EP0355103A1 - A method of manufacturing a truss beam. - Google Patents

A method of manufacturing a truss beam.

Info

Publication number
EP0355103A1
EP0355103A1 EP88903297A EP88903297A EP0355103A1 EP 0355103 A1 EP0355103 A1 EP 0355103A1 EP 88903297 A EP88903297 A EP 88903297A EP 88903297 A EP88903297 A EP 88903297A EP 0355103 A1 EP0355103 A1 EP 0355103A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
carcase
members
flexible elements
spacer
elongate members
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP88903297A
Other languages
German (de)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP0355103B1 (en
Inventor
John Grandinetti
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Integrated Technology Ltd
Original Assignee
Integrated Technology Ltd
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Integrated Technology Ltd filed Critical Integrated Technology Ltd
Priority to AT88903297T priority Critical patent/ATE70877T1/en
Publication of EP0355103A1 publication Critical patent/EP0355103A1/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0355103B1 publication Critical patent/EP0355103B1/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04C—STRUCTURAL ELEMENTS; BUILDING MATERIALS
    • E04C3/00—Structural elongated elements designed for load-supporting
    • E04C3/02—Joists; Girders, trusses, or trusslike structures, e.g. prefabricated; Lintels; Transoms; Braces
    • E04C3/29—Joists; Girders, trusses, or trusslike structures, e.g. prefabricated; Lintels; Transoms; Braces built-up from parts of different material, i.e. composite structures
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04C—STRUCTURAL ELEMENTS; BUILDING MATERIALS
    • E04C3/00—Structural elongated elements designed for load-supporting
    • E04C3/02—Joists; Girders, trusses, or trusslike structures, e.g. prefabricated; Lintels; Transoms; Braces
    • E04C3/29—Joists; Girders, trusses, or trusslike structures, e.g. prefabricated; Lintels; Transoms; Braces built-up from parts of different material, i.e. composite structures
    • E04C3/291—Joists; Girders, trusses, or trusslike structures, e.g. prefabricated; Lintels; Transoms; Braces built-up from parts of different material, i.e. composite structures with apertured web
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04C—STRUCTURAL ELEMENTS; BUILDING MATERIALS
    • E04C3/00—Structural elongated elements designed for load-supporting
    • E04C3/02—Joists; Girders, trusses, or trusslike structures, e.g. prefabricated; Lintels; Transoms; Braces
    • E04C3/04—Joists; Girders, trusses, or trusslike structures, e.g. prefabricated; Lintels; Transoms; Braces of metal
    • E04C3/08—Joists; Girders, trusses, or trusslike structures, e.g. prefabricated; Lintels; Transoms; Braces of metal with apertured web, e.g. with a web consisting of bar-like components; Honeycomb girders
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04C—STRUCTURAL ELEMENTS; BUILDING MATERIALS
    • E04C3/00—Structural elongated elements designed for load-supporting
    • E04C3/02—Joists; Girders, trusses, or trusslike structures, e.g. prefabricated; Lintels; Transoms; Braces
    • E04C3/04—Joists; Girders, trusses, or trusslike structures, e.g. prefabricated; Lintels; Transoms; Braces of metal
    • E04C2003/0404—Joists; Girders, trusses, or trusslike structures, e.g. prefabricated; Lintels; Transoms; Braces of metal beams, girders, or joists characterised by cross-sectional aspects
    • E04C2003/0408—Joists; Girders, trusses, or trusslike structures, e.g. prefabricated; Lintels; Transoms; Braces of metal beams, girders, or joists characterised by cross-sectional aspects characterised by assembly or the cross-section
