EP0356677A1 - Lubricating oil composition - Google Patents

Lubricating oil composition Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0356677A1
EP0356677A1 EP89112951A EP89112951A EP0356677A1 EP 0356677 A1 EP0356677 A1 EP 0356677A1 EP 89112951 A EP89112951 A EP 89112951A EP 89112951 A EP89112951 A EP 89112951A EP 0356677 A1 EP0356677 A1 EP 0356677A1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
alkyl
tert
hydrogen
butyl
composition according
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP89112951A
Other languages
German (de)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP0356677B1 (en
Inventor
Rolf Dr. Schumacher
Samuel Dr. Evans
Paul Dr. Dubs
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
BASF Schweiz AG
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Ciba Geigy AG
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    • C10M133/00Lubricating compositions characterised by the additive being an organic non-macromolecular compound containing nitrogen
    • C10M133/02Lubricating compositions characterised by the additive being an organic non-macromolecular compound containing nitrogen having a carbon chain of less than 30 atoms
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    • C10M129/00Lubricating compositions characterised by the additive being an organic non-macromolecular compound containing oxygen
    • C10M129/02Lubricating compositions characterised by the additive being an organic non-macromolecular compound containing oxygen having a carbon chain of less than 30 atoms
    • C10M129/04Hydroxy compounds
    • C10M129/10Hydroxy compounds having hydroxy groups bound to a carbon atom of a six-membered aromatic ring
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    • C10M133/02Lubricating compositions characterised by the additive being an organic non-macromolecular compound containing nitrogen having a carbon chain of less than 30 atoms
    • C10M133/04Amines, e.g. polyalkylene polyamines; Quaternary amines
    • C10M133/12Amines, e.g. polyalkylene polyamines; Quaternary amines having amino groups bound to a carbon atom of a six-membered aromatic ring
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    • C10M133/02Lubricating compositions characterised by the additive being an organic non-macromolecular compound containing nitrogen having a carbon chain of less than 30 atoms
    • C10M133/04Amines, e.g. polyalkylene polyamines; Quaternary amines
    • C10M133/12Amines, e.g. polyalkylene polyamines; Quaternary amines having amino groups bound to a carbon atom of a six-membered aromatic ring
    • C10M133/14Amines, e.g. polyalkylene polyamines; Quaternary amines having amino groups bound to a carbon atom of a six-membered aromatic ring containing hydroxy groups
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    • C10M135/28Thiols; Sulfides; Polysulfides containing sulfur atoms bound to a carbon atom of a six-membered aromatic ring
    • C10M135/30Thiols; Sulfides; Polysulfides containing sulfur atoms bound to a carbon atom of a six-membered aromatic ring containing hydroxy groups; Derivatives thereof
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    • C10M135/32Heterocyclic sulfur, selenium or tellurium compounds
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    • C10M141/00Lubricating compositions characterised by the additive being a mixture of two or more compounds covered by more than one of the main groups C10M125/00 - C10M139/00, each of these compounds being essential
    • C10M141/08Lubricating compositions characterised by the additive being a mixture of two or more compounds covered by more than one of the main groups C10M125/00 - C10M139/00, each of these compounds being essential at least one of them being an organic sulfur-, selenium- or tellurium-containing compound
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    • C10M141/10Lubricating compositions characterised by the additive being a mixture of two or more compounds covered by more than one of the main groups C10M125/00 - C10M139/00, each of these compounds being essential at least one of them being an organic phosphorus-containing compound
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Definitions

  • the present invention relates to lubricant compositions that are stabilized against oxidative degradation. Stabilization is achieved by adding at least two specific additives.
  • Aromatic amines are used as antioxidants for lubricants, e.g. alkylated diphenylamines or alkylated phenothiazines. Such amines are described for example in EP-A-149 422 or GB-A-1 090 688.
  • the use of such aromatic amines in combination with other antioxidants such as e.g. with triaryl phosphites, thiodipropionates or phenolic antioxidants is known. e.g. from EP-A-49 133.
  • R3 as C1-C12 alkyl can be linear or branched alkyl and can e.g. Be methyl, ethyl, propyl, butyl, pentyl, hexyl, octyl, nonyl, decyl or dodecyl.
  • R1, R5 and R6 as C1-C18 alkyl can also e.g. Tetradecyl, pentadecyl, hexadecyl or octadecyl.
  • R4 as C4-C18 alkyl can e.g. be n-butyl, tert-butyl, n-hexyl, tert-octyl, n-dodecyl or octadecyl.
  • R1, R5 and R6 as C7-C9-phenylalkyl can e.g. Benzyl, 2-phenylethyl, ⁇ -methylbenzyl, 2-phenylpropyl or ⁇ , ⁇ -dimethylbenzyl.
  • R1 and R2 as C7-C18 alkylphenyl can have linear or branched alkyl groups. Examples are tolyl, ethylphenyl, isopropylphenyl, tert-butylphenyl, sec-pentylphenyl, n-hexylphenyl, tert-octylphenyl, iso-nonylphenyl or n-dodecylphenyl.
  • R 1 and R 2 can also be mixtures of alkylphenyl groups, such as those formed in technical alkylations of diphenylamine using olefins.
  • the alkyl group is preferably in the para position of the aromatic amine.
  • Component B) is preferably a compound of the formula I or II in which R1 is C1-C4-alkyl, C7-C9-phenylalkyl, cyclohexyl, phenyl, C10-C18-alkylphenyl or naphthyl, R2 is C10-C18 alkylphenyl or phenyl, R3 is hydrogen, C1-C8-alkyl, benzyl, allyl or a group -CH2SR4, R4 is C8-C18-alkyl or -CH2COO (C8-C18-alkyl), and R5 and R6 independently of one another are H, C1-C12-alkyl or C7-C9-phenylalkyl.
  • R1 and R2 independently of one another are phenyl or C18-C18-alkylphenyl and R3 is hydrogen are particularly preferred.
  • R3 is hydrogen and R5 and R6 independently of one another are H or C4-C12-alkyl are particularly preferred.
  • Examples of compounds of the formula are: Diphenylamine N-allyl diphenylamine 4-isopropoxydiphenylamine N-phenyl-1-naphthylamine N-phenyl-2-naphthylamine Di-4-methoxyphenylamine Di- [4- (1,3-dimethylbutyl) phenyl] amine Di- [4- (1,1,3,3-tetramethylbutyl) phenyl] amine tert-octylated N-phenyl-1-naphthylamine
  • Phenothiazine N-allylphenothiazine 3,7-di-tert-octyl-phenothiazine
  • Component (C) can be any cyclic or non-cyclic hindered amine.
  • (C) is preferably a compound which has at least one group of the formula III contains, wherein R is hydrogen or methyl. R is preferably hydrogen.
  • R is hydrogen or methyl.
  • R is preferably hydrogen.
  • These are derivatives of polyalkylpiperidines, in particular 2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine. These polyalkylpiperidines preferably carry one or two polar substituents or a polar spiro ring system in the 4-position.
  • n is a number from 1 to 4, preferably 1 or 2
  • R is hydrogen or methyl
  • R11 is hydrogen, oxyl, hydroxyl, C1-C12-alkyl, C3-C8 alkenyl, C3-C8-alkynyl, C7-C12-aralkyl , C1-C18 alkoxy, C5-C8-cycloalkoxy, C7-C9-phenylalkoxy, C1-C8-alkanoyl, C3-C5-alkenoyl, C1-C18-alkanoyloxy, benzyloxy, glycidyl or a group -CH2CH (OH) -Z , wherein Z is hydrogen, methyl or phenyl, where R11 is preferably H, C1-C4-alkyl, allyl, benzyl, acetyl or acryloyl and R12, when n is 1, is hydrogen,
  • substituents are C1-C12-alkyl, they represent e.g. Methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, n-butyl, sec-butyl, tert-butyl, n-hexyl, n-octyl, 2-ethyl-hexyl, n-nonyl, n-decyl, n-undecyl or n- Dodecyl.
  • R11 or R12 can e.g. represent the groups listed above and, for example, n-tridecyl, n-tetradecyl, n-hexadecyl or n-octadecyl.
  • R11 is C3-C8-alkenyl, it can e.g. are 1-propenyl, allyl, methallyl, 2-butenyl, 2-pentenyl, 2-hexenyl, 2-octenyl, 4-tert-butyl-2-butenyl.
  • R11 is preferably as C3-C8 alkynyl propargyl.
  • R11 is especially phenethyl and especially benzyl.
  • R11 is as C1-C8 alkanoyl, for example formyl, propionyl, butyryl, octanoyl, but preferably acetyl and as C3-C5-alkenoyl in particular acryloyl.
  • R12 is a monovalent radical of a carboxylic acid, it is, for example, acetic, caproic, stearic, acrylic, methacrylic, benzoic or ⁇ - (3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyphenyl) - propionic acid residue.
  • R12 is a divalent radical of a dicarboxylic acid, it is, for example, malonic, succinic, glutaric, adipic, suberic, sebacic, maleic, itaconic, phthalic, dibutylmalonic, dibenzylmalonic, butyl (3 , 5-di-tert.butyl-4-hydroxybenzyl) -malonic acid or bicycloheptenedicarboxylic acid residue.
  • R 12 represents a trivalent radical of a tricarboxylic acid, it means e.g. a trimellitic acid, citric acid or nitrilotriacetic acid residue.
  • R 12 represents a tetravalent radical of a tetracarboxylic acid, it means e.g. the tetravalent residue of butane-1,2,3,4-tetracarboxylic acid or of pyromellitic acid.
  • R12 is a divalent radical of a dicarbamic acid, it represents, for example, a hexamethylene dicarbamic acid or a 2,4-tolylene dicarbamic acid radical.
  • Preferred compounds of the formula IV are those in which R is hydrogen, R 11 is hydrogen or methyl, n is 2 and R 12 is the diacyl radical of an aliphatic dicarboxylic acid having 4-12 C atoms.
  • any substituents are C5-C7-cycloalkyl, they represent in particular cyclohexyl.
  • R13 is especially phenylethyl or especially benzyl.
  • R13 is in particular 2-hydroxyethyl or 2-hydroxypropyl.
  • R13 is as C2-C18 alkanoyl, for example propionyl, butyryl, octanoyl, dodecanoyl, hexadecanoyl, octadecanoyl, but preferably acetyl and as C3-C5-alkenoyl, in particular acryloyl.
  • R14 means C2-C8 alkenyl, then it is, for example, allyl, methallyl, 2-butenyl, 2-pentenyl, 2-hexenyl or 2-octenyl.
  • R14 as a C1-C4 alkyl substituted with a hydroxy, cyano, alkoxycarbonyl or carbamide group can e.g. 2-Hydroxyethyl, 2-hydroxypropyl, 2-cyanoethyl, methoxycarbonylmethyl, 2-ethoxycarbonylethyl, 2-aminocarbonylpropyl or 2- (dimethylaminocarbonyl) ethyl.
  • substituents are C2-C12 alkylene, they are e.g. around ethylene, propylene, 2,2-dimethylpropylene, tetramethylene, hexamethylene, octamethylene, decamethylene or dodecamethylene.
  • substituents are C6-C15 arylene, they represent e.g. o-, m- or p-phenylene, 1,4-naphthylene or 4,4'-diphenylene.
  • D is especially cyclohexylene.
  • R15 means C2-C8-alkylene or hydroxyalkylene, it represents, for example, ethylene, 1-methyl-ethylene, propylene, 2-ethyl-propylene or 2-ethyl-2-hydroxymethylpropylene.
  • R15 means e.g. 2-ethyl-2-acetoxymethylpropylene.
  • R16 is hydrogen, C1-C12-alkyl, allyl, benzyl, glycidyl or C2-C6-alkoxyalkyl and R17, if n is 1, is hydrogen , C1-C12-alkyl, C3-C5-alkenyl, C7-Cq-aralkyl, C5-C7 cycloalkyl, C2-C4-hydroxyalkyl, C2-C6-alkoxyalkyl, C6-C10-aryl, glycidyl or a group of the formula - ( CH2) p -COO-Q or of the formula - (CH2) p -O-CO-Q, where p is 1 or 2 and Q is C1-C4 alkyl or phenyl, if n is 2, C2-C12 alkylene, C4- C
  • substituents are C1-C12-alkyl, they represent e.g. Methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, n-butyl, sec-butyl, tert-butyl, n-hexyl, n-octyl, 2-ethyl-hexyl, n-nonyl, n-decyl, n-undecyl or n- Dodecyl.
  • C1-C18-alkyl can represent, for example, the groups mentioned above and, for example, n-tridecyl, n-tetradecyl, n-hexadecyl or n-octadecyl.
  • substituents are C2-C6-alkoxyalkyl, they represent e.g. Methoxymethyl, ethoxymethyl, propoxymethyl, tert-butoxymethyl, ethoxyethyl, ethoxypropyl, n-butoxyethyl, tert-butoxyethyl, isopropoxyethyl or propoxypropyl.
  • R17 is C3-C5-alkenyl, it means e.g. 1-propenyl, allyl, methallyl, 2-butenyl or 2-pentenyl.
  • T1 and T2 are especially phenethyl or especially benzyl. If T1 and T2 form a cycloalkane ring together with the C atom, this can e.g. be a cyclopentane, cyclohexane, cyclooctane or cyclododecane ring.
  • R17 is C2-C4-hydroxyalkyl, it is e.g. 2-hydroxyethyl, 2-hydroxypropyl, 2-hydroxybutyl or 4-hydroxybutyl.
  • R17, T1 and T2 mean in particular phenyl, ⁇ - or ⁇ -naphthyl, which are optionally substituted by halogen or C1-C4-alkyl.
  • R17 is C2-C12 alkylene, it is e.g. around ethylene, propylene, 2,2-dimethylpropylene, tetramethylene, hexamethylene, octamethylene, decamethylene or dodecamethylene.
  • R17 means in particular 2-butenylene, 2-pentenylene or 3-hexenylene.
  • R17 means C6-C12 arylene, it represents, for example, o-, m- or p-phenylene, 1,4-naphthylene or 4,4'-diphenylene.
  • Z 'means C2-C12 alkanoyl, for example propionyl, butyryl, octanoyl, dodecanoyl, but preferably acetyl.
  • D as C2-C10 alkylene, C6-C15 arylene or C6-C12 cycloalkylene has the meaning given under b).
  • substituents are C1-C12-alkyl, they are, for example, methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, n-butyl, sec-butyl, tert-butyl, n-hexyl, n-octyl, 2-ethylhexyl, n-nonyl , n-decyl, n-undecyl or n-dodecyl.
  • substituents are C1-C4-hydroxyalkyl, they represent e.g. 2-hydroxyethyl, 2-hydroxypropyl, 3-hydroxypropyl, 2-hydroxybutyl or 4-hydroxybutyl.
  • R21 and R22 together represent C4-C5-alkylene or oxaalkylene, this means e.g. Tetramethylene, pentamethylene or 3-oxapentamethylene.
  • polyalkylpiperidine compounds of this class are the compounds of the following formulas:
  • oligomers or polymeric compounds whose recurring structural unit contains a 2,2,6,6-tetraalkylpiperidine radical of the formula (I), in particular polyesters, polyethers, polyamides, polyamines, polyurethanes, polyureas, polyaminotriazines, poly (meth) acrylates, poly ( meth) acrylamides and their copolymers which contain such radicals.
  • 2,2,6,6-polyalkylpiperidine light stabilizers of this class are the compounds of the following formulas, where m is a number from 2 to about 200. wherein R and R11 have the meaning given under a).
  • Preferred compounds of formula IX are those in which R is hydrogen or methyl and R 11 is hydrogen or methyl.
  • the amount of (B) and (C) added to the base oil (A) depends on the type of base oil and the desired degree of stabilization. In general, the sum of (B) and (C) is 0.1 to 2% by weight, preferably 0.5 to 1% by weight, based on (A).
  • the ratio of (B) to (C) can be varied within wide limits; in general, (B) is the predominant component in terms of quantity.
  • the ratio (B) :( C) is preferably 3-5: 1.
  • Component (A) is a mineral or synthetic base oil, as is common for the preparation of lubricants.
  • Synthetic oils can e.g. Esters of polycarboxylic acids or of polyols, they can be aliphatic polyesters or poly- ⁇ -olefins, silicones, phosphoric acid esters or polyalkylene glycols.
  • the lubricant can also be a grease based on an oil and a thickener. Such lubricants are e.g. described in D. Klamann "Lubricants and related products", Verlag Chemie, Weinheim 1982.
  • the lubricant can also contain other additives such as e.g. further antioxidants, metal passivators, rust inhibitors, viscosity index improvers, pour point depressants, dispersants, surfactants or wear protection additives.
  • additives e.g. further antioxidants, metal passivators, rust inhibitors, viscosity index improvers, pour point depressants, dispersants, surfactants or wear protection additives.
  • 2,6-di-tert-butyl-4-methylphenol 2,6-di-tert-butylphenol, 2-tert-butyl-4,6-dimethylphenol, 2,6-di-tert-butyl-4-ethylphenol, 2,6-di-tert-butyl-4-n-butylphenol, 2,6-di-tert-butyl-4-iso-butylphenol, 2,6-di-cyclopentyl-4-methylphenol, 2- ( ⁇ -methylcyclohexyl ) -4,6-dimethylphenol, 2,6-di-octadecyl-4-methylphenol, 2,4,6-tri-cyclohexylphenol, 2,6-di-tert-butyl-4-methoxymethylphenol, o-tert-butylphenol.
  • mono- or polyhydric alcohols e.g. with methanol, diethylene glycol, octadecanol, triethylene glycol, 1,6-hexanediol, pentaerythritol, neopentyl glycol, tris-hydroxyethyl isocyanurate, thiodiethylene glycol, bis-hydroxyethyl oxalic acid diamide.
  • mono- or polyhydric alcohols e.g. with methanol, diethylene glycol, octadecanol, triethylene glycol, 1,6-hexanediol, pentaerythritol, neopentyl glycol, tris-hydroxyethyl isocyanurate, thiodiethylene glycol, di-hydroxyethyl oxalic acid diamide.
  • Aliphatic or aromatic phosphites esters of thiodipropionic acid or thiodiacetic acid, or salts of dithiocarbamide or dithiophosphoric acid.
  • metal deactivators e.g. for copper
  • metal deactivators e.g. for copper
  • Triazoles benzotriazoles and their derivatives, tolutriazoles and their derivatives, 2-mercaptobenzthiazole, 2-mercaptobenztriazole, 2,5-dimercaptobenztriazole, 2,5-dimercaptobenzthiadiazole, 5,5'-methylenebisbenzotriazole, 4,5,6,7-tetrahydrobenztriazole, salicylides -propylenediamine, salicylaminoguanidine and its salts.
  • rust inhibitors are:
  • viscosity index improvers examples are:
  • Polyacrylates polymethacrylates, vinyl pyrrolidone / methacrylate copolymers, polyvinyl pyrrolidones, polybutenes, olefin copolymers, styrene / acrylate copolymers, polyethers.
  • pour point depressants examples are:
  • dispersants / surfactants examples are:
  • wear protection additives are:
  • Compounds containing sulfur and / or phosphorus and / or halogen such as sulfurized vegetable oils, zinc dialkyldithiophosphates, tritolyl phosphate, chlorinated paraffins, alkyl and aryl di- and tri-sulfides, triphenyl phosphorothionates, diethanolaminomethyltolyltriazole, di (2-ethyltylylolyl) aminol.
  • Examples of usable phosphites and phosphonites are: Triphenyl phosphite, decyl diphenyl phosphite, phenyl didecyl phosphite, tris- (nonylphenyl) phosphite, trilauryl phosphite, trioctadecyl phosphite, distearyl-pentaerythritol diphosphite, tris- (2,4-di-tert.butylphenyl) -phosphite, diisodechritol , 4-di-tert.butylphenyl) pentaerythritol diphosphite, tristearyl sorbitol triphosphite, tetrakis (2,4-di-tert.butylphenyl) -4, 4′-biphenylene diphosphonite, bis- (2,6-di- ter
  • the individual additives are dissolved in the oil.
  • the oil can be heated or the additives can be pre-dissolved in a solvent.
  • the lubricant can also contain additives to solid lubricants, e.g. Graphite or molybdenum sulfide.
  • thermo analyzer 1090 thermo analyzer 1090 from Du Pont
  • the induction time of the oxidation of oil samples by air containing 400 ppm NO2 is measured under isothermal conditions. The measurement takes place at 170 ° C under a pressure of 8 bar.
  • a standard mineral oil (Aral® 136) is used as the base oil, to which 1% by volume 1-decene is added to increase the sensitivity to oxygen.
  • the following amine stabilizers are added to the oil.
  • Aromatic amines :
  • Table 1 shows the induction times. The longer the induction time, the higher the antioxidant effect of the stabilizer additives.
  • Table 1 Aromat. Amine Hindered amine Induction time (min) - - 43 0.55% A-1 - 80 0.45% A-1 0.10% H-1 91.5 0.45% A-1 0.10% H-2 91.5 0.45% A-1 0.10% H-3 90.5 0.45% A-1 0.10% H-4 90 0.45% A-1 0.10% H-5 84.5 0.45% A-1 0.10% H-6 89
  • the oxidation of hydrocarbons creates oxygen-containing groups such as hydroxyl, carboxyl or ester groups.
  • the amount of such groups can be measured well by infrared spectroscopy and the activity of antioxidants can be determined therefrom.
  • samples of a standard mineral oil (Aral® 136) to which 1 vol% 1-decene is added to increase the sensitivity to oxygen, under isothermal conditions in an atmosphere of air to which 400 ppm NO2 is added, under a pressure of 8 bar warmed for 12 h. Then the IR absorption at 1730 cm301 and 1630 ⁇ 1 is measured. The lower these values are, the higher the activity of the stabilizers.
  • Tables 2a and 2b show the results at different temperatures.
  • oxidation behavior of lubricating oils stabilized according to the invention was also tested according to the TOST method (turbine oxidation stability test) in accordance with ASTM D-943.
  • TOST method turbine oxidation stability test
  • 300 ml of a mineral oil Mobil STOC K 305
  • 60 ml of water are mixed with 60 ml of water and heated to 95 ° C for 1000 hours in the presence of iron and copper wire while passing oxygen through.
  • SLUDGE (mg) 100% - 0.46 30th 95% 5% 0.38 27th 90% 10% 0.30 24th 75% 25% 0.31 27th
  • the resistance to oxidation can also be measured by measuring the increase in viscosity when treated with oxygen at elevated temperature.
  • an oxygen stream (1 l / h) is passed through the oil at 150 ° C. for 70 hours.
  • the oil is previously sensitized with a catalytic amount of a copper naphthenate.
  • the viscosity of the oil is measured before and after with an Ubbelode viscometer.
  • Table 6 Oil Percentage increase in viscosity Base oil 168% Base oil with the addition of 0.6% A-1 and 0.15% H-8 3.4%

