Die Neigung kann beispielsweise bei einer Dichtungsvorspannung X₂ von 5 mm einen Winkel α von 4° aufweisen.Depending on the preload stroke X₂ of the seal, the angle of inclination α of the inclined sliding surface 10, 10.1, 16 can be made larger or smaller in the area of self-locking. The inclination can have an angle α of 4 °, for example, with a sealing preload X₂ of 5 mm.

In einer in den Figuren 5 und 6 dargestellten weiteren Ausführungsvariante besteht das Hubbegrenzungsmittel 15.3 des keilförmigen Einsatzes 12 aus wenigstens einer am Bodenstück 5 angeordneten Steuerkurve 19 und einem am Einsatz 12 angeordneten Nocken 20, wobei die Steuerkurve 19 derartig ausgebildet ist, daß der keilförmige Einsatz 12 zur Einnahme der Zwischenposition 13 einen ausschließlich radialen Hub ausführt und zur Durchführung des Dichtungshubes ausschließlich auf der Rohrseelenachse 2 bewegbar ist. Die Steuerkurve 19 verläuft zu diesem Zweck zunächst parallel zur Führung 4 und nach Einnahme der Zwischenposition 13 in Höhe der Rohrseelenachse 2 abgewinkelt zum Waffenrohr 3 hin. Die Figur 5 verdeutlicht die Ausgangsstellung und die Figur 6 die Schließstellung des Verschlußmechanismus 1. Der Einsatz 12 und der Verschlußblock 9 bewegen sich dabei zunächst gemeinsam um den Hub Y₁ in Richtung 24 nach oben, während nach Erreichen der Zwischenposition 13 der Verschlußblock 9 um den Hub Y₂ sich kontinuierlich weiter nach oben bewegt.In a further embodiment variant shown in FIGS. 5 and 6, the stroke limiting means 15.3 of the wedge-shaped insert 12 comprises at least one control curve 19 arranged on the base piece 5 and one cam 20 arranged on the insert 12, the control curve 19 being designed such that the wedge-shaped insert 12 executes an exclusively radial stroke for taking the intermediate position 13 and can only be moved on the tube core axis 2 for carrying out the sealing stroke. For this purpose, the control curve 19 initially runs parallel to the guide 4 and, after taking the intermediate position 13 at the level of the barrel core axis 2, is angled toward the weapon barrel 3. Figure 5 illustrates the starting position and Figure 6 shows the closed position of the locking mechanism 1. Der Insert 12 and the locking block 9 initially move together by the stroke Y 1 in the direction 24 upwards, while after reaching the intermediate position 13 the locking block 9 moves continuously upward by the stroke Y 2.

Die Figuren 7 und 8 verdeutlichen in einem weiteren Ausführungsbeispiel einen Verschlußblock 9.1 mit einer von unten rechts nach oben links verlaufenden Gleitfläche 10.1 und einem dementsprechend ausgebildeten keilförmigen Einsatz 12.1. Diese Anordnung unterscheidet sich von den in den Figuren 1 bis 6 dargestellten Beispielen dadurch, daß der Dichtungshub X₁ (Figur 4) des Einsatzes 12.1 nach Erreichen der Zwischenposition 13.1 durch eine Abwärtsbewegung des Verschlußblocks 9.1 um den Hub Y₂ in Richtung 25 nach unten erfolgt. Die Überleitung der Abwärtsbewegung des Verschlußblocks 9.1 kann in nicht dargestellter Weise stufenlos durch einen in einer Kurve geführten Kulissenstein erfolgen.FIGS. 7 and 8 illustrate in a further exemplary embodiment a closure block 9.1 with a sliding surface 10.1 running from bottom right to top left and a wedge-shaped insert 12.1 designed accordingly. This arrangement differs from the examples shown in Figures 1 to 6 in that the sealing stroke X₁ (Figure 4) of the insert 12.1 after reaching the intermediate position 13.1 by a downward movement of the locking block 9.1 by the stroke Y₂ in the direction 25 downwards. The downward movement of the locking block 9.1 can be carried out continuously in a manner not shown by a sliding block guided in a curve.