    • E04C2003/0413—Joists; Girders, trusses, or trusslike structures, e.g. prefabricated; Lintels; Transoms; Braces of metal beams, girders, or joists characterised by cross-sectional aspects characterised by assembly or the cross-section being built up from several parts
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04C—STRUCTURAL ELEMENTS; BUILDING MATERIALS
    • E04C3/00—Structural elongated elements designed for load-supporting
    • E04C3/02—Joists; Girders, trusses, or trusslike structures, e.g. prefabricated; Lintels; Transoms; Braces
    • E04C3/04—Joists; Girders, trusses, or trusslike structures, e.g. prefabricated; Lintels; Transoms; Braces of metal
    • E04C2003/0404—Joists; Girders, trusses, or trusslike structures, e.g. prefabricated; Lintels; Transoms; Braces of metal beams, girders, or joists characterised by cross-sectional aspects
    • E04C2003/0426—Joists; Girders, trusses, or trusslike structures, e.g. prefabricated; Lintels; Transoms; Braces of metal beams, girders, or joists characterised by cross-sectional aspects characterised by material distribution in cross section
    • E04C2003/0434—Joists; Girders, trusses, or trusslike structures, e.g. prefabricated; Lintels; Transoms; Braces of metal beams, girders, or joists characterised by cross-sectional aspects characterised by material distribution in cross section the open cross-section free of enclosed cavities
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04C—STRUCTURAL ELEMENTS; BUILDING MATERIALS
    • E04C3/00—Structural elongated elements designed for load-supporting
    • E04C3/02—Joists; Girders, trusses, or trusslike structures, e.g. prefabricated; Lintels; Transoms; Braces
    • E04C3/04—Joists; Girders, trusses, or trusslike structures, e.g. prefabricated; Lintels; Transoms; Braces of metal
    • E04C2003/0404—Joists; Girders, trusses, or trusslike structures, e.g. prefabricated; Lintels; Transoms; Braces of metal beams, girders, or joists characterised by cross-sectional aspects
    • E04C2003/0443—Joists; Girders, trusses, or trusslike structures, e.g. prefabricated; Lintels; Transoms; Braces of metal beams, girders, or joists characterised by cross-sectional aspects characterised by substantial shape of the cross-section
    • E04C2003/0465—Joists; Girders, trusses, or trusslike structures, e.g. prefabricated; Lintels; Transoms; Braces of metal beams, girders, or joists characterised by cross-sectional aspects characterised by substantial shape of the cross-section square- or rectangular-shaped
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04C—STRUCTURAL ELEMENTS; BUILDING MATERIALS
    • E04C3/00—Structural elongated elements designed for load-supporting
    • E04C3/02—Joists; Girders, trusses, or trusslike structures, e.g. prefabricated; Lintels; Transoms; Braces
    • E04C3/04—Joists; Girders, trusses, or trusslike structures, e.g. prefabricated; Lintels; Transoms; Braces of metal
    • E04C2003/0486—Truss like structures composed of separate truss elements
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04C—STRUCTURAL ELEMENTS; BUILDING MATERIALS
    • E04C3/00—Structural elongated elements designed for load-supporting
    • E04C3/02—Joists; Girders, trusses, or trusslike structures, e.g. prefabricated; Lintels; Transoms; Braces
    • E04C3/04—Joists; Girders, trusses, or trusslike structures, e.g. prefabricated; Lintels; Transoms; Braces of metal
    • E04C2003/0486—Truss like structures composed of separate truss elements
    • E04C2003/0495—Truss like structures composed of separate truss elements the truss elements being located in several non-parallel surfaces

