EP0353761B1 - Exhaust gas noise muffler - Google Patents

Exhaust gas noise muffler Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0353761B1
EP0353761B1 EP89114390A EP89114390A EP0353761B1 EP 0353761 B1 EP0353761 B1 EP 0353761B1 EP 89114390 A EP89114390 A EP 89114390A EP 89114390 A EP89114390 A EP 89114390A EP 0353761 B1 EP0353761 B1 EP 0353761B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
mineral wool
muffler
silencer
housing
parts
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
EP89114390A
Other languages
German (de)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP0353761A1 (en
Inventor
Gustav Schweinfurth
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Saint Gobain Isover G+H AG
Original Assignee
Gruenzweig und Hartmann AG
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Gruenzweig und Hartmann AG filed Critical Gruenzweig und Hartmann AG
Priority to AT89114390T priority Critical patent/ATE96885T1/en
Publication of EP0353761A1 publication Critical patent/EP0353761A1/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0353761B1 publication Critical patent/EP0353761B1/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01NGAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N13/00Exhaust or silencing apparatus characterised by constructional features ; Exhaust or silencing apparatus, or parts thereof, having pertinent characteristics not provided for in, or of interest apart from, groups F01N1/00 - F01N5/00, F01N9/00, F01N11/00
    • F01N13/18Construction facilitating manufacture, assembly, or disassembly
    • F01N13/1872Construction facilitating manufacture, assembly, or disassembly the assembly using stamp-formed parts or otherwise deformed sheet-metal
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01NGAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N1/00Silencing apparatus characterised by method of silencing
    • F01N1/08Silencing apparatus characterised by method of silencing by reducing exhaust energy by throttling or whirling
    • F01N1/10Silencing apparatus characterised by method of silencing by reducing exhaust energy by throttling or whirling in combination with sound-absorbing materials
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01NGAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N1/00Silencing apparatus characterised by method of silencing
    • F01N1/24Silencing apparatus characterised by method of silencing by using sound-absorbing materials
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01NGAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N13/00Exhaust or silencing apparatus characterised by constructional features ; Exhaust or silencing apparatus, or parts thereof, having pertinent characteristics not provided for in, or of interest apart from, groups F01N1/00 - F01N5/00, F01N9/00, F01N11/00
    • F01N13/18Construction facilitating manufacture, assembly, or disassembly
    • F01N13/1838Construction facilitating manufacture, assembly, or disassembly characterised by the type of connection between parts of exhaust or silencing apparatus, e.g. between housing and tubes, between tubes and baffles
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01NGAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N13/00Exhaust or silencing apparatus characterised by constructional features ; Exhaust or silencing apparatus, or parts thereof, having pertinent characteristics not provided for in, or of interest apart from, groups F01N1/00 - F01N5/00, F01N9/00, F01N11/00
    • F01N13/18Construction facilitating manufacture, assembly, or disassembly
    • F01N13/1838Construction facilitating manufacture, assembly, or disassembly characterised by the type of connection between parts of exhaust or silencing apparatus, e.g. between housing and tubes, between tubes and baffles
    • F01N13/1844Mechanical joints
    • F01N13/185Mechanical joints the connection being realised by deforming housing, tube, baffle, plate, or parts thereof
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01NGAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N13/00Exhaust or silencing apparatus characterised by constructional features ; Exhaust or silencing apparatus, or parts thereof, having pertinent characteristics not provided for in, or of interest apart from, groups F01N1/00 - F01N5/00, F01N9/00, F01N11/00
    • F01N13/18Construction facilitating manufacture, assembly, or disassembly
    • F01N13/1861Construction facilitating manufacture, assembly, or disassembly the assembly using parts formed by casting or moulding
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01NGAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N13/00Exhaust or silencing apparatus characterised by constructional features ; Exhaust or silencing apparatus, or parts thereof, having pertinent characteristics not provided for in, or of interest apart from, groups F01N1/00 - F01N5/00, F01N9/00, F01N11/00
    • F01N13/18Construction facilitating manufacture, assembly, or disassembly
    • F01N13/1888Construction facilitating manufacture, assembly, or disassembly the housing of the assembly consisting of two or more parts, e.g. two half-shells
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01NGAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N2310/00Selection of sound absorbing or insulating material
    • F01N2310/02Mineral wool, e.g. glass wool, rock wool, asbestos or the like
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01NGAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N2310/00Selection of sound absorbing or insulating material
    • F01N2310/04Metallic wool, e.g. steel wool, copper wool or the like
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01NGAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N2450/00Methods or apparatus for fitting, inserting or repairing different elements
    • F01N2450/20Methods or apparatus for fitting, inserting or repairing different elements by mechanical joints, e.g. by deforming housing, tube, baffle plate or parts thereof
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01NGAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N2450/00Methods or apparatus for fitting, inserting or repairing different elements
    • F01N2450/22Methods or apparatus for fitting, inserting or repairing different elements by welding or brazing
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01NGAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N2470/00Structure or shape of gas passages, pipes or tubes
    • F01N2470/02Tubes being perforated
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01NGAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N2470/00Structure or shape of gas passages, pipes or tubes
    • F01N2470/06Tubes being formed by assembly of stamped or otherwise deformed sheet-metal
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01NGAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N2470/00Structure or shape of gas passages, pipes or tubes
    • F01N2470/10Tubes having non-circular cross section
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01NGAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N2470/00Structure or shape of gas passages, pipes or tubes
    • F01N2470/18Structure or shape of gas passages, pipes or tubes the axis of inlet or outlet tubes being other than the longitudinal axis of apparatus
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10TTECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T29/00Metal working
    • Y10T29/49Method of mechanical manufacture
    • Y10T29/49398Muffler, manifold or exhaust pipe making
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10TTECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T29/00Metal working
    • Y10T29/49Method of mechanical manufacture
    • Y10T29/49826Assembling or joining
    • Y10T29/49893Peripheral joining of opposed mirror image parts to form a hollow body

