EP0356819B1 - Switch apparatus, in particular a contactor - Google Patents

Switch apparatus, in particular a contactor Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0356819B1
EP0356819B1 EP89115184A EP89115184A EP0356819B1 EP 0356819 B1 EP0356819 B1 EP 0356819B1 EP 89115184 A EP89115184 A EP 89115184A EP 89115184 A EP89115184 A EP 89115184A EP 0356819 B1 EP0356819 B1 EP 0356819B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
stops
contact
contact parts
normally
switching apparatus
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
EP89115184A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP0356819A3 (en
EP0356819A2 (en
Inventor
Kurt Held
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Siemens AG
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Siemens AG
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Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Siemens AG filed Critical Siemens AG
Publication of EP0356819A2 publication Critical patent/EP0356819A2/en
Publication of EP0356819A3 publication Critical patent/EP0356819A3/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0356819B1 publication Critical patent/EP0356819B1/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01HELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H50/00Details of electromagnetic relays
    • H01H50/54Contact arrangements
    • H01H50/546Contact arrangements for contactors having bridging contacts

Definitions

  • the innovation relates to an electromagnetic switching device with a magnet system with yoke and armature, the armature of which is connected to a contact carrier which is displaceably guided in the housing of the switching device and which has movable switching contact parts lying next to one another transversely to the direction of actuation, which form opener contacts with fixed contact parts and in the support or driving stops are provided for the switch contact parts.
  • Such a switching device can be seen, for example, from DE-AS 2 027 136 as known.
  • the so-called free path is of great interest, ie the path that has to be followed from lifting the opener to hanging up the closer.
  • This path is also dependent on the tolerances of the guidance of the contact carrier in the housing of the switching device, in particular when the break contacts are arranged on the corners of the contact carrier that are furthest away from the drive magnet.
  • there is a relatively large loss of free path due to the inevitable play of the contact carrier in the switching chamber, which must be taken into account when dimensioning the free path.
  • a switching device described above is known from document FR-A-25 191 87, which describes the closest prior art.
  • a contact bridge support is provided with two rows of window-shaped openings, in which contact bridges for NC and NO contacts are clamped by means of contact pressure springs.
  • the stops of the closer bridges in the openings are on the same level.
  • the walls of the openings, against which the contact pressure springs bear, lie at different distances from these stops. This allows closers with different contact pressure forces to be realized.
  • the switching device also has break contacts, which are formed with break bridges located in windows of different heights.
  • the contact pressure spring located in the narrower window causes a correspondingly high initial contact pressure force.
  • a magnetically operating switching device with two normally open contacts located in one plane and a further contact arranged between them is known from document US 31 09 905.
  • Two windows are provided for the latter, which, depending on the application, can alternatively be used as an alternative to a further NO contact in addition to the two outer NO contacts or an NC contact instead. Since there is only one break contact here, which is also close to the drive system, the problem mentioned at the beginning, which is related to the free travel, is not relevant.
  • the innovation is based on the task of creating a switching device in which the free travel can be determined independently of such tolerances. This is achieved in a simple manner in that the stops facing the housing wall are arranged to lead the middle stops in the direction of movement. If the stops are staggered leading to the direction of actuation, there is also a better adaptation of the traction force curve to the magnet demand curve, so that the magnet system can be designed to be weaker.
  • the formation of the stops can be achieved relatively easily if the stops face the end faces of window-shaped openings are in the contact carrier, in which contact bridges are arranged.
  • the fixed magnetic part 2 is designed as a yoke and surrounded by the excitation coil 3.
  • the armature 4 of the switching device is connected to the contact carrier, in the present case a contact bridge carrier 5, which has windows 6 in which the contact bridges 7 are held with the contact pressure springs 8.
  • the upper contact bridges 7 form normally closed contacts with the fixed contact parts, not shown, and the contact bridges 7 provided in the lower row with further fixed contact parts make contacts.
  • the end faces 9 of the window-shaped openings 6 are arranged leading to the edge of the housing in relation to the middle end faces in the direction of movement, ie in the normal case when the contact carrier 5 does not tilt, the outer contact bridges 7 are from "OFF" to "ON” before the internal contact bridges from the fixed contact parts lifted, namely by abutment on the end faces 9.
  • the offset of the end faces 9 of the windows adjacent to the middle window is denoted by 10 and that of the outer windows by 11.
  • the force requirement 12 in Newtons (N) is dependent on the air gap, ie the path (S) of the anchor specified.
  • the distance 13 corresponds to the force in the "OFF" position.
  • the back pressure force is increased by the amount of the contact pressure force of the break contacts because they no longer act against the force of the back pressure spring (dash-dot line 21). If, in order to achieve a larger free path, the offset of all windows over the end faces 9 were arranged in advance, a force requirement corresponding to the distance 14 would be required. Accordingly, a traction force curve 16 would be required - indicated by dashed lines - in order to lie above the diagram point corresponding to the route 14. The offset leading arrangement of the end faces 9 results in the extended course with the lines 17, 18 and 19.
  • the force 17 is present after the opening of the two outer current paths I and V, the force 18 after the opening of the current paths II and IV, the force 19 when the opener of the current path III lifts off.
  • a traction force curve 20 can be selected which runs significantly lower than the traction force curve 16, so that the magnet system can be designed to be weaker.
  • the power requirement indicated by the stretch 15 in the diagram according to FIG. 2 corresponds to the requirement when the make contacts close.
  • the arrangement of the stops according to the invention thus makes it possible to compensate for the loss of free travel through the different play of the contact carrier with the same traction curve without any design effort.