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a method of manufacturing a truss beam.
  • Truss beams are commonly made either of steel or of composite material, steel beams are strong but are very heavy and thus awkward to handle. Comparatively strong beams of composite material are produced in sections using a tool which inevitably increases the cost of manufacture. Furthermore, such beams of composite material have large solid sections which cause the beams to be undesirably heavy.
  • the invention seeks to provide a strong, lightweight truss beam which is easy and cheap to manufacture.
  • the flexible elements are wound around the carcase such that the edges of the spacer members are contacted by the same some flexible elements between adjacent elongate members.
  • each flexible element is fixed to the carcase at each point of contact therebetween.
  • the elongate members are tubular.
  • the elongate members are of a composite material comprising thermosetting or thermoplastics resin and fibres.
  • the materials used are selected such that their modulii of elasticity, Poisson's ratios and densities have values of the same order.
  • each flexible element is electrically conductive material and preferably has a coating of a thermoplastics material.
  • the flexible elements are made to adhere to the carcase by passing an electrical current therethrough.
  • the spacing of the elongate members of a beam produced according to the method described above allows a beam of low mass per unit length to be produced.
  • the flexible elements contact the elongate members in the plane of each spacer member in order to press the elongate members towards the spacer members and retain a close fit therebetween.
  • the beam thus produced then behaves as a single member for mechanical purposes: the flexible elements carry the majority of any stresses which are applied to the beam.
  • the beam is therefore strong and lightweight. It may also be manufactured in substantial lengths, rather than in sections
  • Fig. 1 is a perspective view of three spacer members arranged along a tube or shaft
  • Fig. 2 is a perspective view of a carcase comprising the spacer members and shaft of Fig. 1 and further tubes arranged in a predetermined manner;
  • Fig. 3 is a perspective view of the carcase of Fig. 2 with a first wire wound around the tubes;
  • Fig. 4 is a perspective view of the carcase of Fig. 3 with a second wire wound around the tubes.
  • the method according to the invention begins with the manufacture of the carcase 1.
  • Spacer members 2 of a composite material of gla ⁇ sfibres and a thermoplastics resin are spaced at equal intervals along a shaft or tube 3.
  • the shaft or tube 3 is arranged on a vertically rotatable turntable to increase the accessibility of the beam during manufacture.
  • Elongate members in the form of tubes 4 also of a similar composite material are then arranged in predetermined positions in relation to the spacer members 2.
  • a plurality of wires 5 is then wound in a predetermined pattern around the carcase 1. This pattern may be a spiral pattern.
  • Each tube 4 is contacted by a wire 5 in the plane of each spacer member 2.
  • the edges of each spacer member 2 are crossed by a wire 5 between adjacent tubes 4.
  • Further wires 5' are then added to increase the stability and strength of the beam.
  • the further wires 5' are also wound in a spiral pattern, preferably rotating in the opposite direction to the first wires 5.
  • the further wires 5' also contact the tubes 4 in the plane of each spacer member 2 and the edges of the spacer members 2 are each crossed by a wire 5* between adjacent tubes 4.
  • Each of the wires 5,5' has a core of electrically conducting material and a coating of a thermoplastics material.
  • the wires 5, 5' are made to adhere to the carcase 1 by passing a current through the core such that the thermoplastics coating is melted.
  • the thermoplastics resin of the composite material of the tubes 4 and spacer members 2 is also melted in the region adjacent each point of contact with the wires 5,5'. When the current is cut off and the wires 5,5' cool, the thermoplastics resin sets joining the wire 5,5' to the tubes 4 and the spacer members 2.
  • elongate members described above are . tubular, it would be equally acceptable to utilise solid bars of relatively lightweight construction or tubular members filled with foam or synthetic material. Different arrangements of elongate members around the spacer members are possible: the arrangement shown in the representations is by way of example only. The invention is not limited to elongate members of composite material - it is envisaged that elongate members comprising thin-walled steel or aluminium tubes would also be suitable.
  • the flexible elements may be wires, lines or bands of steel or other metal, or could comprise non-metallic materials of high tensile strength such as carbon- or glass-reinforced resin.
  • the flexible elements may have a coating of a plastics material and may be adhered to the carcase by means other than those described above, e.g. by direct application of heat to to thermoplastics coating.
  • the fexible elements may be fixed to the carcase at either end of the beam or at periodical intervals.
  • the fixing may take any suitable form, e.g. by tying, welding or repeated winding. Patterns other than spirals may be used, provided that the elongate members are contacted by the flexible elements in the plane of each spacer member.
  • thermoplastics resin which may be used for the elongate members and the coating of the wires is that known in Sweden as "Aramid”. Nylon could also be used. This is by way of example only.
  • a single flexible element refers to a wire of the like running from one end of the beam to the other. It would, of course, be possible to arrange for successively wound flexible elements to be connected end to end and wound back and forth along the beam.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Architecture (AREA)
  • Civil Engineering (AREA)
  • Structural Engineering (AREA)
  • Composite Materials (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Rod-Shaped Construction Members (AREA)
  • Laminated Bodies (AREA)
  • External Artificial Organs (AREA)
  • Glass Compositions (AREA)
  • Inorganic Insulating Materials (AREA)
  • Diaphragms For Electromechanical Transducers (AREA)
  • Slide Fasteners, Snap Fasteners, And Hook Fasteners (AREA)
  • Electrical Discharge Machining, Electrochemical Machining, And Combined Machining (AREA)
  • Mechanical Treatment Of Semiconductor (AREA)
  • Superconductors And Manufacturing Methods Therefor (AREA)
  • Lining Or Joining Of Plastics Or The Like (AREA)
  • Manufacture Of Motors, Generators (AREA)
  • Moulding By Coating Moulds (AREA)
  • Electronic Switches (AREA)
  • Control Of El Displays (AREA)
  • Ropes Or Cables (AREA)

