EP0352619B1 - Process for regulating the firing power in combustion plants - Google Patents

Process for regulating the firing power in combustion plants Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0352619B1
EP0352619B1 EP89113258A EP89113258A EP0352619B1 EP 0352619 B1 EP0352619 B1 EP 0352619B1 EP 89113258 A EP89113258 A EP 89113258A EP 89113258 A EP89113258 A EP 89113258A EP 0352619 B1 EP0352619 B1 EP 0352619B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
regulating
measured
mass flow
setpoint
moist
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EP89113258A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP0352619A3 (en
EP0352619A2 (en
Inventor
Johannes Josef Edmund Martin
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Martin GmbH fuer Umwelt und Energietechnik
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Martin GmbH fuer Umwelt und Energietechnik
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23N—REGULATING OR CONTROLLING COMBUSTION
    • F23N1/00—Regulating fuel supply
    • F23N1/02—Regulating fuel supply conjointly with air supply
    • F23N1/022—Regulating fuel supply conjointly with air supply using electronic means
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F22—STEAM GENERATION
    • F22B—METHODS OF STEAM GENERATION; STEAM BOILERS
    • F22B35/00—Control systems for steam boilers
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
    • F23G5/00—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor
    • F23G5/50—Control or safety arrangements
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23N—REGULATING OR CONTROLLING COMBUSTION
    • F23N1/00—Regulating fuel supply
    • F23N1/08—Regulating fuel supply conjointly with another medium, e.g. boiler water
    • F23N1/10—Regulating fuel supply conjointly with another medium, e.g. boiler water and with air supply or draught
    • F23N1/102—Regulating fuel supply conjointly with another medium, e.g. boiler water and with air supply or draught using electronic means
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23N—REGULATING OR CONTROLLING COMBUSTION
    • F23N5/00—Systems for controlling combustion
    • F23N5/003—Systems for controlling combustion using detectors sensitive to combustion gas properties
    • F23N5/006—Systems for controlling combustion using detectors sensitive to combustion gas properties the detector being sensitive to oxygen
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
    • F23G2900/00—Special features of, or arrangements for incinerators
    • F23G2900/55—Controlling; Monitoring or measuring
    • F23G2900/55008—Measuring produced steam flow rate
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23N—REGULATING OR CONTROLLING COMBUSTION
    • F23N1/00—Regulating fuel supply
    • F23N1/02—Regulating fuel supply conjointly with air supply
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23N—REGULATING OR CONTROLLING COMBUSTION
    • F23N2225/00—Measuring
    • F23N2225/04—Measuring pressure
    • F23N2225/06—Measuring pressure for determining flow
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23N—REGULATING OR CONTROLLING COMBUSTION
    • F23N2225/00—Measuring
    • F23N2225/08—Measuring temperature
    • F23N2225/10—Measuring temperature stack temperature
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23N—REGULATING OR CONTROLLING COMBUSTION
    • F23N2233/00—Ventilators
    • F23N2233/06—Ventilators at the air intake
    • F23N2233/08—Ventilators at the air intake with variable speed
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23N—REGULATING OR CONTROLLING COMBUSTION
    • F23N2235/00—Valves, nozzles or pumps
    • F23N2235/02—Air or combustion gas valves or dampers
    • F23N2235/06—Air or combustion gas valves or dampers at the air intake
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23N—REGULATING OR CONTROLLING COMBUSTION
    • F23N2241/00—Applications
    • F23N2241/18—Incinerating apparatus
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23N—REGULATING OR CONTROLLING COMBUSTION
    • F23N5/00—Systems for controlling combustion
    • F23N5/02—Systems for controlling combustion using devices responsive to thermal changes or to thermal expansion of a medium