Landscapes

  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Electromagnetism (AREA)
  • Tumbler Switches (AREA)
  • Push-Button Switches (AREA)
  • Electromagnets (AREA)
  • Control Of Electric Motors In General (AREA)
  • Relay Circuits (AREA)
  • Switch Cases, Indication, And Locking (AREA)
  • Contacts (AREA)
  • Railway Tracks (AREA)

Abstract

The invention relates to an electromagnetic switch apparatus having a magnet system with yoke and armature, the armature of which has switch contact parts lying mutually adjacent transverse to the direction of actuation with a contact support guided in the casing of the switch apparatus, which switch contact parts form normally-open or normally-closed contacts with stationary contact parts, and in which support or entrainment stops are provided for the switch contact parts. <??>The contact supports are guided in the housing with play, so that tilting is possible. With respect to this tilting motion, the free path, that is to say the path which is necessary from the lifting of all normally-closed contacts to the resting of all normally-open contacts, must be set to the normally-closed contact lifting last. <??>In order to keep this free path relatively large, the stops facing the casing walls are located in advance of the middle stops in the direction of motion, so that the free path lost by the tilting is thereby gained again. In this way, the force required can be kept lower in comparison to the conventional design, since it has a favourable effect on the traction curve. <IMAGE>

Description

Die Neuerung bezieht sich auf ein elektromagnetisches Schaltgerät mit einem Magnetsystem mit Joch und Anker, dessen Anker mit einem im Gehäuse des Schaltgerätes verschiebbar geführten Kontaktträger verbunden ist, der quer zur Betatigungsrichtung nebeneinanderliegende bewegliche Schaltkontaktteile aufweist, die mit feststehenden Kontaktteilen Öffnerkontakte bilden und in dem Abstützungs- bzw. Mitnahmeanschläge für die Schaltkontaktteile vorgesehen sind.The innovation relates to an electromagnetic switching device with a magnet system with yoke and armature, the armature of which is connected to a contact carrier which is displaceably guided in the housing of the switching device and which has movable switching contact parts lying next to one another transversely to the direction of actuation, which form opener contacts with fixed contact parts and in the support or driving stops are provided for the switch contact parts.

