EP0350454B1 - Process for making a tension member adapted to be anchored in the ground - Google Patents
Process for making a tension member adapted to be anchored in the ground Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP0350454B1 EP0350454B1 EP89810506A EP89810506A EP0350454B1 EP 0350454 B1 EP0350454 B1 EP 0350454B1 EP 89810506 A EP89810506 A EP 89810506A EP 89810506 A EP89810506 A EP 89810506A EP 0350454 B1 EP0350454 B1 EP 0350454B1
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- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- tension member
- point
- central
- tension
- rear end
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- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
- E02D—FOUNDATIONS; EXCAVATIONS; EMBANKMENTS; UNDERGROUND OR UNDERWATER STRUCTURES
- E02D5/00—Bulkheads, piles, or other structural elements specially adapted to foundation engineering
- E02D5/74—Means for anchoring structural elements or bulkheads
- E02D5/80—Ground anchors
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
- E02D—FOUNDATIONS; EXCAVATIONS; EMBANKMENTS; UNDERGROUND OR UNDERWATER STRUCTURES
- E02D5/00—Bulkheads, piles, or other structural elements specially adapted to foundation engineering
- E02D5/74—Means for anchoring structural elements or bulkheads
- E02D5/76—Anchorings for bulkheads or sections thereof in as much as specially adapted therefor
- E02D5/765—Anchorings for bulkheads or sections thereof in as much as specially adapted therefor removable
Definitions
- the invention relates to a method according to the preamble of patent claim 1 and a traction element according to the preamble of patent claim 3.
- excavation pits are often enclosed by slotted or sheet piling and anchored to the rear using tension anchors with tension elements.
- the traction elements are temporarily anchored to the ground anchors.
- the traction elements can also be used in the buildings themselves, e.g. when supporting a bridge. There forces can act on the supports during the construction of the bridge, which requires a temporary reinforcement of them by tension members.
- the traction elements are removed from the ground or the building and can be used again if necessary.
- the principle of a predetermined breaking point on the tension member is used.
- the predetermined breaking point reduces the cross-section of the tension member. This method is mostly limited to rod-shaped steel tension members with a single tension rod. The tension member is torn off in the predetermined breaking point by stretching beyond the tensile strength limit and largely removed from the ground or the structure.
- DE-PS 26 27 524 describes a grout anchor with a tension member surrounded by a cladding tube.
- the pulling element designed in the form of a steel wire strand slidably extends through the cladding tube.
- the traction element is guided with its end on the ground side through an anchor foot and held by means of a sleeve which is supported against the anchor foot.
- An adhesive is arranged as an intermediate layer between the sleeve and the tension member and the tension member is pressed through the sleeve.
- the clamping force of the sleeve is dimensioned such that the maximum resistance that is required to pull out the pulling element is somewhat greater than the load-bearing capacity that is exerted on the pulling element.
- the European patent application published under number 244 353 describes a tension member that can be anchored and expanded in the ground or in a building.
- This tension member consists of a central link and several outer links surrounding it.
- the central member is completely severed at one point and a support element is pressed around the traction element via this separation point. By moving the separation point within the support element, the working load to be exerted on the pulling element can be adapted to the requirements.
- This traction element with a central member severed within the support element is very suitable if no great demands have to be made on a certain elasticity of the traction element.
- the tension member according to the invention is defined by the characterizing features of claim 3.
- the tension member 1 consists of a steel wire strand. Of the outer links 3 arranged around a central link 2, one 3 'is completely severed at a first point 4. For this purpose, the stranded outer members 3 consisting of wires are partially opened and the outer member 3 ′ in question is completely sawn through.
- a tubular support element 5 is pushed over the rear end region 1a of the traction element 1, which is later to be anchored in the ground, until the separation point 4 is just in front of the support element 5 or only therefrom is just covered.
- the central member 2 is then also severed at a point 19 on the other side of the support element. In any case, this second separation point 19 lies outside the support element on the side of the support element 5 which faces the rear end of the traction element 1 which is to be anchored in the ground
- Tension member 1 is pressed firmly.
- An insert 11 is located between the inner surface of the tubular support element 5 and the tension element 1.
- the insert 11 is made of a material that is harder than the support element 5 and the tension element 1.
- the surface of the insert resting on the outer members 3 of the tension element 1 11 is provided with a toothing 13 for securely holding the tension member 1.