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a method for regulating the fire output in incineration plants, in particular waste incineration plants, in which the O 2 moisture content measured in the flue gas as a higher-level setpoint control variable for controlling the fuel supply and optionally the measured steam mass flow or the combustion chamber temperature determined in the combustion gas is used as a subordinate setpoint control variable for controlling the primary air supply.
  • a disadvantage of this method is the fact that the 0 2 -dry content does not give a definite statement about the 0 2 -dry content and thus about the true excess of air.
  • the measurement of the 0 2 dry content of the combustion gas is too sluggish and too uncertain under the existing operating conditions.
  • the combustion chamber temperature is kept constant as a superordinate setpoint with the 0 2 moisture content constant, there is a change in the steam mass flow in the event of fluctuations in the moisture content of the flue gases, which can lead to a deterioration in the thermal utilization of the overall system.
  • the material size ie the 0 2 moisture content, dominates over the thermal values, namely the steam mass flow and the combustion chamber temperature.
  • the object of the invention is to optimize both the emission values and the fire performance based on the two variants of the known methods mentioned at the outset.
  • This task can be accomplished in two ways.
  • the solution to the problem is based on a method in which the 0 2- moisture content measured in the flue gas is used as the superordinate setpoint control variable for controlling the fuel supply and the measured steam mass flow as subordinate setpoint control variable for controlling the primary air supply that the specified 0 2-humid setpoint is changed depending on the combustion chamber temperature measured in the flue gas.
  • two temperature points are defined as limit values, the 0 2 moist setpoint being increased when the upper temperature value is exceeded, while when the temperature falls below the lower limit, the 0 2-humid setpoint is lowered.
  • the "apparent" excess air is increased, while in the second case, the "apparent” excess air is reduced.
  • the combustion chamber temperature is within the selected limit values, there is no influence on the 0 2-humid setpoint.
  • An even better control accuracy is achieved according to a preferred embodiment of the method in that when the 0 2-moist setpoint changes, the rate of change of the measured temperature or. Steam mass flow value is taken into account.
  • the differential of the temperature change or the steam mass flow change over time is taken into account, so that a change in the 0 2 moist setpoint value can be carried out before the limit values are reached, as a result of which the combustion system operates even more evenly because the regulation is more sensitive.
  • the 0 2- moisture content measured in the flue gas 2 is used as the higher-level control variable 7 for controlling the fire output of a combustion system 1 consisting of the furnace and the boiler, which is fed to a controller 3 which, when this control variable deviates from a specific range of guide values, onto the feed device acts on the firing with fuel and / or acts on the grate drive.
  • the steam mass flow ⁇ D emerging from the boiler is measured and this control variable 10 is fed to a further controller 5 which, when the measured value deviates from a predetermined guide value range of the steam mass flow, to the devices provided for setting the amount of combustion air, such as, for. B. acts fan drive and control flaps in the air distribution system.
  • both the combustion chamber temperature as controlled variable 6 and the 0 2 moist content, which is designated as measured value 7, are determined in the flue gas 2 emerging from the combustion system 1. Both values 6 and 7 are fed to a controller 8. Based on a mode of operation that is to be regarded as particularly favorable or optimal, the measured 0 2 moisture content is regarded as the setpoint. If there is a change in the combustion chamber temperature, this change must be above a predefined tolerance limit, the 0 2-moist setpoint is changed by the controller 8.
  • controller 3 which changes the fuel supply by acting on the feed device and / or changes the grate speed by acting on the grate drive. In contrast to the known method shown in FIG. 1, the controller 3 is therefore not acted upon with the measured 0 2-humid value, but with a 0 2-humid setpoint corrected as a function of the combustion chamber temperature.
  • the measured steam mass flow ⁇ D is fed as control variable 10 to the controller 5, which, as in the known method, monitors the combustion air supply.
  • the measured 0 2 -measured measured value is also used as the setpoint, starting from an operating state which is considered to be optimal.
  • This measured value is also recorded in the flue gas 2, which leaves the combustion system 1 consisting of the furnace and the boiler.
  • This measured value 6 is fed to the controller 8.
  • the controller 8 receives the steam mass flow ⁇ D measured at 4 as the control variable 10.
  • the controller 8 now changes the control variable 6 when the steam mass flow leaves a predetermined range of guide values, namely when the upper steam mass flow limit value is exceeded the 0 2-humid setpoint is increased and when the lower steam mass flow limit value is undershot the 0 2-humid setpoint lowered and fed as a corrected controlled variable 11 to the controller 3, which makes a change in the fuel supply and / or the combustion grate speed with a corresponding deviation of the 0 2-humid setpoint.
  • the combustion chamber temperature measured in the flue gas is fed as a subordinate control variable 12 to the controller 5, which monitors the amount of combustion air supplied.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Incineration Of Waste (AREA)