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Abstract

A lubricating oil based on a mineral or synthetic oil is stabilised against oxidative degradation by the addition of a mixture of at least one specific aromatic amine of the formula I or II and at least one sterically hindered amine. The lubricating oil can contain other antioxidants or other additives. It is preferably a motor oil.

Description

Die vorliegende Erfindung betrifft Schmierstoffzusammensetzungen, die gegen oxidativen Abbau stabilisiert sind. Die Stabilisierung erfolgt durch Zusatz von mindestens zwei spezifischen Zusatzstoffen.The present invention relates to lubricant compositions that are stabilized against oxidative degradation. Stabilization is achieved by adding at least two specific additives.

Es ist bekannt und üblich, zu Schmierstoffen auf Basis von Mineralölen oder synthetischen Oelen Zusatzstoffe zur Verbesserung ihrer Gebrauchseigenschaften zuzusetzen. Von besonderer Bedeutung sind Zusatzstoffe gegen oxidativen Abbau der Schmierstoffe, sogenannte Antioxidantien. Der oxidative Abbau von Schmierstoffen spielt vor allem bei Motorenölen eine grosse Rolle, da im Verbrennungsraum der Motoren hohe Temperaturen herrschen und neben Sauerstoff Stickoxide (NOx) vorhanden sind, welche als Oxidationskatalysatoren wirken.It is known and customary to add additives to lubricants based on mineral oils or synthetic oils to improve their performance properties. Additives against oxidative degradation of the lubricants, so-called antioxidants, are of particular importance. The oxidative degradation of lubricants plays a major role, especially in the case of engine oils, since the engine's combustion chamber has high temperatures and, in addition to oxygen, nitrogen oxides (NO x ) are present, which act as oxidation catalysts.

Als Antioxidantien für Schmierstoffe werden unter anderem aromatische Amine verwendet, wie z.B. alkylierte Diphenylamine oder alkylierte Phenothiazine. Solche Amine sind beispielsweise in der EP-A- 149 422 oder der GB-A-1 090 688 beschrieben. Auch die Verwendung solcher aromatischer Amine in Kombination mit anderen Antioxidantien wie z.B. mit Triaryl­phosphiten, Thiodipropionaten oder phenolischen Antioxidantien ist bekannt. z.B. aus der EP-A-49 133.Aromatic amines are used as antioxidants for lubricants, e.g. alkylated diphenylamines or alkylated phenothiazines. Such amines are described for example in EP-A-149 422 or GB-A-1 090 688. The use of such aromatic amines in combination with other antioxidants such as e.g. with triaryl phosphites, thiodipropionates or phenolic antioxidants is known. e.g. from EP-A-49 133.

Es wurde gefunden, dass sich eine Kombination von aromatischen Aminen mit sterisch gehinderten Aminen hervorragend als Antioxidans für Schmierstoffe eignet.It has been found that a combination of aromatic amines with sterically hindered amines is an excellent antioxidant for lubricants.

Gegenstand der Erfindung ist eine Schmierstoffzusammensetzung, enthaltend

  • (A) ein mineralisches oder synthetisches Basisöl oder ein Gemisch solcher Oele,
  • (B) mindestens ein aromatisches Amin der Formel I oder II,
    Figure imgb0001
    worin R¹ C₁-C₁₈-Alkyl, C₇-C₉-Phenylalkyl, C₅-C₁₂-Cycloalkyl, Phenyl, C₇-C₁₈-Alkylphenyl, C₇-C₁₈-Alkoxyphenyl oder Naphthyl bedeutet,
    R² Phenyl, C₇-C₁₈-Alkylphenyl, C₇-C₁₈-Alkoxyphenyl oder Naphthyl bedeutet,
    R³ Wasserstoff, C₁-C₁₂-Alkyl, Benzyl, Allyl, Methallyl, Phenyl oder eine Gruppe -CH₂SR⁴ bedeutet,
    R⁴ C₄-C₁₈-Alkyl, -CH₂COO(C₄-C₁₈-Alkyl) oder -CH₂CH₂COO(C₄-C₁₈-Alkyl) bedeutet, und
    R⁵ und R⁶ unabhängig voneinander H, C₁-C₁₈-Alkyl oder C₇-C₉-Phenylalkyl bedeuten und
  • (C) mindestens ein sterisch gehindertes Amin.
The invention relates to a lubricant composition containing
  • (A) a mineral or synthetic base oil or a mixture of such oils,
  • (B) at least one aromatic amine of the formula I or II,
    Figure imgb0001
    wherein R¹ is C₁-C₁₈-alkyl, C₇-C₉-phenylalkyl, C₅-C₁₂-cycloalkyl, phenyl, C₇-C₁₈-alkylphenyl, C₇-C₁₈-alkoxyphenyl or naphthyl,
    R² is phenyl, C₇-C₁₈-alkylphenyl, C₇-C₁₈-alkoxyphenyl or naphthyl,
    R³ is hydrogen, C₁-C₁₂-alkyl, benzyl, allyl, methallyl, phenyl or a group -CH₂SR⁴,
    R⁴ is C₄-C₁₈-alkyl, -CH₂COO (C₄-C₁₈-alkyl) or -CH₂CH₂COO (C₄-C₁₈-alkyl), and
    R⁵ and R⁶ independently of one another are H, C₁-C₁₈-alkyl or C₇-C₉-phenylalkyl and
  • (C) at least one sterically hindered amine.

R³ als C₁-C₁₂-Alkyl kann lineares oder verzweigtes Alkyl sein und kann z.B. Methyl, Ethyl, Propyl, Butyl, Pentyl, Hexyl, Octyl, Nonyl, Decyl oder Dodecyl sein. R¹, R⁵ und R⁶ als C₁-C₁₈-Alkyl können darüber hinaus auch z.B. Tetradecyl, Pentadecyl, Hexadecyl oder Octadecyl sein. R⁴ als C₄-C₁₈-Alkyl kann z.B. n-Butyl, tert.Butyl, n-Hexyl, tert.Octyl, n-Dodecyl oder Octadecyl sein.R³ as C₁-C₁₂ alkyl can be linear or branched alkyl and can e.g. Be methyl, ethyl, propyl, butyl, pentyl, hexyl, octyl, nonyl, decyl or dodecyl. R¹, R⁵ and R⁶ as C₁-C₁₈ alkyl can also e.g. Tetradecyl, pentadecyl, hexadecyl or octadecyl. R⁴ as C₄-C₁₈ alkyl can e.g. be n-butyl, tert-butyl, n-hexyl, tert-octyl, n-dodecyl or octadecyl.

R¹, R⁵ und R⁶ als C₇-C₉-Phenylalkyl können z.B. Benzyl, 2-Phenylethyl, α-Methylbenzyl, 2-Phenylpropyl oder α,α-Dimethylbenzyl sein.R¹, R⁵ and R⁶ as C₇-C₉-phenylalkyl can e.g. Benzyl, 2-phenylethyl, α-methylbenzyl, 2-phenylpropyl or α, α-dimethylbenzyl.

R¹ und R² als C₇-C₁₈-Alkylphenyl können lineare oder verzweigte Alkyl­gruppen haben. Beispiele sind Tolyl, Ethylphenyl, Isopropylphenyl, tert.Butylphenyl, sec.Pentylphenyl, n-Hexylphenyl, tert.Octylphenyl, iso-Nonylphenyl oder n-Dodecylphenyl. Es kann sich bei R¹ und R² auch um Gemische von Alkylphenylgruppen handeln, wie sie bei technischen Al­kylierungen von Diphenylamin mittels Olefinen entstehen. Bevorzugt steht die Alkylgruppe in para-Stellung des aromatischen Amins.R¹ and R² as C₇-C₁₈ alkylphenyl can have linear or branched alkyl groups. Examples are tolyl, ethylphenyl, isopropylphenyl, tert-butylphenyl, sec-pentylphenyl, n-hexylphenyl, tert-octylphenyl, iso-nonylphenyl or n-dodecylphenyl. R 1 and R 2 can also be mixtures of alkylphenyl groups, such as those formed in technical alkylations of diphenylamine using olefins. The alkyl group is preferably in the para position of the aromatic amine.

Bevorzugt verwendet man als Komponente B) eine Verbindung der Formel I oder II, worin
R¹ C₁-C₄-Alkyl, C₇-C₉-Phenylalkyl, Cyclohexyl, Phenyl, C₁₀-C₁₈-Alkyl­phenyl oder Naphthyl bedeutet,
R² C₁₀-C₁₈-Alkylphenyl oder Phenyl bedeutet,
R³ Wasserstoff, C₁-C₈-Alkyl, Benzyl, Allyl oder eine Gruppe -CH₂SR⁴ bedeutet,
R⁴ C₈-C₁₈-Alkyl oder -CH₂COO(C₈-C₁₈-Alkyl) bedeutet, und
R⁵ und R⁶ unabhängig voneinander H, C₁-C₁₂-Alkyl oder C₇-C₉-Phenylalkyl bedeuten.
Component B) is preferably a compound of the formula I or II in which
R¹ is C₁-C₄-alkyl, C₇-C₉-phenylalkyl, cyclohexyl, phenyl, C₁₀-C₁₈-alkylphenyl or naphthyl,
R² is C₁₀-C₁₈ alkylphenyl or phenyl,
R³ is hydrogen, C₁-C₈-alkyl, benzyl, allyl or a group -CH₂SR⁴,
R⁴ is C₈-C₁₈-alkyl or -CH₂COO (C₈-C₁₈-alkyl), and
R⁵ and R⁶ independently of one another are H, C₁-C₁₂-alkyl or C₇-C₉-phenylalkyl.

Unter den Verbindungen der Formel I sind solche besonders bevorzugt, worin R¹ und R² unabhängig voneinander Phenyl oder C₁₀-C₁₈-Alkylphenyl bedeuten und R³ Wasserstoff ist.Among the compounds of the formula I, those in which R¹ and R² independently of one another are phenyl or C₁₈-C₁₈-alkylphenyl and R³ is hydrogen are particularly preferred.

Unter den Verbindungen der Formel II sind solche besonders bevorzugt, worin R³ Wasserstoff ist und R⁵ und R⁶ unabhängig voneinander H oder C₄-C₁₂-Alkyl bedeuten.Among the compounds of formula II, those in which R³ is hydrogen and R⁵ and R⁶ independently of one another are H or C₄-C₁₂-alkyl are particularly preferred.

