EP0348299B1 - Heat exchanger - Google Patents

Heat exchanger Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0348299B1
EP0348299B1 EP89401752A EP89401752A EP0348299B1 EP 0348299 B1 EP0348299 B1 EP 0348299B1 EP 89401752 A EP89401752 A EP 89401752A EP 89401752 A EP89401752 A EP 89401752A EP 0348299 B1 EP0348299 B1 EP 0348299B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
heat exchanger
guide tube
chamber
tube
exchanger according
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EP89401752A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP0348299A1 (en
Inventor
Bernard Raymond Schmitt
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INNOVATIONS THERMIQUES
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INNOVATIONS THERMIQUES
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Priority to AT89401752T priority Critical patent/ATE77473T1/en
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24H—FLUID HEATERS, e.g. WATER OR AIR HEATERS, HAVING HEAT-GENERATING MEANS, e.g. HEAT PUMPS, IN GENERAL
    • F24H1/00—Water heaters, e.g. boilers, continuous-flow heaters or water-storage heaters
    • F24H1/22—Water heaters other than continuous-flow or water-storage heaters, e.g. water heaters for central heating
    • F24H1/225—Water heaters other than continuous-flow or water-storage heaters, e.g. water heaters for central heating electrical central heating boilers
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28D—HEAT-EXCHANGE APPARATUS, NOT PROVIDED FOR IN ANOTHER SUBCLASS, IN WHICH THE HEAT-EXCHANGE MEDIA DO NOT COME INTO DIRECT CONTACT
    • F28D7/00—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary tubular conduit assemblies for both heat-exchange media, the media being in contact with different sides of a conduit wall
    • F28D7/10—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary tubular conduit assemblies for both heat-exchange media, the media being in contact with different sides of a conduit wall the conduits being arranged one within the other, e.g. concentrically
    • F28D7/106—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary tubular conduit assemblies for both heat-exchange media, the media being in contact with different sides of a conduit wall the conduits being arranged one within the other, e.g. concentrically consisting of two coaxial conduits or modules of two coaxial conduits
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28F—DETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
    • F28F9/00—Casings; Header boxes; Auxiliary supports for elements; Auxiliary members within casings
    • F28F9/22—Arrangements for directing heat-exchange media into successive compartments, e.g. arrangements of guide plates