Ein derartiges Schaltgerät ist beispielsweise aus der DE-AS 2 027 136 als bekannt zu entnehmen. Bei Schaltgeräten der obengenannten Art ist der sogenannte Freiweg von großem Interesse, d.h. derjenige Weg, der durchlaufen werden muß vom Abheben des Öffners bis zum Auflegen des Schließers. Dieser Weg ist auch von den Toleranzen der Führung des Kontaktträgers im Gehäuse des Schaltgerätes abhängig, insbesondere dann, wenn die Öffnerkontakte an den vom Antriebsmagneten an weitest entfernten Ecken des Kontaktträgers angeordnet sind. Hier ergibt sich ein relativ großer Freiwegverlust durch das unvermeidliche Spiel des Kontaktträgers in der Schaltkammer, das bei der Bemessung des Freiweges Berücksichtigung finden muß. Weiterhin ist ein oben beschriebenes Schaltgerät aus dem den nächstliegenden Stand der Technik beschreibenden Dokument FR-A-25 191 87 bekannt. Hier ist ein Kontaktbrückenträger mit zwei Reihen fensterförmiger Öffnungen versehen, in denen Kontaktbrücken für Öffner- und Schließerkontakte mit tels Kontaktandruckfedern eingeklemmt sind. Die Anschläge der Schließerbrücken in den Öffnungen befinden sich auf gleicher Ebene. Zu diesen Anschlägen liegen die Wände der Öffnungen, an denen die Kontaktandruckfedern anliegen, in unterschiedlichem Abstand gegenüber. Hiermit lassen sich Schließer mit verschiedenen Kontaktandruckkräften realisieren. Das Schaltgerät weist weiterhin Öffnerkontakte auf, die mit in Fenstern unterschiedlicher Höhe liegenden Öffnerbrücken gebildet sind.Such a switching device can be seen, for example, from DE-AS 2 027 136 as known. In switching devices of the type mentioned above, the so-called free path is of great interest, ie the path that has to be followed from lifting the opener to hanging up the closer. This path is also dependent on the tolerances of the guidance of the contact carrier in the housing of the switching device, in particular when the break contacts are arranged on the corners of the contact carrier that are furthest away from the drive magnet. Here there is a relatively large loss of free path due to the inevitable play of the contact carrier in the switching chamber, which must be taken into account when dimensioning the free path. Furthermore, a switching device described above is known from document FR-A-25 191 87, which describes the closest prior art. Here, a contact bridge support is provided with two rows of window-shaped openings, in which contact bridges for NC and NO contacts are clamped by means of contact pressure springs. The stops of the closer bridges in the openings are on the same level. The walls of the openings, against which the contact pressure springs bear, lie at different distances from these stops. This allows closers with different contact pressure forces to be realized. The switching device also has break contacts, which are formed with break bridges located in windows of different heights.

Die in dem engeren Fenster liegende Kontaktandruckfeder bewirkt eine entsprechend hohe anfängliche Kontaktandruckkraft.The contact pressure spring located in the narrower window causes a correspondingly high initial contact pressure force.

Außerdem ist ein magnetisch arbeitendes Schaltgerät mit zwei in einer Ebene außenliegenden Schließerkontakten und einem weiteren dazwischen versetzt angeordneten Kontakt aus dem Dokument US 31 09 905 bekannt. Für den letzteren sind zwei Fenster vorgesehen, womit wahlweise je nach Anwendungsfall neben den beiden äußeren Schließerkontakten alternativ noch ein weiterer Schließerkontakt oder stattdessen ein Öffnerkontakt verwirklicht werden kann. Da hier nur ein Öffnerkontakt vorhanden ist, der zudem dem Antriebssystem naheliegt, ist das eingangs erwähnte, mit dem Freiweg zusammenhängende Problem nicht relevant.In addition, a magnetically operating switching device with two normally open contacts located in one plane and a further contact arranged between them is known from document US 31 09 905. Two windows are provided for the latter, which, depending on the application, can alternatively be used as an alternative to a further NO contact in addition to the two outer NO contacts or an NC contact instead. Since there is only one break contact here, which is also close to the drive system, the problem mentioned at the beginning, which is related to the free travel, is not relevant.

