EP0350454A2 - Process for making a tension member adapted to be anchored in the ground - Google Patents

Process for making a tension member adapted to be anchored in the ground Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0350454A2
EP0350454A2 EP89810506A EP89810506A EP0350454A2 EP 0350454 A2 EP0350454 A2 EP 0350454A2 EP 89810506 A EP89810506 A EP 89810506A EP 89810506 A EP89810506 A EP 89810506A EP 0350454 A2 EP0350454 A2 EP 0350454A2
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
support element
tension member
central
tension
ground
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP89810506A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP0350454A3 (en
EP0350454B1 (en
Inventor
Kurt Lüthi
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VSL International Ltd
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VSL International Ltd
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Priority to AT89810506T priority Critical patent/ATE89882T1/en
Publication of EP0350454A2 publication Critical patent/EP0350454A2/en
Publication of EP0350454A3 publication Critical patent/EP0350454A3/en
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Publication of EP0350454B1 publication Critical patent/EP0350454B1/en
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    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
    • E02D—FOUNDATIONS; EXCAVATIONS; EMBANKMENTS; UNDERGROUND OR UNDERWATER STRUCTURES
    • E02D5/00—Bulkheads, piles, or other structural elements specially adapted to foundation engineering
    • E02D5/74—Means for anchoring structural elements or bulkheads
    • E02D5/80—Ground anchors
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
    • E02D—FOUNDATIONS; EXCAVATIONS; EMBANKMENTS; UNDERGROUND OR UNDERWATER STRUCTURES
    • E02D5/00—Bulkheads, piles, or other structural elements specially adapted to foundation engineering
    • E02D5/74—Means for anchoring structural elements or bulkheads
    • E02D5/76—Anchorings for bulkheads or sections thereof in as much as specially adapted therefor
    • E02D5/765—Anchorings for bulkheads or sections thereof in as much as specially adapted therefor removable

