EP0355103B1

EP0355103B1 - A method of manufacturing a truss beam

Info

Publication number: EP0355103B1
Application number: EP88903297A
Authority: EP
Inventors: John Grandinetti
Original assignee: INTEGRATED TECHNOLOGIES Ltd
Current assignee: INTEGRATED TECHNOLOGIES Ltd
Priority date: 1987-04-09
Filing date: 1988-04-11
Publication date: 1991-12-27
Anticipated expiration: 2008-04-11
Also published as: GB8708500D0; NO885476L; DK496589A; AU616887B2; JPH03500068A; BR8807454A; NO885476D0; DK496589D0; WO1988008064A1; DE3867235D1; FI894791A0; CN88102214A; GB2204614A; EP0355103A1; ATE70877T1; AU1577988A; KR890700726A

Abstract

A carcase (1) is firstly manufactured by arranging a plurality of elongate members (4) of a composite material around a plurality of spacer members (2). A plurality of taut wires (5, 5') is subsequently wound around the carcase (1) such that each elongate member (4) is contacted by one of the wires (5, 5') in the plane of each spacer member (2). The wires (5, 5') may be subsequently adhered to the carcase (1), preferably by means of melting a thermoplastics coating of the wires (5, 5') and allowing the coating to set. The beam produced by this method is lightweight and strong.

Description

The invention relates to a method of manufacturing a truss beam.
Truss beams are commonly made either of steel or of composite material. Steel beams are strong but are very heavy and thus awkward to handle. Comparatively strong beams of composite material are produced in sections using a tool which inevitably increases the cost of manufacture. Furthermore, such beams of composite material have large solid sections which cause the beams to be undesirably heavy. The invention seeks to provide a strong, lightweight truss beam which is easy and cheap to manufacture.
GB2047738A discloses a truss beam manufactured from a number of frame bars braced apart by a plurality of internal bracing elements having struts which are inclined to the axes of the frame bars. Wires are wound in zig-zag form around the frame bars. Forces transmitted between the frame bars must necessarily follow the path of the bracing elements which are then subjected to relatively high stresses. A truss beam having planar plates in combination with inclined bracing elements to increase the beam's resistance to torsion is also disclosed. However, the amount of material required to produce such a beam is extremely high.
The invention provides a method of manufacturing a truss beam characterised by the steps of:

(a) manufacturing a carcase comprising a plurality of substantially parallel elongate members spaced apart by a plurality of planar spacer plates arranged substantially perpendicular to the longitudinal axes of the elongate members; and
(b) subsequently winding a plurality of taut flexible elements around the carcase such that each elongate member is contacted by one of the flexible elements in the plane of each spacer plate and is held in place thereby.

Preferably some of the flexible elements are wound around the carcase such that the edges of the spacer plates are contacted by the same some flexible elements between adjacent elongate members.
Preferably each flexible element is fixed to the carcase at each point of contact therebetween.
Preferably the elongate members are tubular.
Preferably the elongate members are of a composite material comprising thermosetting or thermoplastics resin and fibres.
Preferably the materials used are selected such that their modulii of elasticity, Poisson's ratios and densities have values of the same order.
Preferably the materials used are selected such that they have modulii of elasticity, Poisson's ratios and densities of substantially the same values.
Preferably each flexible element is electrically conductive material and preferably has a coating of a thermoplastics material.
Preferably the flexible elements are made to adhere to the carcase by passing an electrical current therethrough.
The spacing of the elongate members of a beam produced according to the method described above allows a beam of low mass per unit length to be produced. The flexible elements contact the elongate members in the plane of each spacer plate in order to press the elongate members towards the spacer plates and retain a close fit therebetween. The beam thus produced then behaves as a single member for mechanical purposes: the flexible elements carry the majority of any stresses which are applied to the beam. The beam is therefore strong and lightweight. It may also be manufactured in substantial lengths, rather than in sections
An embodiment of the invention is shown in the accompanying drawing, wherein;

Fig. 1 is a perspective view of three spacer plates arranged along a tube or shaft;
Fig. 2 is a perspective view of a carcase comprising the spacer plates and shaft of Fig. 1 and further tubes arranged in a predetermined manner;
Fig. 3 is a perspective view of the carcase of Fig. 2 with a first wire wound around the tubes; and
Fig. 4 is a perspective view of the carcase of Fig. 3 with a second wire wound around the tubes.