Definitions

  • the invention relates to an exhaust gas silencer according to the preamble of claim 1.
  • the exhaust pipe is provided over a portion of its length with circumferential perforations through which vibrational energy of the exhaust gases can escape into the space surrounding the exhaust pipe.
  • This space is surrounded over the length of the perforation with a closed silencer housing in which a mineral wool filling is arranged, the sound-absorbing effect of which destroys the vibration energy emerging from the exhaust pipe.
  • the mineral wool manufacturer has already brought the mineral wool into the shape required for the filling and has to deliver it to the silencer manufacturer, in which case these molded parts are then only to be inserted into the silencer housing.
  • a disadvantage of this method is that there is a considerable amount of work involved in introducing the mineral wool into the mold and removal from the mold, and considerable additional effort is involved in the hardening process, since the hardening in the tunnel kiln integrated in the production process cannot be used as it is for the Manufacturing of felts or sheets for standard products is common. Hardening in the special form therefore requires special investments and additional energy expenditure and can also hinder the production process on the part of the mineral wool manufacturer.
  • the mineral wool can also be applied a little thicker to the built-in part, since it gives way before the hardening under the pressure of the mold housing that is subsequently to be applied.
  • the composite component formed from the built-in part and the hardened mineral wool is removed from the mold housing and delivered to the silencer manufacturer, who can have this composite component assembled in an extremely simple manner by pushing it sideways into the actual silencer housing.
  • the invention has for its object to provide an exhaust gas muffler of the type known from the generic prior art, which not only enables a reduction in transport costs in its manufacture if necessary, but also without the use of expensive measures for shape stabilization, especially without previous curing is producible.
  • the present invention relates in particular to a muffler with a regionally perforated built-in part serving for the passage of an exhaust gas flow and a filling of mineral wool layers arranged in the cavities between the built-in part and the muffler housing
  • Mineral wool felt provided with an impregnation agent, the overlays being pre-assembled in accordance with their respective position in the silencer, and the silencer housing in its meridian plane can be divided into two housing halves and permanently closed at the division level, impregnated connection parts being used as supports for the built-in part before no heat treatment was carried out when the silencer housing was closed.
  • the invention is based on the knowledge that, for example, pre-resin-coated or otherwise suitably impregnated mineral wool overlays have a good interior Have fiber cohesion, but are still soft and shapeable and hold the compressed form largely when compressed, i.e. spring back only slowly and incompletely. This makes it possible to plastically deform such overlays by hand and thereby compress them - essentially remaining for a short period of time.
  • a coating delivered with a standard bulk density in the order of magnitude of, for example, 50 kg / m3 and not brought to a significantly increased bulk density as part of an immediately preceding pretreatment can be hand-made during its processing to a much higher bulk density of, for example, 150 kg / m3 be compressed; after the pressure force has been removed, there is still enough time before springback occurs to mount the support in a partially compressed, relatively low volume state in the muffler and to close the muffler housing without excess mineral wool volume being jammed on contact surfaces of the metallic muffler components .
  • the invention is based on the further realization that working with such resin-coated pads - unlike when inserting loose mineral wool - does not lead to major time delays in the silencer assembly itself and does not make any special demands on the care and skill of the assembly personnel if the pads correspond to the Installation conditions of the silencer to be manufactured in a precise manner, pre-assembled for the respective installation site. Then it is possible to use the thus made-up parts instead of dimensionally stabilized parts directly during the installation of the silencer without fear of adverse effects on the workflow there, especially since the precise parts make it possible to use the parts with the largest possible dimensions, which, moreover, reproducible achievement of the target quantity to be introduced and the desired density distribution guaranteed.
  • the invention therefore proposes to supply such impregnated, for example pre-resin-coated pads as ready-made parts, for example in the form of blanks, stamped parts or the like.
  • shape-stabilized molded parts instead of shape-stabilized molded parts to the mounting location of the silencer and to install them there in the silencer itself.
  • the use of a muffler housing divided in the meridian plane makes it easy to precisely position the built-in part of the muffler with the pre-assembled cushions. Then the silencer housing is closed in the meridian plane - similar to the mold housing in the generic state of the art.
  • a binding agent does not necessarily have to be used for the impregnation of the ready-made parts, which makes them soft and pliable, but any other suitable liquid impregnating agent can be used, since after installation in the muffler the binding agent is essentially without function and when the motor vehicle is started up burns away in a short time.
  • the impregnation agent can thus be selected from other points of view, such as the environmental compatibility when operating the motor vehicle, the good and inexpensive availability, the good and pleasant processability, etc.
  • the silencer assembly can also be carried out at the mineral wool manufacturer to relieve the operation of the silencer manufacturer of this effort; Since the original housing of the silencer is then transported in addition to the procedure according to DE-OS 32 38 638 for the installation part or for the composite component, the transport costs are therefore slightly increased, but there is no assembly effort on the part of the silencer manufacturer, who only delivers the metal parts he has made to the mineral wool manufacturer and receives the finished silencer back.
  • the transportation effort can, as far as the timing of the delivery permits, be reduced overall by the mineral wool manufacturer immediately delivering the muffler he has assembled to the customer of the muffler manufacturer, i.e. the automobile manufacturer, and thus the transport from the muffler manufacturer to the automobile manufacturer is no longer necessary; this is possible within the scope of the invention because after the silencer housing has been closed and after the impregnated mineral wool pads have been introduced, no further work is required on the silencer.
  • the measure of claim 2 results in a simple way of reducing the density difference.
  • the metal wool can either be pushed onto a straight exhaust pipe in the form of a metal fiber stocking in the course of assembly before being fitted with a fitting part, or in some other way, for example by spot soldering Installation part are secured in position, or, according to claim 4, are fastened to the side of the ready-made parts facing the installation part in the installation position.
  • this attachment can be done mechanically, for example, by quilting, or by means of an adhesive, which, however, does not require any heat to impair the impregnation of the mineral wool in order to harden it.
  • a metal fiber layer can only be pressed onto the mineral wool assembly part for sufficient attachment, in order to achieve sufficient positional security for handling the composite parts thus formed during assembly by clawing and adhesion effects.
  • a variety of liquids are suitable as impregnation agents, as is the usual synthetic resin binder for such mineral wool.
  • a water-oil emulsion is preferred, which additionally results in an improved fiber-fiber adhesion of the mineral wool and thus a stabilization of the outline shape of the finished part.
  • Such an emulsion is known for example from DE-OS 36 16 454, to which reference is made for further details. While the water evaporates residue-free and without any environmental pollution during the operation of the motor vehicle, the environmental pollution caused by the oil component is extremely low. In addition to good and inexpensive availability, such an emulsion also has the advantage of pleasant handling the assembly parts during assembly.
  • an exhaust gas muffler consists of a housing 1 with an upper housing half 1a and a lower housing half 1b as well as an installation part 2 and a filling 3 made of mineral wool, which is arranged between the installation part 2 and the muffler housing 1, in the example case in the form of 4 assembly parts 3a, 3b, 3c and 3d.
  • the installation part 2 has a front connection piece 4 and a rear connection piece 5 for connection to the exhaust pipe, which is no longer shown, for example in the exhaust system of a motor vehicle. Between the connecting pieces 4 and 5, the installation part 2 has a pipe section 7 provided with perforations 6.
  • the pipe section 7 made of metal is made in the example from two halves which are connected to one another on a flange 8 lying in the meridian plane.
  • the pipe section 7 is arranged on the circumference of a radially arranged spacer 9 with a radially outer circumferential support web 10, the contour of which corresponds to the inner contour of its contact area in the silencer housing 1.
  • passage openings 11 and 12 are provided for the connecting pieces 4 and 5 of the installation part 2.
  • the through openings 11 and 12 are in each case arranged on the housing half 1a and the housing half 1b as half-sockets 11a, 12a and 11b, 12b, which, when the silencer housing 1 is closed, encompass the connecting pieces 4 and 5 on both sides.
  • the support web 10 lies freely against a corresponding contact surface of the muffler housing 1 and thus secures the desired position of the mounting part 2 in the muffler housing 1.
  • an additional layer 14 of metal wool can be introduced between the outer circumference of the pipe section 7 in the area of the perforations 6 and the inner circumference of the filling 3, which layer picks up the mineral wool before it is exposed to the hot Exhaust gas protects.
  • An alternative procedure is to cover the original built-in part 2 with binder-containing, but uncured cushions and to insert it into a mold housing in accordance with the contour of the silencer housing 1 and to harden it there, and to insert the composite component formed in this way into the silencer housing after delivery to the silencer manufacturer .
  • the bulk density of one without essential pre-compression mineral wool felt in the order of 50 kg / m3 should be increased considerably by compression to, for example, 150 kg / m3 and more, so that the mineral wool can best perform its intended functions in the silencer.
  • assembly parts 3a, 3b, 3c and 3d which are pre-assembled as a function of the installation conditions in the silencer.
  • the assembly parts 3c and 3d for forming the lower parts of the filling 3 in FIG. 1 are shown in a top view in FIG. 2.
  • they are punched out of a mineral wool sheet with a thickness of 50 mm in an exact shape and have indentations 17, 18 for the area of the connecting pieces 4 and 5.
  • FIG. 2 As can also be seen schematically in the illustration from FIG.
  • the precisely dimensioned indentations 17 and 18 result in a reduced proportion of material in this area and thus in spite of the uniform Height of the assembly parts 3a, 3b, 3c and 3d a reduced material thickness of the filling in this area without crushing.
  • the exact contour of the assembly parts 3a, 3b, 3c and 3d can best be determined by experiment; in any case, it is ensured that a contour resulting in a suitable deformation is available and that the compression always reproducibly executes the same shape changes.
  • the, for example, impregnated but uncured parts 3a, 3b, 3c and 3d differ in their consistency very considerably from loose mineral wool which does not contain or is not impregnated; because the impregnation results in an increased suppleness and an improved cohesion of the fibers, so that the ready-made parts can be deformed plastically and, if not too strongly deformed, tend only very slowly in the sense of springback to return to their original shape.
  • the compressed form is initially retained after the pressure has been removed and is only partially reset very slowly in the sense of springing open again.
  • the cohesion of the fibers is so good that fraying or the like of the edges of the assembly parts denoted by 19 does not occur even in the course of their plastic deformation, but rather as a smooth surface preserved.
  • the lower assembly parts 3c and 3d in FIG. 1 are first inserted into the lower housing half 1b of the muffler housing 1, whereby they are not or only slightly compressed when inserted. Then the built-in part 2 is inserted into the lower housing half 1b in such a way that the spacer 9 with the supporting web 10 projects into a gap between the made-up parts 3c and 3d, and the built-in part 2 or the pipe section 7 is pressed into the lower made-up parts 3c and 3d , as can be seen from Fig. 3.
  • the pressing of the built-in part 2 has the result that the lateral edges 19 of the ready-made parts 3c and 3d tilt inwards towards the pipe section 7 due to the improved cohesion of the fibers of the mineral wool and thus at a distance from the pipe section Circumferential flange 16 arrive.
  • the good cohesion of the fibers also at the front edges 19 ensures that there are no tufts or fringes in the direction of the metallic structural parts protruding beyond a designated location and could interfere with the mutual contact there.
  • the upper assembly parts 3a and 3b are then correspondingly placed on the built-in part 2 embedded in the assembly parts 3c and 3d and pre-compressed by hand.
  • the two housing halves 1a and 1b can be pressed together to form the finished muffler housing 1, as shown in FIG. 4, the filling 3 being made of mineral wool, without affecting the metallic ones Interfering contact surfaces is pressed into the final desired shape.
  • the assembly parts 3a, 3b, 3c and 3d are predominantly in contact with one another in the flat state with lateral edges 19 in the meridian plane 13, so that in the example of an elliptical muffler housing 1 there is a large amount of mineral wool on both sides of the pipe section 7 and those there fills enlarged space with sufficient density.
  • the width of the assembly parts 3a, 3b, 3c and 3d has been chosen essentially according to the arc length of the wall of the respective housing half 1a or 1b at the installation point, so that, as well Fig. 3 illustrates, nestling of the respective assembly parts on the curvature of the associated housing half results in laterally inwardly standing edges 19 which end in the area of the meridian plane 13 and lead into the bottom surface of the assembly part.
  • the mineral wool of the assembly parts is always deformed during compression in such a way that there is a good filling of all sound-technical gaps and density differences in the mineral wool in the finished silencer are limited.
  • the silencer is hermetically sealed and provided with a proper filling.
  • the special step of curing the Filling if binder is used as the impregnating agent, can be omitted completely, since in this position an additional shape stabilization of the mineral wool is no longer necessary.
  • layers 14 of metal wool in particular in the form of a tube, can be attached to the built-in part, for example pushed on or soldered on, before the filling 3 is applied.
  • a corresponding layer 14 of metal wool or the like to the ready-made parts 3a, 3b, 3c and 3d in advance, for example by quilting or gluing, or simply by adhesion due to mutual fiber clawing.
  • the deformation behavior of the strongly deforming sides of the assembly parts 3a, 3b, 3c and 3d, which are adjacent to the built-in part 2 is changed to a certain extent, which, if necessary, can be used for a targeted local reduction in the deformability.
  • Synthetic resin binder as is usually used for the hardening of mineral fiber molded parts or sheets, has proven to be particularly advantageous with regard to the deformation behavior and handling. However, since curing of the binder is in any case of little importance, another impregnation agent can also be used to bring about the desired consistency and the desired behavior of the finished parts can be used, such as a water-oil emulsion or the like.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Exhaust Silencers (AREA)
  • Control Of Throttle Valves Provided In The Intake System Or In The Exhaust System (AREA)

Abstract

In a process for the manufacture of an exhaust silencer for motor vehicles, the advantages derived from employing mineral fiber mouldings are extensively retained while at the same time greatly reducing expenditure on shape-stabilization and transportation. To this end the silencer casing itself is divided in the meridian plane and the mineral wool is supplied and inserted directly into the original silencer casing in the form of precisely dimensioned prefabricated elements which have been impregnated with a suitable fluid, for example pretreated with synthetic resin, but not cured. This enables fast and reliable positioning of the impregnated and manually compressed prefabricated elements around the periphery of the exhaust pipe and the internal component containing the exhaust pipe inside the original silencer casing; once the silencer casing has been closed, the silencer is ready for installation. Curing, hardening or some other time consuming method of shape-stabilization is not necessary. Nevertheless, in comparison with packing the silencer casing with loose mineral wool, a more even fiber distribution is achieved, and the introduction of a specified quantity of fibers is assured through the employment of prefabricated elements, whereby the impregnation of the prefabricated elements renders them soft and pliable and thus easy to work with when placing them in position under compression.

Description

Die Erfindung betrifft einen Abgas-Schalldämpfer nach dem Oberbegriff des Anspruchs 1.The invention relates to an exhaust gas silencer according to the preamble of claim 1.