- the length L of the support element 5 corresponds approximately to four to six times the diameter of the tension element 1 and the distance L 1 of the separation point 4 relative to the end of the support element 5 facing away from the rear end of the tension element 1 is approximately one twentieth of the length in the exemplary embodiment according to FIG. 1 L of the support element 5.
- the separation point 4 can, however, be in a range of 1/2 L before to after the end of the support element 5 mentioned.
- a cement emulsion is later injected into the soil surrounding the traction element 1.
- a surrounding soil which is above and to the right of the support element 5 in relation to FIG. 1, a grout is formed by a grout, not shown.
- FIGS. 1 and 2 shows the pulling element 1 shown in FIGS. 1 and 2, most of which is held by the support element held in the pressing body, not shown 5 has been separated by exerting a load P on the free end of the tension member 1.
- the traction element 1 shown in FIG. 4 has a central steel rod 10 and six outer central rods 9, of which the steel rods 9 'are completely severed at the first points 4 and 6, respectively. So that the steel rods 9 and 10 are arranged and run parallel to one another, they are held together at regular intervals by clamping sleeves 7, of which only one is visible in FIG. 4. The rear part 1a of the tension member 1 is pressed together by the tubular support element 5 and held.
- the first separation points 4 and 6 are located in relation to FIG. 4 on the left side of the support element 5, ie at a distance of about a quarter of the length of the support element 5 in front of the same.
- the arrangement of the second separation point 20 corresponds to that in FIG. 1.
- FIG. 5 shows that section of the traction element 1 which is separated from the anchored part 1a by the action of a greater load than the working load, the four outer steel rods 9, only two of which are visible, being broken by the greater load. Similar to the example shown in FIG. 3, the section of the central steel rod 10 originally located in part 1a was pulled out of part 1a.
- FIGS. 1 and 2 show a further embodiment of the tension element 1 according to the invention, which, as in the example shown in FIGS. 1 and 2, is a steel wire strand with the central member 2 and the outer members 3.
- the support element 5 'surrounding the part 1a of the tension member 1 to be anchored has a bore 12 which widens towards the rear in relation to FIG. 6 and in which two wedges 14 and 15 have internal teeth 16 for holding part 1a of the tension member 1 are arranged.
- the separation point 4 of the outer member 3 ' is set back from its front end by about a seventh the length of the support element 5'.
- the active part of the pulling element shown in FIG. 6 is surrounded by a cladding tube 17 and the space between the pulling element 1 and the inside of the cladding tube 17 is to facilitate both the pretensioning and the expansion of the active part of the pulling element 1 with a lubricant 18 filled out.
- a cladding tube 17 can also be provided in the embodiments shown in FIGS. 1 and 4.
- the support elements 5 with the associated separation points 4 are arranged at one point of the active part of the tension member 1.
- Such embodiments have an extended passive part, ie part to be anchored. By applying load, all the non-severed outer members of such a tension member break in the area of the support element 5, so that the tension member can largely be removed from the ground.
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Structural Engineering (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Mining & Mineral Resources (AREA)
- Paleontology (AREA)
- Civil Engineering (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Piles And Underground Anchors (AREA)
- Tents Or Canopies (AREA)
- Tension Adjustment In Filamentary Materials (AREA)
- Devices For Conveying Motion By Means Of Endless Flexible Members (AREA)
- Harvesting Machines For Specific Crops (AREA)
- Control And Safety Of Cranes (AREA)
- Manufacture, Treatment Of Glass Fibers (AREA)
- Devices For Post-Treatments, Processing, Supply, Discharge, And Other Processes (AREA)
- Preparation Of Clay, And Manufacture Of Mixtures Containing Clay Or Cement (AREA)
- Auxiliary Devices For And Details Of Packaging Control (AREA)
- Manufacturing Of Tubular Articles Or Embedded Moulded Articles (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Die Erfindung betrifft ein Verfahren gemäss dem Oberbegriff des Patentanspruches 1 und ein Zugorgan gemäss dem Oberbegriff des Patentanspruches 3.The invention relates to a method according to the preamble of patent claim 1 and a traction element according to the preamble of
Für die Konstruktion von Bauwerken, die sich mehrere Stockwerke tief in den Boden erstrecken, werden häufig Baugruben durch Schlitz- oder Spundwände umschlossen und mittels Verpressanker mit Zugorganen rückseitig verankert. Die Zugorgane werden bei den Verpressankern im Erdreich temporär verankert. Die Zugorgane können aber auch in den Bauwerken selbst Verwendung finden, wie dies z.B. beim Stützen einer Brücke der Fall ist. Dort können während des Bauens der Brücke auf die Stützen Kräfte einwirken, die eine temporäre Verstärkung derselben durch Zugorgane erfordert.For the construction of structures that extend several floors deep into the ground, excavation pits are often enclosed by slotted or sheet piling and anchored to the rear using tension anchors with tension elements. The traction elements are temporarily anchored to the ground anchors. The traction elements can also be used in the buildings themselves, e.g. when supporting a bridge. There forces can act on the supports during the construction of the bridge, which requires a temporary reinforcement of them by tension members.