Der Neuerung liegt die Aufgabe zugrunde, ein Schaltgerät zu schaffen, bei dem der Freiweg von derartigen Toleranzen unabhängig festlegbar ist. Dies wird auf einfache Weise dadurch erreicht, daß die der Gehäusewandung zugewandten Anschläge gegenüber den mittleren Anschlägen in Bewegungsrichtung voreilend angeordnet sind. Werden die Anschläge quer zur Betätigungsrichtung gestaffelt voreilend angeordnet, so ergibt sich auch eine bessere Anpassung der Zugkraftkurve an die Magnetbedarfskurve, so daß das Magnetsystem schwächer ausgelegt werden kann. Die Ausbildung der Anschläge läßt sich relativ einfach erreichen, wenn die Anschläge die Stirnflächen fensterförmiger Öffnungen im Kontaktträger sind, in denen Kontaktbrücken angeordnet sind. Hinsichtlich der Anpassung der Zugkraftkurve des Magneten an die Kraftbedarfskurve ist es weiterhin von Vorteil, wenn zwei Reihen fensterförmiger Öffnungen in Einschaltbewegungsrichtung hintereinander liegen und Öffner- oder Schliesserbrücken beinhalten, wobei die Stirnflächen für die Öffner in der unteren und oberen Reihe nach außen hin voreilend angeordnet sind, während die Stirnflächen für die Schließerbrücken sich in einer Ebene befinden.The innovation is based on the task of creating a switching device in which the free travel can be determined independently of such tolerances. This is achieved in a simple manner in that the stops facing the housing wall are arranged to lead the middle stops in the direction of movement. If the stops are staggered leading to the direction of actuation, there is also a better adaptation of the traction force curve to the magnet demand curve, so that the magnet system can be designed to be weaker. The formation of the stops can be achieved relatively easily if the stops face the end faces of window-shaped openings are in the contact carrier, in which contact bridges are arranged. With regard to the adaptation of the traction force curve of the magnet to the force demand curve, it is also advantageous if two rows of window-shaped openings lie one behind the other in the direction of switch-on and contain opening or closing bridges, the end faces for the opening contacts in the lower and upper rows being arranged leading outwards , while the end faces for the closer bridges are on one level.

Anhand der Zeichnung wird ein Ausführungsbeispiel gemäß der Erfindung beschrieben.An exemplary embodiment according to the invention is described with reference to the drawing.

Es zeigen:

FIG 1
den prinzipiellen Aufbau des elektromagnetischen Schaltgerätes ohne feststehende Kontakte, zum Teil im Schnitt, und
FIG 2
den Verlauf des Kraftbedarfes zur Zugkraftkurve des Magneten.
Show it:
FIG. 1
the basic structure of the electromagnetic switching device without fixed contacts, partly in section, and
FIG 2
the course of the power requirement to the traction curve of the magnet.

