Classifications

• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
  • C11D—DETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
  • C11D3/00—Other compounding ingredients of detergent compositions covered in group C11D1/00
  • C11D3/0005—Other compounding ingredients characterised by their effect
  • C11D3/001—Softening compositions
  • C11D3/0015—Softening compositions liquid
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
  • C11D—DETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
  • C11D1/00—Detergent compositions based essentially on surface-active compounds; Use of these compounds as a detergent
  • C11D1/38—Cationic compounds
  • C11D1/62—Quaternary ammonium compounds
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
  • C11D—DETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
  • C11D1/00—Detergent compositions based essentially on surface-active compounds; Use of these compounds as a detergent
  • C11D1/66—Non-ionic compounds
  • C11D1/835—Mixtures of non-ionic with cationic compounds
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
  • C11D—DETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
  • C11D1/00—Detergent compositions based essentially on surface-active compounds; Use of these compounds as a detergent
  • C11D1/88—Ampholytes; Electroneutral compounds
  • C11D1/94—Mixtures with anionic, cationic or non-ionic compounds
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
  • C11D—DETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
  • C11D1/00—Detergent compositions based essentially on surface-active compounds; Use of these compounds as a detergent
  • C11D1/66—Non-ionic compounds
  • C11D1/667—Neutral esters, e.g. sorbitan esters
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
  • C11D—DETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
  • C11D1/00—Detergent compositions based essentially on surface-active compounds; Use of these compounds as a detergent
  • C11D1/66—Non-ionic compounds
  • C11D1/72—Ethers of polyoxyalkylene glycols
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
  • C11D—DETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
  • C11D1/00—Detergent compositions based essentially on surface-active compounds; Use of these compounds as a detergent
  • C11D1/66—Non-ionic compounds
  • C11D1/75—Amino oxides
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
  • C11D—DETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
  • C11D1/00—Detergent compositions based essentially on surface-active compounds; Use of these compounds as a detergent
  • C11D1/88—Ampholytes; Electroneutral compounds
  • C11D1/92—Sulfobetaines ; Sulfitobetaines