Abstract

A carcase (1) is firstly manufactured by arranging a plurality of elongate members (4) of a composite material around a plurality of spacer members (2). A plurality of taut wires (5, 5') is subsequently wound around the carcase (1) such that each elongate member (4) is contacted by one of the wires (5, 5') in the plane of each spacer member (2). The wires (5, 5') may be subsequently adhered to the carcase (1), preferably by means of melting a thermoplastics coating of the wires (5, 5') and allowing the coating to set. The beam produced by this method is lightweight and strong.

Description

A Method of Manufacturing a Truss Beam
The invention relates to a method of manufacturing a truss beam.
Truss beams are commonly made either of steel or of composite material, steel beams are strong but are very heavy and thus awkward to handle. Comparatively strong beams of composite material are produced in sections using a tool which inevitably increases the cost of manufacture. Furthermore, such beams of composite material have large solid sections which cause the beams to be undesirably heavy. The invention seeks to provide a strong, lightweight truss beam which is easy and cheap to manufacture.
The invention provides a method of manufacturing a truss beam characterised by the steps of:
(a) manufacturing a carcase (1) comprising a plurality of elongate members (4) spaced apart by a plurality of planar spacer members (2); and
(b) subsequently winding a plurality of taut flexible elements (5,5') around the carcase (1) such that each elongate member (4) is contacted by one of the flexible elements (5,5') in the plane of each spacer member (2) and is held in place thereby.
Preferably some of the flexible elements are wound around the carcase such that the edges of the spacer members are contacted by the same some flexible elements between adjacent elongate members.
Preferably each flexible element is fixed to the carcase at each point of contact therebetween.
Preferably the elongate members are tubular.
Preferably the elongate members are of a composite material comprising thermosetting or thermoplastics resin and fibres.
Preferably the materials used are selected such that their modulii of elasticity, Poisson's ratios and densities have values of the same order.
Preferably the materials used are selected such that they have modulii of elasticity, Poisson's ratios and densities of substantially the same values. Preferably each flexible element is electrically conductive material and preferably has a coating of a thermoplastics material.
Preferably the flexible elements are made to adhere to the carcase by passing an electrical current therethrough.
The spacing of the elongate members of a beam produced according to the method described above allows a beam of low mass per unit length to be produced. The flexible elements contact the elongate members in the plane of each spacer member in order to press the elongate members towards the spacer members and retain a close fit therebetween. The beam thus produced then behaves as a single member for mechanical purposes: the flexible elements carry the majority of any stresses which are applied to the beam. The beam is therefore strong and lightweight. It may also be manufactured in substantial lengths, rather than in sections
An embodiment of the invention is shown in the accompanying drawing, wherein;
Fig. 1 is a perspective view of three spacer members arranged along a tube or shaft; Fig. 2 is a perspective view of a carcase comprising the spacer members and shaft of Fig. 1 and further tubes arranged in a predetermined manner;
Fig. 3 is a perspective view of the carcase of Fig. 2 with a first wire wound around the tubes; and
Fig. 4 is a perspective view of the carcase of Fig. 3 with a second wire wound around the tubes.
As can be seen from the drawings, the method according to the invention begins with the manufacture of the carcase 1. Spacer members 2 of a composite material of glaεsfibres and a thermoplastics resin are spaced at equal intervals along a shaft or tube 3. The shaft or tube 3 is arranged on a vertically rotatable turntable to increase the accessibility of the beam during manufacture. Elongate members in the form of tubes 4 also of a similar composite material are then arranged in predetermined positions in relation to the spacer members 2.
A plurality of wires 5 is then wound in a predetermined pattern around the carcase 1. This pattern may be a spiral pattern. Each tube 4 is contacted by a wire 5 in the plane of each spacer member 2. The edges of each spacer member 2 are crossed by a wire 5 between adjacent tubes 4. Further wires 5' are then added to increase the stability and strength of the beam. The further wires 5' are also wound in a spiral pattern, preferably rotating in the opposite direction to the first wires 5. The further wires 5' also contact the tubes 4 in the plane of each spacer member 2 and the edges of the spacer members 2 are each crossed by a wire 5* between adjacent tubes 4.
Each of the wires 5,5' has a core of electrically conducting material and a coating of a thermoplastics material. The wires 5, 5' are made to adhere to the carcase 1 by passing a current through the core such that the thermoplastics coating is melted. The thermoplastics resin of the composite material of the tubes 4 and spacer members 2 is also melted in the region adjacent each point of contact with the wires 5,5'. When the current is cut off and the wires 5,5' cool, the thermoplastics resin sets joining the wire 5,5' to the tubes 4 and the spacer members 2.
Although the elongate members described above are . tubular, it would be equally acceptable to utilise solid bars of relatively lightweight construction or tubular members filled with foam or synthetic material. Different arrangements of elongate members around the spacer members are possible: the arrangement shown in the representations is by way of example only. The invention is not limited to elongate members of composite material - it is envisaged that elongate members comprising thin-walled steel or aluminium tubes would also be suitable.
The flexible elements may be wires, lines or bands of steel or other metal, or could comprise non-metallic materials of high tensile strength such as carbon- or glass-reinforced resin. The flexible elements may have a coating of a plastics material and may be adhered to the carcase by means other than those described above, e.g. by direct application of heat to to thermoplastics coating. Alternatively, the fexible elements may be fixed to the carcase at either end of the beam or at periodical intervals. The fixing may take any suitable form, e.g. by tying, welding or repeated winding. Patterns other than spirals may be used, provided that the elongate members are contacted by the flexible elements in the plane of each spacer member.
A suitable thermoplastics resin which may be used for the elongate members and the coating of the wires is that known in Sweden as "Aramid". Nylon could also be used. This is by way of example only.
It should be understood that a single flexible element refers to a wire of the like running from one end of the beam to the other. It would, of course, be possible to arrange for successively wound flexible elements to be connected end to end and wound back and forth along the beam.