Nach dem Gebrauch werden die Zugorgane aus dem Erdreich oder dem Bauwerk entfernt und können gegebenenfalls wieder verwendet werden. Beim mechanischen Ausbau wird beispielsweise das Prinzip einer Soll-Bruchstelle auf dem Zugorgan angewandt. Durch die Soll-Bruchstelle wird eine Querschnittsverminderung des Zugorganes erreicht. Dieses Verfahren beschränkt sich meistens auf stabförmige Stahlzugorgane mit einem einzigen Zugstab. Das Zugorgan wird durch Ueberspannen über die Zugfestigkeitsgrenze hinaus in der Soll-Bruchstelle abgerissen und aus dem Erdreich bzw. dem Bauwerk grösstenteils entfernt.After use, the traction elements are removed from the ground or the building and can be used again if necessary. For mechanical expansion, for example, the principle of a predetermined breaking point on the tension member is used. The predetermined breaking point reduces the cross-section of the tension member. This method is mostly limited to rod-shaped steel tension members with a single tension rod. The tension member is torn off in the predetermined breaking point by stretching beyond the tensile strength limit and largely removed from the ground or the structure.
In der DE-PS 26 27 524 ist ein Verpressanker mit einem von einem Hüllrohr umgebenen Zugorgan beschrieben. Das in Form einer Stahldrahtlitze ausgebildete Zugorgan erstreckt sich gleitbar durch das Hüllrohr. Das Zugorgan ist mit seinem erdseitigen Ende durch einen Ankerfuss hindurchgeführt und mittels einer sich gegen den Ankerfuss abstützenden Hülse gehalten. Zwischen der Hülse und dem Zugorgan ist ein Haftmittel als Zwischenlage angeordnet und durch die Hülse wird das Zugorgan festgepresst. Die Spannkraft der Hülse ist so bemessen, dass die maximale Widerstandskraft, die zum Herausziehen des Zugorganes erforderlich ist, etwas grösser als die Tragkraft ist, die auf das Zugorgan ausgeübt wird. Der Nachteil dieses ausbaubaren Ankers ist, dass das Haftmittel so bemessen und beschaffen sein muss, dass auch wirklich die Belastbarkeit zwischen den Grenzen der Gebrauchslast und der Bruchfestigkeit liegt. Der Toleranzbereich ist aber bei der Herstellung sehr gering und jede Ungenauigkeit kann den Unsicherheitsfaktor der Belastbarkeit dieses bekannten Verpressankers vergrössern.DE-PS 26 27 524 describes a grout anchor with a tension member surrounded by a cladding tube. The pulling element designed in the form of a steel wire strand slidably extends through the cladding tube. The traction element is guided with its end on the ground side through an anchor foot and held by means of a sleeve which is supported against the anchor foot. An adhesive is arranged as an intermediate layer between the sleeve and the tension member and the tension member is pressed through the sleeve. The clamping force of the sleeve is dimensioned such that the maximum resistance that is required to pull out the pulling element is somewhat greater than the load-bearing capacity that is exerted on the pulling element. The disadvantage of this removable anchor is that the adhesive must be dimensioned and constructed in such a way that the load capacity really lies between the limits of the working load and the breaking strength. However, the tolerance range during manufacture is very small and any inaccuracy can increase the uncertainty factor of the resilience of this known grout anchor.