Definitions

• Fabric conditioners are widely used to soften fabrics after washing in anionic detergents.
• the term refers to cationic organic compounds such as amine salts or quaternary nitrogen compounds, all of which have two long chain (e.g. C15 ⁇ 22) alkyl and/or alkenyl groups, and especially two C16 ⁇ 18 alkyl and/or alkenyl groups (e.g. tallowyl, oleyl, palmityl and/or stearyl groups).
• amido imidazoline salts quaternary ammonium salts and, in particular, distearyl dimethyl ammonium chloride
• amido imidazoline salts quaternised amido imidazolines
• amido amine salts quaternised amido amines and ethoxylated amido amines.
• the amido imidazoline salts and quaternised amido imidazolines may be derived from amido amines by cyclisation.
• amido amine salts, amido imidazoline salts and their quaternised and/or alkoxylated derivatives are referred to collectively herein as "amido amine derivatives”.
• fabric softeners can be fairly easily dispersed to form dilute aqueous dispersions with concentrations of up to about 20%.
• concentrations of up to about 20% concentrations of up to about 20%.
• a major problem encountered in the handling and formulation of fabric conditioners is the high viscosity of even the more dilute of such aqueous dispersions.
• the formulator normally sells compositions containing 3 to 7% fabric conditioner which represents the maximum concentration at which the formulation is sufficiently pourable, although higher concentrations e.g. up to about 15% can be achieved by adding trace amounts, usually of the order 100 to 1,500ppm, of calcium ion, e.g. as calcium chloride, which tends to reduce the viscosity. Concentrations greater than about 20% can only be achieved by using water soluble organic solvents. Manufacturers who need to achieve concentrations of greater than 50%, preferably 75 to 90%, for efficient distribution to the formulators, have therefore had to make substantially anhydrous concentrates in organic solvents such as lower alcohols.
• isopropanol which is expensive, flammable, odourous and may produce undesirable effects in the final formulation, such as variation of dispersion viscocity on ageing.
• Isopropanol has, however, generally been considered essential to obtain a pourable and concentrated composition.
• the concentrate containing the water miscible solvents can be dispersed by stirring in hot water and blended with colouring, perfumes and traces of soluble calcium salts such as calcium chloride, in order to obtain a pourable formulation acceptable to the consumer.
• Nonionic surfactants or fatty alcohols are sometimes added to improve the dispersibility of the composition.
• Creams having a similar structure and composition to those obtained by allowing a dilute system to cream can also be prepared directly by mixing an electrolyte solution with the concentrate, until the desired cream concentration is achieved.
• the properties of products so prepared are usually inferior to those obtained by actual creaming of a diluted solution.
• creams according to our aforesaid British Patent Application could be identified by a characteristics spherulitic appearance under the optical microscope.
• the mobility of many of the creams was less than ideal and some fabric conditioners do not readily form creams of commercially useful concentration.
• surfactants especially non-ionic amphoteric surfactant, substantially reduce the viscosity of fabric conditioners. This makes it possible to achieve higher concentrations with acceptable mobility. This discovery is surprising. Surfactants have previously been included in non-cream fabric conditioner formulations, but have normally been used in proportions of 3% - 5% by weight of the composition or more than 1:20 of the weight of fabric conditioner to improve the stability and/or dispersibility of the concentrates. Such high concentrations of surfactant have not hitherto been observed to improve mobility to any significant extent and usually increase the viscosity.
• concentrations of surfactant used according to our invention are substantially less than would be expected to have any useful effect on dispersibility.
• surfactants are added progressively to fabric conditioners in concentrations of less than 2% based on the weight of the composition or less than 1:3 based on the weight of fabric conditioner the mobility typically rises to a maximum value with increasing surfactant concentration and then falls until, at the conventionally used concentrations of 3% or over, the mobility is generally less than that of the unmodified fabric conditioner.
• the concentration of surfactant required for optimum mobility depends on the particular choice of fabric conditioner and of surfactant.
• Our invention therefore provides a fabric conditioning cream composition substantially as described in our aforesaid British Patent specification, comprising water, a cationic fabric conditioner having two C15 ⁇ 22 alkyl and/or alkenyl groups and sufficient of an nonionic, amphoteric or semipolar surfactant to lower the viscosity of the composition.
• the proportion of surfactant is less than 2% based on the total weight of the composition, more preferably less than 1.5% especially less than 1% e.g. less than 0.5%.
• the amount of surfactant is preferably less than 1:20 based on the weight of cationic fabric conditioner especially less than 1:30 most preferably less than 1:35.
• the concentration of surfactant is greater than 0.01% based on the total weight of the composition, especially greater than 0.05%, e.g. greater than 0.1% usually greaten the 0.2% most preferably greater than 0.5%.
• the proportion of surfactant by weight of fabric conditioner is greater than 1:200 especially greater than 1:150 more preferably greater than 1:100 typically greater than 1:80 greater than 1:50 more especially greater than 1:40.