Beispiele für Verbindungen der Formel sind:
Diphenylamin
N-Allyldiphenylamin
4-Isopropoxydiphenylamin
N-Phenyl-1-naphthylamin
N-Phenyl-2-naphthylamin
Di-4-methoxyphenyl-amin
Di-[4-(1,3-dimethylbutyl)-phenyl]-amin
Di-[4-(1,1,3,3-tetramethylbutyl)-phenyl]-amin
tert.octyliertes N-Phenyl-1-naphtylamin
technische Gemische erhalten durch Reaktion von Diphenylamin mit Diiso­butylen (mono-, di- und trialkylierte tert.Butyl- und tert.Octyldi­phenylamine)
Phenothiazin
N-Allylphenothiazin
3,7-Di-tert.octyl-phenothiazin
technische Gemische erhalten durch Reaktion von Phenothiazin mit Diiso­butylen
Examples of compounds of the formula are:
Diphenylamine
N-allyl diphenylamine
4-isopropoxydiphenylamine
N-phenyl-1-naphthylamine
N-phenyl-2-naphthylamine
Di-4-methoxyphenylamine
Di- [4- (1,3-dimethylbutyl) phenyl] amine
Di- [4- (1,1,3,3-tetramethylbutyl) phenyl] amine
tert-octylated N-phenyl-1-naphthylamine
Technical mixtures obtained by reacting diphenylamine with diisobutylene (mono-, di- and trialkylated tert-butyl and tert-octyldiphenylamines)
Phenothiazine
N-allylphenothiazine
3,7-di-tert-octyl-phenothiazine
Technical mixtures obtained by reaction of phenothiazine with diisobutylene

Besonders bevorzugt verwendet man als Komponente B) 4,4′-Di-tert.octyl-­diphenylamin oder 3,7-Di-tert.octyl-phenothiazin oder ein technisches Gemisch erhalten durch Reaktion von Diphenylamin mit Diisobutylen, insbesondere ein solches Gemisch, das folgende Bestandteile enthält:

  • a) maximal 5 Gew.-% Diphenylamin,
  • b) 8-15 Gew.-% 4-tert.Butyldiphenylamin,
  • c) 24-32 Gew. 4-tert.Octyl-diphenylamin, 4,4′-Di-tert.butyl-diphenyl­amin und 2,4,4′-Tri-tert.butyl-diphenylamin,
  • d) 23-34 Gew.-% 4-tert.Butyl-4′-tert.octyl-diphenylamin, 2,2′- und 3,3′-Di-tert.octyl-diphenylamin und 2,4-Di-tert.butyl-4′-tert.octyl-­diphenylamin
  • e) 21-34 Gew.-% 4,4′-Di-tert.octyl-diphenylamin und 2,4-Di-tert.octyl-4′-­tert.butyl-diphenylamin.
Particularly preferred is used as component B) 4,4'-di-tert.octyl-diphenylamine or 3,7-di-tert.octyl-phenothiazine or a technical mixture obtained by reaction of diphenylamine with diisobutylene, in particular such a mixture that contains the following components:
  • a) a maximum of 5% by weight of diphenylamine,
  • b) 8-15% by weight of 4-tert-butyldiphenylamine,
  • c) 24-32% by weight of 4-tert-octyl-diphenylamine, 4,4'-di-tert-butyl-diphenylamine and 2,4,4'-tri-tert-butyl-diphenylamine,
  • d) 23-34% by weight of 4-tert-butyl-4'-tert.octyl-diphenylamine, 2,2'- and 3,3'-di-tert.octyl-diphenylamine and 2,4-di-tert .butyl-4'-tert.octyl-diphenylamine
  • e) 21-34 wt .-% 4,4'-di-tert.octyl-diphenylamine and 2,4-di-tert.octyl-4'-tert.butyl-diphenylamine.

Die Komponente (C) kann irgendein cyclisches oder nicht-cyclisches sterisch gehindertes Amin sein. Bevorzugt ist (C) eine Verbindung, die mindestens eine Gruppe der Formel III

Figure imgb0002
enthält, worin R Wasserstoff oder Methyl bedeutet. Bevorzugt ist R Wasserstoff. Es handelt sich dabei um Derivate von Polyalkyl­piperidinen, insbesondere von 2,2,6,6-Tetramethylpiperidin. Bevorzugt tragen diese Polyalkylpiperidine in 4-Stellung einen oder zwei polare Substituenten oder ein polares Spiro-Ringsystem.Component (C) can be any cyclic or non-cyclic hindered amine. (C) is preferably a compound which has at least one group of the formula III
Figure imgb0002
contains, wherein R is hydrogen or methyl. R is preferably hydrogen. These are derivatives of polyalkylpiperidines, in particular 2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine. These polyalkylpiperidines preferably carry one or two polar substituents or a polar spiro ring system in the 4-position.

Von Bedeutung sind insbesondere die folgenden Klassen von Polyalkyl­piperidinen.The following classes of polyalkylpiperidines are of particular importance.

a) Verbindungen der Formel 1V

Figure imgb0003
worin n eine Zahl von 1 bis 4, vorzugsweise 1 oder 2 bedeutet, R Wasser­stoff oder Methyl bedeutet, R¹¹ Wasserstoff, Oxyl, Hydroxyl, C₁-C₁₂-­Alkyl, C₃-C₈ Alkenyl, C₃-C₈-Alkinyl, C₇-C₁₂-Aralkyl, C₁-C₁₈-Alkoxy, C₅-C₈-Cycloalkoxy, C₇-C₉-Phenylalkoxy, C₁-C₈-Alkanoyl, C₃-C₅-Alkenoyl, C₁-C₁₈-Alkanoyloxy, Benzyloxy, Glycidyl oder eine Gruppe -CH₂CH(OH)-Z, worin Z Wasserstoff, Methyl oder Phenyl ist, bedeutet, wobei R¹¹ vorzugs­weise H, C₁-C₄-Alkyl, Allyl, Benzyl, Acetyl oder Acryloyl ist und R¹², wenn n 1 ist, Wasserstoff, gegebenenfalls durch ein oder mehrere Sauer­stoffatome unterbrochenes C₁-C₁₈-Alkyl, Cyanethyl, Benzyl, Glycidyl, einen einwertigen Rest einer aliphatischen, cycloaliphatischen, arali­phatischen, ungesättigten oder aromatischen Carbonsäure, Carbaminsäure oder Phosphor enthaltenden Säure oder einen einwertigen Silylrest, vorzugsweise einen Rest einer aliphatischen Carbonsäure mit 2 bis 18 C-Atomen, einer cycloaliphatischen Carbonsäure mit 7 bis 15 C-Atomen, einer α,β-ungesättigten Carbonsäure mit 3 bis 5 C-Atomen oder einer aromatischen Carbonsäure mit 7 bis 15 C-Atomen bedeutet, wenn n 2 ist, C₁-C₁₂-Alkylen, C₄-C₁₂-Alkenylen, Xylylen, einen zweiwertigen Rest einer aliphatischen, cycloaliphatischen, araliphatischen oder aromatischen Dicarbonsäure, Dicarbaminsäure oder Phosphor enthaltenden Säure oder einen zweiwertigen Silylrest, vorzugsweise einen Rest einer ali­phatischen Dicarbonsäure mit 2 bis 36 C-Atomen, einer cycloaliphatischen oder aromatischen Dicarbonsäure mit 8 - 14 C-Atomen oder einer alipha­tischen, cycloaliphatischen oder aromatischen Dicarbaminsäure mit 8 - 14 C-Atomen bedeutet, wenn n 3 ist, einen dreiwertigen Rest einer aliphatischen, cycloaliphatischen oder aromatischen Tricarbonsäure, einer aromatischen Tricarbaminsäure oder einer Phosphor enthaltenden Säure oder einen dreiwertigen Silylrest bedeutet und wenn n 4 ist, einen vierwertigen Rest einer aliphatischen, cycloaliphatischen oder aro­matischen Tetracarbonsäure bedeutet.a) Compounds of formula 1V
Figure imgb0003
wherein n is a number from 1 to 4, preferably 1 or 2, R is hydrogen or methyl, R¹¹ is hydrogen, oxyl, hydroxyl, C₁-C₁₂-alkyl, C₃-C₈ alkenyl, C₃-C₈-alkynyl, C₇-C₁₂-aralkyl , C₁-C₁₈ alkoxy, C₅-C₈-cycloalkoxy, C₇-C₉-phenylalkoxy, C₁-C₈-alkanoyl, C₃-C₅-alkenoyl, C₁-C₁₈-alkanoyloxy, benzyloxy, glycidyl or a group -CH₂CH (OH) -Z , wherein Z is hydrogen, methyl or phenyl, where R¹¹ is preferably H, C₁-C₄-alkyl, allyl, benzyl, acetyl or acryloyl and R¹², when n is 1, is hydrogen, C₁- optionally interrupted by one or more oxygen atoms C₁₈-alkyl, cyanoethyl, benzyl, glycidyl, a monovalent radical of an aliphatic, cycloaliphatic, araliphatic, unsaturated or aromatic carboxylic acid, carbamic acid or phosphorus-containing acid or a monovalent silyl radical, preferably a radical of an aliphatic carboxylic acid having 2 to 18 carbon atoms, one cycloa lipatic carboxylic acid with 7 to 15 C atoms, an α, β-unsaturated carboxylic acid with 3 to 5 C atoms or an aromatic carboxylic acid with 7 to 15 C atoms, when n is 2 means C₁-C₁₂ alkylene, C₄- C₁₂-alkenylene, xylylene, a divalent radical of an aliphatic, cycloaliphatic, araliphatic or aromatic dicarboxylic acid, dicarbamic acid or phosphorus-containing acid or a divalent silyl radical, preferably a radical of an aliphatic dicarboxylic acid having 2 to 36 carbon atoms, a cycloaliphatic or aromatic dicarboxylic acid - 14 C atoms or an aliphatic, cycloaliphatic or aromatic dicarbamic acid having 8 - 14 C atoms, when n is 3, means a trivalent radical of an aliphatic, cycloaliphatic or aromatic tricarboxylic acid, an aromatic tricarbamic acid or a phosphorus-containing Means acid or a trivalent silyl radical and, when n is 4, means a tetravalent radical of an aliphatic, cycloaliphatic or aromatic tetracarboxylic acid.

Bedeuten etwaige Substituenten C₁-C₁₂-Alkyl, so stellen sie z.B. Methyl, Ethyl, n-Propyl, n-Butyl, sek.-Butyl, tert.-Butyl, n-Hexyl, n-Octyl, 2-Ethyl-hexyl, n-Nonyl, n-Decyl, n-Undecyl oder n-Dodecyl dar.If any substituents are C₁-C₁₂-alkyl, they represent e.g. Methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, n-butyl, sec-butyl, tert-butyl, n-hexyl, n-octyl, 2-ethyl-hexyl, n-nonyl, n-decyl, n-undecyl or n- Dodecyl.

In der Bedeutung von C₁-C₁₈-Alkyl kann R¹¹ oder R¹² z.B. die oben ange­führten Gruppen und dazu noch beispielsweise n-Tridecyl, n-Tetradecyl, n-Hexadecyl oder n-Octadecyl darstellen.In the meaning of C₁-C₁₈ alkyl, R¹¹ or R¹² can e.g. represent the groups listed above and, for example, n-tridecyl, n-tetradecyl, n-hexadecyl or n-octadecyl.

Wenn R¹¹ C₃-C₈-Alkenyl bedeutet, so kann es sich z.B. um 1-Propenyl, Allyl, Methallyl, 2-Butenyl, 2-Pentenyl, 2-Hexenyl, 2-Octenyl, 4-tert.­Butyl-2-butenyl handeln.If R¹¹ is C₃-C₈-alkenyl, it can e.g. are 1-propenyl, allyl, methallyl, 2-butenyl, 2-pentenyl, 2-hexenyl, 2-octenyl, 4-tert-butyl-2-butenyl.

R¹¹ ist als C₃-C₈-Alkinyl bevorzugt Propargyl.R¹¹ is preferably as C₃-C₈ alkynyl propargyl.

Als C₇-C₁₂-Aralkyl ist R¹¹ insbesondere Phenethyl und vor allem Benzyl.As C₇-C₁₂ aralkyl, R¹¹ is especially phenethyl and especially benzyl.

R¹¹ ist als C₁-C₈-Alkanoyl beispielsweise Formyl, Propionyl, Butyryl, Octanoyl, aber bevorzugt Acetyl und als C₃-C₅-Alkenoyl insbesondere Acryloyl.R¹¹ is as C₁-C₈ alkanoyl, for example formyl, propionyl, butyryl, octanoyl, but preferably acetyl and as C₃-C₅-alkenoyl in particular acryloyl.

Bedeutet R¹² einen einwertigen Rest einer Carbonsäure, so stellt es beispielsweise einen Essigsäure-, Capronsäure-, Stearinsäure-, Acryl­säure-, Methacrylsäure-, Benzoe- oder β-(3,5-Di-tert.-butyl-4-hydroxy­phenyl)-propionsäurerest dar.If R¹² is a monovalent radical of a carboxylic acid, it is, for example, acetic, caproic, stearic, acrylic, methacrylic, benzoic or β- (3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyphenyl) - propionic acid residue.

Bedeutet R¹² einen zweiwertigen Rest einer Dicarbonsäure, so stellt es beispielsweise einen Malonsäure-, Bernsteinsäure-, Glutarsäure-, Adipin­säure-, Korksäure-, Sebacinsäure-, Maleinsäure-, Itaconsäure-, Phthal­säure-, Dibutylmalonsäure-, Dibenzylmalonsäure-, Butyl-(3,5-di-tert.­butyl-4-hydroxybenzyl)-malonsäure- oder Bicycloheptendicarbonsäurerest dar.If R¹² is a divalent radical of a dicarboxylic acid, it is, for example, malonic, succinic, glutaric, adipic, suberic, sebacic, maleic, itaconic, phthalic, dibutylmalonic, dibenzylmalonic, butyl (3 , 5-di-tert.butyl-4-hydroxybenzyl) -malonic acid or bicycloheptenedicarboxylic acid residue.

Stellt R¹² einen dreiwertigen Rest einer Tricarbonsäure dar, so bedeutet es z.B. einen Trimellitsäure-, Citronensäure- oder Nitrilotriessig­säurerest.If R 12 represents a trivalent radical of a tricarboxylic acid, it means e.g. a trimellitic acid, citric acid or nitrilotriacetic acid residue.

Stellt R¹² einen vierwertigen Rest einer Tetracarbonsäure dar, so bedeutet es z.B. den vierwertigen Rest von Butan-1,2,3,4-tetracarbon­saure oder von Pyromellitsäure.If R 12 represents a tetravalent radical of a tetracarboxylic acid, it means e.g. the tetravalent residue of butane-1,2,3,4-tetracarboxylic acid or of pyromellitic acid.

Bedeutet R¹² einen zweiwertigen Rest einer Dicarbaminsäure, so stellt es beispielsweise einen Hexamethylendicarbaminsäure- oder einen 2,4-Toluylen-dicarbaminsäurerest dar.If R¹² is a divalent radical of a dicarbamic acid, it represents, for example, a hexamethylene dicarbamic acid or a 2,4-tolylene dicarbamic acid radical.

Bevorzugt sind Verbindungen der Formel IV, worin R Wasserstoff ist, R¹¹ Wasserstoff oder Methyl ist, n 2 ist und R¹² der Diacylrest einer aliphatischen Dicarbonsäure mit 4-12 C-Atomen ist.Preferred compounds of the formula IV are those in which R is hydrogen, R 11 is hydrogen or methyl, n is 2 and R 12 is the diacyl radical of an aliphatic dicarboxylic acid having 4-12 C atoms.