Für die Schalldämpfung von Auspuffanlangen von Kraftfahrzeugen wird das Abgasrohr auf einem Abschnitt seiner Länge mit umfangsseitigen Perforationen versehen, durch welche hindurch Schwingungsenergie der Abgase in den das Abgasrohr umgebenden Raum austreten kann. Dieser Raum ist über die Länge der Perforation mit einem geschlossenen Schalldämpfergehäuse umgeben, in dem eine Füllung aus Mineralwolle angeordnet ist, deren Schalldämpfwirkung die aus dem Abgasrohr austretende Schwingungsenergie vernichtet.For the sound absorption of exhaust systems of motor vehicles, the exhaust pipe is provided over a portion of its length with circumferential perforations through which vibrational energy of the exhaust gases can escape into the space surrounding the exhaust pipe. This space is surrounded over the length of the perforation with a closed silencer housing in which a mineral wool filling is arranged, the sound-absorbing effect of which destroys the vibration energy emerging from the exhaust pipe.

Ein auf der Hand liegendes Verfahren zum Einbringen der Füllung aus Mineralwolle in das Schalldämpfergehäuse besteht darin, lose Mineralwolle zwischen das Abgasrohr und das Schalldämpfergehäuse einzustopfen und das Schalldämpfergehäuse sodann endgültig zu verschließen. Nachteilig ist hierbei jedoch, daß das Einstopfen der losen Mineralwolle auf Seiten des Schalldämpferherstellers zu nicht unerheblichem Arbeitsaufwand führt, der den zeitlichen Ablauf der Produktion negativ beeinflußt; bei derartigen Massenprodukten für Großabnehmer, nämlich die Automobilindustrie, fallen solche arbeits- und zeitintensiven Herstellungsschritte stark ins Gewicht. Weiterhin ist hierdurch die Einbringung der gewünschten Sollmenge an Mineralwolle und eine ausreichend gleichmäßige Verteilung der Dichte nicht zuverlässig und unabhängig von der Geschicklichkeit des Monteurs erzielbar.One obvious method for introducing the mineral wool filling into the muffler housing is to plug loose mineral wool between the exhaust pipe and the muffler housing and then finally close the muffler housing. The disadvantage here, however, is that the plugging in of the loose mineral wool on the part of the muffler manufacturer leads to a not inconsiderable amount of work, which has a negative effect on the production schedule; In the case of such mass products for bulk buyers, namely the automotive industry, such labor-intensive and time-consuming production steps are significant. Furthermore, the introduction of the desired amount of mineral wool and a sufficiently uniform distribution of the density are not reliable and achievable regardless of the skill of the fitter.

Daher ist man dazu übergegangen, die Mineralwolle auf Seiten des Mineralwolleherstellers bereits in die für die Füllung benötigte Form zu bringen und so an den Schalldämpferhersteller zu liefern, bei dem dann diese Formteile nur noch in das Schalldämpfergehäuse einzusetzen sind.For this reason, the mineral wool manufacturer has already brought the mineral wool into the shape required for the filling and has to deliver it to the silencer manufacturer, in which case these molded parts are then only to be inserted into the silencer housing.

Zur Formstabilisierung solcher Teile aus Mineralwolle sind verschiedene Vorgehensweisen bekannt, so etwa ein Umwickeln loser Mineralwolle mit einer dünnen Folie und/oder ein Versteppen. Eine gängige Möglichkeit besteht auch darin, die Mineralwolle auf Seiten des Herstellers mit Bindemittel zu versehen und dieses auszuhärten, um so die Formstabilisierung zu erzielen.Various procedures are known for stabilizing the shape of such mineral wool parts, such as wrapping loose mineral wool with a thin film and / or quilting. Another common option is to provide the mineral wool with binding agents on the part of the manufacturer and to harden them in order to achieve shape stabilization.

Wie in großem Umfang praktisch ausgeführt, wird hierzu als Rohling eine kunstharzgebundene Platte verwendet, aus der die gewünschten Formkörper herausgefräst werden. Hierbei erzielt man sehr maßhaltige Formteile, die auf Seiten des Schalldämpferherstellers zu geringstmöglicher Störung des Produktionsablaufes führen. Ein weiterer Vorteil dieses Verfahrens besteht darin, daß der Prozeß zur Herstellung einschließlich der Aushärtung der Platten aus Mineralwolle großtechnisch in der üblichen Weise ohne jeden Zusatzaufwand durchgeführt werden kann, und zwar unter Aushärtung des zur Formstabilisierung der Platten verwendeten Bindemittels im Tunnelofen des Produktionsbandes, so daß als Zusatzaufwand nach der üblichen Plattenerzeugung nur der Fräsvorgang anfällt. Ein Nachteil dieses Vorgehens besteht allerdings darin, daß beim Fräsvorgang in nicht unerheblichem Umfange Abfall anfällt, welcher zwar durch erneutes Einschmelzen wieder verwendet werden kann, sich jedoch verteuernd auf den Herstellprozeß der Formteile auswirkt.As practiced on a large scale, a synthetic resin-bonded plate is used as the blank, from which the desired shaped bodies are milled out. In this way, very dimensionally stable molded parts are obtained which, on the part of the silencer manufacturer, lead to the least possible disruption of the production process. Another advantage of this method is that the process for the production, including the hardening of the mineral wool panels, can be carried out on an industrial scale in the usual manner without any additional effort, with the binder used to stabilize the shape of the panels being hardened in the tunnel oven of the production line, so that only the milling process is required as an additional expense after the usual plate production. A disadvantage of this procedure, however, is that the milling process produces a not inconsiderable amount of waste, which can be used again by melting again, but is becoming more expensive Manufacturing process of molded parts affects.

Weiterhin ist es aus der DE-OS 32 05 186 bekannt, die mit noch nicht ausgehärtetem Bindemittel versehene Mineralwolle um einen der Form des Abgasrohres entsprechenden Kern herum anzuordnen und in einem der Innenkontur des Schalldämpfergehäuses entsprechenden Formengehäuse einzuschließen und in dieser Stellung auszuhärten. Nach dem öffnen des Formengehäuses und dem Herausziehen des Kernes liegt dann ein einstückiges Formteil in der Form der gewünschten Schalldämpffüllung vor, welches dem Schalldämpferhersteller geliegert und von diesem zum Einbau in den Schalldämpfer auf das tatsächliche Abgasrohr aufgesteckt werden kann. Ein Nachteil dieses Verfahrens besteht darin, daß für das Einbringen der Mineralwolle in die Form und das Entformen erheblicher Arbeitsaufwand anfällt sowie für die Aushärtung insoferne erheblicher Zusatzaufwand anfällt, als nicht auf die in den Produktionsvorgang integrierte Aushärtung im Tunnelofen zurückgegriffen werden kann, wie sie für die Fertigung von Filzen oder Platten für Standardprodukte üblich ist. Die Härtung in der speziellen Form erfordert somit besondere Investitionen und zusätzlichen Energieaufwand und kann auf Seiten des Mineralwolleherstellers auch den Produktionsablauf behindern.Furthermore, it is known from DE-OS 32 05 186 to arrange the mineral wool, which has not yet cured binder, around a core corresponding to the shape of the exhaust pipe and to enclose it in a mold housing corresponding to the inner contour of the muffler housing and to harden it in this position. After opening the mold housing and pulling out the core, there is then a one-piece molded part in the shape of the desired muffler filling, which is supplied to the muffler manufacturer and which can be plugged onto the actual exhaust pipe for installation in the muffler. A disadvantage of this method is that there is a considerable amount of work involved in introducing the mineral wool into the mold and removal from the mold, and considerable additional effort is involved in the hardening process, since the hardening in the tunnel kiln integrated in the production process cannot be used as it is for the Manufacturing of felts or sheets for standard products is common. Hardening in the special form therefore requires special investments and additional energy expenditure and can also hinder the production process on the part of the mineral wool manufacturer.

Darüberhinaus ist dieses Verfahren nur möglich, wenn das Abgasrohr und damit auch der in seiner Form dem Abgasrohr entsprechende Kern die Form eines einfachen Zylinders aufweisen, so daß das Formteil nach seiner Aushärtung problemlos abgezogen oder aufgesteckt werden kann. Bei gebogenen, verzweigten oder sonstwie unregelmäßig geformten Abgasrohren im Bereich des Schalldämpfers ist dieses Verfahren nicht anwendbar. Hierzu ist es aus der DE-PS 32 38 638, von der die Erfindung im Oberbegriff des Anspruchs 1 ausgeht, bekannt, das aus dem Abgasrohr und entsprechenden Zusatzelementen wie Zwischenwänden oder dergleichen bestehende Original-Einbauteil des Schalldämpfers auf Seiten des Mineralwolleherstellers mit Polstern aus vorgeharzter, jedoch noch nicht ausgehärteter Mineralwolle zu belegen und so in ein Formengehäuse einzubringen und auszuhärten. Die Mineralwolle kann dabei auch etwas dicker auf das Einbauteil aufgetragen werden, da sie unter dem Druck des anschließend aufzubringenden Formengehäuses vor der Aushärtung noch nachgibt. Nach dem Aushärten wird das aus dem Einbauteil und der ausgehärteten Mineralwolle gebildete Verbundbauteil aus dem Formengehäuse entnommen und so an den Schalldämpferhersteller geliefert, der dieses Verbundbauteil auf äußerst einfache Art und Weise durch seitliches Einschieben in das eigentliche Schalldämpfergehäuse montieren lassen kann.In addition, this method is only possible if the exhaust pipe and thus also the core corresponding in shape to the exhaust pipe have the shape of a simple cylinder, so that the molded part can be removed or plugged in after it has hardened. This method cannot be used for curved, branched or otherwise irregularly shaped exhaust pipes in the area of the silencer. For this purpose, it is known from DE-PS 32 38 638, from which the invention is based in the preamble of claim 1, from the exhaust pipe and corresponding additional elements such as partitions or the like to cover existing original built-in part of the muffler on the part of the mineral wool manufacturer with cushions of pre-hardened but not yet hardened mineral wool and thus to introduce and harden them in a mold housing. The mineral wool can also be applied a little thicker to the built-in part, since it gives way before the hardening under the pressure of the mold housing that is subsequently to be applied. After curing, the composite component formed from the built-in part and the hardened mineral wool is removed from the mold housing and delivered to the silencer manufacturer, who can have this composite component assembled in an extremely simple manner by pushing it sideways into the actual silencer housing.