In dem Gehäuse 1 des Schaltgerätes ist der feststehende Magnetteil 2 als Joch ausgebildet und von der Erregerspule 3 umgeben. Der Anker 4 des Schaltgerätes ist mit dem Kontaktträger, im vorliegenden Fall ein Kontaktbrückenträger 5, verbunden, der Fenster 6 aufweist, in denen die Kontaktbrücken 7 mit den Kontaktdruckfedern 8 gehalten sind. Die oberen Kontaktbrükken 7 bilden mit den nicht näher dargestellten Festkontaktteilen Öffnerkontakte und die in der unteren Reihe vorgesehenen Kontaktbrücken 7 mit weiteren Festkontaktteilen Schließerkontakte. Wie die FIG 1 zeigt, sind die Stirnflächen 9 der fensterförmigen Öffnungen 6 zum Rand des Gehäuses gegenüber den mittleren Stirnflächen in Bewegungsrichtung voreilend angeordnet, d.h. im Normalfall bei nicht kippendem Kontaktträger 5 werden die äußeren Kontaktbrücken 7 von "AUS" nach "EIN" vor den innenliegenden Kontaktbrücken von den Festkontaktteilen abgehoben, nämlich durch Anlage an den Stirnflächen 9. Der Versatz der Stirnflächen 9 der dem mittleren Fenster benachbarten Fenstern ist mit 10 bezeichnet und der der äußeren Fenster mit 11. In FIG 2 ist der Kraftbedarf 12 in Newton (N) in Abhängigkeit vom Luftspalt, d.h. dem Weg (S) des Ankers angegeben. Die Strecke 13 entspricht der Kraft in Stellung "AUS". Nach einem gewissen Hub beim Öffnen der Öffnerkontakte wird die Rückdruckkraft um den Betrag der Kontaktdruckkraft der Öffnerkontakte erhöht, weil diese nun nicht mehr gegen die Kraft der Rückdruckfeder (Strich-Punkt-Linie 21) wirken. Würde, um einen größeren Freiweg zu erzielen, der Versatz aller Fenster über die Stirnflächen 9 voreilend angeordnet, wäre ein Kraftbedarf entsprechend der Strecke 14 erforderlich. Dementsprechend wäre eine Zugkraftkurve 16 erforderlich - gestrichelt angedeutet -, um über dem Diagrammpunkt entsprechend der Strecke 14 zu liegen. Durch das versetzte voreilende Anordnen der Stirnflächen 9 ergibt sich der ausgezogene Verlauf mit den Strecken 17, 18 und 19. Die Kraft 17 ist nach dem Öffnen der beiden äußeren Strombahnen I und V vorhanden, die Kraft 18 nach zusätzlichem Öffnen der Öffner der Strombahnen II und IV, die Kraft 19, wenn der Öffner der Strombahn III abhebt. Hierdurch kann eine Zugkraftkurve 20 gewählt werden, die wesentlich niedriger als die Zugkraftkurve 16 verläuft, so daß das Magnetsystem schwächer ausgelegt werden kann. Der im Diagramm nach FIG 2 mit der Strekke 15 angedeutete Kraftbedarf entspricht dem Bedarf beim Schließen der Schließerkontakte. Durch die erfindungsgemäße Anordnung der Anschläge ist somit ohne konstruktiven Aufwand ein Ausgleich des Freiwegverlustes durch das unterschiedliche Spiel des Kontaktträgers bei gleicher Zugkraftkurve möglich.In the housing 1 of the switching device, the fixed magnetic part 2 is designed as a yoke and surrounded by the excitation coil 3. The armature 4 of the switching device is connected to the contact carrier, in the present case a contact bridge carrier 5, which has windows 6 in which the contact bridges 7 are held with the contact pressure springs 8. The upper contact bridges 7 form normally closed contacts with the fixed contact parts, not shown, and the contact bridges 7 provided in the lower row with further fixed contact parts make contacts. As shown in FIG 1, the end faces 9 of the window-shaped openings 6 are arranged leading to the edge of the housing in relation to the middle end faces in the direction of movement, ie in the normal case when the contact carrier 5 does not tilt, the outer contact bridges 7 are from "OFF" to "ON" before the internal contact bridges from the fixed contact parts lifted, namely by abutment on the end faces 9. The offset of the end faces 9 of the windows adjacent to the middle window is denoted by 10 and that of the outer windows by 11. In FIG. 2 the force requirement 12 in Newtons (N) is dependent on the air gap, ie the path (S) of the anchor specified. The distance 13 corresponds to the force in the "OFF" position. After a certain stroke when opening the break contacts, the back pressure force is increased by the amount of the contact pressure force of the break contacts because they no longer act against the force of the back pressure spring (dash-dot line 21). If, in order to achieve a larger free path, the offset of all windows over the end faces 9 were arranged in advance, a force requirement corresponding to the distance 14 would be required. Accordingly, a traction force curve 16 would be required - indicated by dashed lines - in order to lie above the diagram point corresponding to the route 14. The offset leading arrangement of the end faces 9 results in the extended course with the lines 17, 18 and 19. The force 17 is present after the opening of the two outer current paths I and V, the force 18 after the opening of the current paths II and IV, the force 19 when the opener of the current path III lifts off. As a result, a traction force curve 20 can be selected which runs significantly lower than the traction force curve 16, so that the magnet system can be designed to be weaker. The power requirement indicated by the stretch 15 in the diagram according to FIG. 2 corresponds to the requirement when the make contacts close. The arrangement of the stops according to the invention thus makes it possible to compensate for the loss of free travel through the different play of the contact carrier with the same traction curve without any design effort.