Description

Die Erfindung bezieht sich auf ein Verfahren zur Regelung der Feuerleistung bei Verbrennungsanlagen, insbesondere Abfallverbrennungsanlagen, bei dem der im Rauchgas gemessene O2-feucht-Gehalt als übergeordnete Sollwert-Regelgröße für die Regelung der Brennstoffzufuhr und wahlweise der gemessene Dampfmassenstrom oder die im Verbrennungsgas festgestellte Feuerraumtemperatur als untergeordnete Sollwert-Regelgröße für die Regelung der Primärluftzufuhr verwendet wird.The invention relates to a method for regulating the fire output in incineration plants, in particular waste incineration plants, in which the O 2 moisture content measured in the flue gas as a higher-level setpoint control variable for controlling the fuel supply and optionally the measured steam mass flow or the combustion chamber temperature determined in the combustion gas is used as a subordinate setpoint control variable for controlling the primary air supply.

Bei einem bekannten Verfahren dieser Art (Sonderausgabe von FORSCHUNG AKTUELL, Nr. 16-17/Jahrgang 4, November 1987, TU Berlin) ermöglicht die Verbindung von thermischen Meßwerten, z.B. Feuerraumtemperatur und Dampfmassenstrom, und stofflichen Meßwerten, z.B. O₂-feucht-Gehalt, das Konstanthalten der Feuerleistung einerseits, d.h. das Konstanthalten des Dampfmassenstromes und das Minimieren von Schadstoffemissionen andererseits, d.h. die Herabsetzung der im Rauchgas enthaltenen Schadstoffe wie Kohlenmonoxyd, Staub, Kohlenwasserstoffe und Stickoxide. Durch die Verwendung des O2-feucht-Gehaltes als übergeordnete Regelgröße innerhalb eines solchen Regelkonzeptes ergibt sich eine schnell ansprechende Regelung.In a known method of this type (special edition of RESEARCH, no. 16-17 / Volume 4, November 1987 TU Berlin) the compound of thermal measurements, such as furnace temperature and steam mass flow allows, and material measured values, for example O₂- moist content, keeping the fire output constant on the one hand, ie keeping the steam mass flow constant and minimizing pollutant emissions on the other hand, ie reducing the pollutants contained in the flue gas such as carbon monoxide, dust, hydrocarbons and nitrogen oxides. The use of the O 2 moisture content as a higher-level control variable within such a control concept results in a quickly responsive control.

Nachteilig bei diesem Verfahren ist die Tatsache, daß der 02-feucht-Gehalt keine definierte Aussage über den 02-trocken-Gehalt und somit über den wahren Luftüberschuß ergibt. Die Messung des 02-trocken-Gehaltes des Verbrennungsgases ist jedoch zu träge und bei den vorhandenen Betriebsverhältnissen zu unsicher.A disadvantage of this method is the fact that the 0 2 -dry content does not give a definite statement about the 0 2 -dry content and thus about the true excess of air. However, the measurement of the 0 2 dry content of the combustion gas is too sluggish and too uncertain under the existing operating conditions.

Bei Konstanthalten des 02-feucht-Gehaltes als übergeordneten Sollwert und Konstanthalten des Dampfmassenstromes ergibt sich bei Schwankungen im Feuchtigkeitsgehalt der Rauchgase eine Verschiebung der Feuerraumtemperatur. Diese Schwankungen im Feuchtigkeitsgehalt der Rauchgase können aufgrund der sich stark ändernden Brennstoffzusammensetzung bei Abfallverbrennungsanlagen jedoch nicht vermieden werden. Dies kann zu einer Verschlechterung der Emissionswerte bei der eingestellten und gewünschten Leistung führen.If the 0 2- moisture content is kept constant as the higher-level setpoint and the steam mass flow is kept constant, there is a shift in the combustion chamber temperature in the event of fluctuations in the moisture content of the flue gases. However, these fluctuations in the moisture content of the flue gases cannot be avoided due to the rapidly changing fuel composition in waste incineration plants. This can lead to a deterioration in the emission values for the set and desired performance.

Wird dagegen die Feuerraumtemperatur bei konstant gehaltenem 02-feucht-Gehalt als übergeordnete Sollgröße konstant gehalten, so ergibt sich bei Schwankungen im Feuchtigkeitsgehalt der Rauchgase eine Veränderung des Dampfmassenstromes, was zu einer Verschlechterung der thermischen Ausnutzung der Gesamtanlage führen kann.If, on the other hand, the combustion chamber temperature is kept constant as a superordinate setpoint with the 0 2 moisture content constant, there is a change in the steam mass flow in the event of fluctuations in the moisture content of the flue gases, which can lead to a deterioration in the thermal utilization of the overall system.