In der unter der Nummer 244 353 veröffentlichten europäischen Patentanmeldung ist ein im Erdreich oder in einem Bauwerk veranker- und ausbaubares Zugorgan beschrieben. Dieses Zugorgan besteht aus einem Zentralglied und mehreren dasselbe umgebende Aussenglieder. Bei diesem bekannten Zugorgan ist in jedem Fall das Zentralglied an einer Stelle vollständig durchgetrennt und über dieser Trennstelle ist ein Stützelement um das Zugorgan herum gepresst. Durch das Verschieben der Trennstelle innerhalb des Stützelementes kann die auf das Zugorgan auszuübende Gebrauchslast den Bedürfnissen angepasst werden. Dieses Zugorgan mit innerhalb des Stützelementes durchgetrenntem Zentralglied eignet sich sehr gut, wenn keine grossen Anforderungen an ein bestimmtes Dehnvermögen des Zugorganes gestellt werden müssen.The European patent application published under number 244 353 describes a tension member that can be anchored and expanded in the ground or in a building. This tension member consists of a central link and several outer links surrounding it. In this known traction element, the central member is completely severed at one point and a support element is pressed around the traction element via this separation point. By moving the separation point within the support element, the working load to be exerted on the pulling element can be adapted to the requirements. This traction element with a central member severed within the support element is very suitable if no great demands have to be made on a certain elasticity of the traction element.
Insbesondere bei im Erdreich zu verankernden Zugorganen wird jedoch ein genügendes Dehnvermögen vor dem Versagen des Zugorganes verlangt, damit nach dem Vorspannen eventuell in Folge Erddruck usw., Zusätzlich auf den Anker auftretende Kräfte durch grösstmögliche Dehnung (plastische Verformung des Zugorganes) aufgenommen werden können und somit frühzeitig durch eine sichtbare Bewegung oder Verschiebung des Ankerkopfes erkennbar sind.In particular with tensile elements to be anchored in the ground, sufficient elasticity is required before the tensile element fails, so that after prestressing, as a result of earth pressure etc., additional forces occurring on the anchor can be absorbed by the greatest possible stretch (plastic deformation of the tensile element) and thus can be recognized early by a visible movement or displacement of the anchor head.
Es ist Aufgabe der Erfindung, ein Verfahren zum Herstellen eines ausbaubaren Zugorganes vorzuschlagen, mit welchem das Zugorgan auf einfache Weise hergestellt werden kann und wobei das Zugorgan gegenüber dem in der genannten europäischen Patentanmeldung offenbarten ein beachtlich grösseres Dehnvermögen aufweist.It is an object of the invention to propose a method for producing an expandable tension member with which the tension member can be produced in a simple manner and the tension member has a considerably greater elasticity than that disclosed in the European patent application mentioned.
Das erfindungsgemässe Verfahren ist durch die im kennzeichnenden Teil des Patentanspruches 1 angeführten Merkmale gekennzeichnet.The method according to the invention is characterized by the features stated in the characterizing part of patent claim 1.
Das erfindungsgemässe Zugorgan ist durch die kennzeichnenden Merkmale des Patentanspruches 3 definiert.The tension member according to the invention is defined by the characterizing features of
Die Erfindung ist nachstehend mit Bezugnahme auf die Zeichnungen beispielsweise näher erläutert. Es zeigen
- Fig. 1 einen Teil eines aus einer Stahllitze bestehenden Zugorganes, von dessen Aussengliedern eines vollständig durchgetrennt wurde, im Schnitt, mit einem die Trennstelle knapp umfassenden Stützelement, wobei das Zentralglied auf der dem hinteren Ende des Zugorganes zugewandten Seite des Stützelementes durchtrennt ist,
- Fig. 2 einen Schnitt entlang der Linie II - II der Fig. 1,
- Fig. 3 eine Teilansicht im Schnitt des Zugorganes nach der Fig. 1, welches im Bereich der Trennstelle des Aussengliedes gebrochen ist,
- Fig. 4 einen Teil eines aus einem zentralen Stab und mehreren konzentrisch zu denselben und zueinander parallel verlaufenden Stahlstäben bestehenden Zugorganes, von dessen Aussengliedern zwei vollständig durchgetrennt sind, im Schnitt, mit einem hinter den Trennstellen um das Zugorgan herum gepressten Stützelement, wobei der zentrale Stab nach dem dem hinteren Ende des Zugorganes zugewandten Ende des Stützelementes durchtrennt ist,
- Fig. 5 eine Teilansicht des Zugorganes nach der Fig. 4 im Schnitt, welches im Bereich der beiden Trennstellen gebrochen ist, und
- Fig. 6 eine Teilansicht eines aus einer Stahldrahtlitze bestehenden Zugorganes im Schnitt, von dessen Aussengliedern eines vollständig durchgetrennt ist, mit einem um die Trennstelle herum angepressten Stützelement in Form einer Keilverankerung.