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a method according to the preamble of patent claim 1 and a traction element according to the preamble of patent claim 4.
  • excavation pits are often enclosed by slotted or sheet piling and anchored to the rear using tension anchors with tension elements.
  • the traction elements are temporarily anchored to the ground anchors.
  • the traction elements can also be used in the buildings themselves, e.g. when supporting a bridge. There forces can act on the supports during the construction of the bridge, which requires a temporary reinforcement of them by tension members.
  • the traction elements are removed from the ground or the building and can be used again if necessary.
  • the principle of a predetermined breaking point on the tension member is used.
  • the predetermined breaking point reduces the cross-section of the tension member. This method is mostly limited to rod-shaped steel tension members with a single tension rod. The tension member is torn off in the predetermined breaking point by stretching beyond the tensile strength limit and largely removed from the ground or the structure.
  • DE-PS 26 27 524 describes a grout anchor with a tension member surrounded by a cladding tube.
  • the pulling element designed in the form of a steel wire strand slidably extends through the cladding tube.
  • the traction element is guided with its end on the ground side through an anchor foot and held by means of a sleeve which is supported against the anchor foot.
  • An adhesive is arranged as an intermediate layer between the sleeve and the tension member and the tension member is pressed through the sleeve.
  • the clamping force of the sleeve is dimensioned such that the maximum resistance that is required to pull out the pulling element is somewhat greater than the load-bearing capacity that is exerted on the pulling element.
  • the disadvantage of this removable anchor is that the adhesive must be dimensioned and constructed in such a way that the load capacity really lies between the limits of the working load and the breaking strength.
  • the tolerance range during manufacture is very small and any inaccuracy can increase the uncertainty factor of the resilience of this known grout anchor.
  • the European patent application published under number 244 353 describes a tension member that can be anchored and expanded in the ground or in a building.
  • This tension member consists of a central link and several outer links surrounding it.
  • the central member is in any case completely severed at one point and a support element is pressed around the traction element via this separation point. By moving the separation point within the support element, the working load to be exerted on the pulling element can be adapted to the requirements.
  • This traction element with a severed central link is very suitable if no great demands are made on sufficient elasticity. It is a job the invention to propose a method for producing an expandable tension member with which the tension member can be produced in a simple manner and wherein the tension member has a greater elasticity.
  • the tension member according to the invention is defined by the characterizing features of claim 4.
  • the tension member 1 consists of a steel wire strand.
  • a 3 ' is completely severed at a point 4.
  • the stranded, consisting of wires outer members 3 are partially opened and the outer member 3 'sawed through completely.
  • a tubular support element 5 is pushed over the rear end region 1a of the traction element 1, which is later to be anchored in the ground or building, until the support element 5 just covers the separation point 4. Then the support element 5 is exposed to radially inward forces, as a result of which the support element 5 is pressed firmly against the pulling element 1 by transverse pressing.
  • An insert 11 is located between the inner surface of the tubular support element 5 and the pulling element 1.
  • the insert 11 is made of a material that is harder than the support element 5 and the pulling element 1.
  • the surface of the insert resting on the outer members 3 of the pulling element 1 11 is provided with a toothing 13 for securely holding the tension member 1.
  • the length L of the support element 5 corresponds approximately to four to six times the diameter of the tension member 1 and the distance L1 of the separation point 4 compared to the rear Ren end of the traction element 1 facing away from the end of the support element 5 is in the embodiment shown in FIG. 1 about a twentieth of the length L of the support element 5.
  • the separation point 4 can, however, in a range of 1/2 L before to after the mentioned end of the support element 5th lie.
  • a plate 8 serving as an abutment for supporting the support element.
  • a cement emulsion for forming a grouting body (not shown) is later injected into the soil surrounding that part 1a of the traction element 1, which is to the right of the plate 8 in relation to FIG. 1, in order to create a grouting anchor.
  • FIGS. 1 and 2 shows the pulling element 1 shown in FIGS. 1 and 2, the major part of which has been separated from the supporting element 5 held in the pressing body (not shown) by exerting a load P on the free end of the pulling element 1.
  • Fig. 3 shows that the outer members 3 not severed in the use state of the anchor in the vicinity of the separation point 4 of the outer member 3 'which has been completely severed from the beginning are broken. In contrast to this, the section of the central member 2 originally located in part 1a of the tension member 1 has not been broken, but has been pulled out of part 1a.
  • a large stretch, i.e. a plastic deformation of the tension member 1 is particularly advantageous in order to be able to recognize any additional forces that may occur after prestressing, for example as a result of the earth pressure on the anchor, by a visible displacement of the anchor head.
  • the pulling element 1 shown in FIG. 4 has a central steel rod 10 and six outer central rods 9, of which the steel rods 9 'are completely severed at points 4 and 6, respectively. So that the steel rods 9 and 10 are arranged and run parallel to one another, they are held together at regular intervals by clamping sleeves 7, of which only one is visible in FIG. 4.
  • the rear part 1a of the tension member 1 is pressed together by the tubular support element 5 and held.
  • the plate 8 serving as an abutment is arranged next to the support element 5. This plate has the same function as the anchor base on a press anchor.
  • the separation points 4 and 6 are, based on Fig. 4, on the left side of the plate 5, i.e. at a distance of about a quarter of the length of the support element 5 in front of the same.
  • FIG. 5 shows that section of the traction element 1 which is separated from the anchored part 1a by the action of a greater load than the working load, the four outer steel rods 9, only two of which are visible, being broken by the greater load. Similar to the example shown in FIG. 3, the section of the central steel rod 10 pulled out of part 1a.
  • FIG. 6 shows a further embodiment of the tension element 1 according to the invention, which, as in the example shown in FIGS. 1 and 2, is a steel wire strand with the central member 2 and the outer members 3.
  • the part to be anchored 1a of the tension member 1 surrounding support element 5 ' has a rearward, with respect to Fig. 6 to the right widening bore 12 in which two wedges 14 and 15 with an internal toothing 16 for holding the part 1a of the tension member 1 are arranged.
  • the separation point 4 of the outer member 3 ' is reset by about a seventh the length of the support element 5' from its front end.
  • the active part of the pulling element shown in FIG. 6 is surrounded by a cladding tube 17 and the space between the pulling element 1 and the inside of the cladding tube 17 is to facilitate both the pretensioning and the expansion of the active part of the pulling element 1 with a lubricant 18 filled out.
  • a cladding tube 17 can also be provided in the embodiments shown in FIGS. 1 and 4.
  • the support elements 5 with the associated separation points 4 can also be arranged at one point of the active part of the pulling element 1.
  • Such embodiments, not shown, have an extended passive, i.e. part to be anchored. By applying load, all non-severed outer members of such a tension member break in the area of the support element 5, so that the tension member can possibly be largely removed from the ground or structure for reuse.

Abstract

The tension part (1), which can be extracted from the earth after use, comprises a central member (2) and a plurality of outer members (3). At least one (3') of the outer members is completely servered. Pressed on radially about the tension part is a tubular supporting element (5). The point of severance (4) is situated in the entry region of the supporting element. Disposed between the supporting element and the tension part is an insert (11) having inner teeth (13) for a secure grip. Through the severance of one of the outer members, substantially greater ductility is achieved before breakage takes place. This in turn allows better monitoring of soil anchors produced with such tension parts.

Description

Die Erfindung betrifft ein Verfahren gemäss dem Oberbegriff des Patentanspruches 1 und ein Zugorgan ge­mäss dem Oberbegriff des Patentanspruches 4.The invention relates to a method according to the preamble of patent claim 1 and a traction element according to the preamble of patent claim 4.