Wegen der Bedeutung niedriger Emissionswerte für die Umwelt dominiert die stoffliche Größe, d. h. der 02-feucht-Gehalt über die thermischen Größen, nämlich den Dampfmassenstrom und die Feuerraumtemperatur.Because of the importance of low emission values for the environment, the material size, ie the 0 2 moisture content, dominates over the thermal values, namely the steam mass flow and the combustion chamber temperature.

Aufgabe der Erfindung ist es, ausgehend von den beiden eingangs erwähnten Varianten der bekannten Verfahren sowohl die Emissionswerte als auch die Feuerleistung zu optimieren.The object of the invention is to optimize both the emission values and the fire performance based on the two variants of the known methods mentioned at the outset.

Diese Aufgabe kann auf zweierlei Weise gelöst werden.This task can be accomplished in two ways.

Ausgehend von einem Verfahren, bei dem der im Rauchgas gemessene 02-feucht-Gehalt als übergeordnete Sollwert-Regelgröße für die Regelung der Brennstoffzufuhr und der gemessene Dampfmassenstrom als untergeordnete Sollwert-Regelgröße für die Regelung der Primärluftzufuhr verwendet wird, besteht die Lösung der Aufgabe darin, daß der vorgegebene 02-feucht-Sollwert in Abhängigkeit von der im Rauchgas gemessenen Feuerraumtemperatur verändert wird.The solution to the problem is based on a method in which the 0 2- moisture content measured in the flue gas is used as the superordinate setpoint control variable for controlling the fuel supply and the measured steam mass flow as subordinate setpoint control variable for controlling the primary air supply that the specified 0 2-humid setpoint is changed depending on the combustion chamber temperature measured in the flue gas.

Geht man dagegen von einem Verfahren aus, bei dem der im Rauchgas gemessene 02-feucht-Gehalt als übergeordnete Sollwert-Regelgröße für die Regelung der Brennstoffzufuhr und die im Rauchgas gemessene Feuerraumtemperatur als untergeordnete Sollwert-Regelgröße für die Regelung der Primärluftzufuhr verwendet wird, so besteht die Lösung der Aufgabe darin, daß der vorgegebene 02-feucht--Sollwert in Abhängigkeit von dem gemessenen Dampfmassenstrom verändert wird.If, on the other hand, one proceeds from a process in which the 0 2 moisture content measured in the flue gas is used as the higher-level setpoint control variable for controlling the fuel supply and the combustion chamber temperature measured in the flue gas is used as the lower-level setpoint control variable for controlling the primary air supply The solution to the problem is that the predetermined 0 2-humid setpoint is changed as a function of the measured steam mass flow.

Bei der Durchführung der ersten Variante des Verfahrens werden zwei Temperaturpunkte als Grenzwerte festgelegt, wobei bei Überschreiten des oberen Temperaturwertes der 02-feucht-Sollwert erhöht wird, während bei Unterschreiten des unteren Temperatur-Grenzwertes der 02-feucht-Sollwert abgesenkt wird. Im ersten Falle wird also der "scheinbare" Luftüberschuß erhöht, während im zweiten Falle der "scheinbare" Luftüberschuß abgesenkt wird. Solange sich die Feuerraumtemperatur jedoch innerhalb der gewählten Grenzwerte befindet, erfolgt keine Beeinflussung des 02-feucht-Sollwertes.When the first variant of the method is carried out, two temperature points are defined as limit values, the 0 2 moist setpoint being increased when the upper temperature value is exceeded, while when the temperature falls below the lower limit, the 0 2-humid setpoint is lowered. In the first case, the "apparent" excess air is increased, while in the second case, the "apparent" excess air is reduced. As long as the combustion chamber temperature is within the selected limit values, there is no influence on the 0 2-humid setpoint.

In ähnlicher Weise wird bei der zweiten Variante verfahren, wobei an Stelle von zwei Temperatur-Grenzwerten zwei Dampfmassenstrom-Grenzwerte gewählt werden, bei deren Überschreitung bzw. Unterschreitung der 02-feucht-Sollwert erhöht bzw. abgesenkt wird. Wegen der besonderen Bedeutung der Emissionswerte für die Umwelt wird auch bei dem erfindungsgemäßen Verfahren den stofflichen Werten, d. h. dem 02-feucht-Sollwert die Priorität zugemessen.A similar procedure is used for the second variant, with two steam mass flow limit values being selected instead of two temperature limit values, the 0 2 -mist setpoint being increased or decreased when they are exceeded or undershot. Because of the particular importance of the emission values for the environment, priority is also given to the material values, that is to say the 0 2 moist setpoint, in the method according to the invention.