- 1 shows a part of a tension member consisting of a steel strand, the outer members of which have been completely severed, in section, with a support element which scarcely encompasses the separation point, the central member being severed on the side of the support member facing the rear end of the tension member,
- 2 shows a section along the line II - II of FIG. 1,
- 3 is a partial view in section of the traction element according to FIG. 1, which is broken in the area of the separation point of the outer member,
- Fig. 4 shows a part of a central rod and a plurality of tension members concentric to the same and parallel steel rods, of whose outer members two are completely separated, in section, with a support element pressed behind the separation points around the tension member, the central rod being directed towards the end of the tension member facing the rear end of the tension member Support element is severed,
- Fig. 5 is a partial view of the traction element according to FIG. 4 in section, which is broken in the region of the two separation points, and
- Fig. 6 is a partial view in section of a tension member consisting of a steel wire strand, the outer members of which are completely severed, with a support element pressed in around the separation point in the form of a wedge anchor.
Beim Herstellen eines im Erdreich zu verankernden und einer Last auszusetzenden Zugorganes 1, das in den Fig. 1 und 2 dargestellt und dazu bestimmt ist, nach seinem Gebrauch aus dem Erdreich bzw. dem Bauwerk grösstenteils entfernt zu werden, wird wie folgt vorgegangen:When producing a tension member 1 to be anchored in the ground and exposed to a load, which is shown in FIGS. 1 and 2 and is intended to be largely removed from the ground or the structure after its use, the procedure is as follows:
Das Zugorgan 1 besteht aus einer Stahldrahtlitze. Von den um ein Zentralglied 2 herum angeordneten Aussengliedern 3 wird eines 3' an einer ersten Stelle 4 vollständig durchgetrennt. Hierzu werden die verseilten, aus Drähten bestehenden Aussenglieder 3 teilweise geöffnet und das betreffende Aussenglied 3' vollständig durchgesägt.The tension member 1 consists of a steel wire strand. Of the
Nach dem Durchtrennen des Aussengliedes 3' wird ein rohrförmiges Stützelement 5 über den hinteren, später im Erdreich zu verankernden Endbereich 1a des Zugorganes 1 geschoben, bis die Trennstelle 4 knapp vor dem Stützelement 5 liegt oder von diesem lediglich knapp überdeckt wird. Hierauf wird das Zentralglied 2 auf der anderen Seite des Stützelementes bei einer Stelle 19 ebenfalls durchtrennt. Diese zweite Trennstelle 19 liegt in jedem Fall ausserhalb dem Stützelement auf der dem hinteren, im Erdreich zu verankernden Ende des Zugorganes 1 zugewandten Seite des Stützelementes 5. Alsdann wird das Stützelement 5 radial nach innen gerichteten Kräften ausgesetzt, wodurch das Stützelement 5 durch Querpressen an das Zugorgan 1 fest angepresst wird. Zwischen der Innenfläche des rohrförmigen Stützelementes 5 und dem Zugorgan 1 befindet sich ein Einsatz 11. Der Einsatz 11 ist aus einem Material hergestellt, das härter ist als das Stützelement 5 und das Zugorgan 1. Die an den Aussengliedern 3 des Zugorganes 1 anliegende Fläche des Einsatzes 11 ist zum sicheren Festhalten des Zugorganes 1 mit einer Verzahnung 13 versehen.After the outer member 3 'has been severed, a
Die Länge L des Stützelementes 5 entspricht etwa dem vier- bis sechsfachen Durchmesser des Zugorganes 1 und der Abstand L₁ der Trennstelle 4 gegenüber dem dem hinteren Ende des Zugorganes 1 abgewandten Ende des Stützelementes 5 beträgt im Ausführungsbeispiel gemäss der Fig. 1 etwa ein Zwanzigstel der Länge L des Stützelementes 5. Die Trennstelle 4 kann aber in einem Bereich von 1/2 L vor bis nach dem genannten Ende des Stützelementes 5 liegen.The length L of the
In das das Zugorgan 1 umgebende Erdreich wird später eine Zementemulsion injiziert. Dabei wird im den Teil 1 a umgebenden Erdreich, das sich in bezug auf die Fig. 1 über und rechts vom Stützelement 5 befindet, ein Verpressanker durch einen nicht dargestellten Verpresskörper gebildet.A cement emulsion is later injected into the soil surrounding the traction element 1. Here, in the
Die Fig. 3 zeigt das in den Fig. 1 und 2 dargestellte Zugorgan 1, von dem der grösste Teil von dem im nicht dargestellten Verpresskörper gehaltenen Stützelement 5 durch Ausüben einer Last P auf das freie Ende des Zugorganes 1 getrennt worden ist.3 shows the pulling element 1 shown in FIGS. 1 and 2, most of which is held by the support element held in the pressing body, not shown 5 has been separated by exerting a load P on the free end of the tension member 1.