• the invention is practically applicable to lowering the viscosity of creamed fabric softeners of the type described in our aforesaid British Patent Application, which contain electrolytes, such as calcium, chloride, in concentrations greater than 0.3% and usually 1 to 15% by weight of the composition.
• non-ionic surfactants such as alcohol alkoxylates or polyalkoxylated carboxylic acids, polyalkoxylated amines, polyalkoxylated glycol or glycerol esters, polyalkoxylated sorbitan esters or alkanoamides.
• alkylene oxide groups are preferably ethylene oxides, or less preferably, propylene oxide, or a mixture of ethylene oxide propylene oxide.
• Other surfactants that may be used include amine oxides, imidazolines, amido amines and quaternary ammonium salts or benzalkonium salts having in each case one long chain (e.g. C8 ⁇ 20) alkyl group, any other alkyl groups being less than C5, preferably methyl.
• the surfactant may be a betaine or sulphobetaine.
• a fabric conditioner quaternised imidazoline fabric conditioners having two long chain, e.g. C 15-20, alkyl and/or alkenyl groups such as ditallowyl or distearyl imidazolinium methosulphate.
• Unquaternised imidazolinium salts, having two C15-20 alkyl groups are also useful as are mono or di-alkylated diamidoammonium salts having two C1-4 alkyl groups and two C15-20 alkyl groups. Examples include bis (tallowamindoetyl) ammonium, or bis (stearylamidoethyl) ammonium, mono or di-methosulphates.
• Tetra alkyl ammonium fabric conditioners such as dimethyl ditallowyl ammonium chloride are improved by addition of surfactants according to our invention, as are ditallowyl or distearyl benzalkonium or pyridinium salts or alkoxylated (e.g. ethoxylated) amido amines or imidazolines, such as bis (tallowamidoethyl) mono (1 to 8 mole) polyoxyethylammonium salt or quaternised ammonium salts.
• surfactants according to our invention, as are ditallowyl or distearyl benzalkonium or pyridinium salts or alkoxylated (e.g. ethoxylated) amido amines or imidazolines, such as bis (tallowamidoethyl) mono (1 to 8 mole) polyoxyethylammonium salt or quaternised ammonium salts.
• the counter ion is usually chloride, sulphate, phosphate methosulphate, ethosulphate, or an organic ion such as formate, acetate, citrate, tartrate, or lactate.
• the C15-22 groups are preferably straight chain or less preferably branched chain alkyl groups, which may contain a proportion, preferably minor, of alkenyl groups such as oleyl groups.
• alkenyl groups such as oleyl groups.
• hard tallow or other alkyl groups having an iodine number less than 10, preferably less than 5.
• the partially unsaturated feedstocks are more usually selected.
• suspended solids such as fumed silica or bentonite
• bentonite may be added in concentrations of 0.01 to 3% by weight e.g. 0.05 to 2% especially 0.1 to 1%.
• Such additions adversely affect the rheological properties of the cream.
• the presence of surfactant according to our invention alleviates such adverse effects.
• An initial concentrate consisting of a 90% by weight solution of ditallowyl imidazolinium methosulphate in isopropanol was added to a solution of 5% by weight calcium chloride in water at 60°C and stirred for 15 minutes to give a 15% by weight active dispersion.
• the cream contained 42.3% by weight total solids (57.7% loss of weight on drying) and 0.9% by weight isopropanol. Samples of the cream were each mixed with 1% by weight various surfactants. The results were analysed using the Herschel-Bulkley model for the initial and dynamic Yield Points and the Bingham Body Model for the Plastic Yield and Plastic Viscosity, averaged over the range: 0 to 700 sec. ⁇ 1 shear and are shown in the Table 1. The results were obtained at 20°C using a cone with a horizontal angle of 2° and base diameter of 4cm and a plate with a 56.6u gap.
• example 1 The method of example 1 was used to prepare creams for various fabric conditioners each of which was mixed incrementally with small concentrations of each two surfactants.
• the surfactants used were both ethoxylated synthetic C12 ⁇ 15 alcohols.
• the Yield points and viscosities were measured as described in example 1 and are reported in table 2.

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• Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
• Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
• Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
• Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
• Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
• Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
• Organic Chemistry (AREA)
• Treatments For Attaching Organic Compounds To Fibrous Goods (AREA)
• Detergent Compositions (AREA)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Publications (1)

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ID=10641637

Family Applications (1)

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Cited By (8)

Citations (7)

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• 1988
  • 1988-08-04 GB GB888818593A patent/GB8818593D0/en active Pending
• 1989
  • 1989-07-31 ZA ZA895843A patent/ZA895843B/xx unknown
  • 1989-08-01 FI FI893649A patent/FI893649A/fi not_active Application Discontinuation
  • 1989-08-02 GB GB8917637A patent/GB2222609A/en not_active Withdrawn
  • 1989-08-02 EP EP89307842A patent/EP0354011A1/fr not_active Withdrawn
  • 1989-08-03 NO NO89893141A patent/NO893141L/no unknown
  • 1989-08-03 DK DK380689A patent/DK380689A/da not_active Application Discontinuation
  • 1989-08-03 AU AU39262/89A patent/AU3926289A/en not_active Withdrawn
  • 1989-08-04 JP JP1201503A patent/JPH0280668A/ja active Pending

Patent Citations (7)

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