Eine noch bessere Regelgenauigkeit wird nach einer bevorzugten Ausgestaltung des Verfahrens dadurch erzielt, daß bei Veränderung des 02-feucht-Sollwertes die Änderungsgeschwindigkeit des gemessenen Temperatur-bzw. Dampfmassenstrom-Wertes berücksichtigt wird. Bei dieser Ausgestaltung wird also das Differenzial der Temperaturänderung bzw. der Dampfmassenstromänderung über der Zeit berücksichtigt, so daß bereits vor Erreichen der Grenzwerte eine Änderung des 02-feucht-Sollwertes durchgeführt werden kann, wodurch der Betrieb der Verbrennungsanlage noch gleichmäßiger erfolgt, weil die Regelung feinfühliger ist.An even better control accuracy is achieved according to a preferred embodiment of the method in that when the 0 2-moist setpoint changes, the rate of change of the measured temperature or. Steam mass flow value is taken into account. In this embodiment, the differential of the temperature change or the steam mass flow change over time is taken into account, so that a change in the 0 2 moist setpoint value can be carried out before the limit values are reached, as a result of which the combustion system operates even more evenly because the regulation is more sensitive.

Die Erfindung wird nachstehend anhand von in der Zeichnung beispielsweise dargestellter Schemata erläutert.The invention is explained below with reference to the diagrams shown in the drawing.

In dieser zeigen:

Fig. 1
ein Regelschema bekannter Art;
Fig. 2
eine erste Regelvariante nach der Erfindung; und
Fig. 3
eine zweite Regelvariante nach der Erfindung
In this show:
Fig. 1
a control scheme of a known type;
Fig. 2
a first control variant according to the invention; and
Fig. 3
a second control variant according to the invention

Fig. 1 erläutert das eingangs beschriebene bekannte Verfahren. Danach wird zur Regelung der Feuerleistung einer aus Feuerung und Kessel bestehenden Verbrennungsanlage 1 der im Rauchgas 2 gemessene 02-feucht-Gehalt als übergeordnete Regelgröße 7 verwendet, die einem Regler 3 zugeführt wird, welcher bei Abweichen dieser Regelgröße von einer bestimmten Richtwertbandbreite auf die Aufgabevorrichtung zur Beschickung der Feuerung mit Brennstoff und/oder auf den Schürrostantrieb einwirkt.1 explains the known method described at the outset. Thereafter, the 0 2- moisture content measured in the flue gas 2 is used as the higher-level control variable 7 for controlling the fire output of a combustion system 1 consisting of the furnace and the boiler, which is fed to a controller 3 which, when this control variable deviates from a specific range of guide values, onto the feed device acts on the firing with fuel and / or acts on the grate drive.

Gleichzeitig wird bei 4 der aus dem Kessel austretende Dampfmassenstrom ṁD gemessen und diese Regel größe 10 einem weiteren Regler 5 zugeführt, der bei Abweichung des gemessenen Wertes von einer vorgegebenen Richtwertbandbreite des Dampfmassenstromes auf die zur Einstellung der Verbrennungsluftmenge vorgesehenen Einrichtungen wie z. B. Ventilatorantrieb und Steuerklappen im Luftverteilungssystem einwirkt.At the same time, the steam mass flow ṁ D emerging from the boiler is measured and this control variable 10 is fed to a further controller 5 which, when the measured value deviates from a predetermined guide value range of the steam mass flow, to the devices provided for setting the amount of combustion air, such as, for. B. acts fan drive and control flaps in the air distribution system.

Die Nachteile dieses Regelverfahrens sind eingangs erläutert worden.The disadvantages of this control method have been explained at the beginning.