Für die Konstruktion von Bauwerken, die sich mehrere Stockwerke tief in den Boden erstrecken, werden häufig Baugruben durch Schlitz- oder Spundwände umschlossen und mittels Verpressanker mit Zugorganen rückseitig veran­kert. Die Zugorgane werden bei den Verpressankern im Erd­reich temporär verankert. Die Zugorgane können aber auch in den Bauwerken selbst Verwendung finden, wie dies z.B. beim Stützen einer Brücke der Fall ist. Dort können wäh­rend des Bauens der Brücke auf die Stützen Kräfte einwir­ken, die eine temporäre Verstärkung derselben durch Zug­organe erfordert.For the construction of structures that extend several floors deep into the ground, excavation pits are often enclosed by slotted or sheet piling and anchored to the rear using tension anchors with tension elements. The traction elements are temporarily anchored to the ground anchors. The traction elements can also be used in the buildings themselves, e.g. when supporting a bridge. There forces can act on the supports during the construction of the bridge, which requires a temporary reinforcement of them by tension members.

Nach dem Gebrauch werden die Zugorgane aus dem Erd­reich oder dem Bauwerk entfernt und können gegebenenfalls wieder verwendet werden. Beim mechanischen Ausbau wird beispielsweise das Prinzip einer Soll-Bruchstelle auf dem Zugorgan angewandt. Durch die Soll-Bruchstelle wird eine Querschnittsverminderung des Zugorganes erreicht. Dieses Verfahren beschränkt sich meistens auf stabförmige Stahl­zugorgane mit einem einzigen Zugstab. Das Zugorgan wird durch Ueberspannen über die Zugfestigkeitsgrenze hinaus in der Soll-Bruchstelle abgerissen und aus dem Erdreich bzw. dem Bauwerk grösstenteils entfernt.After use, the traction elements are removed from the ground or the building and can be used again if necessary. For mechanical expansion, for example, the principle of a predetermined breaking point on the tension member is used. The predetermined breaking point reduces the cross-section of the tension member. This method is mostly limited to rod-shaped steel tension members with a single tension rod. The tension member is torn off in the predetermined breaking point by stretching beyond the tensile strength limit and largely removed from the ground or the structure.

In der DE-PS 26 27 524 ist ein Verpressanker mit einem von einem Hüllrohr umgebenen Zugorgan beschrieben.DE-PS 26 27 524 describes a grout anchor with a tension member surrounded by a cladding tube.

Das in Form einer Stahldrahtlitze ausgebildete Zugorgan erstreckt sich gleitbar durch das Hüllrohr. Das Zugorgan ist mit seinem erdseitigen Ende durch einen Ankerfuss hindurchgeführt und mittels einer sich gegen den Anker­fuss abstützenden Hülse gehalten. Zwischen der Hülse und dem Zugorgan ist ein Haftmittel als Zwischenlage angeord­net und durch die Hülse wird das Zugorgan festgepresst. Die Spannkraft der Hülse ist so bemessen, dass die maxi­male Widerstandskraft, die zum Herausziehen des Zugor­ganes erforderlich ist, etwas grösser als die Tragkraft ist, die auf das Zugorgan ausgeübt wird. Der Nachteil dieses ausbaubaren Ankers ist, dass das Haftmittel so be­messen und beschaffen sein muss, dass auch wirklich die Belastbarkeit zwischen den Grenzen der Gebrauchslast und der Bruchfestigkeit liegt. Der Toleranzbereich ist aber bei der Herstellung sehr gering und jede Ungenauigkeit kann den Unsicherheitsfaktor der Belastbarkeit dieses bekannten Verpressankers vergrössern.The pulling element designed in the form of a steel wire strand slidably extends through the cladding tube. The traction element is guided with its end on the ground side through an anchor foot and held by means of a sleeve which is supported against the anchor foot. An adhesive is arranged as an intermediate layer between the sleeve and the tension member and the tension member is pressed through the sleeve. The clamping force of the sleeve is dimensioned such that the maximum resistance that is required to pull out the pulling element is somewhat greater than the load-bearing capacity that is exerted on the pulling element. The disadvantage of this removable anchor is that the adhesive must be dimensioned and constructed in such a way that the load capacity really lies between the limits of the working load and the breaking strength. However, the tolerance range during manufacture is very small and any inaccuracy can increase the uncertainty factor of the resilience of this known grout anchor.