Bezugszeichen-ListeReference symbol list

  • 1 Verschlußmechanismus1 locking mechanism
  • 2 Seelenachse2 soul axis
  • 3 Waffenrohr3 gun barrel
  • 4 Parallelführung4 parallel guidance
  • 5 Bodenstück5 bottom piece
  • 6 Verschieberichtung6 direction of displacement
  • 7 Rohrstirnseite7 pipe end face
  • 8 Liderung8 Lider
  • 9 Verschlußblock9 locking block
  • 9.1 Verschlußblock9.1 Lock block
  • 10 Gleitfläche10 sliding surface
  • 10.1 Gleitfläche10.1 sliding surface
  • 11 Öffnungs- und Schließvorrichtung11 opening and closing device
  • 12 Einsatz12 use
  • 12.1 Einsatz12.1 Use
  • 13 Zwischenposition13 intermediate position
  • 13.1 Zwischenposition13.1 intermediate position
  • 14 Mittel14 means
  • 15.1 Hubbegrenzungsmittel15.1 Stroke limiting device
  • 15.2 Hubbegrenzungsmittel15.2 Stroke limiting device
  • 15.3 Hubbegrenzungsmittel15.3 Stroke limiting device
  • 16 Gleitfläche16 sliding surface
  • 17 Stirnfläche17 end face
  • 18 Anschlag18 stop
  • 19 Steuerkurve19 control curve
  • 20 Nocken20 cams
  • 21 Ladungsraum21 cargo space
  • 22 Ring22 ring
  • 23 Führung23 leadership
  • 24 Richtung24 direction
  • 25 Richtung25 direction
  • Y HubbereichY stroke range
  • Y₁ HubY₁ stroke
  • Y₂ HubY₂ stroke
  • X BreiteX width
  • X₁ HubX₁ stroke
  • X₂ VorspannungX₂ bias
  • α Winkelα angle

Claims (7)

  1. Breech mechanism (1) for a barrel weapon, the mechanism being displaceably mounted inside a parallel guide (4) associated with the barrel base (5) and situated at right angles to the barrel bore axis (2), and which for packing purposes contains means movable transversally to the direction of displacement (6), the breech mechanism (1) containing a breech block (9,9.1) which is guided in the parallel guide (4) of the base piece (5) and which has a sliding surface (10,10.1) which takes an oblique course at an angle (α) in relation to the parallel guide (4) and on which for closing purposes a wedge-shaped insert (12, 12.1) is provided which performs a closing stroke (X₁) exclusively on the barrel bore axis (2), while for the purpose of interrupting a movement of the insert (12, 12.1) synchronous with the breech block (9,9.1) and also enabling the insert (12,12.1) to perform the closing stroke pointing in the direction of the barrel bore axis, the base piece (5) is fitted with a stroke limiting device (15.1,15.2,15..3), characterised by the fact that the wedge-shaped insert (12,12.1), to enable it to assume an intermediate position (13) situated behind the sealing ring (8) before the execution of the closing stroke (X₁) contains a means (14) for synchronous movement with the breech block (9,9.1), this means being mounted in the breech block (9,9.1) in order to ensure the synchronous movement, and that the end face (17) further away from the oblique sliding surface (16) of the wedge shaped insert (12) is constructed as a sealing surface associated with an evenly and definably prestressable sealing ring (8) and situated perpendicular to the barrel bore axis (8).
  2. Breech mechanism in accordance with Claim 1,
    characterised by the fact that the means (14) for ensuring the synchronous movement is mounted underneath the insert (12) in the breech block (9).
  3. Breech mechanism in accordance with Claim 1 and 2,
    characterised by the fact that the means (14) is constructed as a spring element.
  4. Breech mechanism in accordance with Claim 3,
    characterised by the fact that the means (14) is a gas pressure spring.
  5. Breech mechanism in accordance with Claim 1,
    characterised by the fact that the stroke limiting means (15.1) is a control cam and is secured above the sealing ring (8) on the base piece (5), the control cam (15.1) being constructed as a stop in relation to the wedge-shaped insert (12), the stop having a width (X) which is greater than the closing stroke (X₁), and that a further control cam (15.2) is secured underneath the sealing ring (8) on the base piece and has a guide length corresponding to the maximum closing stroke (X₁) of the wedge-shaped insert (12,12.1).
  6. Breech mechanism in accordance with Claim 1,
    characterised by the fact that as a stroke limiting means (15.3) for the wedge-shaped insert (12,12.1) at least one control cam (19) is provided on the base piece (5) and at least one nose (20) is provided on the insert (12,12.1), the control cam (19) being so designed that the wedge-shaped insert (12,12.1), to assume the intermediate position (13), performs an exclusively radial stroke, while for the execution of the closing stroke it is movable solely on the barrel bore axis (2).
  7. Breech mechanism in accordance with Claim 1,
    characterised by the fact that the sealing ring (8) is a highly elastic obturator which, to provide a support on the inside of the loading chamber, has two overlapping rings (22) of wear-resisting material.
EP19890901962 1988-02-26 1988-11-22 Breech mechanism for a gun Expired - Lifetime EP0357712B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE3806123A DE3806123A1 (en) 1988-02-26 1988-02-26 LOCKING MECHANISM FOR A PIPE ARM
DE3806123 1988-02-26