Beispiele für Polyalkylpiperidin-Verbindungen dieser Klasse sind folgende Verbindungen:

  • 1) 4-Hydroxy-2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidin
  • 2) 1-Allyl-4-hydroxy-2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidin
  • 3) 1-Benzyl-4-hydroxy-2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidin
  • 4) 1-(4-tert.-Butyl-2-butenyl)-4-hydroxy-2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidin
  • 5) 4-Stearoyloxy-2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidin
  • 6) 1-Ethyl-4-salicyloyloxy-2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidin
  • 7) 4-Methacryloyloxy-1,2,2,6,6-pentamethylpiperidin
  • 8) 1,2,2,6,6-Pentamethylpiperidin-4-yl-β-(3,5-di-tert.-butyl-4-hyd­roxyphenyl)-propionat
  • 9) Di-(1-benzyl-2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidin-4-yl)-maleinat
  • 10) Di-(2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidin-4-yl)-succinat
  • 11) Di-(2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidin-4-yl)-glutarat
  • 12) Di-(2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidin-4-yl)-adipat
  • 13) Di-(2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidin-4-yl)-sebacat
  • 14) Di-(1,2,2,6,6-pentamethylpiperidin-4-yl)-sebacat
  • 15) Di-(1,2,3,6-tetramethyl-2,6-diethyl-piperidin-4-yl)-sebacat
  • 16) Di-(1-allyl-2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidin-4-yl)-phthalat
  • 17) 1-Hydroxy-4-ß-cyanoethyloxy-2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidin
  • 18) 1-Acetyl-2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidin-4-yl-acetat
  • 19) Trimellithsäure-tri-(2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidin-4-yl)-ester
  • 20) 1-Acryloyl-4-benzyloxy-2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidin
  • 21) Diethylmalonsäure-di(2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidin-4-yl)-ester
  • 22) Dibutyl-malonsäure-di-(1,2,2,6,6-pentamethylpiperidin-4-yl)-ester
  • 23) Butyl-(3,5-di-tert.-butyl-4-hydroxybenzyl)malonsäure-di-(1,2,2,6,6-­pentamethylpiperidin-4-yl)-ester
  • 24) Di-(1-octyloxy-2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidin-4-yl)-sebacat
  • 25) Di-(1-cyclohexyloxy-2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidin-4-yl)-sebacat
  • 26) Hexan-1′,6′-bis-(4-carbamoyloxy-1-n-butyl-2,2,6,6-tetramethyl­piperidin)
  • 27) Toluol-2′,4′-bis-(4-carbamoyloxy-1-n-propyl-2,2,6,6-tetramethyl­piperidin)
  • 28) Dimethyl-bis-(2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidin-4-oxy)-silan
  • 29) Phenyl-tris-(2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidin-4-oxy)-silan
  • 30) Tris-(1-propyl-2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidin-4-yl)-phosphit
  • 31) Tris-(1-propyl-2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidin-4-yl)-phosphat
  • 32) Phenyl-[bis-(1,2,2,6,6-pentamethylpiperidin-4-yl)]-phosphonat
  • 33) 4-Hydroxy-1,2,2,6,6-pentamethylpiperidin
  • 34) 4-Hydroxy-N-hydroxyethyl-2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidin
  • 35) 4-Hydroxy-N-(2-hydroxypropyl)-2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidin
  • 36) 1-Glycidyl-4-hydroxy-2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidin
Examples of polyalkylpiperidine compounds of this class are the following compounds:
  • 1) 4-Hydroxy-2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine
  • 2) 1-Allyl-4-hydroxy-2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine
  • 3) 1-Benzyl-4-hydroxy-2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine
  • 4) 1- (4-tert-butyl-2-butenyl) -4-hydroxy-2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine
  • 5) 4-stearoyloxy-2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine
  • 6) 1-ethyl-4-salicyloyloxy-2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine
  • 7) 4-methacryloyloxy-1,2,2,6,6-pentamethylpiperidine
  • 8) 1,2,2,6,6-pentamethylpiperidin-4-yl-β- (3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyphenyl) propionate
  • 9) Di- (1-benzyl-2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidin-4-yl) maleate
  • 10) Di- (2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidin-4-yl) succinate
  • 11) Di- (2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidin-4-yl) glutarate
  • 12) Di- (2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidin-4-yl) adipate
  • 13) Di- (2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidin-4-yl) sebacate
  • 14) Di- (1,2,2,6,6-pentamethylpiperidin-4-yl) sebacate
  • 15) Di- (1,2,3,6-tetramethyl-2,6-diethyl-piperidin-4-yl) sebacate
  • 16) Di- (1-allyl-2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidin-4-yl) phthalate
  • 17) 1-Hydroxy-4-ß-cyanoethyloxy-2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine
  • 18) 1-Acetyl-2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidin-4-yl acetate
  • 19) Trimellitic acid tri (2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidin-4-yl) ester
  • 20) 1-Acryloyl-4-benzyloxy-2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine
  • 21) Diethylmalonic acid di (2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidin-4-yl) ester
  • 22) Dibutyl malonic acid di (1,2,2,6,6-pentamethylpiperidin-4-yl) ester
  • 23) Butyl- (3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxybenzyl) malonic acid di- (1,2,2,6,6-pentamethylpiperidin-4-yl) ester
  • 24) Di- (1-octyloxy-2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidin-4-yl) sebacate
  • 25) Di- (1-cyclohexyloxy-2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidin-4-yl) sebacate
  • 26) hexane-1 ′, 6′-bis- (4-carbamoyloxy-1-n-butyl-2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine)
  • 27) toluene-2 ′, 4′-bis- (4-carbamoyloxy-1-n-propyl-2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine)
  • 28) Dimethyl bis (2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine-4-oxy) silane
  • 29) Phenyl-tris (2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine-4-oxy) silane
  • 30) Tris- (1-propyl-2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidin-4-yl) phosphite
  • 31) Tris- (1-propyl-2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidin-4-yl) phosphate
  • 32) Phenyl- [bis- (1,2,2,6,6-pentamethylpiperidin-4-yl)] phosphonate
  • 33) 4-Hydroxy-1,2,2,6,6-pentamethylpiperidine
  • 34) 4-Hydroxy-N-hydroxyethyl-2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine
  • 35) 4-Hydroxy-N- (2-hydroxypropyl) -2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine
  • 36) 1-Glycidyl-4-hydroxy-2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine

b) Verbindungen der Formel (V)

Figure imgb0004
worin n die Zahl 1 oder 2 bedeutet, R und R¹¹ die unter a) angegebene Bedeutung haben, R¹³ Wasserstoff, C₁-C₁₂-Alkyl, C₂-C₅-Hydroxyalkyl, C₅-C₇-Cycloalkyl, C₇-C₈-Aralkyl, C₂-C₁₈-Alkanoyl, C₃-C₅-Alkenoyl, Benzoyl oder eine Gruppe der Formel
Figure imgb0005
ist und R¹⁴ wenn n 1 ist, Wasserstoff, C₁-C₁₈-Alkyl, C₃-C₈-Alkenyl, C₅-C₇-Cycloalkyl, mit einer Hydroxy-, Cyano-, Alkoxycarbonyl- oder Carbamidgruppe substituiertes C₁-C₄-Alkyl, Glycidyl, eine Gruppe der Formel -CH₂-CH(OH)-Z oder der Formel -CONH-Z ist, worin Z Wasserstoff, Methyl oder Phenyl bedeutet; wenn n 2 ist, C₂-C₁₂-Alkylen, C₆-C₁₂-Arylen, Xylylen, eine -CH₂-CH(OH)-CH₂-Gruppe oder eine Gruppe -CH₂-CH(OH)-CH₂-O-D-O- bedeutet, worin D C₂-C₁₀-Alkylen C₆-C₁₅-Arylen, C₆-C₁₂-Cycloalkylen ist, oder vorausgesetzt, dass R¹³ nicht Alkanoyl, Alkenoyl oder Benzoyl bedeutet, R¹⁴ auch einen zweiwertigen Rest einer aliphatischen, cycloaliphatischen oder aromatischen Dicarbonsäure oder Dicarbaminsäure oder auch die Gruppe -CO- bedeuten kann, oder R¹³ und R¹⁴ zusammen, wenn n 1 ist, den zweiwertigen Rest einer aliphatischen, cycloaliphatischen oder aromatischen 1,2- oder 1,3-Dicarbonsäure bedeuten können.b) compounds of the formula (V)
Figure imgb0004
wherein n is 1 or 2, R and R¹¹ have the meaning given under a), R¹³ is hydrogen, C₁-C₁₂-alkyl, C₂-C₅-hydroxyalkyl, C₅-C₇-cycloalkyl, C₇-C₈-aralkyl, C₂-C₁₈ -Alkanoyl, C₃-C₅-alkenoyl, benzoyl or a group of the formula
Figure imgb0005
is and R¹⁴ when n is 1, hydrogen, C₁-C₁₈-alkyl, C₃-C₈-alkenyl, C₅-C₇-cycloalkyl, C₁-C₄-alkyl, glycidyl substituted with a hydroxy, cyano, alkoxycarbonyl or carbamide group, one Group of the formula -CH₂-CH (OH) -Z or the formula -CONH-Z, wherein Z is hydrogen, methyl or phenyl; when n is 2, C₂-C₁₂ alkylene, C₆-C₁₂ arylene, xylylene, a -CH₂-CH (OH) -CH₂ group or a group -CH₂-CH (OH) -CH₂-ODO-, in which D C₂-C₁₀-alkylene is C₆-C₁₅-arylene, C₆-C₁₂-cycloalkylene, or provided that R¹³ does not mean alkanoyl, alkenoyl or benzoyl, R¹⁴ also a divalent radical of an aliphatic, cycloaliphatic or aromatic dicarboxylic acid or dicarbamic acid or the group - Can mean CO-, or R¹³ and R¹⁴ together, if n is 1, can mean the divalent radical of an aliphatic, cycloaliphatic or aromatic 1,2- or 1,3-dicarboxylic acid.

Stellen etwaige Substituenten C₁-C₁₂- oder C₁-C₁₈-Alkyl dar, so haben sie die bereits unter a) angegebene Bedeutung.If any substituents are C₁-C₁₂- or C₁-C₁₈-alkyl, they have the meaning already given under a).

Bedeuten etwaige Substituenten C₅-C₇-Cycloalkyl, so stellen sie insbe­sondere Cyclohexyl dar.If any substituents are C₅-C₇-cycloalkyl, they represent in particular cyclohexyl.

Als C₇-C₈-Aralkyl ist R¹³ insbesondere Phenylethyl oder vor allem Benzyl. Als C₂-C₅-Hydroxyalkyl ist R¹³ insbesondere 2-Hydroxyethyl oder 2-Hydroxypropyl.As C₇-C₈ aralkyl, R¹³ is especially phenylethyl or especially benzyl. As C₂-C₅-hydroxyalkyl, R¹³ is in particular 2-hydroxyethyl or 2-hydroxypropyl.

R¹³ ist als C₂-C₁₈-Alkanoyl beispielsweise Propionyl, Butyryl, Octanoyl, Dodecanoyl, Hexadecanoyl, Octadecanoyl, aber bevorzugt Acetyl und als C₃-C₅-Alkenoyl insbesondere Acryloyl.R¹³ is as C₂-C₁₈ alkanoyl, for example propionyl, butyryl, octanoyl, dodecanoyl, hexadecanoyl, octadecanoyl, but preferably acetyl and as C₃-C₅-alkenoyl, in particular acryloyl.

Bedeutet R¹⁴ C₂-C₈-Alkenyl, dann handelt es sich z.B. um Allyl, Meth­allyl, 2-Butenyl, 2-Pentenyl, 2-Hexenyl oder 2-Octenyl.R¹⁴ means C₂-C₈ alkenyl, then it is, for example, allyl, methallyl, 2-butenyl, 2-pentenyl, 2-hexenyl or 2-octenyl.

R¹⁴ als mit einer Hydroxy-, Cyano-, Alkoxycarbonyl- oder Carbamidgruppe substituiertes C₁-C₄-Alkyl kann z.B. 2-Hydroxyethyl, 2-Hydroxypropyl, 2-Cyanethyl, Methoxycarbonylmethyl, 2-Ethoxycarbonylethyl, 2-Amino­carbonylpropyl oder 2-(Dimethylaminocarbonyl)-ethyl sein.R¹⁴ as a C₁-C₄ alkyl substituted with a hydroxy, cyano, alkoxycarbonyl or carbamide group can e.g. 2-Hydroxyethyl, 2-hydroxypropyl, 2-cyanoethyl, methoxycarbonylmethyl, 2-ethoxycarbonylethyl, 2-aminocarbonylpropyl or 2- (dimethylaminocarbonyl) ethyl.

Stellen etwaige Substituenten C₂-C₁₂-Alkylen dar, so handelt es sich z.B. um Ethylen, Propylen, 2,2-Dimethylpropylen, Tetramethylen, Hexamethylen, Octamethylen, Decamethylen oder Dodecamethylen.If any substituents are C₂-C₁₂ alkylene, they are e.g. around ethylene, propylene, 2,2-dimethylpropylene, tetramethylene, hexamethylene, octamethylene, decamethylene or dodecamethylene.

Bedeuten etwaige Substituenten C₆-C₁₅-Arylen, so stellen sie z.B. o-, m- oder p-Phenylen, 1,4-Naphthylen oder 4,4′-Diphenylen dar.If any substituents are C₆-C₁₅ arylene, they represent e.g. o-, m- or p-phenylene, 1,4-naphthylene or 4,4'-diphenylene.

Als C₆-C₁₂-Cycloalkylen ist D insbesondere Cyclohexylen.As C₆-C₁₂ cycloalkylene, D is especially cyclohexylene.

Bevorzugt sind Verbindungen der Formel V, worin n 1 oder 2 ist, R Wasser­stoff ist, R¹¹ Wasserstoff oder Methyl ist, R¹³ Wasserstoff, C₁-C₁₂-Alkyl oder eine Gruppe der Formel

Figure imgb0006
ist und R¹⁴ im Fall von n=1 Wasserstoff oder C₁-C₁₂-Alkyl ist, und im Fall von n=2 C₂-C₈-Alkylen ist.Preferred compounds of the formula V are those in which n is 1 or 2, R is hydrogen, R¹¹ is hydrogen or methyl, R¹³ is hydrogen, C₁-C₁₂-alkyl or a group of the formula
Figure imgb0006
is and R¹⁴ in the case of n = 1 is hydrogen or C₁-C₁₂ alkyl, and in the case of n = 2 is C₂-C₈ alkylene.

Beispiele für Polyalkylpiperidin-Verbindungen dieser Klasse sind folgende Verbindungen:

  • 37) N,N′-Bis-(2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidin-4-yl)-hexamethylen-1,6-diamin
  • 38) N,N′-Bis-(2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidin-4-yl)-hexamethylen-1,6-di-­acetamid
  • 39) Bis-(2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidin-4-yl)-amin
  • 40) 4-Benzoylamino-2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidin
  • 41) N,N′-Bis-(2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidin-4-yl)-N,N′-dibutyl-adipamid
  • 42) N,N′-Bis-(2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidin-4-yl)-N,N′-dicyclohexyl-2-­hydroxypropylen-1,3-diamin
  • 43) N,N′-Bis-(2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidin-4-yl)-p-xylylen-diamin
  • 44) N,N′-Bis-(2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidin-4-yl)-succindiamid
  • 45) N-(2,2,6,6-Tetramethylpiperidin-4-yl)-β-aminodipropionsäure-di-­(2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidin-4-yl)-ester
  • 46) Die Verbindung der Formel
    Figure imgb0007
  • 47) 4-(Bis-2-hydroxyethyl-amino)-1,2,2,6,6-pentamethylpiperidin
  • 48) 4-(3-Methyl-4-hydroxy-5-tert.-butyl-benzoesäureamido)-2,2,6,6-tetra­methylpiperidin
  • 49) 4-Methacrylamido-1,2,2,6,6-pentamethylpiperidin
c) Verbindungen der Formel (VI)
Figure imgb0008
worin n die Zahl 1 oder 2 bedeutet, R und R¹¹ die unter a) angegebene Bedeutung haben und R¹⁵, wenn n 1 ist, C₂-C₈-Alkylen oder -Hydroxyalkylen oder C₄-C₂₂-Acyloxyalkylen, wenn n 2 ist, die Gruppe (-CH₂)₂C(CH₂-)₂ bedeutet.Examples of polyalkylpiperidine compounds of this class are the following compounds:
  • 37) N, N'-bis (2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidin-4-yl) hexamethylene-1,6-diamine
  • 38) N, N'-bis (2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidin-4-yl) hexamethylene-1,6-di-acetamide
  • 39) bis (2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidin-4-yl) amine
  • 40) 4-Benzoylamino-2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine
  • 41) N, N'-bis (2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidin-4-yl) -N, N'-dibutyl adipamide
  • 42) N, N'-bis (2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidin-4-yl) -N, N'-dicyclohexyl-2-hydroxypropylene-1,3-diamine
  • 43) N, N'-bis (2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidin-4-yl) -p-xylylene diamine
  • 44) N, N'-bis (2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidin-4-yl) succinic diamide
  • 45) N- (2,2,6,6-Tetramethylpiperidin-4-yl) -β-aminodipropionic acid di- (2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidin-4-yl) ester
  • 46) The compound of the formula
    Figure imgb0007
  • 47) 4- (bis-2-hydroxyethylamino) -1,2,2,6,6-pentamethylpiperidine
  • 48) 4- (3-Methyl-4-hydroxy-5-tert-butyl-benzoic acid amido) -2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine
  • 49) 4-methacrylamido-1,2,2,6,6-pentamethylpiperidine
c) compounds of the formula (VI)
Figure imgb0008
where n is the number 1 or 2, R and R¹¹ have the meaning given under a) and R¹⁵, if n is 1, C₂-C₈-alkylene or hydroxyalkylene or C₄-C₂₂-acyloxyalkylene, if n is 2, the group ( -CH₂) ₂C means (CH₂-) ₂.

Bedeutet R¹⁵ C₂-C₈-Alkylen oder -Hydroxyalkylen, so stellt es bei­spielsweise Ethylen, 1-Methyl-ethylen, Propylen, 2-Ethyl-propylen oder 2-Ethyl-2-hydroxymethylpropylen dar.R¹⁵ means C₂-C₈-alkylene or hydroxyalkylene, it represents, for example, ethylene, 1-methyl-ethylene, propylene, 2-ethyl-propylene or 2-ethyl-2-hydroxymethylpropylene.

Als C₄-C₂₂-Acyloxyalkylen bedeutet R¹⁵ z.B. 2-Ethyl-2-acetoxymethyl­propylen.As C₄-C₂₂-acyloxyalkylene, R¹⁵ means e.g. 2-ethyl-2-acetoxymethylpropylene.