In der unter der Nummer 244 353 veröffentlichten europäischen Patentanmeldung ist ein im Erdreich oder in einem Bauwerk veranker- und ausbaubares Zugorgan be­schrieben. Dieses Zugorgan besteht aus einem Zentralglied und mehreren dasselbe umgebende Aussenglieder. Bei diesem bekannten Zugorgan ist in jedem Fall das Zentralglied an einer Stelle vollständig durchgetrennt und über dieser Trennstelle ist ein Stützelement um das Zugorgan herum gepresst. Durch das Verschieben der Trennstelle innerhalb des Stützelementes kann die auf das Zugorgan auszuübende Gebrauchslast den Bedürfnissen angepasst werden. Dieses Zugorgan mit durchgetrenntem Zentralglied eignet sich sehr gut, wenn keine grossen Anforderungen an ein aus­reichendes Dehnvermögen gestellt werden. Es ist Aufgabe der Erfindung, ein Verfahren zum Herstellen eines ausbau­baren Zugorganes vorzugschlagen, mit welchem das Zugorgan auf einfache Weise hergestellt werden kann und wobei das Zugorgan ein grösseres Dehnvermögen aufweist.The European patent application published under number 244 353 describes a tension member that can be anchored and expanded in the ground or in a building. This tension member consists of a central link and several outer links surrounding it. In this known traction element, the central member is in any case completely severed at one point and a support element is pressed around the traction element via this separation point. By moving the separation point within the support element, the working load to be exerted on the pulling element can be adapted to the requirements. This traction element with a severed central link is very suitable if no great demands are made on sufficient elasticity. It is a job the invention to propose a method for producing an expandable tension member with which the tension member can be produced in a simple manner and wherein the tension member has a greater elasticity.

Das erfindungsgemässe Verfahren ist durch die im kennzeichnenden Teil des Patentanspruches 1 angeführten Merkmale gekennzeichnet.The method according to the invention is characterized by the features stated in the characterizing part of patent claim 1.

Das erfindungsgemässe Zugorgan ist durch die kenn­zeichnenden Merkmale des Patentanspruches 4 definiert.The tension member according to the invention is defined by the characterizing features of claim 4.

Die Erfindung ist nachstehend mit Bezugnahme auf die Zeichnung beispielsweise näher erläutert. Es zeigen

  • Fig. 1 einen Teil eines aus einer Stahllitze be­stehenden Zugorganes, von dessen Aussengliedern eines vollständig durchgetrennt wurde, im Schnitt, mit einem die Trennstelle knapp umfassenden Stützelement,
  • Fig. 2 einen Schnitt entlang der Linie II - II der Fig. 1,
  • Fig. 3 eine Teilansicht im Schnitt des Zugorganes nach der Fig. 1, welches im Bereich der Trennstelle des Aussengliedes gebrochen ist,
  • Fig. 4 einen Teil eines aus einem zentralen Stab und mehreren konzentrisch zu denselben und zueinander paral­lel verlaufenden Stahlstäben bestehenden Zugorganes, von dessen Aussengliedern zwei vollständig durchgetrennt sind, im Schnitt, mit einem hinter den Trennstellen um das Zugorgan herum gepressten Stützelement,
  • Fig. 5 eine Teilansicht des Zugorganes nach der Fig. 4 im Schnitt, welches im Bereich der beiden Trenn­stellen gebrochen ist, und
  • Fig. 6 eine Teilansicht eines aus einer Stahldraht­litze bestehenden Zugorganes im Schnitt, von dessen Aus­sengliedern eines vollständig durchgetrennt ist, und mit einem um die Trennstelle herum angepressten Stützelement in Form einer Keilverankerung.
The invention is explained in more detail below with reference to the drawing, for example. Show it
  • 1 shows a part of a tension member consisting of a steel strand, the outer members of which have been completely severed, in section, with a support element just barely encompassing the separation point,
  • 2 shows a section along the line II - II of FIG. 1,
  • 3 is a partial view in section of the traction element according to FIG. 1, which is broken in the area of the separation point of the outer member,
  • 4 a part of a tension member consisting of a central rod and a plurality of steel rods concentric with the same and parallel to one another, the outer members of which are two completely separated, with a supporting element pressed behind the separation points around the tension member,
  • Fig. 5 is a partial view of the traction element according to FIG. 4 in section, which is broken in the region of the two separation points, and
  • Fig. 6 is a partial view of a tension member consisting of a steel wire strand, in section, one of whose outer members is completely severed, and with a support element pressed in around the separation point in the form of a wedge anchor.