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0357712A1 EP0357712A1 (en) 1990-03-14
EP0357712B1 true EP0357712B1 (en) 1992-12-23

Family

ID=6348265

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP19890901962 Expired - Lifetime EP0357712B1 (en) 1988-02-26 1988-11-22 Breech mechanism for a gun

Country Status (7)

Country Link
US (1) US5042361A (en)
EP (1) EP0357712B1 (en)
JP (1) JPH061157B2 (en)
DE (2) DE3806123A1 (en)
NL (1) NL8821091A (en)
NO (1) NO893921D0 (en)
WO (1) WO1989008232A1 (en)

Families Citing this family (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US5317949A (en) * 1993-04-09 1994-06-07 Sugg Ronald E Firing mechanism for breech-loading weapons
US5589656A (en) * 1996-02-12 1996-12-31 The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of The Army Split wedge/breechblock and sealing means for gun
DE102007003142B4 (en) * 2007-01-16 2014-09-25 Rheinmetall Waffe Munition Gmbh Securing device for preventing the inadvertent closing of a closure wedge in its open position of a gun barrel
KR101222462B1 (en) * 2010-07-27 2013-01-15 국방과학연구소 Apparatus for opening and closing breech mechanism and cannon having the same
US8549977B2 (en) 2011-12-27 2013-10-08 Agency For Defense Development Apparatus for opening and closing breech block and cannon having the same
EP2610572B1 (en) * 2011-12-27 2014-10-08 Agency For Defense Development Apparatus for opening and closing breech block and cannon having the same
US8826794B1 (en) 2013-03-08 2014-09-09 The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Breech mechanism sliding contact assembly
RU2589805C1 (en) * 2015-01-12 2016-07-10 Публичное акционерное общество специального машиностроения и металлургии "Мотовилихинские заводы" Artillery-type weapon breech mechanism

Family Cites Families (11)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR528484A (en) * 1920-06-18 1921-11-12 Schneider & Cie Plastic obturator for cylinder heads
US1576962A (en) * 1924-02-13 1926-03-16 Bethlehem Steel Corp Obturator-operating mechanism for guns
US3125928A (en) * 1959-09-26 1964-03-24 Bartels
NL126341C (en) * 1959-09-26
US2998755A (en) * 1960-02-01 1961-09-05 Robert J Thierry Traversely swinging gun breech with obturating seal
US3434381A (en) * 1968-04-23 1969-03-25 Us Army Multiring seal for obturating the breech of large caliber guns
IL59041A (en) * 1979-01-31 1983-07-31 Secr Defence Brit Breech mechanisms
DE3247744A1 (en) * 1982-12-23 1984-06-28 Rheinmetall GmbH, 4000 Düsseldorf PROTECTIVE LOCK WITH MUSHROOM HEAD LIDING
DE3322437A1 (en) * 1983-06-22 1985-01-03 Rheinmetall GmbH, 4000 Düsseldorf LOCK FOR A GUN
DE3404676A1 (en) * 1984-02-10 1985-08-14 Rheinmetall GmbH, 4000 Düsseldorf RING LIDING ON GUNS
DE3520418A1 (en) * 1985-06-07 1986-12-11 Rheinmetall GmbH, 4000 Düsseldorf Wedge breech lock

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
NO893921L (en) 1989-10-03
DE3806123A1 (en) 1989-09-07
JPH061157B2 (en) 1994-01-05
WO1989008232A1 (en) 1989-09-08
EP0357712A1 (en) 1990-03-14
US5042361A (en) 1991-08-27
DE3876992D1 (en) 1993-02-04
JPH02504067A (en) 1990-11-22
NO893921D0 (en) 1989-10-03
NL8821091A (en) 1990-01-02

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