Bei einer ersten Variante des Regelverfahrens nach der Erfindung, die in Fig. 2 dargestellt ist, wird in dem aus der Feuerungsanlage 1 austretenden Rauchgas 2 sowohl die Feuerraumtemperatur als Regelgröße 6 als auch der 02-feucht-Gehalt, der als Meßwert 7 bezeichnet ist, festgestellt. Beide Werte 6 und 7 werden einem Regler 8 zugeführt. Ausgehend von einer als besonders günstig bzw. optimal anzusehenden Betriebsweise wird der gemessene 02-feucht-Gehalt als Sollwert angesehen. Tritt nun eine Veränderung der Feuerraumtemperatur ein, wobei diese Änderung über einer vorgegebenen Toleranzgrenze liegen muß, so wird durch den Regler 8 der 02-feucht-Sollwert verändert. Dabei wird bei Überschreiten der oberen Toleranzgrenze des Temperaturwertes der 02-feucht-Sollwert erhöht, während bei Unterschreiten der unteren Temperaturtoleranzgrenze der 02-feucht-Sollwert abgesenkt wird. Dieser abgeänderte 02-feucht-Sollwert wird dann als Regelgröße 9 dem Regler 3 zugeleitet, der eine Veränderung der Brennstoffzufuhr durch Einwirkung auf die Aufgabevorrichtung und/oder eine Veränderung der Rostgeschwindigkeit durch Einwirkung auf den Schürrostantrieb vornimmt. Im Gegensatz zu dem in Fig. 1 dargestellten bekannten Verfahren wird also der Regler 3 nicht mit dem gemessenen 02-feucht-Wert, sondern mit einem in Abhängigkeit von der Feuerraumtemperatur korrigierten 02-feucht-Sollwert beaufschlagt.In a first variant of the control procedure according to According to the invention, which is shown in FIG. 2, both the combustion chamber temperature as controlled variable 6 and the 0 2 moist content, which is designated as measured value 7, are determined in the flue gas 2 emerging from the combustion system 1. Both values 6 and 7 are fed to a controller 8. Based on a mode of operation that is to be regarded as particularly favorable or optimal, the measured 0 2 moisture content is regarded as the setpoint. If there is a change in the combustion chamber temperature, this change must be above a predefined tolerance limit, the 0 2-moist setpoint is changed by the controller 8. If the upper tolerance limit of the temperature value is exceeded, the 0 2-humid setpoint is increased, while if the lower temperature tolerance limit is undershot, the 0 2-humid setpoint is lowered. This modified 0 2-moist setpoint is then fed as control variable 9 to controller 3, which changes the fuel supply by acting on the feed device and / or changes the grate speed by acting on the grate drive. In contrast to the known method shown in FIG. 1, the controller 3 is therefore not acted upon with the measured 0 2-humid value, but with a 0 2-humid setpoint corrected as a function of the combustion chamber temperature.

Gleichzeitig wird bei 4, wie dies auch in dem in Fig. 1 erläuterten Verfahren der Fall ist, der gemessene Dampfmassenstrom ṁD als Regelgröße 10 dem Regler 5 zugeführt, der, wie bei dem bekannten Verfahren die Verbrennungsluftzufuhr überwacht.At the same time, at 4, as is also the case in the method explained in FIG. 1, the measured steam mass flow ṁ D is fed as control variable 10 to the controller 5, which, as in the known method, monitors the combustion air supply.

Bei der zweiten Variante des Regelverfahrens nach der Erfindung, die in Fig. 3 erläutert ist, wird ebenfalls ausgehend von einem als optimal angesehenen Betriebszustand der gemessene 02-feucht-Meßwert als Sollwert herangezogen. Dieser Meßwert wird ebenfalls im Rauchgas 2 erfaßt, welches die aus Feuerung und Kessel bestehende Verbrennungsanlage 1 verläßt. Dieser Meßwert 6 wird dem Regler 8 zugeführt. Gleichzeitig erhält der Regler 8 den bei 4 gemessenen Dampfmassenstrom ṁD als Regelgröße 10 zugeführt. Der Regler 8 verändert nun die Regelgröße 6, wenn der Dampfmassenstrom eine vorgegebene Richtwertbandbreite verläßt, und zwar wird bei Überschreitung des oberen Dampfmassenstrom-Grenzwertes der 02-feucht-Sollwert erhöht und bei Unterschreitung des unteren Dampfmassenstrom-Grenzwertes der 02-feucht-Sollwert abgesenkt und als korrigierte Regelgröße 11 dem Regler 3 zugeführt, der bei entsprechender Abweichung des 02-feucht-Sollwertes eine Veränderung der Brennstoffzufuhr und/oder der Verbrennungsrostgeschwindigkeit vornimmt. Die im Rauchgas gemessene Feuerraumtemperatur wird als untergeordnete Regelgröße 12 dem Regler 5 zugeführt, der die Menge der zugeführten Verbrennungsluft überwacht.In the second variant of the control method according to the invention, which is explained in FIG. 3, the measured 0 2 -measured measured value is also used as the setpoint, starting from an operating state which is considered to be optimal. This measured value is also recorded in the flue gas 2, which leaves the combustion system 1 consisting of the furnace and the boiler. This measured value 6 is fed to the controller 8. At the same time, the controller 8 receives the steam mass flow ṁ D measured at 4 as the control variable 10. The controller 8 now changes the control variable 6 when the steam mass flow leaves a predetermined range of guide values, namely when the upper steam mass flow limit value is exceeded the 0 2-humid setpoint is increased and when the lower steam mass flow limit value is undershot the 0 2-humid setpoint lowered and fed as a corrected controlled variable 11 to the controller 3, which makes a change in the fuel supply and / or the combustion grate speed with a corresponding deviation of the 0 2-humid setpoint. The combustion chamber temperature measured in the flue gas is fed as a subordinate control variable 12 to the controller 5, which monitors the amount of combustion air supplied.