Beim Herstellen eines im Erdreich oder in einem Bau­werk zu verankernden und einer Last auszusetzenden Zugor­ganes 1, das in den Fig. 1 und 2 dargestellt und dazu be­stimmt ist, nach seinem Gebrauch aus dem Erdreich bzw. dem Bauwerk grösstenteils entfernt zu werden, wird wie folgt vorgegangen:When producing a tension member 1 to be anchored in the ground or in a building and to be subjected to a load, which is shown in FIGS. 1 and 2 and is intended to be largely removed from the ground or the building after its use, it is as follows proceeded:

Das Zugorgan 1 besteht aus einer Stahldrahtlitze. Von den um ein Zentralglied 2 herum angeordneten Aussen­gliedern 3 wird eines 3′ an einer Stelle 4 vollständig durchgetrennt. Hiezu werden die verseilten, aus Drähten bestehenden Aussenglieder 3 teilweise geöffnet und das betreffende Aussenglied 3′ vollständig durchgesägt.The tension member 1 consists of a steel wire strand. Of the outer members 3 arranged around a central member 2, a 3 'is completely severed at a point 4. For this purpose, the stranded, consisting of wires outer members 3 are partially opened and the outer member 3 'sawed through completely.

Nach dem Durchtrennen des Aussengliedes 3′ wird ein rohrförmiges Stützelement 5 über den hinteren, später im Erdreich oder Bauwerk zu verankernden Endbereich 1a des Zugorganes 1 geschoben, bis das Stützelement 5 die Trenn­stelle 4 knapp überdeckt. Alsdann wird das Stützelement 5 radial nach innen gerichteten Kräften ausgesetzt, wodurch das Stützelement 5 durch Querpressen an das Zugorgan 1 fest angepresst wird. Zwischen der Innenfläche des rohr­förmigen Stützelementes 5 und dem Zugorgan 1 befindet sich ein Einsatz 11. Der Einsatz 11 ist aus einem Mate­rial hergestellt, das härter ist als das Stützelement 5 und das Zugorgan 1. Die an den Aussengliedern 3 des Zug­organes 1 anliegende Fläche des Einsatzes 11 ist zum sicheren Festhalten des Zugorganes 1 mit einer Verzahnung 13 versehen.After severing the outer member 3 ', a tubular support element 5 is pushed over the rear end region 1a of the traction element 1, which is later to be anchored in the ground or building, until the support element 5 just covers the separation point 4. Then the support element 5 is exposed to radially inward forces, as a result of which the support element 5 is pressed firmly against the pulling element 1 by transverse pressing. An insert 11 is located between the inner surface of the tubular support element 5 and the pulling element 1. The insert 11 is made of a material that is harder than the support element 5 and the pulling element 1. The surface of the insert resting on the outer members 3 of the pulling element 1 11 is provided with a toothing 13 for securely holding the tension member 1.

Die Länge L des Stützelementes 5 entspricht etwa dem vier- bis sechsfachen Durchmesser des Zugorganes 1 und der Abstand L₁ der Trennstelle 4 gegenüber dem dem hinte­ ren Ende des Zugorganes 1 abgewandten Ende des Stützele­mentes 5 beträgt im Ausführungsbeispiel gemäss der Fig. 1 etwa ein Zwanzigstel der Länge L des Stützelementes 5. Die Trennstelle 4 kann aber in einem Bereich von 1/2 L vor bis nach dem genannten Ende des Stützelementes 5 lie­gen.The length L of the support element 5 corresponds approximately to four to six times the diameter of the tension member 1 and the distance L₁ of the separation point 4 compared to the rear Ren end of the traction element 1 facing away from the end of the support element 5 is in the embodiment shown in FIG. 1 about a twentieth of the length L of the support element 5. The separation point 4 can, however, in a range of 1/2 L before to after the mentioned end of the support element 5th lie.

Unmittelbar vor dem Stützelement 5 ist eine als Widerlage dienende Platte 8 zum Abstützen des Stützele­mentes angeordnet. In das denjenigen Teil 1a des Zug­organes 1 umgebende Erdreich, das sich inbezug auf die Fig. 1 rechts von der Platte 8 befindet, wird später zum Erstellen eines Verpressankers eine Zementemulsion zum Bilden eines nicht dargestellten Verpresskörpers inji­ziert.Immediately in front of the support element 5 is a plate 8 serving as an abutment for supporting the support element. A cement emulsion for forming a grouting body (not shown) is later injected into the soil surrounding that part 1a of the traction element 1, which is to the right of the plate 8 in relation to FIG. 1, in order to create a grouting anchor.

Die Fig. 3 zeigt das in den Fig. 1 und 2 dargestell­te Zugorgan 1, von dem der grösste Teil von dem im nicht dargestellten Verpresskörper gehaltenen Stützelement 5 durch Ausüben einer Last P auf das freie Ende des Zugor­ganes 1 getrennt worden ist.3 shows the pulling element 1 shown in FIGS. 1 and 2, the major part of which has been separated from the supporting element 5 held in the pressing body (not shown) by exerting a load P on the free end of the pulling element 1.