Dieses Vorgehen ist noch aufwendiger und umfaßt im Einzelnen folgende Herstellungsschritte:

  • 1. Zulieferung der fertigen Einbauteile für den Schalldämpfer vom Schalldämpferhersteller an den Mineralwollehersteller,
  • 2. Herstellen von Mineralwollebahnen unter Anreicherung mit einem Kunstharzbindemittel,
  • 3. Erzeugung einer Vielzahl von Polstern z.B. durch Abreißen oder Abschneiden von den Mineralwollebahnen,
  • 4. Einbringen der Polster und des Original-Einbauteils in ein Formengehäuse,
  • 5. Aushärten des Bindemittels in einer beheizten Vorrichtung,
  • 6. Ausformen der fertigen Verbundbauteile,
  • 7. Rücklieferung der aus den Einbauteilen und der ausgehärteten Mineralwolle bestehenden Verbundbauteile vom Mineralwollehersteller an den Schalldämpferhersteller.
This procedure is even more complex and includes the following manufacturing steps:
  • 1. Delivery of the finished installation parts for the silencer from the silencer manufacturer to the mineral wool manufacturer,
  • 2. Production of mineral wool webs enriched with a synthetic resin binder,
  • 3. Generation of a large number of cushions, for example by tearing off or cutting off the mineral wool webs,
  • 4. inserting the upholstery and the original installation part into a mold housing,
  • 5. curing of the binder in a heated device,
  • 6. shaping the finished composite components,
  • 7. Return delivery of the composite components consisting of the built-in parts and the hardened mineral wool from the mineral wool manufacturer to the silencer manufacturer.

Wie ohne weiteres ersichtlich ist, wird hierdurch der für die Herstellung von sogenannten Wickelformteilen gemäß der DE-OS 32 05 186 bereits erforderliche erhebliche Aufwand noch dadurch erhöht, daß das Einbringen einer Vielzahl einzelner kleiner Polster arbeitsaufwendiger ist als das Umwickeln eines geraden Rohres mit einer längeren Mineralwollebahn. Ferner fällt insbesondere erheblicher Transportaufwand zusätzlich an, da jedes Original-Einbauteil zunächst vom Schalldämpferhersteller zum Mineralwollehersteller transportiert und nach der Bildung des Verbundbauteiles von diesem wieder an den Schalldämpferhersteller zurücktransportiert werden muß.As can be readily seen, the considerable effort already required for the production of so-called wound molded parts according to DE-OS 32 05 186 is further increased in that the introduction of a large number of individual small pads is more labor-intensive than wrapping a straight tube with a longer one Mineral wool web. Furthermore, in particular considerable transport effort is also incurred since each original built-in part must first be transported from the silencer manufacturer to the mineral wool manufacturer and after the composite component has been formed, the latter must be transported back to the silencer manufacturer.

Demgegenüber liegt der Erfindung die Aufgabe zugrunde, einen Abgas-Schalldämpfer der aus dem gattungsgemäßen Stand der Technik bekannten Gattung zu schaffen, welcher nicht nur bei Bedarf eine Verminderung des Transportaufwandes bei seiner Herstellung ermöglicht, sondern auch ohne die Verwendung aufwendiger Maßnahmen zur Formstabilisierung, insbesondere ohne vorherige Aushärtung herstellbar ist.In contrast, the invention has for its object to provide an exhaust gas muffler of the type known from the generic prior art, which not only enables a reduction in transport costs in its manufacture if necessary, but also without the use of expensive measures for shape stabilization, especially without previous curing is producible.

Die Lösung dieser Aufgabe erfolgt durch die kennzeichnenden Merkmale des Anspruchs 1.This object is achieved by the characterizing features of claim 1.

Die vorliegende Erfindung betrifft insbesondere einen Schalldämpfer mit einem der Durchleitung eines Abgasstromes dienenden, bereichsweise perforierten Einbauteil und einer in den Hohlräumen zwischen dem Einbauteil und dem Schalldämpfergehäuse angeordneten Füllung aus Mineralwolle-Auflagen, die aus mit einem Imprägnierungsmittel versehenem Mineralwollefilz sind, wobei die Auflagen entsprechend ihrer jeweiligen Lage im Schalldämpfer vorkonfektioniert sind, und das Schalldämpfergehäuse in seiner Meridianebene in zwei Gehäusehälften teilbar und an der Teilungsebene dauerhaft schließbar ist, wobei imprägnierte Konfektionsteile als Auflagen für das Einbauteil verwendet werden, die vor der Schließung des Schalldämpfergehäuses keiner Wärmebehandlung unterzogen wurden.The present invention relates in particular to a muffler with a regionally perforated built-in part serving for the passage of an exhaust gas flow and a filling of mineral wool layers arranged in the cavities between the built-in part and the muffler housing Mineral wool felt provided with an impregnation agent, the overlays being pre-assembled in accordance with their respective position in the silencer, and the silencer housing in its meridian plane can be divided into two housing halves and permanently closed at the division level, impregnated connection parts being used as supports for the built-in part before no heat treatment was carried out when the silencer housing was closed.

Die Erfindung geht von der Erkenntnis aus, daß z.B. vorgeharzte oder auf sonstige geeignete Weise imprägnierte Auflagen aus Mineralwolle einen guten inneren Faserzusammenhalt besitzen, dabei aber dennoch weich und bildsam sind und bei Kompression die komprimierte Form weitgehend halten, also nur langsam und unvollständig rückfedern. Hierdurch ist es möglich, derartige Auflagen von Hand annähernd plastisch zu verformen und dabei - über eine kurze Zeitspanne im wesentlichen bleibend - auch zu komprimieren. Auf diese Weise kann eine mit üblicher Rohdichte in der Größenordnung von z.B. 50 kg/m³ angelieferte und nicht im Rahmen einer unmittelbar vorangehenden Vorbehandlung auf eine wesentlich erhöhte Rohdichte gebrachte Auflage im Zuge ihrer Verarbeitung auf eine wesentlich höhere Rohdichte von z.B. 150 kg/m³ von Hand verdichtet werden; nach Wegnahme der Druckkraft bleibt dann noch genügend Zeit, bevor ein zu starkes Rückfedern auftritt, um die Auflage in einem teilkomprimierten, relativ geringes Volumen einnehmenden Zustand im Schalldämpfer zu montieren und das Schalldämpfergehäuse zu schließen, ohne daß überschüssiges Mineralwollvolumen an Anlageflächen der metallischen Schalldämpferbauteile eingeklemmt wird. Der Erfindung liegt die weitere Erkenntnis zurgrunde, daß eine Arbeit mit derartigen geharzten Auflagen - anders als beim Einbringen loser Mineralwolle - zu keinen größeren Zeitverzögerungen bei der Schalldämpfermontage selbst führt und keine besonderen Anforderungen an die Sorgfallt und Geschicklichkeit des Montagepersonals stellt, wenn die Auflagen entsprechend den Einbringverhältnissen des konkret herzustellenden Schalldämpfers in genauer, für die jeweilige Einbaustelle typischer Form vorkonfektioniert sind. Dann ist es möglich, so gebildete Konfektionsteile statt formstabilisierter Teile unmittelbar bei der Schalldämpfermontage zu verwenden, ohne daß nachteilige Auswirkungen auf den dortigen Arbeitsablauf zu befürchten sind, zumal infolge der genauen Konfektionierung eine Verwendung der Konfektionsteile mit größtmöglichen Abmessungen möglich ist, die überdies die reproduzierbare Erzielung der einzubringenden Sollmenge und der gewünschten Dichteverteilung gewährleistet.The invention is based on the knowledge that, for example, pre-resin-coated or otherwise suitably impregnated mineral wool overlays have a good interior Have fiber cohesion, but are still soft and shapeable and hold the compressed form largely when compressed, i.e. spring back only slowly and incompletely. This makes it possible to plastically deform such overlays by hand and thereby compress them - essentially remaining for a short period of time. In this way, a coating delivered with a standard bulk density in the order of magnitude of, for example, 50 kg / m³ and not brought to a significantly increased bulk density as part of an immediately preceding pretreatment, can be hand-made during its processing to a much higher bulk density of, for example, 150 kg / m³ be compressed; after the pressure force has been removed, there is still enough time before springback occurs to mount the support in a partially compressed, relatively low volume state in the muffler and to close the muffler housing without excess mineral wool volume being jammed on contact surfaces of the metallic muffler components . The invention is based on the further realization that working with such resin-coated pads - unlike when inserting loose mineral wool - does not lead to major time delays in the silencer assembly itself and does not make any special demands on the care and skill of the assembly personnel if the pads correspond to the Installation conditions of the silencer to be manufactured in a precise manner, pre-assembled for the respective installation site. Then it is possible to use the thus made-up parts instead of dimensionally stabilized parts directly during the installation of the silencer without fear of adverse effects on the workflow there, especially since the precise parts make it possible to use the parts with the largest possible dimensions, which, moreover, reproducible achievement of the target quantity to be introduced and the desired density distribution guaranteed.