Die Fig. 3 zeigt, dass die im Gebrauchszustand des Ankers nicht durchgetrennten Aussenglieder 3 in der Nachbarschaft der Trennstelle 4 des von Anfang an vollständig durchgetrennten Aussengliedes 3' gebrochen sind. Im Gegensatz dazu ist das sich ursprünglich im Teil 1a des Zugorganes 1 innerhalb des Verpresskörpers befindliche Teilstück des Zentralgliedes 2 nicht gebrochen, sondern wegen der zweiten Trennstelle 19 des letzteren lediglich aus dem Teil 1a herausgezogen worden.3 shows that the
Versuche haben gezeigt, dass die Dehnung des Zugorganes 1 gemäss der Fig. 1 bis zum Bruch etwa fünfmal grösser ist als die Dehnung des Zugorganes gemäss dem in der eingangs genannten europäischen Patentanmeldung beschriebenen Zugorgan, bei dem in jedem Fall wenigstens das Zentralglied innerhalb des Stützelementes vollständig durchgetrennt ist, wobei die Abmessungen des Zugorganes, d.h. dessen Länge und der Durchmesser des Zentralgliedes und der Aussenglieder gleich waren.Experiments have shown that the elongation of the tension member 1 according to FIG. 1 up to the break is about five times greater than the elongation of the tension member according to the tension member described in the European patent application mentioned at the beginning, in which in any case at least the central member within the support element is complete is severed, the dimensions of the tension member, ie whose length and the diameter of the central link and the outer links were the same.
Das in der Fig. 4 dargestellte Zugorgan 1 besitzt einen zentralen Stahlstab 10 und sechs äussere Zetralstäbe 9, von denen die Stahlstäbe 9' an den ersten Stellen 4 bzw. 6 vollständig durchgetrennt sind. Damit die Stahlstäbe 9 und 10 geordnet und parallel zueinander verlaufen, werden sie in regelmässigen Abständen von Klemmhülsen 7 zusammengehalten, von denen in der Fig. 4 nur eine sichtbar ist. Der hintere Teil 1a des Zugorganes 1 wird durch das rohrförmige Stützelement 5 zusammengepresst und festgehalten. Die ersten Trennstellen 4 und 6 befinden sich bezogen auf die Fig. 4, auf der linken Seite des Stützelementes 5, d.h. in einem Abstand von etwa einem Viertel der Länge des Stützelementes 5 vor demselben. Die Anordnung der zweiten Trennstelle 20 entspricht derjenigen in der Fig. 1.The traction element 1 shown in FIG. 4 has a
Die Fig. 5 zeigt das durch Einwirken einer grösseren Last als die Gebrauchslast vom verankerten Teil 1a abgetrennte Teilstück des Zugorganes 1, wobei die vier äusseren Stahlstäbe 9, von denen nur zwei sichtbar sind, durch die grössere Belastung gebrochen sind. Aehnlich wie in dem in der Fig. 3 dargestellten Beispiel wurde das sich ursprünglich im Teil 1a befindliche Teilstück des zentralen Stahlstabes 10 aus dem Teil 1a herausgezogen.5 shows that section of the traction element 1 which is separated from the anchored
Die Fig. 6 zeigt eine weitere Ausführungsform des erfindungsgemässen Zugorganes 1, das wie in dem in den Fig. 1 und 2 dargestellten Beispiel eine Stahldrahtlitze mit dem Zentralglied 2 und den Aussengliedern 3 ist. Das den zu verankernden Teil 1a des Zugorganes 1 umgebende Stützelement 5' weist eine sich nach hinten, bezogen auf die Fig. 6 nach rechts erweiternde Bohrung 12 auf, in der zwei Keile 14 und 15 mit einer Innenverzahnung 16 zum Festhalten des Teiles 1a des Zugorganes 1 angeordnet sind.6 shows a further embodiment of the tension element 1 according to the invention, which, as in the example shown in FIGS. 1 and 2, is a steel wire strand with the