Die Fig. 3 zeigt, dass die im Gebrauchszustand des Ankers nicht durchgetrennten Aussenglieder 3 in der Nach­barschaft der Trennstelle 4 des von Anfang an vollständig durchgetrennten Aussengliedes 3′ gebrochen sind. Im Ge­gensatz dazu ist das sich ursprünglich im Teil 1a des Zugorganes 1 befindliche Teilstück des Zentralgliedes 2 nicht gebrochen, sondern aus dem Teil 1a herausgezogen worden.Fig. 3 shows that the outer members 3 not severed in the use state of the anchor in the vicinity of the separation point 4 of the outer member 3 'which has been completely severed from the beginning are broken. In contrast to this, the section of the central member 2 originally located in part 1a of the tension member 1 has not been broken, but has been pulled out of part 1a.

Versuche haben gezeigt, dass die Dehnung des Zugor­ganes 1 gemäss der Fig. 1 bis zum Bruch etwa fünfmal grösser ist als die Dehnung des Zugorganes gemäss dem in der eingangs genannten europäischen Patentanmeldung be­schriebenen Zugorgan, bei dem wenigstens das Zentralglied vollständig durchgetrennt ist, wobei die Abmessungen des Zugorganes, d.h. dessen Länge und der Durchmesser des Zentralgliedes und der Aussenglieder gleich waren.Experiments have shown that the elongation of the tension member 1 according to FIG. 1 up to the break is about five times greater than the elongation of the tension member according to the tension member described in the aforementioned European patent application, in which at least the central member is completely severed, the dimensions of the tension member, ie its length and the diameter of the central member and the outer members were the same.

Eine grosse Dehnung, d.h. eine plastische Verformung des Zuggliedes 1, ist insbesondere vorteilhaft, um allen­falls nach dem Vorspannen zusätzlich auftretende Kräfte, beispielsweise infolge des Erddruckes auf den Anker, frühzeitig durch eine sichtbare Verschiebung des Anker­kopfes erkennen zu können.A large stretch, i.e. a plastic deformation of the tension member 1 is particularly advantageous in order to be able to recognize any additional forces that may occur after prestressing, for example as a result of the earth pressure on the anchor, by a visible displacement of the anchor head.

Das in der Fig. 4 dargestellte Zugorgan 1 besitzt einen zentralen Stahlstab 10 und sechs äussere Zentral­stäbe 9, von denen die Stahlstäbe 9′ an den Stellen 4 bzw. 6 vollständig durchgetrennt sind. Damit die Stahl­stäbe 9 und 10 geordnet und parallel zueinander verlau­fen, werden sie in regelmässigen Abständen von Klemmhül­sen 7 zusammengehalten, von denen in der Fig. 4 nur eine sichtbar ist. Der hintere Teil 1a des Zugorganes 1 wird durch das rohrförmige Stützelement 5 zusammengepresst und festgehalten. Anschliessend an das Stützelement 5 ist die als Widerlager dienende Platte 8 angeordnet. Diese Platte hat die gleiche Funktion wie der Ankerfuss bei einem Pressanker. Die Trennstellen 4 und 6 befinden sind, be­zogen auf die Fig. 4, auf der linken Seite der Platte 5, d.h. in einem Abstand von etwa einem Viertel der Länge des Stützelementes 5 vor demselben.The pulling element 1 shown in FIG. 4 has a central steel rod 10 and six outer central rods 9, of which the steel rods 9 'are completely severed at points 4 and 6, respectively. So that the steel rods 9 and 10 are arranged and run parallel to one another, they are held together at regular intervals by clamping sleeves 7, of which only one is visible in FIG. 4. The rear part 1a of the tension member 1 is pressed together by the tubular support element 5 and held. The plate 8 serving as an abutment is arranged next to the support element 5. This plate has the same function as the anchor base on a press anchor. The separation points 4 and 6 are, based on Fig. 4, on the left side of the plate 5, i.e. at a distance of about a quarter of the length of the support element 5 in front of the same.

Die Fig. 5 zeigt das durch Einwirken einer grösseren Last als die Gebrauchslast vom verankerten Teil 1a abge­trennte Teilstück des Zugorganes 1, wobei die vier äusse­ren Stahlstäbe 9, von denen nur zwei sichtbar sind, durch die grössere Belastung gebrochen sind. Aehnlich wie in dem in der Fig. 3 dargestellten Beispiel wurde das sich ursprünglich im Teil 1a befindliche Teilstück des zentralen Stahlstabes 10 aus dem Teil 1a herausgezogen.5 shows that section of the traction element 1 which is separated from the anchored part 1a by the action of a greater load than the working load, the four outer steel rods 9, only two of which are visible, being broken by the greater load. Similar to the example shown in FIG. 3, the section of the central steel rod 10 pulled out of part 1a.