Daher schlägt die Erfindung vor, derartige imprägnierte, z.B. vorgeharzte Auflagen vorkonfektioniert als Konfektionsteile beispielsweise in Form von Zuschnitten, Stanzteilen oder dgl. an Stelle von formstabilisierten Formteilen zum Montageort des Schalldämpfers zu liefern und dort in den Schalldämpfer selbst einzubauen. Die Verwendung eines in der Meridianebene geteilten Schalldämpfergehäuses ermöglicht eine einfache lagegenaue Belegung des Einbauteiles des Schalldämpfers mit den vorkonfektionierten Polstern. Sodann wird das Schalldämpfergehäuse in der Meridianebene - ähnlich wie das Formengehäuse beim gattungsgemäßen Stand der Technik - geschlossen. Dabei schließt die Verwendung großflächiger Konfektionsteile anstelle einer Vielzahl mehr oder weniger regelloser Polster ein Einklemmen überstehender Mineralwollteile zwischen aneinander satt anliegenden Metallflächen des Schalldämpfergehäuses und des Einbauteils aus. Eine Aushärtung braucht überhaupt nicht zu erfolgen, da eine Formstabilisierung eines ohne Außengehäuse zu transportierenden Formteiles nicht erforderlich ist. Weiterhin braucht für die Imprägnierung der Konfektionsteile, welche sie weich und schmiegsam macht, nicht notwendigerweise ein Bindemittel verwendet werden, sondern kann jedes andere geeignete flüssige Imprägnierungsmittel verwendet werden, da nach Einbau in den Schalldämpfer das Bindemittel im wesentlichen ohne Funktion ist und bei Inbetriebnahme des Kraftfahrzeuges in kurzer Zeit wegbrennt. Es kann somit das Imprägnierungsmittel unter anderen Gesichtspunkten ausgewählt werden, etwa der Umweltverträglichkeit bei Betrieb des Kraftfahrzeugs, der guten und preiswerten Verfügbarkeit, der guten und angenehmen Verarbeitbarkeit usw..The invention therefore proposes to supply such impregnated, for example pre-resin-coated pads as ready-made parts, for example in the form of blanks, stamped parts or the like. Instead of shape-stabilized molded parts to the mounting location of the silencer and to install them there in the silencer itself. The use of a muffler housing divided in the meridian plane makes it easy to precisely position the built-in part of the muffler with the pre-assembled cushions. Then the silencer housing is closed in the meridian plane - similar to the mold housing in the generic state of the art. The use of large-area ready-made parts instead of a large number of more or less random cushions prevents jamming of protruding mineral wool parts between tightly fitting metal surfaces of the muffler housing and the built-in part. Curing need not take place at all, since it is not necessary to stabilize the shape of a molded part that is to be transported without an outer housing. Furthermore, a binding agent does not necessarily have to be used for the impregnation of the ready-made parts, which makes them soft and pliable, but any other suitable liquid impregnating agent can be used, since after installation in the muffler the binding agent is essentially without function and when the motor vehicle is started up burns away in a short time. The impregnation agent can thus be selected from other points of view, such as the environmental compatibility when operating the motor vehicle, the good and inexpensive availability, the good and pleasant processability, etc.

Wenn die Montage des Schalldämpfers beim Schalldämpferhersteller erfolgt, so brauchen lediglich die imprägnierten Konfektionsteile zu diesem transportiert werden, was selbst gegenüber einem Transport von formstabilisierten Formteilen alleine noch zu einer Verminderung der Transportkosten führt. Alternativ kann bei Bedarf jedoch auch die Schalldämpfermontage beim Mineralwollehersteller erfolgen, um den Betrieb des Schalldämpferherstellers von diesem Aufwand zu entlasten; da dann im Vergleich zum Vorgehen nach der DE-OS 32 38 638 zum Einbauteil bzw. zum Verbundbauteil zusätzlich noch das Originalgehäuse des Schalldämpfers transportiert wird, sind die Transportkosten zwar von daher geringfügig erhöht, entfällt dafür aber jeglicher Montageaufwand auf seiten des Schalldämpferherstellers, der lediglich die von ihm gefertigten Metallteile an den Mineralwollehersteller liefert und den fertigen Schalldämpfer zurückerhält. Der Transportaufwand kann, soweit die zeitliche Abstimmung der Zulieferung dies zuläßt, dadurch insgesamt vermindert werden, daß der Mineralwollehersteller den bei ihm fertig montierten Schalldämpfer sogleich an den Kunden des Schalldämpferherstellers, also den Automobilhersteller, liefert und so der Transport vom Schalldämpferhersteller zum Automobilhersteller entfällt; dies ist im Rahmen der Erfindung deshalb möglich, weil nach dem Schließen des Schalldämpfergehäuses im Anschluß an das Einbringen der imprägnierten Mineralwollepolster keinerlei Arbeiten am Schalldämpfer mehr erforderlich sind.If the muffler is assembled by the muffler manufacturer, only the impregnated assembly parts need to be transported to it, which even leads to a reduction in transport costs even when transporting dimensionally stabilized molded parts. Alternatively, if necessary, the silencer assembly can also be carried out at the mineral wool manufacturer to relieve the operation of the silencer manufacturer of this effort; Since the original housing of the silencer is then transported in addition to the procedure according to DE-OS 32 38 638 for the installation part or for the composite component, the transport costs are therefore slightly increased, but there is no assembly effort on the part of the silencer manufacturer, who only delivers the metal parts he has made to the mineral wool manufacturer and receives the finished silencer back. The transportation effort can, as far as the timing of the delivery permits, be reduced overall by the mineral wool manufacturer immediately delivering the muffler he has assembled to the customer of the muffler manufacturer, i.e. the automobile manufacturer, and thus the transport from the muffler manufacturer to the automobile manufacturer is no longer necessary; this is possible within the scope of the invention because after the silencer housing has been closed and after the impregnated mineral wool pads have been introduced, no further work is required on the silencer.

Insbesondere bei Schalldämpfergehäusen mit elliptischen oder ähnlichem Querschnitt ergibt sich durch die Maßnahme des Anspruchs 2 auf einfache Weise eine Verminderung von Dichte unterschieden.In particular in the case of muffler housings with an elliptical or similar cross section, the measure of claim 2 results in a simple way of reducing the density difference.

Wenn der Abnehmer zwischen der Mineralwolle und der Außenseite des Abgasrohres eine Lage aus Metallwolle wünscht, um das Ausblasverhalten zu verbessern, so können gemäß Anspruch 3 die Metallwolle entweder in Form eines Metallfaserstrumpfes im Zuge der Montage vor der Belegung mit Konfektionsteiles auf ein gerades Abgasrohr aufgeschoben oder in sonstiger Weise, z.B. durch Punktlöten am Einbauteil lagegesichert werden, oder aber gemäß Anspruch 4 an der in Einbaustellung dem Einbauteil zugewandten Seite der Konfektionsteile befestigt werden. Gemäß Anspruch 5 kann diese Befestigung mechanisch etwa durch Steppen erfolgen, oder aber mittels eines Klebers, der jedoch zu seiner Aushärtung keine zu einer Beeinträchtigung der Imprägnierung der Mineralwolle führende Wärmeeinwirkung benötigt.If the customer is between the mineral wool and the If a layer of metal wool is desired on the outside of the exhaust pipe in order to improve the blow-out behavior, the metal wool can either be pushed onto a straight exhaust pipe in the form of a metal fiber stocking in the course of assembly before being fitted with a fitting part, or in some other way, for example by spot soldering Installation part are secured in position, or, according to claim 4, are fastened to the side of the ready-made parts facing the installation part in the installation position. According to claim 5, this attachment can be done mechanically, for example, by quilting, or by means of an adhesive, which, however, does not require any heat to impair the impregnation of the mineral wool in order to harden it.

Gegebenenfalls kann eine Metallfaserlage an das Konfektionsteil aus Mineralwolle für eine ausreichende Anheftung auch nur angedrückt werden, um durch Verkrall- und Adhäsionseffekte eine ausreichende Lagesicherung für die Handhabung der so gebildeten Verbundteile bei der Montage zu erzielen.If necessary, a metal fiber layer can only be pressed onto the mineral wool assembly part for sufficient attachment, in order to achieve sufficient positional security for handling the composite parts thus formed during assembly by clawing and adhesion effects.

Als Imprägnierungsmittel eignet sich eine Vielzahl von Flüssigkeiten wie auch das übliche Kunstharzbindemittel für derartige Mineralwolle. Gemäß Anspruch 6 ist eine Wasser-öl-Emulsion bevorzugt, die zusätzlich eine verbesserte Faser-Faserhaftung der Mineralwolle und damit eine Stabilisierung der Umrißform des Konfektionsteils ergibt. Eine solche Emulsion ist beispielsweise aus der DE-OS 36 16 454 bekannt, auf die wegen weiterer Einzelheiten insoweit verwiesen wird. Während sich das Wasser im Betrieb des Kraftfahrzeuges rückstandsfrei und ohne jede Umweltbelastung verflüchtigt, ist die Umweltbelastung durch den ölbestandteil denkbar gering. Neben guter und preiswerter Verfügbarkeit hat eine solche Emulsion auch den Vorteil einer angenehmen Handhabung der Konfektionsteile bei der Montage.A variety of liquids are suitable as impregnation agents, as is the usual synthetic resin binder for such mineral wool. According to claim 6, a water-oil emulsion is preferred, which additionally results in an improved fiber-fiber adhesion of the mineral wool and thus a stabilization of the outline shape of the finished part. Such an emulsion is known for example from DE-OS 36 16 454, to which reference is made for further details. While the water evaporates residue-free and without any environmental pollution during the operation of the motor vehicle, the environmental pollution caused by the oil component is extremely low. In addition to good and inexpensive availability, such an emulsion also has the advantage of pleasant handling the assembly parts during assembly.

Weitere Einzelheiten, Merkmale und Vorteile der Erfindung ergeben sich aus der nachfolgenden Beschreibung einer Ausführungsform anhand der Zeichnung.Further details, features and advantages of the invention result from the following description of an embodiment with reference to the drawing.

Es zeigt:

Fig. 1
eine auseinandergezogene Darstellung eines mit dem erfindungsgemäßen Verfahren hergestellten Schalldämpfers,
Fig. 2
zwei zur Herstellung dieses Schalldämpfers verwendete Auflagen in Form genau gefertigter Konfektionsteile, die zusammen den Oberteil der Schalldämpffüllung bilden sollen,
Fig. 3
in einer Fig. 1 ähnlichen Darstellung einen Querschnitt durch einen Schalldämpfer in einer Zwischenstellung im Zuge seiner Herstellung, und
Fig. 4
in einer Darstellung entsprechend Fig. 3 einen Querschnitt durch einen fertigen, mit dem erfindungsgemäßen Verfahren hergestellten Schalldämpfer.
It shows:
Fig. 1
2 shows an exploded view of a silencer produced using the method according to the invention,
Fig. 2
two cushions used to manufacture this silencer in the form of precisely manufactured assembly parts, which together form the upper part of the silencer filling,
Fig. 3
in a Fig. 1 similar representation a cross section through a muffler in an intermediate position in the course of its manufacture, and
Fig. 4
3 shows a cross section through a finished silencer manufactured using the method according to the invention.

Wie aus Fig. 1 ersichtlich ist, besteht ein erfindungsgemäßen Abgas-Schalldämpfer aus einem Gehäuse 1 mit einer oberen Gehäusehälfte 1a und einer unteren Gehäusehälfte 1b sowie einem Einbauteil 2 und einer zwischen dem Einbauteil 2 und dem Schalldämpfergehäuse 1 angeordneten Füllung 3 aus Mineralwolle, im Beispielsfalle in Form von 4 Konfektionsteilen 3a, 3b, 3c und 3d.As can be seen from Fig. 1, an exhaust gas muffler according to the invention consists of a housing 1 with an upper housing half 1a and a lower housing half 1b as well as an installation part 2 and a filling 3 made of mineral wool, which is arranged between the installation part 2 and the muffler housing 1, in the example case in the form of 4 assembly parts 3a, 3b, 3c and 3d.