Beispiele für Polyalkylpiperidin-Verbindungen dieser Klasse sind folgende Verbindungen:

  • 50) 9-Aza-8,8,10,10-tetramethyl-1,5-dioxaspiro[5.5]undecan
  • 51) 9-Aza-8,8,10,10-tetramethyl-3-ethyl-1,5-dioxaspiro[5.5]undecan
  • 52) 8-Aza-2,7,7,8,9,9-hexamethyl-1,4-dioxaspiro[4.5]decan
  • 53) 9-Aza-3-hydroxymethyl-3-ethyl-8,8,9,10,10-pentamethyl-1,5-dioxaspiro [5.5]undecan
  • 54) 9-Aza-3-ethyl-3-acetoxymethyl-9-acetyl-8,8,10,10-tetramethyl-1,5-­dioxaspiro[5.5]undecan
  • 55) 2,2,6,6-Tetramethylpiperidin-4-spiro-2′-(1′,3′-dioxan)-5′-spiro-5˝-­(1˝,3˝-dioxan)-2˝-spiro-4‴-(2‴,2‴,6‴,6‴,-tetramethylpiperidin).
Examples of polyalkylpiperidine compounds of this class are the following compounds:
  • 50) 9-aza-8,8,10,10-tetramethyl-1,5-dioxaspiro [5.5] undecane
  • 51) 9-Aza-8,8,10,10-tetramethyl-3-ethyl-1,5-dioxaspiro [5.5] undecane
  • 52) 8-aza-2,7,7,8,9,9-hexamethyl-1,4-dioxaspiro [4.5] decane
  • 53) 9-Aza-3-hydroxymethyl-3-ethyl-8,8,9,10,10-pentamethyl-1,5-dioxaspiro [5.5] undecane
  • 54) 9-Aza-3-ethyl-3-acetoxymethyl-9-acetyl-8,8,10,10-tetramethyl-1,5-dioxaspiro [5.5] undecane
  • 55) 2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine-4-spiro-2 ′ - (1 ′, 3′-dioxane) -5′-spiro-5˝- (1˝, 3˝-dioxane) -2˝- spiro-4 ‴ - (2 ‴, 2 ‴, 6 ‴, 6 ‴, - tetramethylpiperidine).

d) Verbindungen der Formeln VIIA, VIIB und VIIC

Figure imgb0009
worin n die Zahl 1 oder 2 bedeutet, R und R¹¹ die unter a) angegebene Bedeutung haben, R¹⁶ Wasserstoff, C₁-C₁₂-Alkyl, Allyl, Benzyl, Glycidyl oder C₂-C₆-Alkoxyalkyl ist und R¹⁷, wenn n 1 ist, Wasserstoff, C₁-C₁₂-­Alkyl, C₃-C₅-Alkenyl, C₇-Cq-Aralkyl, C₅-C₇ Cycloalkyl, C₂-C₄-Hydroxy­alkyl, C₂-C₆-Alkoxyalkyl, C₆-C₁₀-Aryl, Glycidyl oder eine Gruppe der Formel -(CH₂)p-COO-Q oder der Formel -(CH₂)p-O-CO-Q ist, worin p 1 oder 2 und Q C₁-C₄ Alkyl oder Phenyl sind, wenn n 2 ist, C₂-C₁₂ Alkylen, C₄-C₁₂-Alkenylen, C₆-C₁₂ Arylen, eine Gruppe -CH₂-CH(OH)-CH₂-O-D-O-CH₂-­CH(OH)-CH₂-, worin D C₂-C₁₀ Alkylen, C₆-C₁₅-Arylen, C₆-C₁₂ Cycloalkylen ist, oder eine Gruppe -CH₂CH(OZ′)CH₂-(OCH₂-CH(OZ′)CH₂)₂- bedeutet, worin Z′ Wasserstoff, C₁-C₁₈-Alkyl, Allyl, Benzyl, C₂-C₁₂-Alkanoyl oder Benzoyl ist, T₁ und T₂ unabhängig voneinander Wasserstoff, C₁-C₁₈-Alkyl oder gegebenenfalls durch Halogen oder C₁-C₄-Alkyl substituiertes C₆-C₁₀-Aryl oder C₇-C₉-Aralkyl bedeuten oder T₁ und T₂ zusammen mit dem sie bindenden C-Atom einen C₅-C₁₂-Cycloalkanring bilden.d) compounds of the formulas VIIA, VIIB and VIIC
Figure imgb0009
where n is the number 1 or 2, R and R¹¹ have the meaning given under a), R¹⁶ is hydrogen, C₁-C₁₂-alkyl, allyl, benzyl, glycidyl or C₂-C₆-alkoxyalkyl and R¹⁷, if n is 1, is hydrogen , C₁-C₁₂-alkyl, C₃-C₅-alkenyl, C₇-Cq-aralkyl, C₅-C₇ cycloalkyl, C₂-C₄-hydroxyalkyl, C₂-C₆-alkoxyalkyl, C₆-C₁₀-aryl, glycidyl or a group of the formula - ( CH₂) p -COO-Q or of the formula - (CH₂) p -O-CO-Q, where p is 1 or 2 and Q is C₁-C₄ alkyl or phenyl, if n is 2, C₂-C₁₂ alkylene, C₄- C₁₂-alkenylene, C₆-C₁₂ arylene, a group -CH₂-CH (OH) -CH₂-ODO-CH₂-CH (OH) -CH₂-, wherein D is C₂-C₁₀ alkylene, C₆-C₁₅-arylene, C₆-C₁₂ cycloalkylene is, or a group -CH₂CH (OZ ′) CH₂- (OCH₂-CH (OZ ′) CH₂) ₂-, in which Z ′ is hydrogen, C₁-C₁₈-alkyl, allyl, benzyl, C₂-C₁₂-alkanoyl or benzoyl , T₁ and T₂ independently of one another are hydrogen, C₁-C₁ Alkyl-alkyl or optionally lls by halogen or C₁-C₄-alkyl substituted C₆-C₁₀-aryl or C₇-C₉-aralkyl mean or T₁ and T₂ together with the binding carbon atom form a C₅-C₁₂ cycloalkane ring.

Bedeuten etwaige Substituenten C₁-C₁₂-Alkyl, so stellen sie z.B. Methyl, Ethyl, n-Propyl, n-Butyl, sek.-Butyl, tert.-Butyl, n-Hexyl, n-Octyl, 2-Ethyl-hexyl, n-Nonyl, n-Decyl, n-Undecyl oder n-Dodecyl dar.If any substituents are C₁-C₁₂-alkyl, they represent e.g. Methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, n-butyl, sec-butyl, tert-butyl, n-hexyl, n-octyl, 2-ethyl-hexyl, n-nonyl, n-decyl, n-undecyl or n- Dodecyl.

Etwaige Substituenten in der Bedeutung von C₁-C₁₈-Alkyl können z.B. die oben angeführten Gruppen und dazu noch beispielsweise n-Tridecyl, n-Tetradecyl, n-Hexadecyl oder n-Octadecyl darstellen.Any substituents in the meaning of C₁-C₁₈-alkyl can represent, for example, the groups mentioned above and, for example, n-tridecyl, n-tetradecyl, n-hexadecyl or n-octadecyl.

Bedeuten etwaige Substituenten C₂-C₆-Alkoxyalkyl, so stellen sie z.B. Methoxymethyl, Ethoxymethyl, Propoxymethyl, tert.-Butoxymethyl, Ethoxy­ethyl, Ethoxypropyl, n-Butoxyethyl, tert.-Butoxyethyl, Isopropoxyethyl oder Propoxypropyl dar.If any substituents are C₂-C₆-alkoxyalkyl, they represent e.g. Methoxymethyl, ethoxymethyl, propoxymethyl, tert-butoxymethyl, ethoxyethyl, ethoxypropyl, n-butoxyethyl, tert-butoxyethyl, isopropoxyethyl or propoxypropyl.

Stellt R¹⁷ C₃-C₅-Alkenyl dar, so bedeutet es z.B. 1-Propenyl, Allyl, Methallyl, 2-Butenyl oder 2-Pentenyl.If R¹⁷ is C₃-C₅-alkenyl, it means e.g. 1-propenyl, allyl, methallyl, 2-butenyl or 2-pentenyl.

Als C₇-C₉-Aralkyl sind R¹⁷, T₁ und T₂ insbesondere Phenethyl oder vor allem Benzyl. Bilden T₁ und T₂ zusammen mit dem C-Atom einen Cyclo­alkanring, so kann dies z.B. ein Cyclopentan-, Cyclohexan-, Cyclooctan- oder Cyclododecanring sein.As C₇-C₉ aralkyl R¹⁷, T₁ and T₂ are especially phenethyl or especially benzyl. If T₁ and T₂ form a cycloalkane ring together with the C atom, this can e.g. be a cyclopentane, cyclohexane, cyclooctane or cyclododecane ring.

Bedeutet R¹⁷ C₂-C₄-Hydroxyalkyl, so stellt es z.B. 2-Hydroxyethyl, 2-Hydroxypropyl, 2-Hydroxybutyl oder 4-Hydroxybutyl dar.If R¹⁷ is C₂-C₄-hydroxyalkyl, it is e.g. 2-hydroxyethyl, 2-hydroxypropyl, 2-hydroxybutyl or 4-hydroxybutyl.

Als C₆-C₁₀-Aryl bedeuten R¹⁷, T₁ und T₂ insbesondere Phenyl, α- oder β-Naphthyl, die gegebenenfalls mit Halogen oder C₁-C₄-Alkyl substituiert sind.As C₆-C₁₀ aryl, R¹⁷, T₁ and T₂ mean in particular phenyl, α- or β-naphthyl, which are optionally substituted by halogen or C₁-C₄-alkyl.

Stellt R¹⁷ C₂-C₁₂-Alkylen dar, so handelt es sich z.B. um Ethylen, Propylen, 2,2-Dimethylpropylen, Tetramethylen, Hexamethylen, Octa­methylen, Decamethylen oder Dodecamethylen.If R¹⁷ is C₂-C₁₂ alkylene, it is e.g. around ethylene, propylene, 2,2-dimethylpropylene, tetramethylene, hexamethylene, octamethylene, decamethylene or dodecamethylene.

Als C₄-C₁₂-Alkenylen bedeutet R¹⁷ insbesondere 2-Butenylen, 2-Pentenylen oder 3-Hexenylen.As C₄-C₁₂ alkenylene, R¹⁷ means in particular 2-butenylene, 2-pentenylene or 3-hexenylene.

Bedeutet R¹⁷ C₆-C₁₂ Arylen, so stellt es beispielsweise o-, m- oder p-Phenylen, 1,4-Naphthylen oder 4,4′-Diphenylen dar.R¹⁷ means C₆-C₁₂ arylene, it represents, for example, o-, m- or p-phenylene, 1,4-naphthylene or 4,4'-diphenylene.

Bedeutet Z′ C₂-C₁₂ Alkanoyl, so stellt es beispielsweise Propionyl, Butyryl, Octanoyl, Dodecanoyl, aber bevorzugt Acetyl dar.Z 'means C₂-C₁₂ alkanoyl, for example propionyl, butyryl, octanoyl, dodecanoyl, but preferably acetyl.

D hat als C₂-C₁₀ Alkylen, C₆-C₁₅ Arylen oder C₆-C₁₂ Cycloalkylen die unter b) angegebene Bedeutung.D as C₂-C₁₀ alkylene, C₆-C₁₅ arylene or C₆-C₁₂ cycloalkylene has the meaning given under b).

Beispiele für Polyalkylpiperidin-Verbindungen dieser Klasse sind folgende Verbindungen:

  • 56) 3-Benzyl-1,3,8-triaza-7,7,9,9-tetramethylspiro[4.5]decan-2,4-dion
  • 57) 3-n-Octyl-1,3,8-triaza-7,7,9,9-tetramethylspiro[4.5]decan-2,4-dion
  • 58) 3-Allyl-1,3,8-triaza-1,7,7,9,9-pentamethylspiro[4.5]decan-2,4-dion
  • 59) 3-Glycidyl-1,3,8-triaza-7,7,8,9,9-pentamethylspiro[4.5]decan-2,4-­dion
  • 60) 1,3,7,7,8,9,9-Heptamethyl-1,3,8-triazaspiro[4.5]decan-2,4-dion
  • 61) 2-Iso-propyl-7,7,9,9-tetramethyl-1-oxa-3,8-diaza-4-oxo-spiro-­[4.5]decan
  • 62) 2,2-Dibutyl-7,7,9,9-tetramethyl-1-oxa-3,8-diaza-4-oxo-spiro-[4.5]­decan
  • 63) 2,2,4,4-Tetramethyl-7-oxa-3,20-diaza-21-oxo-dispiro[5.1.11.2]-­heneicosan
  • 64) 2-Butyl-7,7,9,9-tetramethyl-1-oxa-4,8-diaza-3-oxo-spiro-[4,5]decan
  • 65) 8-Acetyl-3-dodecyl-1,3,8-triaza-7,7,9,9-tetramethylspiro[4,5]-decan-­2,4-dion
oder die Verbindungen der folgenden Formeln:
Figure imgb0010
Examples of polyalkylpiperidine compounds of this class are the following compounds:
  • 56) 3-Benzyl-1,3,8-triaza-7,7,9,9-tetramethylspiro [4.5] decane-2,4-dione
  • 57) 3-n-Octyl-1,3,8-triaza-7,7,9,9-tetramethylspiro [4.5] decane-2,4-dione
  • 58) 3-Allyl-1,3,8-triaza-1,7,7,9,9-pentamethylspiro [4.5] decane-2,4-dione
  • 59) 3-Glycidyl-1,3,8-triaza-7,7,8,9,9-pentamethylspiro [4.5] decane-2,4-dione
  • 60) 1,3,7,7,8,9,9-heptamethyl-1,3,8-triazaspiro [4.5] decane-2,4-dione
  • 61) 2-Iso-propyl-7,7,9,9-tetramethyl-1-oxa-3,8-diaza-4-oxo-spiro- [4.5] decane
  • 62) 2,2-Dibutyl-7,7,9,9-tetramethyl-1-oxa-3,8-diaza-4-oxo-spiro- [4.5] decane
  • 63) 2,2,4,4-tetramethyl-7-oxa-3,20-diaza-21-oxo-dispiro [5.1.11.2] heneicosane
  • 64) 2-Butyl-7,7,9,9-tetramethyl-1-oxa-4,8-diaza-3-oxo-spiro [4,5] decane
  • 65) 8-Acetyl-3-dodecyl-1,3,8-triaza-7,7,9,9-tetramethylspiro [4,5] -decane-2,4-dione
or the compounds of the following formulas:
Figure imgb0010

e) Verbindungen der Formel VIII

Figure imgb0011
worin n die Zahl 1 oder 2 ist und R¹⁸ eine Gruppe der Formel
Figure imgb0012
bedeutet, worin R und R¹¹ die unter a) angegebene Bedeutung haben, E -O- oder -NR¹¹- ist, A C₂-C₆-Alkylen oder -(CH₂)₃-O- und x die Zahlen O oder 1 bedeuten, R¹⁹ gleich R¹⁸ oder eine der Gruppen -NR²¹R²², -OR²³, -NHCH₂OR²³ oder -N(CH₂OR²³)₂ ist, R²⁰, wenn n = 1 ist, gleich R¹⁸ oder R¹⁹, und wenn n = 2 ist, eine Gruppe -E-B-E- ist, worin B gegebenen­falls durch -N(R²¹)- unterbrochenes C₂-C₆-Alkylen bedeutet, R¹¹ C₁-C₁₂-Alkyl, Cyclohexyl, Benzyl oder C₁-C₄-Hydroxyalkyl oder eine Gruppe der Formel
Figure imgb0013
ist, R²² C₁-C₁₂ Alkyl, Cyclohexyl, Benzyl, C₁-C₄ Hydroxyalkyl und R²³ Wasserstoff, C₁-C₁₂ Alkyl oder Phenyl bedeuten oder R²¹ und R²² zusammen C₄-C₅-Alkylen oder -Oxaalkylen, beispielsweise
Figure imgb0014
sind oder auch R²¹ und R²² jeweils eine Gruppe der Formel
Figure imgb0015
bedeuten.e) compounds of the formula VIII
Figure imgb0011
wherein n is the number 1 or 2 and R¹⁸ is a group of the formula
Figure imgb0012
means, in which R and R¹¹ have the meaning given under a), E is -O- or -NR¹¹-, A is C₂-C₆alkylene or - (CH₂) ₃-O- and x is the number O or 1, R¹⁹ is the same R¹⁸ or one of the groups -NR²¹R²², -OR²³, -NHCH₂OR²³ or -N (CH₂OR²³) ₂, R²⁰, when n = 1, is equal to R¹⁸ or R¹⁹, and when n = 2, is a group -EBE-, wherein B is optionally interrupted by -N (R²¹) - C₂-C₆-alkylene, R¹¹ is C₁-C₁₂-alkyl, cyclohexyl, benzyl or C₁-C₄-hydroxyalkyl or a group of the formula
Figure imgb0013
is, R²² is C₁-C₁₂ alkyl, cyclohexyl, benzyl, C₁-C₄ hydroxyalkyl and R²³ is hydrogen, C₁-C₁₂ alkyl or phenyl or R²¹ and R²² together are C₄-C₅-alkylene or -oxaalkylene, for example
Figure imgb0014
are or also R²¹ and R²² each a group of the formula
Figure imgb0015
mean.