Die Fig. 6 zeigt eine weitere Ausführungsform des erfindungsgemässen Zugorganes 1, das wie in dem in den Fig. 1 und 2 dargestellten Beispiel eine Stahldrahtlitze mit dem Zentralglied 2 und den Aussengliedern 3 ist. Das den zu verankernden Teil 1a des Zugorganes 1 umgebende Stützelement 5′ weist eine sich nach hinten, bezogen auf die Fig. 6 nach rechts erweiterende Bohrung 12 auf, in der zwei Keile 14 und 15 mit einer Innenverzahnung 16 zum Festhalten des Teiles 1a des Zugorganes 1 angeordnet sind.FIG. 6 shows a further embodiment of the tension element 1 according to the invention, which, as in the example shown in FIGS. 1 and 2, is a steel wire strand with the central member 2 and the outer members 3. The part to be anchored 1a of the tension member 1 surrounding support element 5 'has a rearward, with respect to Fig. 6 to the right widening bore 12 in which two wedges 14 and 15 with an internal toothing 16 for holding the part 1a of the tension member 1 are arranged.

Die Trennstelle 4 des Aussengliedes 3′ ist um etwa einen Siebtel der Länge des Stützelementes 5′ von seinem vorderen Ende zurückgesetzt. Der aktive Teil des in der Fig. 6 dargestellten Zugorganes ist von einem Hüllrohr 17 umgeben und der Raum zwischen dem Zugorgan 1 und der In­nenseite des Hüllrohres 17 ist zum Erleichtern sowohl des Vorspannens als auch des Ausbauens des aktiven Teiles des Zugorganes 1 mit einem Gleitmittel 18 ausgefüllt. Ein solches Hüllrohr 17 kann auch bei den in den Fig. 1 und 4 dargestellten Ausführungformen vorgesehen sein.The separation point 4 of the outer member 3 'is reset by about a seventh the length of the support element 5' from its front end. The active part of the pulling element shown in FIG. 6 is surrounded by a cladding tube 17 and the space between the pulling element 1 and the inside of the cladding tube 17 is to facilitate both the pretensioning and the expansion of the active part of the pulling element 1 with a lubricant 18 filled out. Such a cladding tube 17 can also be provided in the embodiments shown in FIGS. 1 and 4.

Die Stützelemente 5 mit den zugehörigen Trennstellen 4 kann auch an einer Stelle des aktiven Teiles des Zug­organes 1 angeordnet sein. Solche nicht dargestellten Ausführungsformen weisen einen verlängerten passiven, d.h. zu verankernden Teil auf. Durch Anwendung von Last gehen alle nicht durchgetrennten Aussenglieder eines solchen Zugorganes im Bereich des Stützelementes 5 in Brüche, so dass das Zugorgan grösstenteils gegebenen­falls zwecks seiner Wiederverwendung aus dem Erdreich bzw. Bauwerk entfernt werden kann.The support elements 5 with the associated separation points 4 can also be arranged at one point of the active part of the pulling element 1. Such embodiments, not shown, have an extended passive, i.e. part to be anchored. By applying load, all non-severed outer members of such a tension member break in the area of the support element 5, so that the tension member can possibly be largely removed from the ground or structure for reuse.

Claims (8)