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a heat exchanger as generally known from US-A-4,440,217.
  • This document describes and shows a heat exchanger in which a first fluid circulates by passing through three chambers and in which a second fluid circulates by passing through two chambers interposed between the three aforementioned chambers.
  • the objective sought in this document is to obtain a high efficiency of heat exchange between only two fluids, by increasing the thermal contact surfaces between the two fluids.
  • Patent CH-A-593,470 describes and shows a heat exchanger in which a coil is arranged in a chamber formed in a hollow body having a double peripheral envelope.
  • the heat exchanges are poorly controlled, the hydraulic flows are uneven on the heat exchange surfaces and the heat transfer flows cannot be significant.
  • the heat exchanger comprises a hollow body comprising a longitudinal outer wall and two end walls and having, on the side of said end walls, respectively a supply chamber and a evacuation chamber connected to a first external circuit of a fluid and interconnected by at least one guide tube in which extends a longitudinal elongated heating element carried by one of said end walls, so that the fluid from said first external circuit passes from the supply chamber to the evacuation chamber by flowing in the space separating the heating element and the guide tube; said hollow body further having two intermediate chambers connected to a second external circuit and interconnected by at least one connecting tube which is arranged around said guide tube; said hollow body comprising a first intermediate partition separating said intermediate chambers and connecting said connecting tube to said external wall, a second intermediate partition separating one of the intermediate chambers and the supply chamber and connecting said guide tube to said external wall, and a third intermediate partition separating the other intermediate chamber and the evacuation chamber and connecting said guide tube to said external wall, so that the second fluid of the second external circuit passes from one intermediate chamber into the other in
  • the heat exchanger according to the invention makes it possible to carry out heat transfers between the elongated heating element and the first fluid circulating in the space separating this element and the guide tube and heat transfers, from the towards each other, between the two fluids flowing on either side of the guide tube.
  • the heat exchanger according to the invention as it has just been defined also makes it possible to obtain high thermal fluxes between the elongated heating element, the first fluid and the second fluid, while controlling the heat exchanges and in particular by avoiding their local overheating, the first fluid possibly advantageously constituting a thermal intermediate between the elongated heating element and the second fluid.
  • the supply and discharge chambers can be connected by several guide tubes in each of which extends at least one elongated heating element and that the intermediate chambers are connected by several connection tubes arranged respectively around said guide tubes.
  • said connecting tube and said elongated element are preferably cylindrical and co-axial.
  • said spaces are preferably such that the flow of fluid in the latter is turbulent.
  • means can advantageously be provided for centering the guide tube in the connecting tube so as to maintain a constant distance between these tubes.
  • said centering means are preferably formed by local deformations of one of said tubes which bear on the other.
  • said guide tube is preferably tightly connected to the wall of said supply chamber that it crosses and / or to the wall of said evacuation chamber that it crosses by means of a deformable means in the direction of the length of this guide tube.
  • the above-mentioned deformable means is preferably constituted by an annular or tubular bellows tightly connected on the one hand to the guide tube and on the other hand to the wall of the aforementioned chamber.
  • said elongated heating element contains at least one electrical resistance.
  • the heat exchanger shown in the figures and generally identified by the reference 1 comprises a hollow body 2 which has a longitudinal cylindrical wall 3 as well as radial end walls 4 and 5.
  • the interior volume of the hollow body 2 is, longitudinally, divided into four successive chambers 6, 7, 8, 9 which are respectively separated by radial partitions 10, 11 and 12.
  • the cylindrical wall 3 of the body 2 is longitudinally divided into parts provided with flanges on which these radial partitions are fixed respectively.
  • the intermediate chambers 7 and 8 are connected, in the example, by two longitudinal cylindrical tubes 13 and 14 which extend through the intermediate radial partition 11 and which are carried, preferably in leaktight manner, by the latter, the ends of these connecting tubes 13 and 14 being at a distance from the radial partitions 10 and 12.
  • the end chambers 6 and 9 are connected by cylindrical longitudinal guide tubes 15 and 16 which extend through the connection tubes 13 and 14 being coaxial with them and which extend through the radial walls 10 and 12, the guide tubes 15 and 16 being carried by these radial walls 10 and 12 in a sealed manner and their ends being respectively at a distance from the end walls 4 and 5 of the hollow body 2.
  • the intermediate chambers 7 and 8 are connected by the annular spaces 17 and 18 separating respectively the connecting tubes 13 and 14 and the guide tubes 15 and 16.
  • longitudinal elongated heating elements 19 and 20 which also extend through the end chamber 6 and the end wall 4 and which are carried by this last. These elongated heating elements contain electrical resistances at least in the region of the guide tubes 15 and 16.
  • end chambers 6 and 9 are connected by the annular passages 21 and 22 separating the elongated heating elements 19 and 20 and the guide tubes 15 and 16.
  • the wall 3 of the cylindrical body 2 carries on the one hand radial pipes 23 and 24 which make it possible to connect the end chambers 6 and 9 to a first external circuit and on the other hand radial pipes 25 and 26 which allow to connect the intermediate chambers 7 and 8 to a second external circuit.
  • the heat exchanger 1 described above and shown in the figures works and can be used as follows.
  • a first fluid such as a liquid circulating in the aforementioned first circuit enters the supply chamber 6 through the radial tube 23, flows into the annular spaces 21 and 22 separating respectively the heating elements 19 and 20 and the guide tubes 15 and 16 to the evacuation chamber 9, from which it emerges through the radial tube 24.
  • the first fluid is heated during its passage through the annular spaces 21 and 22.
  • a second fluid such as a liquid circulating in the aforementioned second circuit enters the first intermediate chamber 7 through the radial tube 25, flows through the annular spaces 17 and 18 separating respectively the connecting tubes 13 and 14 and the tubes guides 15 and 16 to the second intermediate chamber 8 to exit therefrom through the radial tube 26.
  • this fluid which circulates in the first aforementioned circuit, is passed through annular spaces 21 and 22 in which it is heated by the electrical resistance of the elongated heating elements 19 and 20 and, to cool it, it is pass through these annular spaces 21 and 22 and at the same time a second cooling fluid, which circulates in the aforementioned second circuit, is passed through the annular spaces 17 and 18.
  • the length of the connecting tubes 13 and 14, which determines the length of the annular passages 17 and 18, constitutes one of the parameters for determining the heat flux between the two fluids.
  • the elongated heating elements 19 and 20 are carried by the end wall 4 of the hollow body 2 and extend through the supply chamber 6 and into the guide tubes 15 and 16.
  • these elongated heating elements 19 and 20 are suitably centered.
  • the elongated heating elements 19 and 20 and the guide tubes 15 and 16 can slide longitudinally relative to each other in order to absorb their deformations due to temperature variations.
  • connecting tubes 13 and 14 pass through and are carried by the intermediate partition 11.
  • the connecting tubes 13 and 14 are also provided with local deformations 28 extending inwards and against which the guide tubes 15 and 16 bear respectively.
  • the guide tubes 15 and 16 are respectively fixed to the walls 10 and 12 of the hollow body 2 in a sealed manner, for example by welding.
  • sleeves 29 are tightly fixed against the partition 12 and surround the guide tubes 15 and 16.
  • Sleeves 30 surround and are tightly fixed to these guide tubes, at a distance sleeves 29.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Heat-Exchange Devices With Radiators And Conduit Assemblies (AREA)
  • Separation By Low-Temperature Treatments (AREA)
  • Instantaneous Water Boilers, Portable Hot-Water Supply Apparatuses, And Control Of Portable Hot-Water Supply Apparatuses (AREA)
  • Compression-Type Refrigeration Machines With Reversible Cycles (AREA)
  • Filling Or Discharging Of Gas Storage Vessels (AREA)