Bedeuten etwaige Substituenten C₁-C₁₂-Alkyl, so stellen sie bei­spielsweise Methyl, Ethyl, n-Propyl, n-Butyl, sek.-Butyl, tert.-Butyl, n-Hexyl, n-Octyl, 2-Ethylhexyl, n-Nonyl, n-Decyl, n-Undecyl oder n-Dodecyl dar.If any substituents are C₁-C₁₂-alkyl, they are, for example, methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, n-butyl, sec-butyl, tert-butyl, n-hexyl, n-octyl, 2-ethylhexyl, n-nonyl , n-decyl, n-undecyl or n-dodecyl.

Bedeuten etwaige Substituenten C₁-C₄-Hydroxyalkyl, so stellen sie z.B. 2-Hydroxyethyl, 2-Hydroxypropyl, 3-Hydroxypropyl, 2-Hydroxybutyl oder 4-Hydroxybutyl dar.If any substituents are C₁-C₄-hydroxyalkyl, they represent e.g. 2-hydroxyethyl, 2-hydroxypropyl, 3-hydroxypropyl, 2-hydroxybutyl or 4-hydroxybutyl.

Bedeutet A C₂-C₆ Alkylen, so stellt es beispielsweise Ethylen, Propylen, 2,2-Dimethylpropylen, Tetramethylen oder Hexamethylen dar.A means C₂-C₆ alkylene, it represents, for example, ethylene, propylene, 2,2-dimethylpropylene, tetramethylene or hexamethylene.

Stellen R²¹ und R²² zusammen C₄-C₅-Alkylen oder Oxaalkylen dar, so bedeutet dies z.B. Tetramethylen, Pentamethylen oder 3-Oxapenta­methylen.If R²¹ and R²² together represent C₄-C₅-alkylene or oxaalkylene, this means e.g. Tetramethylene, pentamethylene or 3-oxapentamethylene.

Beispiele für Polyalkylpiperidin-Verbindungen dieser Klasse sind die Verbindungen der folgenden Formeln:

Figure imgb0016
Figure imgb0017
Figure imgb0018
Figure imgb0019
Examples of polyalkylpiperidine compounds of this class are the compounds of the following formulas:
Figure imgb0016
Figure imgb0017
Figure imgb0018
Figure imgb0019

f) Oligomere oder polymere Verbindungen, deren wiederkehrende Struktur­einheit einen 2,2,6,6-Tetraalkylpiperidinrest der Formel (I) enthält, insbesondere Polyester, Polyäther, Polyamide, Polyamine, Polyurethane, Polyharnstoffe, Polyaminotriazine, Poly(meth)acrylate, Poly(meth)acryl­amide und deren Copolymere, die solche Reste enthalten.f) oligomers or polymeric compounds whose recurring structural unit contains a 2,2,6,6-tetraalkylpiperidine radical of the formula (I), in particular polyesters, polyethers, polyamides, polyamines, polyurethanes, polyureas, polyaminotriazines, poly (meth) acrylates, poly ( meth) acrylamides and their copolymers which contain such radicals.

Beispiele für 2,2,6,6-Polyalkylpiperidin-Lichtschutzmittel dieser Klasse sind die Verbindungen der folgenden Formeln, wobei m eine Zahl von 2 bis etwa 200 bedeutet.

Figure imgb0020
Figure imgb0021
Figure imgb0022
worin R und R¹¹ die unter a) angegebene Bedeutung haben.Examples of 2,2,6,6-polyalkylpiperidine light stabilizers of this class are the compounds of the following formulas, where m is a number from 2 to about 200.
Figure imgb0020
Figure imgb0021
Figure imgb0022
wherein R and R¹¹ have the meaning given under a).

Bevorzugt sind Verbindungen der Formel IX, worin R Wasserstoff oder Methyl ist und R¹¹ Wasserstoff oder Methyl ist.Preferred compounds of formula IX are those in which R is hydrogen or methyl and R 11 is hydrogen or methyl.

Beispiele für solche Verbindungen sind:

  • 95) 2,2,6,6-Tetramethyl-4-piperidon (Triacetonamin)
  • 96) 1,2,2,6,6-Pentamethyl-4-piperidon
  • 97) 2,2,6,6-Tetramethyl-4-piperidon-1-oxyl
  • 98) 2,3,6-Trimethyl-2,6-diethyl-4-piperidon
Examples of such connections are:
  • 95) 2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-4-piperidone (triacetonamine)
  • 96) 1,2,2,6,6-pentamethyl-4-piperidone
  • 97) 2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-4-piperidone-1-oxyl
  • 98) 2,3,6-trimethyl-2,6-diethyl-4-piperidone

Die Menge des Zusatzes von (B) und (C) zum Basisöl (A) richtet sich nach der Art des Basisöls und nach dem gewünschten Stabilisierungsgrad. Im allgemeinen beträgt die Summe von (B) und (C) 0,1 bis 2 Gew.-%, vorzugsweise 0,5 bis 1 Gew.-%, bezogen auf (A). Das Verhältnis von (B) zu (C) kann in weiten Grenzen variiert werden, im allgemeinen ist (B) die mengenmässig überwiegende Komponente. Vorzugsweise beträgt das Verhältnis (B):(C) 3-5:1.The amount of (B) and (C) added to the base oil (A) depends on the type of base oil and the desired degree of stabilization. In general, the sum of (B) and (C) is 0.1 to 2% by weight, preferably 0.5 to 1% by weight, based on (A). The ratio of (B) to (C) can be varied within wide limits; in general, (B) is the predominant component in terms of quantity. The ratio (B) :( C) is preferably 3-5: 1.

Die Komponente (A) ist ein mineralisches oder synthetisches Basisöl, wie es zur Bereitung von Schmierstoffen üblich ist. Synthetische Oele können z.B. Ester von Polycarbonsäuren oder von Polyolen sein, sie können aliphatische Polyester sein oder Poly-α-olefine, Silicone, Phosphorsäureester oder Polyalkylenglykole. Der Schmierstoff kann auch ein Fett auf Basis eines Oeles und eines Verdickungsmittels sein. Solche Schmierstoffe sind z.B. in D. Klamann "Schmierstoffe und artverwandte Produkte", Verlag Chemie, Weinheim 1982, beschrieben.Component (A) is a mineral or synthetic base oil, as is common for the preparation of lubricants. Synthetic oils can e.g. Esters of polycarboxylic acids or of polyols, they can be aliphatic polyesters or poly-α-olefins, silicones, phosphoric acid esters or polyalkylene glycols. The lubricant can also be a grease based on an oil and a thickener. Such lubricants are e.g. described in D. Klamann "Lubricants and related products", Verlag Chemie, Weinheim 1982.

Der Schmierstoff kann zusätzlich andere Additive enthalten wie z.B. weitere Antioxidantien, Metallpassivatoren, Rostinhibitoren, Viskositätsindex-Verbesserer, Stockpunktserniedriger, Dispergiermittel, Tenside oder Verschleissschutz-Additive.The lubricant can also contain other additives such as e.g. further antioxidants, metal passivators, rust inhibitors, viscosity index improvers, pour point depressants, dispersants, surfactants or wear protection additives.

Beispiele für phenolische AntioxidantienExamples of phenolic antioxidants 1. Alkylierte Monophenole1. Alkylated monophenols

2,6-Di-tert-butyl-4-methylphenol, 2,6-Di-tert-butylphenol, 2-tert-­Butyl-4,6-dimethylphenol, 2,6-Di-tert-butyl-4-ethylphenol, 2,6-Di-­tert-butyl-4-n-butylphenol, 2,6-Di-tert-butyl-4-iso-butylphenol, 2,6-Di-cyclopentyl-4-methylphenol, 2-(α-Methylcyclohexyl)-4,6-di­methylphenol, 2,6-Di-octadecyl-4-methylphenol, 2,4,6-Tri-cyclohexyl­phenol, 2,6-Di-tert-butyl-4-methoxymethylphenol, o-tert-Butylphenol.2,6-di-tert-butyl-4-methylphenol, 2,6-di-tert-butylphenol, 2-tert-butyl-4,6-dimethylphenol, 2,6-di-tert-butyl-4-ethylphenol, 2,6-di-tert-butyl-4-n-butylphenol, 2,6-di-tert-butyl-4-iso-butylphenol, 2,6-di-cyclopentyl-4-methylphenol, 2- (α-methylcyclohexyl ) -4,6-dimethylphenol, 2,6-di-octadecyl-4-methylphenol, 2,4,6-tri-cyclohexylphenol, 2,6-di-tert-butyl-4-methoxymethylphenol, o-tert-butylphenol.

2. Alkylierte Hydrochinone2. Alkylated hydroquinones

2,6-Di-tert-butyl-4-methoxyphenol, 2,5-Di-tert-butyl-hydrochinon, 2,5-Di-tert-amyl-hydrochinon, 2,6-Diphenyl-4-octadecyloxyphenol.2,6-di-tert-butyl-4-methoxyphenol, 2,5-di-tert-butyl-hydroquinone, 2,5-di-tert-amyl-hydroquinone, 2,6-diphenyl-4-octadecyloxyphenol.

3. Hydroxylierte Thiodiphenylether3. Hydroxylated thiodiphenyl ether

2,2′-Thio-bis-(6-tert-butyl-4-methylphenol), 2,2′-Thio-bis-(4-octyl­phenol), 4,4′-Thio-bis-(6-tert-butyl-3-methylphenol), 4,4′-Thio-bis-­(6-tert-butyl-2-methylphenol).2,2'-thio-bis- (6-tert-butyl-4-methylphenol), 2,2'-thio-bis- (4-octylphenol), 4,4'-thio-bis- (6-tert- butyl-3-methylphenol), 4,4'-thio-bis- (6-tert-butyl-2-methylphenol).

4. Alkyliden-Bisphenole4. Alkylidene bisphenols

2,2′-Methylen-bis-(6-tert-butyl-4-methylphenol), 2,2′-Methylen-bis-(6-­tert-butyl-4-ethylphenol), 2,2′-Methylen-bis-[4-methyl-6-(α-methyl­cyclohexyl)-phenol], 2,2′-Methylen-bis-(4-methyl-6-cyclohexylphenol), 2,2′-Methylen-bis-(6-nonyl-4-methylphenol), 2,2′-Methylen-bis-(4,6-di-­tert-butylphenol), 2,2′-Ethyliden-bis-(4,6-di-tert-butylphenol), 2,2′-Ethyliden-bis-(6-tert-butyl-4- oder -5-iso-butylphenol), 2,2′-Methylen-bis-[6-(α-methylbenzyl)-4-nonylphenol], 2,2′-Methylen-­bis-[6-(α,α-dimethylbenzyl)-4-nonylphenol], 4,4′-Methylen-bis-(2,6-di-­tert-butylphenol), 4,4′-Methylen-bis-(6-tert-butyl-2-methylphenol), 1,1-Bis-(5-tert-butyl-4-hydroxy-2-methylphenyl)-butan, 2,6-Di-(3-tert-­butyl-5-methyl-2-hydroxybenzyl)-4-methylphenol, 1,1,3-Tris-(5-tert-­butyl-4-hydroxy-2-methylphenyl)-3-n-dodecylmercaptobutan, Ethylen­glycol-bis-[3,3-bis-(3′-tert-butyl-4′-hydroxyphenyl)-butyrat], Bis-(3-­tert-butyl-4-hydroxy-5-methylphenyl)-dicyclopentadien, Bis-[2-(3′-tert-­butyl-2′ -hydroxy-5′-methyl-benzyl)-6-tert-butyl-4-methyl-phenyl-­terephthalat.2,2'-methylene-bis- (6-tert-butyl-4-methylphenol), 2,2'-methylene-bis- (6-tert-butyl-4-ethylphenol), 2,2'-methylene-bis - [4-methyl-6- (α-methylcyclohexyl) phenol], 2,2'-methylene-bis- (4-methyl-6-cyclohexylphenol), 2,2'-methylene-bis- (6-nonyl- 4-methylphenol), 2,2'-methylene-bis- (4,6-di-tert-butylphenol), 2,2'-ethylidene-bis- (4,6-di-tert-butylphenol), 2,2 '-Ethylidene-bis- (6-tert-butyl-4- or -5-iso-butylphenol), 2,2'-methylene-bis- [6- (α-methylbenzyl) -4-nonylphenol], 2.2 '-Methylene-bis- [6- (α, α-dimethylbenzyl) -4-nonylphenol], 4,4'-methylene-bis- (2,6-di-tert-butylphenol), 4,4'-methylene- bis- (6-tert-butyl-2-methylphenol), 1,1-bis (5-tert-butyl-4-hydroxy-2-methylphenyl) butane, 2,6-di- (3-tert-butyl -5-methyl-2-hydroxybenzyl) -4-methylphenol, 1,1,3-tris (5-tert-butyl-4-hydroxy-2-methylphenyl) -3-n-dodecyl mercaptobutane, ethylene glycol bis- [3 , 3-bis (3'-tert-butyl-4'-hydroxyphenyl) butyrate], bis (3-tert-butyl-4-hydroxy-5-methylphenyl) dicyclopentadiene, bis- [2- (3 ' -t ert-butyl-2 '-hydroxy-5'-methyl-benzyl) -6-tert-butyl-4-methyl-phenyl-terephthalate.

5. Benzylverbindungen5. Benzyl compounds

1,3,5-Tri-(3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxybenzyl)-2,4,6-trimethylbenzol, Bis-(3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxybenzyl)-sulfid, 3,5-Di-tert-butyl-4-­hydroxybenzyl-mercaptoessigsäure-isooctylester, Bis-(4-tert-butyl-3-­hydroxy-2,6-dimethylbenzyl)-dithiol-terephthalat, 1,3,5-Tris-(3,5-di-­tert-butyl-4-hydroxybenzyl)-isocyanurat, 1,3,5-Tris-(4-tert-butyl-3-­hydroxy-2,6-dimethylbenzyl)-isocyanurat, 3,5-Di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxy­benzyl-phosphonsäure-dioctadecylester, 3,5-Di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxy­benzyl-phosphonsäure-monoethylester, Calcium-salz.1,3,5-tri (3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxybenzyl) -2,4,6-trimethylbenzene, bis- (3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxybenzyl) - sulfide, isooctyl 3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxybenzyl-mercaptoacetic acid, bis- (4-tert-butyl-3-hydroxy-2,6-dimethylbenzyl) -dithiol terephthalate, 1,3,5- Tris (3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxybenzyl) isocyanurate, 1,3,5-tris (4-tert-butyl-3-hydroxy-2,6-dimethylbenzyl) isocyanurate, 3, 5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxybenzylphosphonic acid dioctadecyl ester, 3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxybenzylphosphonic acid monoethyl ester, calcium salt.

6. Acylaminophenole6. Acylaminophenols

4-Hydroxy-laurinsäureanilid, 4-Hydroxy-stearinsäureanilid, 2,4-Bis-­octylmercapto-6-( 3, 5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyanilino)-s-triazin, N-( 3, 5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyphenyl)-carbaminsäureoctylester.4-hydroxy-lauric anilide, 4-hydroxy-stearic anilide, 2,4-bis-octylmercapto-6- (3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyanilino) -s-triazine, N- (3,5-di tert-butyl-4-hydroxyphenyl) carbamic acid octyl ester.

7. Ester der β-(3,5-Di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyphenyl)-propionsäure7. Esters of β- (3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyphenyl) propionic acid

mit ein- oder mehrwertigen Alkoholen, wie z.B. mit Methanol, Diethylenglycol, Octadecanol, Triethylenglycol, 1,6-Hexan­diol, Pentaerythrit, Neopentylglycol, Tris-hydroxyethyl-isocyanurat, Thiodiethylenglycol, Bis-hydroxyethyl-oxalsäurediamid.with mono- or polyhydric alcohols, e.g. with methanol, diethylene glycol, octadecanol, triethylene glycol, 1,6-hexanediol, pentaerythritol, neopentyl glycol, tris-hydroxyethyl isocyanurate, thiodiethylene glycol, bis-hydroxyethyl oxalic acid diamide.

8. Ester der β-(5-tert-butyl-4-hydroxy-3-methylphenyl)-propion säure8. Ester of β- (5-tert-butyl-4-hydroxy-3-methylphenyl) propionic acid

mit ein- oder mehrwertigen Alkoholen, wie z.B. mit Methanol, Diethylenglycol, Octadecanol, Triethylenglycol, 1,6-Hexan­diol, Pentaerythrit, Neopentylglycol, Tris-hydroxyethyl-isocyanurat, Thiodiethylenglycol, Di-hydroxyethyl-oxalsäurediamid.with mono- or polyhydric alcohols, e.g. with methanol, diethylene glycol, octadecanol, triethylene glycol, 1,6-hexanediol, pentaerythritol, neopentyl glycol, tris-hydroxyethyl isocyanurate, thiodiethylene glycol, di-hydroxyethyl oxalic acid diamide.

9. Amide der β-(3,5-Di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyphenyl)-propionsäure,9. amides of β- (3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyphenyl) propionic acid,

wie z.B. N,N′-Bis-(3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyphenylpropionyl)-hexa­methylendiamin, N,N′-Bis-(3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyphenylpropionyl)-­trimethylendiamin, N,N′-Bis-(3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyphenyl­propionyl)-hydrazin.such as. N, N'-bis (3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyphenylpropionyl) hexamethylene diamine, N, N'-bis (3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyphenylpropionyl) trimethylene diamine, N, N'-bis (3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyphenylpropionyl) hydrazine.