Das Einbauteil 2 weist einen vorderen Anschlußstutzen 4 und einen hinteren Anschlußstutzen 5 für den Anschluß an die nicht mehr dargestellte Abgasleitung beispielsweise im Auspuffsystem eines Kfz auf. Zwischen den Anschlußstutzen 4 und 5 weist das Einbauteil 2 einen mit Perforationen 6 versehenen Rohrabschnitt 7 auf. Der Rohrabschnitt 7 aus Metall ist im Beispielsfalle aus zwei Hälften hergestellt, die an einem in der Meridianebene liegenden Flansch 8 miteinander verbunden sind. In einem Mittelteil zwischen den Anschlußstutzen 4 und 5 ist am Umfang das Rohrabschnittes 7 eine radial angeordnete Distanzscheibe 9 mit einem radial äußeren umlaufenden Stützsteg 10 angeordnet, dessen Kontur der Innenkontur seines Anlagebereichs im Schalldämpfergehäuse 1 entspricht.The installation part 2 has a front connection piece 4 and a rear connection piece 5 for connection to the exhaust pipe, which is no longer shown, for example in the exhaust system of a motor vehicle. Between the connecting pieces 4 and 5, the installation part 2 has a pipe section 7 provided with perforations 6. The pipe section 7 made of metal is made in the example from two halves which are connected to one another on a flange 8 lying in the meridian plane. In a middle part between the connecting pieces 4 and 5, the pipe section 7 is arranged on the circumference of a radially arranged spacer 9 with a radially outer circumferential support web 10, the contour of which corresponds to the inner contour of its contact area in the silencer housing 1.

An den Gehäusehälften 1a und 1b des Schalldämpfergehäuses 1 sind Durchtrittsöffnungen 11 und 12 für die Anschlußstutzen 4 und 5 des Einbauteiles 2 vorgesehen. Im Hinblick auf die Teilung des Schalldämpfergehäuses 1 in einer in Fig. 4 veranschaulichten Meridianebene 13, in der auch der Flansch 8 des Einbauteiles 2 liegt, sind die Durchtrittsöffnungen 11 und 12 als jeweils an der Gehäusehälfte 1a bzw. der Gehäusehälfte 1b angeordnete Halbstutzen 11a, 12a bzw. 11b, 12b ausgebildet, welche bei geschlossenem Schalldämpfergehäuse 1 die Anschlußstutzen 4 und 5 beidseitig umfassen. In dieser Stellung liegt der Stützsteg 10 spiel frei an einer entsprechenden Anlagefläche des Schalldämpfergehäuses 1 an und sichert so die gewünschte Lage des Einbauteiles 2 im Schalldämpfergehäuse 1.On the housing halves 1a and 1b of the muffler housing 1, passage openings 11 and 12 are provided for the connecting pieces 4 and 5 of the installation part 2. With regard to the division of the muffler housing 1 in a meridian plane 13 illustrated in FIG. 4, in which the flange 8 of the built-in part 2 also lies, the through openings 11 and 12 are in each case arranged on the housing half 1a and the housing half 1b as half-sockets 11a, 12a and 11b, 12b, which, when the silencer housing 1 is closed, encompass the connecting pieces 4 and 5 on both sides. In this position, the support web 10 lies freely against a corresponding contact surface of the muffler housing 1 and thus secures the desired position of the mounting part 2 in the muffler housing 1.

Im Betrieb des Abgas-Schalldämpfers durchströmt pulsierendes Abgas mit hoher Schwingungsenergie den Rohrabschnitt 7. Durch die Perforationen 6 hindurch kann ein Druckabbau der Schwingungsenergie in die umgebende Füllung 3 aus Mineralwolle erfolgen, welche infolge ihres Schalldämpfvermögens einen Großteil der Schwingungsenergie vernichtet. Auf diese Weise kommt die Geräuschdämpfung des Abgas-Schalldämpfers zustande.During operation of the exhaust-gas muffler, pulsating exhaust gas with high vibration energy flows through the pipe section 7. Through the perforations 6, the pressure of the vibration energy can be reduced into the surrounding filling 3 made of mineral wool, which destroys a large part of the vibrational energy due to its sound absorption capacity. In this way, the noise attenuation of the exhaust silencer is achieved.

Da das Abgas hohe Temperatur und hohe Schwingungsenergie aufweist, kann es bei längerer Betriebsdauer zu einer Verminderung des Zusammenhalts der Mineralfasern in der Füllung 3 kommen, mit der Folge, daß einzelne Mineralfasern sich aus dem Verband lösen, die Perforation 6 durchdringen und mit dem Abgasstrom im Rohrabschnitt 7 ausgeblasen werden können. Zum Schutz der Mineralfasern der Füllung 3 im Sinne einer Verbesserung des Ausblasverhaltens kann zwischen dem Außenumfang des Rohrabschnittes 7 im Bereich der Perforationen 6 und dem Innenumfang der Füllung 3 eine zusätzliche Lage 14 aus Metallwolle eingebracht werden, welche die Mineralwolle vor der unmittelbaren Beaufschlagung durch das heiße Abgas schützt.Since the exhaust gas has high temperature and high vibration energy, there may be a reduction in the cohesion of the mineral fibers in the filling 3 with a longer operating time, with the result that individual mineral fibers detach from the dressing, penetrate the perforation 6 and with the exhaust gas flow in Pipe section 7 can be blown out. To protect the mineral fibers of the filling 3 in the sense of an improvement in the blow-out behavior, an additional layer 14 of metal wool can be introduced between the outer circumference of the pipe section 7 in the area of the perforations 6 and the inner circumference of the filling 3, which layer picks up the mineral wool before it is exposed to the hot Exhaust gas protects.

Es ist gängige und bewährte Praxis, dem Schalldämpferhersteller die Füllung 3 in Form von Formteilen zur Verfügung zu stellen, so wie sie beispielsweise in Fig. 1 veranschaulicht sind, wobei die Konfektionsteile 3a, 3b, 3c und 3d in einem solchen Fall durch ein für solche Zwecke übliches, ausgehärtetes Bindemittel in der veranschaulichten Form gehalten wären. Die Herstellung solcher Formteile erfolgt entweder in Form einer materialgebenden Bearbeitung einer entsprechenden ausgehärteten Mineralfaserplatte zur Erzielung der gewünschten Form (Frästeile) oder durch Aushärtung der bindemittelhaltigen Mineralwolle in einer Form unter Wärmeeinwirkung. Wie ohne weiteres ersichtlich ist, können derartige Formteile auf Seiten des Schalldämpferherstellers wie maßhaltige Konstruktionsteile verwendet und einfach zusammen mit dem Einbauteil 2 in das Schalldämpfergehäuse 1 eingelegt und dieses sodann verschlossen werden, ohne daß sich irgendwelche Probleme ergeben würden. Eine alternative Vorgehensweise besteht darin, das Original-Einbauteil 2 mit bindemittelhaltigen, jedoch unausgehärteten Polstern zu belegen und in ein Formengehäuse entsprechend der Kontur des Schalldämpfergehäuses 1 einzubringen und dort auszuhärten, und das so gebildete Verbundbauteil nach Lieferung an den Schalldämpferhersteller als Ganzes in das Schalldämpfergehäuse einzusetzen.It is common and proven practice to provide the silencer manufacturer with the filling 3 in the form of molded parts, as is illustrated, for example, in FIG. 1, the assembly parts 3a, 3b, 3c and 3d being used in such a case by one for such Common, cured binder would be kept in the illustrated form for purposes. Such molded parts are produced either in the form of material-processing a corresponding hardened mineral fiber board to achieve the desired shape (milled parts) or by curing the mineral wool containing binder in a mold under the action of heat. As can be easily seen, such molded parts on the part of the muffler manufacturer can be used as dimensionally stable construction parts and are simple inserted together with the installation part 2 in the silencer housing 1 and this can then be closed without any problems. An alternative procedure is to cover the original built-in part 2 with binder-containing, but uncured cushions and to insert it into a mold housing in accordance with the contour of the silencer housing 1 and to harden it there, and to insert the composite component formed in this way into the silencer housing after delivery to the silencer manufacturer .

Wie einleitend erläutert ist, besitzen alle diese Vorgehensweisen gewisse Nachteile, insbesondere was den Herstellungs- und Transportaufwand betrifft. Im Falle einer Verwendung sogenannter Frästeile ist nachteilig der Zusatzaufwand für die Fräsbearbeitung sowie der anfallende Abfall; im Falle einer Verwendung in der Form ausgehärteter Formteile, ob nun einzeln hergestellt oder nach Belegung des Einbauteils mit entsprechenden Polstern, ist nachteilig insbesondere der Aufwand für einen besonderen Aushärtevorgang, wobei im Falle der Lieferung eines mit der ausgehärteten Füllung belegten Einbauteiles noch der erhebliche Transportaufwand für den Hin- und Hertransport der Original-Einbauteile hinzukommt.As explained in the introduction, all of these procedures have certain disadvantages, in particular with regard to the manufacturing and transport costs. In the case of the use of so-called milled parts, the additional effort for milling and the resulting waste are disadvantageous; in the case of use in the form of hardened molded parts, whether individually manufactured or after covering the built-in part with appropriate pads, the expense for a special hardening process is particularly disadvantageous, and in the case of delivery of a built-in part covered with the hardened filling, the considerable transport effort for transportation of the original installation parts back and forth.