Claims (3)

  1. Process for regulating the fire power of combustion installations, in particular refuse incineration installations, in which the O2-moist content measured in the smoke gas is used as the upper setpoint value regulating variable for regulating the supply of fuel and the measured mass flow of steam is used as the lower setpoint value regulating variable for regulating the supply of primary air, characterized in that the predetermined setpoint value of O2-moist is altered in dependence on the furnace space temperature ascertained in the combustion gas.
  2. Process for regulating the fire power of combustion installations, in particular refuse incineration installations, in which the O2-moist content measured in the smoke gas is used as the upper setpoint value regulating variable for regulating the supply of fuel and the furnace space temperature ascertained in the smoke gas is used as the lower setpoint value regulating variable for regulating the supply of primary air, characterized in that the predetermined setpoint value of O2-moist is altered in dependence on the measured mass flow of steam.
  3. Process according to Claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the rate of change of the measured value of temperature or mass flow of steam is taken into account when altering the setpoint value of O2-moist.
EP89113258A 1988-07-29 1989-07-19 Process for regulating the firing power in combustion plants Expired - Lifetime EP0352619B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE3825933A DE3825933A1 (en) 1988-07-29 1988-07-29 METHOD FOR CONTROLLING THE FIRE PERFORMANCE IN COMBUSTION PLANTS
DE3825933 1988-07-29

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EP0352619A2 EP0352619A2 (en) 1990-01-31
EP0352619A3 EP0352619A3 (en) 1991-08-07
EP0352619B1 true EP0352619B1 (en) 1994-11-02

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FR2667134B1 (en) * 1990-09-24 1995-07-21 Pavese Guy METHOD FOR IMPROVING COMBUSTION FOR A BLOW AIR BURNER AND MEANS FOR CARRYING OUT IT.
JP2673627B2 (en) * 1991-02-22 1997-11-05 フォン ロール ウムヴェルトテクニック アクチエンゲゼルシャフト Operation method of waste incineration plant and its control system
US5176086A (en) * 1992-03-16 1993-01-05 Praxair Technology, Inc. Method for operating an incinerator with simultaneous control of temperature and products of incomplete combustion
DE4428159C2 (en) * 1994-08-09 1998-04-09 Martin Umwelt & Energietech Process for controlling the combustion in incineration plants, in particular waste incineration plants
CH694823A5 (en) * 2000-12-08 2005-07-29 Von Roll Umwelttechnik Ag A method for operating an incinerator.
IT1402556B1 (en) * 2010-11-08 2013-09-13 Amsa S P A Societa Per Azioni Con Socio Unico LOADING AND COMBUSTION CONTROL SYSTEM, FOR WASTE COMBUSTION SYSTEMS.
US9655358B2 (en) * 2014-05-22 2017-05-23 Seoul Metropolitan Goverment Apparatus for repelling birds

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DE3825933C2 (en) 1991-12-12
EP0352619A3 (en) 1991-08-07
US4981087A (en) 1991-01-01
JPH0278816A (en) 1990-03-19
EP0352619A2 (en) 1990-01-31
JP3145998B2 (en) 2001-03-12
DE3825933A1 (en) 1990-02-01

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