Beispiele für weitere Antioxidantien:Examples of other antioxidants:

Aliphatische oder aromatische Phosphite, Ester der Thiodipropionsäure oder der Thiodiessigsäure, oder Salze der Dithiocarbamid- oder Dithio­phosphorsäure.Aliphatic or aromatic phosphites, esters of thiodipropionic acid or thiodiacetic acid, or salts of dithiocarbamide or dithiophosphoric acid.

Beispiele für Metall-Desaktivatoren, z.B. für Kupfer, sind:Examples of metal deactivators, e.g. for copper, are:

Triazole, Benztriazole und deren Derivate, Tolutriazole und deren Derivate, 2-Mercaptobenzthiazol, 2-Mercaptobenztriazol, 2,5-Dimercapto­benztriazol, 2,5-Dimercaptobenzthiadiazol, 5,5′-Methylenbisbenz­triazol, 4,5,6,7-Tetrahydrobenztriazol, Salicyliden-propylendiamin, Salicylaminoguanidin und dessen Salze.Triazoles, benzotriazoles and their derivatives, tolutriazoles and their derivatives, 2-mercaptobenzthiazole, 2-mercaptobenztriazole, 2,5-dimercaptobenztriazole, 2,5-dimercaptobenzthiadiazole, 5,5'-methylenebisbenzotriazole, 4,5,6,7-tetrahydrobenztriazole, salicylides -propylenediamine, salicylaminoguanidine and its salts.

Beispiele für Rost-Inhibitoren sind:Examples of rust inhibitors are:

  • a) Organische Säuren, ihre Ester, Metallsalze und Anhydride, z.B.:
    N-Oleoyl-sarcosin, Sorbitan-mono-oleat, Blei-naphthenat, Alkenyl­bernsteinsäureanhydrid, z.B. Dodecenylbernsteinsäure-anhydrid, Alkenylbernsteinsäure-Teilester und -Teilamide, 4-Nonylphenoxy­essigsäure.
    a) Organic acids, their esters, metal salts and anhydrides, for example:
    N-oleoyl-sarcosine, sorbitan mono-oleate, lead naphthenate, alkenylsuccinic anhydride, for example dodecenylsuccinic anhydride, alkenylsuccinic acid partial esters and partial amides, 4-nonylphenoxyacetic acid.
  • b) Stickstoffhaltige Verbindungen, z.B.:
    • I. Primäre, sekundäre oder tertiäre aliphatische oder cycloali­phatische Amine und Amin-Salze von organischen und anorganischen Säuren, z.B. öllösliche Alkylammoniumcarboxylate.
    • II. Heterocyclische Verbindungen, z.B.:
      Substituierte Imidazoline und Oxazoline.
    b) nitrogen-containing compounds, for example:
    • I. Primary, secondary or tertiary aliphatic or cycloaliphatic amines and amine salts of organic and inorganic acids, for example oil-soluble alkylammonium carboxylates.
    • II. Heterocyclic compounds, for example:
      Substituted imidazolines and oxazolines.
  • c) Phosphorhaltige Verbindungen, z.B.:
    Aminsalze von Phosphorsäurepartialestern oder Phosphonsäurepartial­estern, Zinkdialkyldithiophosphate.
    c) phosphorus-containing compounds, for example:
    Amine salts of phosphoric acid partial esters or phosphonic acid partial esters, zinc dialkyldithiophosphates.
  • d) Schwefelhaltige Verbindungen, z.B.:
    Barium-dinonylnaphthalin-sulfonate, Calciumpetroleum-sulfonate.
    d) sulfur-containing compounds, for example:
    Barium dinonylnaphthalene sulfonates, calcium petroleum sulfonates.
Beispiele für Viskositätsindex-Verbesserer sind:Examples of viscosity index improvers are:

Polyacrylate, Polymethacrylate, Vinylpyrrolidon/Methacrylat-­Copolymere, Polyvinylpyrrolidone, Polybutene, Olefin-Copolymere, Styrol/Acrylat-Copolymere, Polyether.Polyacrylates, polymethacrylates, vinyl pyrrolidone / methacrylate copolymers, polyvinyl pyrrolidones, polybutenes, olefin copolymers, styrene / acrylate copolymers, polyethers.

Beispiele für Stockpunkterniedriger sind:Examples of pour point depressants are:

Polymethacrylat, alkylierte Naphthalinderivate.Polymethacrylate, alkylated naphthalene derivatives.

Beispiele für Dispergiermittel/Tenside sind:Examples of dispersants / surfactants are:

Polybutenylbernsteinsäureamide oder -imide, Polybutenylphosphon­säurederivate, basische Magnesium-, Calcium-, und Bariumsulfonate und -phenolate.Polybutenylsuccinic acid amides or imides, polybutenylphosphonic acid derivatives, basic magnesium, calcium and barium sulfonates and phenolates.

Beispiele für Verschleissschutz-Additive sind:Examples of wear protection additives are:

Schwefel und/oder Phosphor und/oder Halogen enthaltende Verbindungen, wie geschwefelte pflanzliche Oele, Zinkdialkyldithiophosphate, Tritolyl-phosphat, chlorierte Paraffine, Alkyl- und Aryldi- und tri-sulfide, Triphenylphosphorothionate, Diethanolaminomethyltolyl­triazol, Di(2-ethylhexyl)aminomethyltolyltriazol.Compounds containing sulfur and / or phosphorus and / or halogen, such as sulfurized vegetable oils, zinc dialkyldithiophosphates, tritolyl phosphate, chlorinated paraffins, alkyl and aryl di- and tri-sulfides, triphenyl phosphorothionates, diethanolaminomethyltolyltriazole, di (2-ethyltylylolyl) aminol.

Von besonderer Bedeutung ist der Zusatz von phenolischen Antioxidantien und/oder von aliphatischen und aromatischen Phosphiten oder Phos­phoniten, die die Stabilisatorwirkung der Komponenten (B) und (C) erhöhen können.Of particular importance is the addition of phenolic antioxidants and / or of aliphatic and aromatic phosphites or phosphonites, which can increase the stabilizing effect of components (B) and (C).

Beispiele für verwendbare Phosphite und Phosphonite sind:
Triphenylphosphit, Decyl-diphenylphosphit, Phenyl-didecylphosphit, Tris-(nonylphenyl)-phosphit, Trilaurylphosphit, Trioctadecylphosphit, Distearyl-pentaerythritdiphosphit, Tris-(2,4-di-tert.butylphenyl)-­phosphit, Diisodecylpentaerythrit-diphosphit, Bis-(2,4-di-tert.butyl­phenyl)-pentaerythritdiphosphit, Tristearyl-sorbit-triphosphit, Tetrakis-(2,4-di-tert.butylphenyl)-4, 4′-biphenylen-diphosphonit, Bis-(2,6-di-tert.butyl-4-methyl-phenyl)-pentaerythrit-diphosphit.
Examples of usable phosphites and phosphonites are:
Triphenyl phosphite, decyl diphenyl phosphite, phenyl didecyl phosphite, tris- (nonylphenyl) phosphite, trilauryl phosphite, trioctadecyl phosphite, distearyl-pentaerythritol diphosphite, tris- (2,4-di-tert.butylphenyl) -phosphite, diisodechritol , 4-di-tert.butylphenyl) pentaerythritol diphosphite, tristearyl sorbitol triphosphite, tetrakis (2,4-di-tert.butylphenyl) -4, 4′-biphenylene diphosphonite, bis- (2,6-di- tert-butyl-4-methylphenyl) pentaerythritol diphosphite.

Die einzelnen Zusätze werden im Oel gelöst. Zur Beschleunigung des Lösevorganges kann das Oel erwärmt werden oder man löst die Zusätze in einem Lösungsmittel vor.The individual additives are dissolved in the oil. To accelerate the dissolving process, the oil can be heated or the additives can be pre-dissolved in a solvent.

Der Schmierstoff kann auch Zusätze an festen Schmierstoffen enthalten, wie z.B. Graphit oder Molybdänsulfid.The lubricant can also contain additives to solid lubricants, e.g. Graphite or molybdenum sulfide.

Die nachfolgenden Beispiele erläutern die Erfindung näher. Darin bedeuten Teile Gewichtsteile und Prozente Gewichtsprozente, soweit nicht anders angegeben.The following examples explain the invention in more detail. Parts by weight and percentages mean percentages by weight, unless stated otherwise.

Beispiel 1:Example 1:

Mittels eines Differential-Scanning-Calorimeters (Thermo­analysator 1090 der Fa. Du Pont) wird die Induktionszeit der Oxidation von Oelproben durch Luft, die 400 ppm NO₂ enthält, unter isothermen Bedingungen gemessen. Die Messung geschieht bei 170°C unter einem Druck von 8 bar. Als Basisöl wird ein Standard-Mineralöl (Aral® 136) ver­wendet, dem 1 Vol-% 1-Decen zur Steigerung der Sauerstoffempfindlich­keit zugesetzt wird. Zum Oel werden die folgenden Amin-Stabilisatoren zugesetzt.Using a differential scanning calorimeter (thermal analyzer 1090 from Du Pont), the induction time of the oxidation of oil samples by air containing 400 ppm NO₂ is measured under isothermal conditions. The measurement takes place at 170 ° C under a pressure of 8 bar. A standard mineral oil (Aral® 136) is used as the base oil, to which 1% by volume 1-decene is added to increase the sensitivity to oxygen. The following amine stabilizers are added to the oil.

Aromatische Amine:Aromatic amines:

  • A-1 Technisches Gemisch erhalten durch Reaktion von Diphenylamin mit Diisobutylen, enthaltend
    • a) 3 % Diphenylamin
    • b) 14 % 4-tert.Butyl-diphenylamin,
    • c) 30 % 4-tert.Octyl-diphenylamin, 4,4′-Di-tert.butyl-diphenylamin und 2,4,4′-Tri-tert.butyl-diphenylamin,
    • d) 29 % 4-tert.Butyl-4′-tert.octyl-diphenylamin, 2,2′- und 3,3′-Di­tert.octyl-diphenylamin und 2,4-Di-tert.butyl-4′-tert.octyl-di­phenylamin,
    • e) 18 % 4,4′-Di-tert.octyl-diphenylamin,
    • f) 6 % 2,4-Di-tert.octyl-4′-tert.butyl-diphenylamin.
    A-1 Technical mixture obtained by reacting diphenylamine with diisobutylene
    • a) 3% diphenylamine
    • b) 14% 4-tert-butyl-diphenylamine,
    • c) 30% of 4-tert-octyl-diphenylamine, 4,4'-di-tert-butyl-diphenylamine and 2,4,4'-tri-tert-butyl-diphenylamine,
    • d) 29% 4-tert-butyl-4'-tert.octyl-diphenylamine, 2,2'- and 3,3'-ditert.octyl-diphenylamine and 2,4-di-tert.butyl-4'-tert .octyl-diphenylamine,
    • e) 18% 4,4'-di-tert-octyl-diphenylamine,
    • f) 6% 2,4-di-tert.octyl-4'-tert.butyl-diphenylamine.
  • A-2 3,7-Di(tert.octyl)-phenothiazinA-2 3,7-di (tert-octyl) phenothiazine
Gehinderte Amine:Hindered amines:

  • H-1 Di-(2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidin-4-yl)-sebacatH-1 di- (2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidin-4-yl) sebacate
  • H-2 2,2,6,6-Tetramethyl-4-piperidonH-2 2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-4-piperidone
  • H-3 Di-(2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidin-4-yl)-succinatH-3 di- (2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidin-4-yl) succinate
  • H-4 Di-(1,2,2,6,6-pentamethylpiperidin-4-yl)-sebacatH-4 di- (1,2,2,6,6-pentamethylpiperidin-4-yl) sebacate
  • H-5 2,3,6-Trimethyl-2,6-diethyl-4-piperidonH-5 2,3,6-trimethyl-2,6-diethyl-4-piperidone
  • H-6 2,2,6,6-Tetramethyl-4-butylaminopiperidinH-6 2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-4-butylaminopiperidine

In Tabelle 1 sind die Induktionszeiten angegeben. Je höher die Induktionszeit ist, desto höher ist die antioxidative Wirkung der Stabilisator-Zusätze. Tabelle 1 Aromat. Amin Gehindertes Amin Induktionszeit (min) - - 43 0,55 % A-1 - 80 0,45 % A-1 0,10 % H-1 91,5 0,45 % A-1 0,10 % H-2 91,5 0,45 % A-1 0,10 % H-3 90,5 0,45 % A-1 0,10 % H-4 90 0,45 % A-1 0,10 % H-5 84,5 0,45 % A-1 0,10 % H-6 89 Table 1 shows the induction times. The longer the induction time, the higher the antioxidant effect of the stabilizer additives. Table 1 Aromat. Amine Hindered amine Induction time (min) - - 43 0.55% A-1 - 80 0.45% A-1 0.10% H-1 91.5 0.45% A-1 0.10% H-2 91.5 0.45% A-1 0.10% H-3 90.5 0.45% A-1 0.10% H-4 90 0.45% A-1 0.10% H-5 84.5 0.45% A-1 0.10% H-6 89

Beispiel 2:Example 2:

Bei der Oxidation von Kohlenwasserstoffen entstehen sauerstoffhaltige Gruppen wie z.B. Hydroxyl-, Carboxyl- oder Ester­gruppen. Durch Infrarot-Spektroskopie lässt sich die Menge solcher Gruppen gut messen und daraus die Aktivität von Antioxidantien be­stimmen. Hierzu werden Proben eines Standard-Mineralöls (Aral® 136), dem zur Erhöhung der Sauerstoffempfindlichkeit 1 Vol-% 1-Decen beige­mischt wird, unter isothermen Bedingungen in einer Atmosphäre von Luft, der 400 ppm NO₂ zugemischt wird, unter einem Druck von 8 bar für 12 h erwärmt. Anschliessend wird die IR-Absorption bei 1730 cm⁻¹ und 1630⁻¹ gemessen. Je niedriger diese Werte sind, desto höher ist die Aktivität der Stabilisatoren. Die Tabellen 2a und 2b zeigen die Ergebnisse bei verschiedenen Temperaturen. Tabelle 2a Oxidation bei 120°C Stabilisator IR-Absorption bei 1730 cm⁻¹ bei 1630⁻¹ 0,55 % A-1 0,471 1,051 0,45 % A-1 + 0,10 % H-2 0,392 0,839 0,45 % A-1 + 0,10 % H-3 0,424 0,863 0,45 % A-1 + 0,10 % H-5 0,396 0,673

Figure imgb0023
The oxidation of hydrocarbons creates oxygen-containing groups such as hydroxyl, carboxyl or ester groups. The amount of such groups can be measured well by infrared spectroscopy and the activity of antioxidants can be determined therefrom. For this purpose, samples of a standard mineral oil (Aral® 136), to which 1 vol% 1-decene is added to increase the sensitivity to oxygen, under isothermal conditions in an atmosphere of air to which 400 ppm NO₂ is added, under a pressure of 8 bar warmed for 12 h. Then the IR absorption at 1730 cm30¹ and 1630⁻¹ is measured. The lower these values are, the higher the activity of the stabilizers. Tables 2a and 2b show the results at different temperatures. Table 2a Oxidation at 120 ° C stabilizer IR absorption at 1730 cm⁻¹ at 1630⁻¹ 0.55% A-1 0.471 1,051 0.45% A-1 + 0.10% H-2 0.392 0.839 0.45% A-1 + 0.10% H-3 0.424 0.863 0.45% A-1 + 0.10% H-5 0.396 0.673
Figure imgb0023

Beispiel 3:Example 3:

Das Oxidationsverhalten von erfindungsgemäss stabilisierten Schmierölen wurde auch nach der TOST-Methode (turbine oxidation stability test) gemäss ASTM D-943 geprüft.
Hierzu werden 300 ml eines Mineralöls (Mobil STOC K 305) mit 60 ml Wasser versetzt und in Gegenwart von Eisen- und Kupferdraht unter Durchleiten von Sauerstoff 1000 Stunden auf 95°C erwärmt. Gemessen wird die Bildung von Säuren durch Bestimmung der Neutralisationszahl TAN (mg KOH/g Oel) sowie die gebildete Menge an Schlamm = SLUDGE.
The oxidation behavior of lubricating oils stabilized according to the invention was also tested according to the TOST method (turbine oxidation stability test) in accordance with ASTM D-943.
For this purpose, 300 ml of a mineral oil (Mobil STOC K 305) are mixed with 60 ml of water and heated to 95 ° C for 1000 hours in the presence of iron and copper wire while passing oxygen through. The formation of acids is measured by determining the neutralization number TAN (mg KOH / g oil) and the amount of sludge formed = SLUDGE.