Claims

Cla ims :
1. A method of manufacturing a truss beam characterised by the steps of:
(a) manufacturing a carcase (1) comprising a plurality of elongate members (4) spaced apart by a plurality of planar spacer members (2); and
(b) subsequently winding a plurality of taut flexible elements (5,5') around the carcase (1) such that each elongate member (4) is contacted by one of the flexible elements (5,5') in the plane of each spacer member (2) and is held in place thereby.
2. A method as claimed in claim 1, wherein some of the flexible elements (5,5') contact free edges of the spacer members (2) between adjacent elongate members (4).
3. A method as claimed in claim 1 or 2, wherein the flexible elements (5,5') are fixed to the carcase (1) at each point of contact therebetween.
4. A method as claimed in any one of the preceding claims, wherein the elongate members (4) are tubular.
5. A method as claimed in any one of the preceding claims, wherein the materials of the beam are selected such that they have modulii of elasticity (E..), Poisson's ratios (V..) and densities (p) with values
1J of the same order of magnitude.
6. A method as claimed in claim 5, wherein the materials of the beam are selected such that they have substantially the same modulus of elasticity (E..), Poisson's ratio (V..) and density (p).
7. A method as claimed in claim 6, wherein the elongate members (4), the spacer members (2) and the flexible members (5,5') all comprise the same material.
8. A method as claimed in any one of the preceding claims, wherein the elongate members (4) are of composite material comprising thermoεetting or thermoplastic resin and fibres.
9. A method as claimed in any one of the preceding claims, wherein the spacer members (2) are arranged substantially equidistantly along the carcase (1).
10. A method as claimed in any one of the preceding claims, wherein each flexible element (5,5') is electrically conductive.
11. A method as claimed in any one of the preceding claims, wherein the flexible elements (5,5') and the carcase (1) are locally heated at their mutual intersections in order to melt the thermoplastics coating and thus adhere the flexible elements (5,5') to the carcase (1).
12. A method as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 10, wherein the flexible elements (5,5') are made to adhere to the carcase (1) by passing an electrical current therethrough.
13. A method as claimed in any one of the preceding claims, wherein each flexible element (5,5') has a coating of thermoplasics material.
14. A method as claimed in any one of the preceeding claims, wherein the beam is manufactured with the spacer members (2) arranged on a rotatable shaft (3).
15. A method of manufacturing a truss beam of composite material substantially as hereinbefore described with reference to the accompanying drawings.
16. A truss beam manufactured by a method according to any one of the preceding claims.
EP88903297A 1987-04-09 1988-04-11 A method of manufacturing a truss beam Expired - Lifetime EP0355103B1 (en)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AT88903297T ATE70877T1 (en) 1987-04-09 1988-04-11 MANUFACTURING PROCESS OF A TRACK CARRIER.