Aus Sicht des Mineralwolleherstellers am einfachsten wäre natürlich die Lieferung loser Mineralwolle oder von Mineralwollefilz, von dem geeignete Stücke abgerissen oder abgeschnitten und in ein umfangsseitig geschlossenes Schalldämpfergehäuse gestopft werden können, jedoch kann damit auf Seiten des Schalldämpferherstellers mit vertretbarem Aufwand keine den Qualitätsanforderungen entsprechende Füllung hergestellt werden. Dabei ist insbesondere zu beachten, daß die Rohdichte eines ohne wesentliche Vorkompression angelieferten Mineralwollefilzes in der Größenordnung von 50 kg/m³ durch Kompression erheblich auf beispielsweise 150 kg/m³ und mehr erhöht werden soll, damit die Mineralwolle die ihr zugedachten Funktionen im Schalldämpfer bestmöglich erfüllen kann. Eine solch starke Kompression bei der Montage des Schalldämpfers stellt eine unüberwindliche praktische Schwierigkeit dar, wenn zudem berücksichtigt wird, daß auch die eingebrachte Sollmenge an Mineralwolle und deren Dichteverteilung vorgegebenen Anforderungen entsprechen müssen. Dabei muß sichergestellt sein, daß die Halbstutzen 11a und 11b bzw. 12a und 12b dicht am Außenumfang der Anschlußstutzen 4 und 5 anliegen müssen, der Stützsteg 10 sauber am Innenumfang des metallischen Schalldämpfergehäuses 1 anliegen muß und die in der Meridianebene 13 liegenden, mit 15 und 16 bezeichneten Umfangsflansche der Gehäusehälften 1a und 1b des Schalldämpfergehäuses 1 dicht aneinander anliegen müssen, so daß an allen diesen Stellen keine Mineralwolle vorliegen darf.From the mineral wool manufacturer's point of view, the easiest would of course be the delivery of loose mineral wool or mineral wool felt, from which suitable pieces can be torn off or cut off and stuffed into a muffler housing that is closed on the circumference, but this means that the muffler manufacturer cannot produce a filling that meets the quality requirements with reasonable effort . It should be noted in particular that the bulk density of one without essential pre-compression mineral wool felt in the order of 50 kg / m³ should be increased considerably by compression to, for example, 150 kg / m³ and more, so that the mineral wool can best perform its intended functions in the silencer. Such a strong compression when installing the muffler is an insurmountable practical difficulty if it is also taken into account that the target quantity of mineral wool and its density distribution must also meet specified requirements. It must be ensured that the half-pieces 11a and 11b or 12a and 12b must lie close to the outer circumference of the connecting pieces 4 and 5, the support web 10 must fit snugly against the inner circumference of the metallic silencer housing 1 and those lying in the meridian plane 13, with 15 and 16 designated circumferential flanges of the housing halves 1a and 1b of the muffler housing 1 must lie close together, so that no mineral wool may be present at all of these locations.

Zur Herstellung des erfindungsgemäßen Abgas-Schalldämpfers wird nun an Stelle von Formteilen mit imprägnierten, insbesondere bindemittelhaltigen, jedoch noch nicht ausgehärteten Konfektionsteilen 3a, 3b, 3c und 3d gearbeitet, die in Abhängigkeit von den Einbauverhältnissen im Schalldämpfer genau vorkonfektioniert sind. Die Konfektionsteile 3c und 3d zur Bildung der in Fig. 1 unteren Teile der Füllung 3 sind in Fig. 2 in einer Draufsicht dargestellt. Sie sind im Beispielsfalle aus einer Mineralwollbahn mit einer Dicke von 50 mm in exakter Form ausgestanzt und weisen Einbuchtungen 17, 18 für den Bereich der Anschlußstutzen 4 und 5 auf. Wie auch in der Darstellung aus Fig. 1 schematisch ersichtlich ist, ergeben die genau bemessenen Einbuchtungen 17 und 18 einen verminderten Materialanteil in diesem Bereich und somit trotz der einheitlichen Höhe der Konfektionsteile 3a, 3b, 3c und 3d eine verminderte Materialstärke der Füllung in diesem Bereich ohne Verquetschungen. Die genaue Kontur der Konfektionsteile 3a, 3b, 3c und 3d ist am besten durch Versuche zu ermitteln; in jedem Falle ist sichergestellt, daß eine eine passende Verformung ergebende Kontur zur Verfügung steht und bei der Kompression reproduzierbar stets die gleichen Formänderungen ausführt.To manufacture the exhaust gas silencer according to the invention, instead of molded parts, work is now carried out with impregnated, in particular binder-containing, but not yet hardened, assembly parts 3a, 3b, 3c and 3d, which are pre-assembled as a function of the installation conditions in the silencer. The assembly parts 3c and 3d for forming the lower parts of the filling 3 in FIG. 1 are shown in a top view in FIG. 2. In the example, they are punched out of a mineral wool sheet with a thickness of 50 mm in an exact shape and have indentations 17, 18 for the area of the connecting pieces 4 and 5. As can also be seen schematically in the illustration from FIG. 1, the precisely dimensioned indentations 17 and 18 result in a reduced proportion of material in this area and thus in spite of the uniform Height of the assembly parts 3a, 3b, 3c and 3d a reduced material thickness of the filling in this area without crushing. The exact contour of the assembly parts 3a, 3b, 3c and 3d can best be determined by experiment; in any case, it is ensured that a contour resulting in a suitable deformation is available and that the compression always reproducibly executes the same shape changes.

Auf diese Weise können unter Minimierung des Transportaufwandes lediglich die imprägnierten, jedoch ungehärteten Konfektionsteile 3a, 3b, 3c und 3d dem Schalldämpferhersteller geliefert werden, der die Konfektionsteile ähnlich einfach wie Formteile handhaben und unmittelbar in das Schalldämpfergehäuse einbringen kann, ohne daß der Aufwand einer Aushärtung der Formteile oder eines Fräsvorganges beim Mineralwollehersteller anfällt. Wesentlich ist, daß die beispielsweise mit Bindemittel imprägnierten, jedoch unausgehärteten Konfektionsteile 3a, 3b, 3c und 3d sich in ihrer Konsistenz sehr erheblich von loser, nicht bindemittelhaltiger bzw. nicht imprägnierter Mineralwolle unterscheiden; denn durch die Imprägnierung ergibt sich eine erhöhte Geschmeidigkeit und ein verbesserter Zusammenhalt der Fasern, so daß die Konfektionsteile gut plastisch verformt werden können und bei nicht zu starker Verformung nur sehr zögernd im Sinne einer Rückfederung dazu neigen, ihre ursprüngliche Form wieder anzunehmen. Bei einer mäßigen Kompression eines solchen Konfektionsteiles mit der Hand etwa bleibt die komprimierte Form nach Wegnahme des Druckes zunächst erhalten und stellt sich nur ganz langsam im Sinne eines erneuten Auffederns teilweise zurück. Andererseits ist der Zusammenhalt der Fasern so gut, daß eine Ausfransen oder dergleichen der mit 19 bezeichneten Ränder der Konfektionsteile auch im Zuge ihrer plastischen Verformung nicht auftritt, sondern als glatte Fläche erhalten bleibt.In this way, only the impregnated but uncured assembly parts 3a, 3b, 3c and 3d can be supplied to the muffler manufacturer while minimizing the transport effort, who can handle the assembly parts just as easily as molded parts and insert them directly into the muffler housing without the effort of curing Molded parts or a milling process at the mineral wool manufacturer. It is essential that the, for example, impregnated but uncured parts 3a, 3b, 3c and 3d differ in their consistency very considerably from loose mineral wool which does not contain or is not impregnated; because the impregnation results in an increased suppleness and an improved cohesion of the fibers, so that the ready-made parts can be deformed plastically and, if not too strongly deformed, tend only very slowly in the sense of springback to return to their original shape. With a moderate compression of such a ready-made part by hand, for example, the compressed form is initially retained after the pressure has been removed and is only partially reset very slowly in the sense of springing open again. On the other hand, the cohesion of the fibers is so good that fraying or the like of the edges of the assembly parts denoted by 19 does not occur even in the course of their plastic deformation, but rather as a smooth surface preserved.

Der Vorgang der Schalldämpfermontage ist in Fig. 3 näher veranschaulicht.The process of mounting the silencer is illustrated in more detail in FIG. 3.

Wie daraus ersichtlich ist, werden zunächst die in Fig. 1 unteren Konfektionsteile 3c und 3d in die untere Gehäusehälfte 1b des Schalldämpfergehäuses 1 eingelegt, wobei sie nicht oder nur geringfügig von Hand beim Einlegen komprimiert sind. Sodann wird das Einbauteil 2 derart in die untere Gehäusehälfte 1b eingelegt, daß die Distanzscheibe 9 mit dem Stützsteg 10 in einen Spalt zwischen den Konfektionsteile 3c und 3d hineinragt, und wird das Einbauteil 2 bzw. der Rohrabschnitt 7 in die unteren Konfektionsteile 3c und 3d eingedrückt, wie dies aus Fig. 3 ersichtlich ist. Wie ohne weiteres erkennbar ist, hat das Eindrücken des Einbauteiles 2 zur Folge, daß die seitlichen Ränder 19 der Konfektionsteile 3c und 3d infolge des durch die Imprägnierung verbesserten Zusammenhalts der Fasern der Mineralwolle nach innen in Richtung auf den Rohrabschnitt 7 einkippen und somit in Abstand vom Umfangsflansch 16 gelangen. Der gute Zusammenhalt der Fasern auch an den stirnseitigen Rändern 19 gewährleistet, daß auch dort keine Büschel oder Fransen in Richtung auf die metallischen Konstruktionsteile über eine vorgesehe Stelle hinausstehen und die dortige gegenseitige Anlage stören könnten.As can be seen from this, the lower assembly parts 3c and 3d in FIG. 1 are first inserted into the lower housing half 1b of the muffler housing 1, whereby they are not or only slightly compressed when inserted. Then the built-in part 2 is inserted into the lower housing half 1b in such a way that the spacer 9 with the supporting web 10 projects into a gap between the made-up parts 3c and 3d, and the built-in part 2 or the pipe section 7 is pressed into the lower made-up parts 3c and 3d , as can be seen from Fig. 3. As can easily be seen, the pressing of the built-in part 2 has the result that the lateral edges 19 of the ready-made parts 3c and 3d tilt inwards towards the pipe section 7 due to the improved cohesion of the fibers of the mineral wool and thus at a distance from the pipe section Circumferential flange 16 arrive. The good cohesion of the fibers also at the front edges 19 ensures that there are no tufts or fringes in the direction of the metallic structural parts protruding beyond a designated location and could interfere with the mutual contact there.