Als Stabilisation wird das Amin A-1 allein und im Gemisch mit dem gehinderten Amin H-7 = 2,2,6,6-Tetramethyl-4-dodecyloxypiperidin verwendet, wobei die Gesamtkonzentration der Stabilisatoren immmer 0,25 %, bezogen auf das Oel, beträgt. A-1 H-7 TAN (mg KOH/g Oel) SLUDGE (mg) 100 % - 0,46 30 95 % 5 % 0,38 27 90 % 10 % 0,30 24 75 % 25 % 0,31 27 The amine A-1 is used alone and as a mixture with the hindered amine H-7 = 2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-4-dodecyloxypiperidine, the total concentration of the stabilizers always being 0.25%, based on the oil , is. A-1 H-7 TAN (mg KOH / g oil) SLUDGE (mg) 100% - 0.46 30th 95% 5% 0.38 27th 90% 10% 0.30 24th 75% 25% 0.31 27th

Beispiel 4:Example 4:

Analog Beispiel 1 wird die Induktionszeit der Oxidation bei 170°C gemessen. Dabei werden die folgenden gehinderten Amine verwendet:

  • H-8 N,N′-Bis(2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidin-4-yl)-hexamethylendiamin
  • H-9 N,N′-Bis(2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidin-4-yl)-pentamethylendiamin
  • H-10 4-(3-Methoxypropylamino)-2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidin
Tabelle 4 Aromatisches Amin Gehindertes Amin Induktionszeit (min) - - 48 0,55 % A-1 - 86 0,45 % A-1 0,10 % H-8 95 0,45 % A-1 0,10 % H-9 96 0,45 % A-1 0,10 % H-10 89 Analogously to example 1, the induction time of the oxidation is measured at 170 ° C. The following hindered amines are used:
  • H-8 N, N'-bis (2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidin-4-yl) hexamethylene diamine
  • H-9 N, N'-bis (2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidin-4-yl) pentamethylene diamine
  • H-10 4- (3-methoxypropylamino) -2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine
Table 4 Aromatic amine Hindered amine Induction time (min) - - 48 0.55% A-1 - 86 0.45% A-1 0.10% H-8 95 0.45% A-1 0.10% H-9 96 0.45% A-1 0.10% H-10 89

Beispiel 5:Example 5:

Wie in Beispiel 1 beschrieben wird die Induktionszeit der Oxidation bei 170°C gemessen. Hierbei wird als aromatisches Amin verwendet:

  • A-3 N-(p-Octylphenyl)-1-naphthylamin
Tabelle 5 Aromatisches Amin Gehindertes Amin Induktionszeit (min) 0,55 % A-3 - 52,8 0,45 % A-3 0,10 % H-7 66 As described in Example 1, the induction time of the oxidation is measured at 170 ° C. The aromatic amine used is:
  • A-3 N- (p-octylphenyl) -1-naphthylamine
Table 5 Aromatic amine Hindered amine Induction time (min) 0.55% A-3 - 52.8 0.45% A-3 0.10% H-7 66

Beispiel 6:Example 6:

Die Oxidationsbeständigkeit kann auch durch Messung der Viskositätszunahme bei Behandlung mit Sauerstoff bei erhöhter Tempera­tur gemessen werden.The resistance to oxidation can also be measured by measuring the increase in viscosity when treated with oxygen at elevated temperature.

Dazu wird durch das Oel 70 Stunden bei 150°C ein Sauerstoff-­Strom (1l/h) durchgeleitet. Das Oel wird vorher mit einer katalytischen Menge eines Kupfernaphthenates sensibilisiert. Die Viskosität des Oeles wird vorher und nachher mit einem Ubbelode-Viskosimeter gemessen. Tabelle 6 Oel Prozentuale Zunahme der Viskosität Basisöl 168 % Basisöl mit Zusatz von 0,6 % A-1 und 0,15 % H-8 3,4 % For this purpose, an oxygen stream (1 l / h) is passed through the oil at 150 ° C. for 70 hours. The oil is previously sensitized with a catalytic amount of a copper naphthenate. The viscosity of the oil is measured before and after with an Ubbelode viscometer. Table 6 Oil Percentage increase in viscosity Base oil 168% Base oil with the addition of 0.6% A-1 and 0.15% H-8 3.4%

Claims (15)

1. Schmierstoffzusammensetzung, enthaltend (A) ein mineralisches oder synthetisches Basisöl oder ein Gemisch solcher Oele, (B) mindestens ein aromatisches Amin der Formel I oder II,
Figure imgb0024
worin R¹ C₁-C₁₈-Alkyl, C₇-C₉-Phenylalkyl, C₅-C₁₂-Cycloalkyl, Phenyl, C₇-C₁₈-Alkylphenyl, C₇-C₁₈-Alkoxyphenyl oder Naphthyl bedeutet,
R² Phenyl, C₇-C₁₀-Alkylphenyl, C₇-C₁₈-Alkoxyphenyl oder Naphthyl bedeutet,
R³ Wasserstoff, C₁-C₁₂-Alkyl, Benzyl, Allyl, Methallyl, Phenyl oder eine Gruppe -CH₂SR⁴ bedeutet,
R⁴ C₄-C₁₈-Alkyl, -CH₂COO(C₄-C₁₈-Alkyl) oder -CH₂CH₂COO(C₄-C₁₈-Alkyl) bedeutet, und
R⁵ und R⁶ unabhängig voneinander H, C₁-C₁₈-Alkyl oder C₇-C₉-Phenylalkyl bedeuten und
(C) mindestens ein sterisch gehindertes Amin.
1. Lubricant composition containing (A) a mineral or synthetic base oil or a mixture of such oils, (B) at least one aromatic amine of the formula I or II,
Figure imgb0024
wherein R¹ is C₁-C₁₈-alkyl, C₇-C₉-phenylalkyl, C₅-C₁₂-cycloalkyl, phenyl, C₇-C₁₈-alkylphenyl, C₇-C₁₈-alkoxyphenyl or naphthyl,
R² is phenyl, C₇-C₁₀-alkylphenyl, C₇-C₁₈-alkoxyphenyl or naphthyl,
R³ is hydrogen, C₁-C₁₂-alkyl, benzyl, allyl, methallyl, phenyl or a group -CH₂SR⁴,
R⁴ is C₄-C₁₈-alkyl, -CH₂COO (C₄-C₁₈-alkyl) or -CH₂CH₂COO (C₄-C₁₈-alkyl), and
R⁵ and R⁶ independently of one another are H, C₁-C₁₈-alkyl or C₇-C₉-phenylalkyl and
(C) at least one sterically hindered amine.
2. Zusammensetzung gemäss Anspruch 1, enthaltend als Komponente (B) mindestens eine Verbindung der Formel I oder II, worin
R¹ C₁-C₄-Alkyl, C₇-C₉-Phenylalkyl, Cyclohexyl, Phenyl, C₁₀-C₁₈-Alkyl­phenyl oder Naphthyl bedeutet,
R² C₁₀-C₁₈-Alkylphenyl oder Phenyl bedeutet,
R³ Wasserstoff, C₁-C₈-Alkyl, Benzyl, Allyl oder eine Gruppe -CH₂SR⁴ bedeutet,
R⁴ C₈-C₁₈-Alkyl oder -CH₂COO(C₈-C₁₈-Alkyl) bedeutet, und
R⁵ und R⁶ unabhängig voneinander H, C₁-C₁₂-Alkyl oder C₇-C₉-Phenylalkyl bedeuten.
2. Composition according to claim 1, containing as component (B) at least one compound of formula I or II, wherein
R¹ is C₁-C₄-alkyl, C₇-C₉-phenylalkyl, cyclohexyl, phenyl, C₁₀-C₁₈-alkylphenyl or naphthyl,
R² is C₁₀-C₁₈ alkylphenyl or phenyl,
R³ is hydrogen, C₁-C₈-alkyl, benzyl, allyl or a group -CH₂SR⁴,
R⁴ is C₈-C₁₈-alkyl or -CH₂COO (C₈-C₁₈-alkyl), and
R⁵ and R⁶ independently of one another are H, C₁-C₁₂-alkyl or C₇-C₉-phenylalkyl.
3. Zusammensetzung gemäss Anspruch 1, enthaltend als Komponente (B) mindestens eine Verbindung der Formel 1, worin R¹ und R² unabhängig voneinander Phenyl oder C₁₀-C₁₈-Alkylphenyl bedeuten und R³ Wasserstoff ist.3. Composition according to claim 1, containing as component (B) at least one compound of formula 1, wherein R¹ and R² independently of one another are phenyl or C₁₀-C₁₈ alkylphenyl and R³ is hydrogen. 4. Zusammensetzung gemäss Anspruch 1, enthaltend als Komponente (B) mindestens eine Verbindung der Formel II, worin R³ Wasserstoff ist und R⁵ und R⁶ unabhängig voneinander H oder C₄-C₁₂-Alkyl bedeuten.4. Composition according to claim 1, containing as component (B) at least one compound of formula II, wherein R³ is hydrogen and R⁵ and R⁶ independently of one another are H or C₄-C₁₂-alkyl. 5. Zusammensetzung gemäss Anspruch 1, enthaltend als Komponente (B) 4,4′-Di-tert.octyl-diphenylamin, 3,7-Di-tert.octyl-phenothiazin oder ein technisches Gemisch erhalten durch Reaktion von Diphenylamin mit Diisobutylen.5. Composition according to claim 1, containing as component (B) 4,4'-di-tert.octyl-diphenylamine, 3,7-di-tert.octyl-phenothiazine or a technical mixture obtained by reaction of diphenylamine with diisobutylene. 6. Zusammensetzung gemäss Anspruch 1, enthaltend als Komponente (C) eine Verbindung, die mindestens eine Gruppe der Formel III enthält,
Figure imgb0025
worin R Wasserstoff oder Methyl ist.
6. The composition according to claim 1, comprising as component (C) a compound which contains at least one group of the formula III,
Figure imgb0025
where R is hydrogen or methyl.
7. Zusammensetzung gemäss Anspruch 6, worin R Wasserstoff ist.7. The composition according to claim 6, wherein R is hydrogen. 8. Zusammensetzung gemäss Anspruch 6, enthaltend als Komponente (C) eine Verbindung der Formel IV,
Figure imgb0026
worin R Wasserstoff ist, R¹¹ Wasserstoff oder Methyl ist, n 2 ist und R¹² der Diacylrest einer aliphatischen Dicarbonsäure mit 4-12 C-Atomen ist.
8. Composition according to claim 6, containing as component (C) a compound of formula IV,
Figure imgb0026
wherein R is hydrogen, R¹¹ is hydrogen or methyl, n is 2 and R¹² is the diacyl radical of an aliphatic dicarboxylic acid with 4-12 C atoms.
9. Zusammensetzung gemäss Anspruch 6, enthaltend als Komponente (C) eine Verbindung der Formel V,
Figure imgb0027
worin n 1 oder 2 ist, R Wasserstoff ist, R¹¹ Wasserstoff oder Methyl ist, R¹³ Wasserstoff, C₁-C₁₂-Alkyl oder eine Gruppe der Formel
Figure imgb0028
ist und R¹⁴ im Fall von n=1, Wasserstoff oder C₁-C₁₂-Alkyl ist, und im Fall von n=2 C₂-C₈-Alkylen ist.
9. The composition according to claim 6, comprising as component (C) a compound of formula V,
Figure imgb0027
wherein n is 1 or 2, R is hydrogen, R¹¹ is hydrogen or methyl, R¹³ is hydrogen, C₁-C₁₂ alkyl or a group of the formula
Figure imgb0028
is and R¹⁴ in the case of n = 1, is hydrogen or C₁-C₁₂-alkyl, and in the case of n = 2 is C₂-C₈-alkylene.
10. Zusammensetzung gemäss Anspruch 6, enthaltend als Komponente (C) eine Verbindung der Formel IX,
Figure imgb0029
worin R Wasserstoff oder Methyl ist und R¹¹ Wasserstoff oder Methyl ist.
10. The composition according to claim 6, comprising as component (C) a compound of formula IX,
Figure imgb0029
wherein R is hydrogen or methyl and R¹¹ is hydrogen or methyl.
11. Zusammensetzung gemäss Anspruch 1, enthaltend 0,1 bis 2 Gew.-% der Summe von (B) und (C), bezogen auf (A).11. The composition according to claim 1, containing 0.1 to 2 wt .-% of the sum of (B) and (C), based on (A). 12. Zusammensetzung gemäss Anspruch 1, worin das Verhältnis von (B) zu (C) 3-5 Gewichtsteile (B) pro Gewichtsteil (C) beträgt.12. The composition according to claim 1, wherein the ratio of (B) to (C) 3-5 parts by weight (B) per part by weight (C). 13. Zusammensetzung gemäss Anspruch 1, enthaltend (D) ein phenolisches Antioxidans. 13. The composition according to claim 1, containing (D) a phenolic antioxidant. 14. Zusammensetzung gemäss Anspruch 1, enthaltend (E) ein aliphatisches oder aromatisches Phosphit oder Phosphonit. 14. The composition according to claim 1, containing (E) an aliphatic or aromatic phosphite or phosphonite. 15. Verwendung einer Zusammensetzung gemäss Anspruch 1 als Motorenöl.15. Use of a composition according to claim 1 as motor oil.
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EP0406825A1 (en) * 1989-07-07 1991-01-09 Ciba-Geigy Ag Lubricant composition
EP0406826A1 (en) * 1989-07-07 1991-01-09 Ciba-Geigy Ag Lubricant composition
US5268113A (en) * 1989-07-07 1993-12-07 Ciba-Geigy Corporation Lubricant composition
US5167844A (en) * 1989-11-08 1992-12-01 Ciba-Geigy Corporation Lubricant formulations
EP0432089A1 (en) * 1989-11-08 1991-06-12 Ciba-Geigy Ag Lubricating oil compositions
EP0475904A2 (en) * 1990-09-13 1992-03-18 Ciba-Geigy Ag Mixtures and compositions containing phenothiazines
EP0475904A3 (en) * 1990-09-13 1993-02-03 Ciba-Geigy Ag Mixtures and compositions containing phenothiazines
GB2253411A (en) * 1991-01-08 1992-09-09 Ciba Geigy Ag Lubricant compositions containing antioxidant additives
BE1004925A5 (en) * 1991-01-08 1993-02-23 Ciba Geigy Ag LUBRICANT COMPOSITIONS CONTAINING A COMBINATION OF STABILIZERS.
US5198130A (en) * 1991-01-08 1993-03-30 Ciba-Geigy Corporation Lubricant compositions
FR2671354A1 (en) * 1991-01-08 1992-07-10 Ciba Geigy Ag LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS COMPRISING AN ASSOCIATION OF STABILIZERS.
GB2253411B (en) * 1991-01-08 1994-12-07 Ciba Geigy Ag Lubricant compositions
US5773393A (en) * 1991-09-16 1998-06-30 The Lubrizol Corporation Oil compositions useful in hydraulic fluids
US6013704A (en) * 1996-09-13 2000-01-11 Ciba Specialty Chemicals Corporation Hydroxyphenyltriazines
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RU2462505C2 (en) * 2006-07-31 2012-09-27 Циба Холдинг Инк. Lubricant composition
WO2008015116A3 (en) * 2006-07-31 2008-03-20 Ciba Sc Holding Ag Lubricant composition
US9370764B2 (en) 2007-05-23 2016-06-21 International Paper Company Compositions and particles containing cellulosic fibers and stabilized-and/or activated-urease inhibitors, as well as methods of making and using the same
US20080294132A1 (en) * 2007-05-23 2008-11-27 Zheng Tan Cellulosic fiber compositions having odor control and methods of making and using the same
US8809616B2 (en) * 2007-05-23 2014-08-19 International Paper Company Cellulosic fiber compositions having odor control and methods of making and using the same
EP2671449A1 (en) 2012-06-06 2013-12-11 Construction Research & Technology GmbH Use of vanadium pentoxide particles as a biocide
CN104640961A (en) * 2012-08-14 2015-05-20 巴斯夫欧洲公司 Polymer for lubricant compositions and method of forming the same
EP2885388A4 (en) * 2012-08-14 2016-03-09 Basf Se Polymer for lubricant compositions and method of forming the same
US9688938B2 (en) 2012-08-14 2017-06-27 Basf Se Lubrican composition comprising acyclic hindered amines
US9862909B2 (en) 2012-08-14 2018-01-09 Basf Se Polymer for lubricant compositions and method of forming the same
US9902916B2 (en) 2012-08-14 2018-02-27 Basf Se Lubricant composition comprising hindered cyclic amines
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JPH0273894A (en) 1990-03-13
DE58904610D1 (en) 1993-07-15
CA1334532C (en) 1995-02-21
SU1736343A3 (en) 1992-05-23
CN1041610A (en) 1990-04-25
EP0356677B1 (en) 1993-06-09
ES2055762T3 (en) 1994-09-01
AU3817489A (en) 1990-01-18
KR970007781B1 (en) 1997-05-16
ZA895408B (en) 1990-03-28
CN1020748C (en) 1993-05-19
JP2832541B2 (en) 1998-12-09
KR910003078A (en) 1991-02-26
AU621910B2 (en) 1992-03-26
BR8903526A (en) 1990-03-13
MX169536B (en) 1993-07-09
US5073278A (en) 1991-12-17

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