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
GB8708500 1987-04-09
GB08708500A GB2204614A (en) 1987-04-09 1987-04-09 Manufacture of a truss beam of composite materials

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0355103A1 true EP0355103A1 (en) 1990-02-28
EP0355103B1 EP0355103B1 (en) 1991-12-27

Family

ID=10615530

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP88903297A Expired - Lifetime EP0355103B1 (en) 1987-04-09 1988-04-11 A method of manufacturing a truss beam

Country Status (13)

Country Link
EP (1) EP0355103B1 (en)
JP (1) JPH03500068A (en)
KR (1) KR890700726A (en)
CN (1) CN88102214A (en)
AT (1) ATE70877T1 (en)
AU (1) AU616887B2 (en)
BR (1) BR8807454A (en)
DE (1) DE3867235D1 (en)
DK (1) DK496589D0 (en)
FI (1) FI894791A0 (en)
GB (1) GB2204614A (en)
NO (1) NO885476L (en)
WO (1) WO1988008064A1 (en)

Families Citing this family (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE9312391U1 (en) * 1993-08-14 1993-10-21 Menzel, Hans-Claus, Dr., 70619 Stuttgart Bracing the center pillar of a composite pillar
DE29907874U1 (en) * 1999-05-04 2000-09-14 Hupperich, Werner, 53804 Much Assembly device for building purposes
AU782363B2 (en) * 1999-10-21 2005-07-21 Onesteel Reinforcing Pty Limited A rollable mesh apparatus
AUPQ356699A0 (en) * 1999-10-21 1999-11-11 Bhp Steel (Rp) Pty Ltd A rollable mesh apparatus
US8919071B2 (en) * 2012-12-19 2014-12-30 Patco, Llc Truss configuration

Family Cites Families (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3501880A (en) * 1967-11-08 1970-03-24 Lawrence R Bosch Captive column structure
CH636929A5 (en) * 1979-04-18 1983-06-30 Pantex Stahl Ag Lattice girder for the underground track and shaft expansion.
US4566247A (en) * 1983-08-03 1986-01-28 Overbo Gordon I Captive column
DE3436882A1 (en) * 1984-07-27 1986-01-30 Burger, Frank, 8000 München FRAME SYSTEM, ESPECIALLY FOR FRAMES AND INTERIORS

Non-Patent Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Title
See references of WO8808064A1 *

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
GB8708500D0 (en) 1987-05-13
NO885476L (en) 1989-02-01
DK496589A (en) 1989-10-06
AU616887B2 (en) 1991-11-14
JPH03500068A (en) 1991-01-10
BR8807454A (en) 1990-05-15
NO885476D0 (en) 1988-12-09
EP0355103B1 (en) 1991-12-27
DK496589D0 (en) 1989-10-06
WO1988008064A1 (en) 1988-10-20
DE3867235D1 (en) 1992-02-06
FI894791A0 (en) 1989-10-09
CN88102214A (en) 1988-10-26
GB2204614A (en) 1988-11-16
ATE70877T1 (en) 1992-01-15
AU1577988A (en) 1988-11-04
KR890700726A (en) 1989-04-27