Die Trennstelle 4 des Aussengliedes 3' ist um etwa einen Siebtel der Länge des Stützelementes 5' von seinem vorderen Ende zurückgesetzt. Der aktive Teil des in der Fig. 6 dargestellten Zugorganes ist von einem Hüllrohr 17 umgeben und der Raum zwischen dem Zugorgan 1 und der Innenseite des Hüllrohres 17 ist zum Erleichtern sowohl des Vorspannens als auch des Ausbauens des aktiven Teiles des Zugorganes 1 mit einem Gleitmittel 18 ausgefüllt. Ein solches Hüllrohr 17 kann auch bei den in den Fig. 1 und 4 dargestellten Ausführungsformen vorgesehen sein.The
Die Stützelemente 5 mit den zugehörigen Trennstellen 4 sind an einer Stelle des aktiven Teiles des Zugorganes 1 angeordnet. Solche Ausführungsformen weisen einen verlängerten passiven, d.h. zu verankernden Teil auf. Durch Anwendung von Last gehen alle nicht durchgetrennten Aussenglieder eines solchen Zugorganes im Bereich des Stützelementes 5 in Brüche, so dass das Zugorgan grösstenteils aus dem Erdreich entfernt werden kann.The
Claims (6)
- A process for making a tension member (1) adapted to be anchorable or capable of being stressed in the ground having a central member (2; 10) about which outer members (3; 9) are disposed, which tension member, which has a rear end anchorable in the ground, is intended to be removed for the most part from the ground after use, at least one of the outer members (3; 9) of the tension member (1) being completely severed at a first point (4), and the central member (2; 10) being completely severed at a second point (19; 20), which is closer to the rear end of the tension member than the first point (4), and a supporting element (5) whose first end is turned away from the rear end of the tension member and whose second end is turned toward the rear end of the tension member, being pressed essentially radially around the tension member in such a way that the first point of severance (4) is situated in an area whose middle lies near the first end of the supporting element (5) and whose length corresponds approximately to the length of the supporting element, characterized in that the second point of severance lies behind the second end of the supporting element (5).
- The process according to claim 1, characterized in that a further outer member (3) is severed in the vicinity of the said first point of severance (4).
- A tension member, produced by the process according to claim 1 or 2, with a central member (2; 10) and outer members (3; 9) disposed around the central member, a supporting member (5) being disposed spaced apart from the rear end of the tension member anchorable in the ground, surrounding the latter, the first end of the supporting member turned away from the rear end of the tension member and the second end of the supporting member turned toward the rear end of the tension member, at least one of the outer members (3; 9) being completely severed at a first point (4) and the central member (2; 10) at a second point, and the first point of severance being disposed in an area the length of which corresponds approximately to the length of the supporting member and extends from the first end of the supporting member along the tension member symmetrically in both directions, characterized in that the second point of severance is arranged behind the second end of the supporting member, the end turned toward the rear end of the tension member.
- The tension member according to claim 3, characterized in that the central member and the outer members are parts of a stranded steel wire.
- The tension member according to claim 3, characterized in that the central member is a central steel rod (10) and the outer members are a plurality of steel rods (9) disposed concentrically around the central steel rod (10) and running parallel to one another.
- The tension member according to claim 5, characterized in that collets (7) are provided disposed spaced apart from the supporting element and are intended to press the outer steel rods (9) against the central steel rod (10).