Claims (4)

  1. Electromagnetic switching apparatus having a magnet system with a yoke (2) and an armature (4), the latter (4) being connected to a contact carrier (5), which can be displaced in the housing of the switching apparatus and comprises mobile switching contact parts which lie side-by-side transversely to the actuating direction and which, together with fixed contact parts, form break contacts, and in which carrier supporting or locking stops (9) for the switching contact parts are provided, characterised in that the stops (9) which face the housing wall (1) are arranged such that they lead the middle stops (9) in the direction of movement, the spaces between the mobile contact parts and the stops (9) which face the housing wall (1) being smaller than those between the mobile contact parts and the middle stops (9) when the switching apparatus is not actuated.
  2. Switching apparatus according to claim 1, characterised in that the stops (9) are arranged with a staggered lead transversely to the actuating direction.
  3. Switching apparatus according to claim 1 or 2, characterised in that the stops are the front faces (9) of window-shaped openings (6) in the contact carrier (5), in which openings contact bridges (7) are arranged.
  4. Switching apparatus according to claim 3, characterised in that two rows of window-shaped openings (6) lie one behind the other in the direction of the closing movement and comprise break or make contact bridges (7), the front faces for the break contacts being arranged in a leading manner towards the outside in the lower and the upper row, while the front faces for the make contact bridges are disposed in one plane.
EP89115184A 1988-08-29 1989-08-17 Switch apparatus, in particular a contactor Expired - Lifetime EP0356819B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE8810908U DE8810908U1 (en) 1988-08-29 1988-08-29 Electromagnetic switching device, in particular contactor
DE8810908U 1988-08-29

Publications (3)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0356819A2 EP0356819A2 (en) 1990-03-07
EP0356819A3 EP0356819A3 (en) 1991-11-06
EP0356819B1 true EP0356819B1 (en) 1995-01-18

Family

ID=6827361

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP89115184A Expired - Lifetime EP0356819B1 (en) 1988-08-29 1989-08-17 Switch apparatus, in particular a contactor

Country Status (5)

Country Link
US (1) US4987397A (en)
EP (1) EP0356819B1 (en)
JP (1) JP2516991Y2 (en)
AT (1) ATE117460T1 (en)
DE (2) DE8810908U1 (en)

Families Citing this family (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US8508321B2 (en) * 2010-08-17 2013-08-13 Song Chuan Precision Co., Ltd. Relay with multiple coils
US8354903B1 (en) * 2011-08-19 2013-01-15 General Electric Company Meter disconnect relay

Family Cites Families (10)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3109905A (en) * 1960-09-08 1963-11-05 Furaas Electric Company Magnetic contactor
DE1166895B (en) * 1961-05-15 1964-04-02 Licentia Gmbh Schuetz as a wiper contactor
DE1490042B1 (en) * 1964-08-18 1971-03-04 Metzenauer & Jung Gmbh Contactor with switch bridge contacts that can be changed either as opener or closer
DE1239752B (en) * 1964-09-12 1967-05-03 Continental Elektro Ind Ag Detachable connection of a device unit
DE1301393B (en) * 1965-04-24 1969-08-21 Starkstrom Schaltgeraetefabrik Contact bridge arrangement for electrical switchgear equipped with openers and closers
DE1690427A1 (en) * 1967-08-07 1971-07-15 Schaltelektronik Veb K Auxiliary switch for electromagnetic contactors
US3872952A (en) * 1973-10-09 1975-03-25 Joseph L Poggie Anti-skid apparatus
DE2948959C2 (en) * 1979-12-05 1983-01-05 Siemens AG, 1000 Berlin und 8000 München Electromagnetic switching device
DE3105117C2 (en) * 1981-02-12 1985-10-17 Siemens AG, 1000 Berlin und 8000 München Electromagnetic switching device
FR2519187B1 (en) * 1981-12-30 1985-08-16 Telemecanique Electrique ELECTROMAGNETIC SWITCHING APPARATUS HAVING DIFFERENT OPENING AND CLOSING SWITCH CONFIGURATIONS

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
ATE117460T1 (en) 1995-02-15
JP2516991Y2 (en) 1996-11-13
EP0356819A3 (en) 1991-11-06
US4987397A (en) 1991-01-22
EP0356819A2 (en) 1990-03-07
JPH0244240U (en) 1990-03-27
DE58908904D1 (en) 1995-03-02
DE8810908U1 (en) 1988-10-13

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