Similar Documents

Publication Publication Date Title
EP1124235B1 (en) Composite reinforced electrical transmission conductor
KR101046215B1 (en) Aluminum conductor composite core reinforced cable and manufacturing method thereof
CA2038454C (en) Method of manufacture for shielded flat electrical cable
US4538131A (en) Air-core choke coil
US3828353A (en) Integrally-wound antenna helix-coilform
US3080268A (en) Lightweight structural panel and method of making the same
EP0355103B1 (en) A method of manufacturing a truss beam
US4435242A (en) Elongate structure
US3995092A (en) Threaded rod composed of laminated material
US3911201A (en) Wiring harness and method of making same
US5571435A (en) Welding rod having parallel electrical pathways
JPS58186110A (en) Cable as well as producing method and apparatus
CA2143935A1 (en) Electric fusion welding of thermoplastic materials
EP0159765B1 (en) Electrodynamic shakers
DE3939570C2 (en) Tapping clamp for plastic pipes
DE10138610B4 (en) Method for forming an electrically conductive connection between two sheathed lines
EP0029910B1 (en) Process for bonding of objects using a heat-hardenable adhesive
EP0924054A2 (en) Welding element for thermoplastic parts
EP3034278A1 (en) Component with firmly bonded connection and a joining method
DE2134055C3 (en) Conveyor with an endless flexible conveyor belt made of insulating material
US3739203A (en) Linear induction motor armatures
JPS6178011A (en) Fiber cable
JP2023001213A (en) Wiring member
JPH0762413B2 (en) Barbed fence
CA1152636A (en) Composite structural member for antenna

Legal Events

Date Code Title Description
PUAI Public reference made under article 153(3) epc to a published international application that has entered the european phase

Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: 0009012

17P Request for examination filed

Effective date: 19891009

AK Designated contracting states

Kind code of ref document: A1

Designated state(s): AT BE CH DE FR GB IT LI LU NL SE

17Q First examination report despatched

Effective date: 19900710

GRAA (expected) grant

Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: 0009210

AK Designated contracting states

Kind code of ref document: B1

Designated state(s): AT BE CH DE FR GB IT LI LU NL SE

PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: IT

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT;WARNING: LAPSES OF ITALIAN PATENTS WITH EFFECTIVE DATE BEFORE 2007 MAY HAVE OCCURRED AT ANY TIME BEFORE 2007. THE CORRECT EFFECTIVE DATE MAY BE DIFFERENT FROM THE ONE RECORDED.

Effective date: 19911227

Ref country code: CH

Effective date: 19911227

Ref country code: LI

Effective date: 19911227

Ref country code: NL

Effective date: 19911227

Ref country code: BE

Effective date: 19911227

Ref country code: AT

Effective date: 19911227

REF Corresponds to:

Ref document number: 70877

Country of ref document: AT

Date of ref document: 19920115

Kind code of ref document: T

REF Corresponds to:

Ref document number: 3867235

Country of ref document: DE

Date of ref document: 19920206

REG Reference to a national code

Ref country code: CH

Ref legal event code: PL

PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: LU

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES

Effective date: 19920430

ET Fr: translation filed
NLV1 Nl: lapsed or annulled due to failure to fulfill the requirements of art. 29p and 29m of the patents act
PLBE No opposition filed within time limit

Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: 0009261

STAA Information on the status of an ep patent application or granted ep patent

Free format text: STATUS: NO OPPOSITION FILED WITHIN TIME LIMIT

26N No opposition filed
REG Reference to a national code

Ref country code: GB

Ref legal event code: 732E

REG Reference to a national code

Ref country code: FR

Ref legal event code: TP

EAL Se: european patent in force in sweden

Ref document number: 88903297.5

PGFP Annual fee paid to national office [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: GB

Payment date: 19990305

Year of fee payment: 12

PGFP Annual fee paid to national office [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: FR

Payment date: 19990330

Year of fee payment: 12

PGFP Annual fee paid to national office [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: SE

Payment date: 19990408

Year of fee payment: 12

PGFP Annual fee paid to national office [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: DE

Payment date: 19990428

Year of fee payment: 12

PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: GB

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES

Effective date: 20000411

PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: SE

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES

Effective date: 20000412

GBPC Gb: european patent ceased through non-payment of renewal fee

Effective date: 20000411

EUG Se: european patent has lapsed

Ref document number: 88903297.5

PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: FR

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES

Effective date: 20001229

PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: DE

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES

Effective date: 20010201

REG Reference to a national code

Ref country code: FR

Ref legal event code: ST