1. Verfahren zum Herstellen eines im Erdreich oder in einem Bauwerk veranker- und belastbaren Zugorganes (1) mit einem Zentralglied (2; 10), um das Aussenglieder (3; 9) angeordnet sind, welches Zugorgan dazu bestimmt ist, nach seinem Gebrauch grösstenteils aus dem Erdreich oder dem Bauwerk entfernt zu werden, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass mindestens eines der Aussenglieder (3; 9) des Zugor­ganes (1) an einer Stelle (4) vollständig durchgetrennt wird, und dass ein Stützelement (5) im wesentlichen in radialer Richtung derart um das Zugorgan (1) gepresst wird, dass die Trennstelle (4) in einem Bereich liegt, der sich über etwa die Länge des Stützelementes (5) er­streckt, wobei sich die Mitte des Bereiches beim vom hinteren Ende des Zugorganes (1) abgewandten Ende des Stützelementes (5) befindet.1. A method for producing a tensile member anchored and resilient in the ground or in a building with a central member (2; 10) around which the outer members (3; 9) are arranged, which tensile member is intended for the most part after its use to be removed from the ground or the structure, characterized in that at least one of the outer members (3; 9) of the tension member (1) is completely severed at one point (4), and that a support element (5) is essentially in the radial direction is pressed around the traction element (1) in such a way that the separation point (4) lies in a region which extends over approximately the length of the support element (5), the center of the region facing away from the rear end of the traction element (1) End of the support element (5) is located. 2. Verfahren nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeich­net, dass ein weiteres Aussenglied (3) in der Nachbar­schaft der genannten Trennstelle (4) durchgetrennt wird.2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that a further outer member (3) in the vicinity of said separation point (4) is severed. 3. Verfahren nach Anspruch 2, dadurch gekennzeich­net, dass das Zentralglied (2) an einer Stelle, die sich nach dem Umpressen des Stützelementes (5) hinter dem Ende des Stützelementes (5) befindet, durchgetrennt wird, wel­ches Ende dem hinteren Ende des Zugorganes (1) zugewandt ist.3. The method according to claim 2, characterized in that the central member (2) at a point which is located after the pressing of the support element (5) behind the end of the support element (5), which end is the rear end of the tension member (1) faces. 4. Zugorgan, hergestellt nach dem Verfahren nach ei­nem der Ansprüche 1 bis 3, mit einem dasselbe umgebenden Stützelement (5) und wenigstens einem vollständig durch­getrennten Aussenglied (3), dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass sich die Trennstelle (4) in einem das vordere Ende des Stützelementes (5) überlappenden Bereich befindet und dass der Bereich etwa so lang ist wie die Länge des Stützelementes.4. tension member, produced by the method according to any one of claims 1 to 3, with a same surrounding support element (5) and at least one completely severed outer member (3), characterized in that the separation point (4) in a the front end of the Support element (5) overlapping area and that the area is approximately as long as the length of the support element. 5. Zugorgan nach Patentanspruch 4, dadurch gekenn­zeichnet, dass es aus einer Stahldrahtlitze besteht.5. tension member according to claim 4, characterized in that it consists of a steel wire strand. 6. Zugorgan nach Patentanspruch 4, dadurch gekenn­zeichnet, dass es aus einem zentralen Stahlstab (10) und mehreren äusseren, um den zentralen Stahlstab (10) kon­zentrisch und zueinander parallel verlaufenden Stahl­stäben (9) besteht.6. tension member according to claim 4, characterized in that it consists of a central steel rod (10) and a plurality of outer, around the central steel rod (10) concentric and mutually parallel steel rods (9). 7. Zugorgan nach Patentanspruch 6, dadurch gekenn­zeichnet, dass die äusseren Stahlstäbe (9) von aussen durch vom Stützelement entfernt angeordnete Klemmhülsen (7) an den zentralen Stahlstab angepresst sind.7. tension member according to claim 6, characterized in that the outer steel rods (9) are pressed from the outside by clamping sleeves (7) arranged at a distance from the supporting element to the central steel rod. 8. Zugorgan nach einem der Patentansprüche 4 bis 7, gekennzeichnet durch ein Widerlager (8), gegen welches sich das Stützelement (5) mit seiner dem zu verankernden Teil (1a) abgekehrten Seite abstützt.8. Tension member according to one of the claims 4 to 7, characterized by an abutment (8) against which the support element (5) is supported with its side facing away from the part to be anchored (1a).
EP89810506A 1988-07-06 1989-07-04 Process for making a tension member adapted to be anchored in the ground Expired - Lifetime EP0350454B1 (en)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AT89810506T ATE89882T1 (en) 1988-07-06 1989-07-04 PROCESS FOR MANUFACTURING A GROUND ANCHORED TENSION MEMBERS.

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
CH2581/88 1988-07-06
CH258188 1988-07-06

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EP0350454A2 true EP0350454A2 (en) 1990-01-10
EP0350454A3 EP0350454A3 (en) 1990-04-18
EP0350454B1 EP0350454B1 (en) 1993-05-26

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US (1) US5113634A (en)
EP (1) EP0350454B1 (en)
JP (1) JP2846661B2 (en)
KR (1) KR900001934A (en)
AT (1) ATE89882T1 (en)
AU (2) AU3715489A (en)
DE (1) DE58904466D1 (en)
HK (1) HK130094A (en)
MY (1) MY108500A (en)

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US6601354B2 (en) * 2001-07-12 2003-08-05 Bill Hughes Method and apparatus for post-tensioning steel strands in slab construction
CA2889347C (en) * 2007-02-28 2016-08-09 Peter H. Craig Improved cable bolt
CN104563110A (en) * 2015-01-14 2015-04-29 中交水运规划设计院有限公司 Shear type constant force tester and using method thereof

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EP0638689A1 (en) * 1993-08-09 1995-02-15 Bouygues Method for facilitating the extraction of the reinforcement of a prestressed ground-anchor and corresponding anchor
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Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
MY108500A (en) 1996-10-31
JP2846661B2 (en) 1999-01-13
AU3715489A (en) 1990-01-11
EP0350454A3 (en) 1990-04-18
JPH0249816A (en) 1990-02-20
US5113634A (en) 1992-05-19
KR900001934A (en) 1990-02-27
AU8142791A (en) 1991-10-10
ATE89882T1 (en) 1993-06-15
EP0350454B1 (en) 1993-05-26
AU639355B2 (en) 1993-07-22
HK130094A (en) 1994-12-02
DE58904466D1 (en) 1993-07-01

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