As can be seen from the drawings, the method according to the invention begins with the manufacture of the carcase 1. Spacer plates 2 of a composite material of glassfibres and a thermoplastics resin are spaced at equal intervals along a shaft or tube 3. The shaft or tube 3 is arranged on a vertically rotatable turntable to increase the accessibility of the beam during manufacture. Elongate members in the form of tubes 4 also of a similar composite material are then arranged in predetermined positions in relation to the spacer plates 2.
A plurality of wires 5 is then wound in a predetermined pattern around the carcase 1. This pattern may be a spiral pattern. Each tube 4 is contacted by a wire 5 in the plane of each spacer plate 2. The edges of each spacer plate 2 are crossed by a wire 5 between adjacent tubes 4. Further wires 5′ are then added to increase the stability and strength of the beam. The further wires 5′ are also wound in a spiral pattern, preferably rotating in the opposite direction to the first wires 5. The further wires 5′ also contact the tubes 4 in the plane of each spacer plate 2 and the edges of the spacer plates 2 are each crossed by a wire 5′ between adjacent tubes 4.
Each of the wires 5,5′ has a core of electrically conducting material and a coating of a thermoplastics material. The wires 5, 5′ are made to adhere to the carcase 1 by passing a current through the core such that the thermoplastics coating is melted. The thermoplastics resin of the composite material of the tubes 4 and spacer plates 2 is also melted in the region adjacent each point of contact with the wires 5,5′. When the current is cut off and the wires 5,5′ cool, the thermoplastics resin sets joining the wire 5,5′ to the tubes 4 and the spacer plates 2.
Although the elongate members described above are tubular, it would be equally acceptable to utilise solid bars of relatively lightweight construction or tubular members filled with foam or synthetic material. Different arrangements of elongate members around the spacer plates are possible: the arrangement shown in the representations is by way of example only. The invention is not limited to elongate members of composite material - it is envisaged that elongate members comprising thin-walled steel or aluminium tubes would also be suitable.
The flexible elements may be wires, lines or bands of steel or other metal, or could comprise non-metallic materials of high tensile strength such as carbon- or glass-reinforced resin. The flexible elements may have a coating of a plastics material and may be adhered to the carcase by means other than those described above, e.g. by direct application of heat to to thermoplastics coating. Alternatively, the flexible elements may be fixed to the carcase at either end of the beam or at periodical intervals. The fixing may take any suitable form, e.g. by tying, welding or repeated winding. Patterns other than spirals may be used, provided that the elongate members are contacted by the flexible elements in the plane of each spacer plate.
It should be understood that a single flexible element refers to a wire or the like running from one end of the beam to the other. It would, of course, be possible to arrange for successively wound flexible elements to be connected end to end and wound back and forth along the beam.

Claims

1. A method of manufacturing a truss beam characterised by the steps of:

(a) manufacturing a carcase (1) comprising a plurality of substantially parallel elongate members (4) spaced apart by a plurality of planar spacer plates (2) arranged substantially perpendicular to the longitudinal axes of the elongate members (4); and

(b) subsequently winding a plurality of taut flexible elements (5,5′) around the carcase (1) such that each elongate member (4) is contacted by one of the flexible elements (5,5′) in the plane of each spacer plate (2) and is held in place thereby.

2. A method as claimed in claim 1, wherein some of the flexible elements (5,5') contact free edges of the spacer plates (2) between adjacent elongate members (4).

3. A method as claimed in claim 1 or 2, wherein the flexible elements (5,5') are fixed to the carcase (1) at each point of contact therebetween.

4. A method as claimed in any one of the preceding claims, wherein the elongate members (4) are tubular.

5. A method as claimed in any one of the preceding claims, wherein the materials of the beam are selected such that they have modulii of elasticity (E_ij), Poisson's ratios (V_ij) and densities (ρ) with values of the same order of magnitude.

6. A method as claimed in claim 5, wherein the materials of the beam are selected such that they have substantially the same modulus of elasticity (E_ij), Poisson's ratio (V_ij) and density (ρ).

7. A method as claimed in claim 6, wherein the elongate members (4), the spacer plates (2) and the flexible members (5,5′) all comprise the same material.

8. A method as claimed in any one of the preceding claims, wherein the elongate members (4) are of composite material comprising thermosetting or thermoplastic resin and fibres.

9. A method as claimed in any one of the preceding claims, wherein the spacer plates (2) are arranged substantially equidistantly along the carcase (1).

10. A method as claimed in any one of the preceding claims, wherein each flexible element (5,5′) is electrically conductive.

11. A method as claimed in any one of the preceding claims, wherein the flexible elements (5,5′) and the carcase (1) are locally heated at their mutual intersections in order to melt the thermoplastics coating and thus adhere the flexible elements (5,5′) to the carcase (1).

12. A method as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 10, wherein the flexible elements (5,5′) are made to adhere to the carcase (1) by passing an electrical current therethrough.

13. A method as claimed in any one of the preceding claims, wherein each flexible element (5,5′) has a coating of thermoplasics material.

14. A method as claimed in any one of the preceeding claims, wherein the beam is manufactured with the spacer plates (2) arranged on a rotatable shaft (3).