Sodann werden die oberen Konfektionsteile 3a und 3b auf das in den Konfektionsteilen 3c und 3d eingebettete Einbauteil 2 entsprechend aufgesetzt und von Hand vorkomprimiert. Nach Aufsetzen der oberen Gehäusehälfte 1a können die beiden Gehäusehälften 1a und 1b zur Bildung des fertigen Schalldämpfergehäuses 1, wie in Fig. 4 dargestellt ist, aneinandergedrückt werden, wobei die Füllung 3 aus Mineralwolle, ohne an den metallischen Anlageflächen zu stören, in die endgültig gewünschte Form verpreßt wird. Dabei liegen die Konfektionsteile 3a, 3b, 3c und 3d überwiegend mit ihren im ebenen Zustand seitlichen Rändern 19 in der Meridianebene 13 aneinander an, so daß im Beispielsfalle eines elliptischen Schalldämpfergehäuses 1 zu beiden Seiten des Rohrabschnittes 7 eine große Menge an Mineralwolle vorliegt und den dortigen vergrößerten Zwischenraum mit ausreichender Dichte füllt.The upper assembly parts 3a and 3b are then correspondingly placed on the built-in part 2 embedded in the assembly parts 3c and 3d and pre-compressed by hand. After placing the upper housing half 1a, the two housing halves 1a and 1b can be pressed together to form the finished muffler housing 1, as shown in FIG. 4, the filling 3 being made of mineral wool, without affecting the metallic ones Interfering contact surfaces is pressed into the final desired shape. The assembly parts 3a, 3b, 3c and 3d are predominantly in contact with one another in the flat state with lateral edges 19 in the meridian plane 13, so that in the example of an elliptical muffler housing 1 there is a large amount of mineral wool on both sides of the pipe section 7 and those there fills enlarged space with sufficient density.

Im vorliegenden Beispielsfalle ist, wie insbesondere aus Fig. 4 ersichtlich ist, die Breite der Konfektionsteile 3a, 3b, 3c und 3d im wesentlichen entsprechend der Bogenlänge der Wand der jeweiligen Gehäusehälfte 1a bzw. 1b an der Einbaustelle gewählt worden, so daß, wie auch Fig. 3 veranschaulicht, ein Anschmiegen der jeweiligen Konfektionsteile an die Wölbung der zugehörigen Gehäusehälfte seitlich einwärts stehende Ränder 19 ergibt, die im Bereich der Meridianebene 13 enden und in die Bodenfläche des Konfektionsteils überleiten. Jedoch läßt sich auch bei anderen Ausbildungen eines Schalldämpfers durch geschickte Wahl der Anordnung und Kontur der Konfektionsteile sowie entsprechende ergänzende Versuche stets erreichen, daß die Mineralwolle der Konfektionsteile bei der Kompression in einer solchen Weise verformt wird, daß sich eine gute Ausfüllung aller schalltechnisch wesentlichen Zwischenräume ergibt und Dichteunterschiede in der Mineralwolle im fertigen Schalldämpfer begrenzt sind.In the present example case, as can be seen in particular from Fig. 4, the width of the assembly parts 3a, 3b, 3c and 3d has been chosen essentially according to the arc length of the wall of the respective housing half 1a or 1b at the installation point, so that, as well Fig. 3 illustrates, nestling of the respective assembly parts on the curvature of the associated housing half results in laterally inwardly standing edges 19 which end in the area of the meridian plane 13 and lead into the bottom surface of the assembly part. However, even with other designs of a muffler by skillful choice of the arrangement and contour of the assembly parts as well as corresponding additional tests, the mineral wool of the assembly parts is always deformed during compression in such a way that there is a good filling of all sound-technical gaps and density differences in the mineral wool in the finished silencer are limited.

Wenn, wie in Fig. 4 angedeutet ist, in der üblichen Weise ein abschließendes Umbördeln der Ränder der Gehäusehälften 1a und 1b im Bereich der Umfangsflansche 15 und 16 erfolgt, ist der Schalldämpfer hermetisch geschlossen und mit einer ordnungsgemäßen Füllung versehen. Der besondere Arbeitsgang eines Aushärtens der Füllung, wenn als Imprägniermittel Bindemittel verwendet wird, kann vollständig entfallen, da in dieser Stellung eine zusätzliche Formstabilisierung der Mineralwolle nicht mehr erforderlich ist. Im Falle der Verwendung von Bindemittel als Imprägniermittel wird jedoch unter dem Einfluß der heißen Verbrennungsgase bei Beginn der Inbetriebnahme des Kraftfahrzeuges dennoch eine Aushärtung erfolgen, die jedenfalls unschädlich, mit Blick auf die Verbesserung des Ausblasverhaltens ggfs. jedoch auch vorteilhaft ist, da sie die Lage der einzelnen Fasern in der erreichten Stellung zusätzlich sichert.If, as indicated in FIG. 4, the edges of the housing halves 1a and 1b are finally flanged in the area of the peripheral flanges 15 and 16 in the usual manner, the silencer is hermetically sealed and provided with a proper filling. The special step of curing the Filling, if binder is used as the impregnating agent, can be omitted completely, since in this position an additional shape stabilization of the mineral wool is no longer necessary. In the case of the use of binders as impregnating agents, however, curing will still take place under the influence of the hot combustion gases when the motor vehicle is started up, which is harmless in any case, but may also be advantageous with a view to improving the blow-out behavior, since it changes the position of the additionally secures individual fibers in the position reached.

Wie ohne weiteres aus der vorstehenden Beschreibung erkennbar wird, können Lagen 14 aus Metallwolle, insbesondere in Schlauchform, vor dem Aufbringen der Füllung 3 am Einbauteil befestigt werden, beispielsweise aufgeschoben oder angelötet werden. Es ist jedoch alternativ auch möglich, eine entsprechende Lage 14 aus Metallwolle oder dergleichen an den Konfektionsteilen 3a, 3b, 3c und 3d vorab anzubringen, beispielsweise durch Steppen oder Kleben, oder auch lediglich durch Haftung infolge gegenseitiger Faserverkrallung. Hierdurch wird das Verformungsverhalten der stark verformenden, dem Einbauteil 2 benachbarten Seiten der Konfektionsteile 3a, 3b, 3c und 3d in gewissem Umfange verändert, was im Bedarfsfalle für eine gezielte lokale Verminderung der Verformbarkeit ausgenutzt werden kann.As is readily apparent from the above description, layers 14 of metal wool, in particular in the form of a tube, can be attached to the built-in part, for example pushed on or soldered on, before the filling 3 is applied. However, it is alternatively also possible to attach a corresponding layer 14 of metal wool or the like to the ready-made parts 3a, 3b, 3c and 3d in advance, for example by quilting or gluing, or simply by adhesion due to mutual fiber clawing. As a result, the deformation behavior of the strongly deforming sides of the assembly parts 3a, 3b, 3c and 3d, which are adjacent to the built-in part 2, is changed to a certain extent, which, if necessary, can be used for a targeted local reduction in the deformability.

Kunstharz-Bindemittel, wie es üblicherweise für die Härtung von Mineralfaser-Formteilen oder -platten verwendet wird, hat sich als im Hinblick auf das Verformungsverhalten und die Handhabung besonders vorteilhaft erwiesen. Da jedoch eine Aushärtung des Bindemittels von jedenfalls geringer Bedeutung ist, kann zur Herbeiführung der gewünschten Konsistenz und des gewünschten Verhaltens der Konfektionsteile auch ein anderes Imprägnierungsmittel verwendet werden, wie beispielsweise eine Wasser-öl-Emulsion oder dergleichen.Synthetic resin binder, as is usually used for the hardening of mineral fiber molded parts or sheets, has proven to be particularly advantageous with regard to the deformation behavior and handling. However, since curing of the binder is in any case of little importance, another impregnation agent can also be used to bring about the desired consistency and the desired behavior of the finished parts can be used, such as a water-oil emulsion or the like.

Claims (6)

  1. Muffler comprising an insert for conducting an exhaust flow which has perforated portions and a packing (3) of mineral wool paddings consisting of mineral wool felt whereto an impregnating agent has been applied, with said paddings being pre-fabricated in accordance with their respective positions inside said muffler, and said muffler housing (1) being separable into two shells (1a, 1b) along its meridional plane and permanently sealable at the plane of separation,
    characterized in that
    impregnated prefabricated elements (3a, 3b, 3c, 3d) which were not subjected to a heat treatment before closing said muffler housing (1) are utilized as paddings for said insert.
  2. Muffler according to claim 1, characterized in that said pre-fabricated elements (3a, 3b, 3c, 3d) are prefabricated to have a width which at least approximates the arc length of the inner wall of a respective shell (1a, 1b) between their lateral edges at the position of installation.
  3. Muffler according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that perforated portions of said insert (2) are covered with a metal fiber layer (14) before applying said pre-fabricated elements.
  4. Muffler according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that before installation, a layer (14) of metal fibers is fastened at that side of said pre-fabricated elements which faces said insert (2) when in their respective installed positions.
  5. Muffler according to claim 4, characterized in that mechanical means such as stitching or the like are employed or a bonding agent is used for fastening said layer (14) of mineral wool and metal fibers.
  6. Muffler according to any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that the impregnating agent is a water/oil emulsion.
EP89114390A 1988-08-05 1989-08-03 Exhaust gas noise muffler Expired - Lifetime EP0353761B1 (en)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AT89114390T ATE96885T1 (en) 1988-08-05 1989-08-03 EXHAUST SILENCER.

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE3826707A DE3826707A1 (en) 1988-08-05 1988-08-05 METHOD FOR PRODUCING AN EXHAUST MUFFLER
DE3826707 1988-08-05

Publications (2)

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EP0353761A1 EP0353761A1 (en) 1990-02-07
EP0353761B1 true EP0353761B1 (en) 1993-11-03

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EP89114390A Expired - Lifetime EP0353761B1 (en) 1988-08-05 1989-08-03 Exhaust gas noise muffler

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US (1) US5036585A (en)
EP (1) EP0353761B1 (en)
JP (1) JPH02191809A (en)
KR (1) KR900003514A (en)
AT (1) ATE96885T1 (en)
AU (1) AU622205B2 (en)
BR (1) BR8903947A (en)
DE (2) DE3826707A1 (en)
DK (1) DK383389A (en)
ES (1) ES2045297T3 (en)
ZA (1) ZA895961B (en)

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Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
AU622205B2 (en) 1992-04-02
AU3928889A (en) 1990-02-08
BR8903947A (en) 1990-03-20
DE3826707A1 (en) 1990-02-08
US5036585A (en) 1991-08-06
KR900003514A (en) 1990-03-26
ZA895961B (en) 1990-04-25
JPH02191809A (en) 1990-07-27
DE58906088D1 (en) 1993-12-09
DK383389A (en) 1990-02-06
ES2045297T3 (en) 1994-01-16
EP0353761A1 (en) 1990-02-07
ATE96885T1 (en) 1993-11-15
DK383389D0 (en) 1989-08-04

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