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| AT89810506T ATE89882T1 (en) | 1988-07-06 | 1989-07-04 | PROCESS FOR MANUFACTURING A GROUND ANCHORED TENSION MEMBERS. |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CH258188 | 1988-07-06 | ||
| CH2581/88 | 1988-07-06 |
Publications (3)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| EP0350454A2 EP0350454A2 (en) | 1990-01-10 |
| EP0350454A3 EP0350454A3 (en) | 1990-04-18 |
| EP0350454B1 true EP0350454B1 (en) | 1993-05-26 |
Family
ID=4237012
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP89810506A Expired - Lifetime EP0350454B1 (en) | 1988-07-06 | 1989-07-04 | Process for making a tension member adapted to be anchored in the ground |
Country Status (9)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US5113634A (en) |
| EP (1) | EP0350454B1 (en) |
| JP (1) | JP2846661B2 (en) |
| KR (1) | KR900001934A (en) |
| AT (1) | ATE89882T1 (en) |
| AU (2) | AU3715489A (en) |
| DE (1) | DE58904466D1 (en) |
| HK (1) | HK130094A (en) |
| MY (1) | MY108500A (en) |
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN104563110A (en) * | 2015-01-14 | 2015-04-29 | 中交水运规划设计院有限公司 | Shear type constant force tester and using method thereof |
Families Citing this family (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| FR2708948B1 (en) * | 1993-08-09 | 1995-11-03 | Bouygues Sa | Method for facilitating the extraction of the reinforcement from a prestressed tie and corresponding tie. |
| EP0659976A3 (en) * | 1993-12-23 | 1995-09-27 | Rsc Mining Proprietary Limited | A rock anchor assembly. |
| US6056482A (en) * | 1996-01-11 | 2000-05-02 | Jennmar Corporation | Cable bolt head |
| DE19732023A1 (en) * | 1997-07-25 | 1999-01-28 | Drahtwerk Koeln Gmbh | Method of making and removing a strand with a predetermined breaking point |
| US6601354B2 (en) * | 2001-07-12 | 2003-08-05 | Bill Hughes | Method and apparatus for post-tensioning steel strands in slab construction |
| CA2622806C (en) * | 2007-02-28 | 2016-05-03 | Jennmar Corporation | Improved cable bolt |
Family Cites Families (7)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US3936924A (en) * | 1973-09-21 | 1976-02-10 | Yoshio Ichise | Releaseable steel cable anchor and method for withdrawing the same |
| US4069677A (en) * | 1975-06-20 | 1978-01-24 | Kabushiki Kaisha Nitto Tekuno Group | Anchor and method for constructing same |
| JPS54141005A (en) * | 1978-04-22 | 1979-11-01 | Sanshin Kensetsu Kogyo Kk | Removed anchor wire strand structure |
| JPS5827368B2 (en) * | 1978-05-26 | 1983-06-09 | 神鋼鋼線工業株式会社 | Removable earth anchor method |
| JPS59217830A (en) * | 1983-05-23 | 1984-12-08 | Suzuki Kinzoku Kogyo Kk | Removable anchoring work |
| CH671057A5 (en) * | 1986-04-28 | 1989-07-31 | Vsl Int Ag | |
| US4719658A (en) * | 1986-10-15 | 1988-01-19 | Special Personal And Financial Planning And Referral Services, Inc. | Hermetically sealed anchor construction for use in post tensioning tendons |
-
1989
- 1989-06-23 MY MYPI89000853A patent/MY108500A/en unknown
- 1989-06-23 US US07/370,771 patent/US5113634A/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1989-06-28 AU AU37154/89A patent/AU3715489A/en not_active Abandoned
- 1989-07-04 AT AT89810506T patent/ATE89882T1/en active
- 1989-07-04 EP EP89810506A patent/EP0350454B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1989-07-04 JP JP1171331A patent/JP2846661B2/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1989-07-04 DE DE8989810506T patent/DE58904466D1/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1989-07-06 KR KR1019890009581A patent/KR900001934A/en active IP Right Grant
-
1991
- 1991-07-29 AU AU81427/91A patent/AU639355B2/en not_active Ceased
-
1994
- 1994-11-24 HK HK130094A patent/HK130094A/en not_active IP Right Cessation
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN104563110A (en) * | 2015-01-14 | 2015-04-29 | 中交水运规划设计院有限公司 | Shear type constant force tester and using method thereof |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| AU639355B2 (en) | 1993-07-22 |
| AU8142791A (en) | 1991-10-10 |
| MY108500A (en) | 1996-10-31 |
| JPH0249816A (en) | 1990-02-20 |
| EP0350454A2 (en) | 1990-01-10 |
| US5113634A (en) | 1992-05-19 |
| KR900001934A (en) | 1990-02-27 |
| AU3715489A (en) | 1990-01-11 |
| ATE89882T1 (en) | 1993-06-15 |
| EP0350454A3 (en) | 1990-04-18 |
| HK130094A (en) | 1994-12-02 |
| DE58904466D1 (en) | 1993-07-01 |
| JP2846661B2 (en) | 1999-01-13 |
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