Abstract

Heat exchanger (1) comprising a hollow body (2) exhibiting a feed chamber (6) and an evacuation chamber (9) which are connected by at least one guide tube (15) in which there extends at least one elongate heating element (19) in such a manner that a fluid can pass from the feed chamber to the evacuation chamber by flowing into the space separating the heating element and the guide tube, said hollow body (1) further exhibiting two intermediate chambers (7, 8) connected by at least one linking tube (13) which is disposed around said guide tube (15) and which connects these intermediate chambers in such a manner that a second fluid can pass from one intermediate chamber into the other by flowing into the space (17) separating the guide tube and the linking tube. <IMAGE>

Description

La présente invention concerne un échangeur de chaleur tel que connu de façon générale par le US-A- 4 440 217. The present invention relates to a heat exchanger as generally known from US-A-4,440,217.

Ce document décrit et montre un échangeur de chaleur dans lequel un premier fluide circule en passant au travers de trois chambres et dans lequel un second fluide circule en passant au travers de deux chambres interposées entre les trois chambres précités. L'objectif recherché dans ce document est d'obtenir un rendement élevé d'échanges de chaleur entre uniquement deux fluides, en multipliant les surfaces de contact thermique entre les deux fluides.This document describes and shows a heat exchanger in which a first fluid circulates by passing through three chambers and in which a second fluid circulates by passing through two chambers interposed between the three aforementioned chambers. The objective sought in this document is to obtain a high efficiency of heat exchange between only two fluids, by increasing the thermal contact surfaces between the two fluids.

Le brevet CH-A- 593 470 décrit et montre un échangeur de chaleur dans lequel un serpentin est disposé dans une chambre ménagée dans un corps creux présentant une double enveloppe périphérique. Dans cet échangeur de chaleur connu, les échanges thermiques sont mal maitrisés, les écoulements hydrauliques sont inégaux sur les surfaces d'échanges thermiques et les flux de transfert thermique ne peuvent pas être importants.Patent CH-A-593,470 describes and shows a heat exchanger in which a coil is arranged in a chamber formed in a hollow body having a double peripheral envelope. In this known heat exchanger, the heat exchanges are poorly controlled, the hydraulic flows are uneven on the heat exchange surfaces and the heat transfer flows cannot be significant.

Tel qu'il est revendiqué, l'échangeur de chaleur selon l'invention comprend un corps creux comprenant une paroi extérieure longitudinale et deux parois d'extrémité et présentant, du côté desdites parois d'extrémité, respectivement une chambre d'alimentation et une chambre d'évacuation reliées à un premier circuit extérieur d'un fluide et reliées entre elles par au moins un tube guide dans lequel s'étend un élément chauffant allongé longitudinal porté par l'une desdites parois d'extrémité, de telle sorte que le fluide dudit premier circuit extérieur passe de la chambre d'alimentation à la chambre d'évacuation en s'écoulant dans l'espace séparant l'élément chauffant et le tube guide ; ledit corps creux présentant en outre deux chambres intermédiaires reliées à un second circuit extérieur et reliées entre elles par au moins un tube de liaison qui est disposé autour dudit tube guide ; ledit corps creux comprenant une première cloison intermédiaire séparant lesdites chambres intermédiaires et reliant ledit tube de liaison à ladite paroi extérieure, une deuxième cloison intermédiaire séparant l'une des chambres intermédiaires et la chambre d'alimentation et reliant ledit tube guide à ladite paroi extérieure, et une troisième cloison intermédiaire séparant l'autre chambre intermédiaire et la chambre d'évacuation et reliant ledit tube guide à ladite paroi extérieure, de telle sorte que le second fluide du second circuit extérieur passe d'une chambre intermédiaire dans l'autre en s'écoulant dans l'espace séparant le tube guide et le tube de liaison.As claimed, the heat exchanger according to the invention comprises a hollow body comprising a longitudinal outer wall and two end walls and having, on the side of said end walls, respectively a supply chamber and a evacuation chamber connected to a first external circuit of a fluid and interconnected by at least one guide tube in which extends a longitudinal elongated heating element carried by one of said end walls, so that the fluid from said first external circuit passes from the supply chamber to the evacuation chamber by flowing in the space separating the heating element and the guide tube; said hollow body further having two intermediate chambers connected to a second external circuit and interconnected by at least one connecting tube which is arranged around said guide tube; said hollow body comprising a first intermediate partition separating said intermediate chambers and connecting said connecting tube to said external wall, a second intermediate partition separating one of the intermediate chambers and the supply chamber and connecting said guide tube to said external wall, and a third intermediate partition separating the other intermediate chamber and the evacuation chamber and connecting said guide tube to said external wall, so that the second fluid of the second external circuit passes from one intermediate chamber into the other in s 'flowing into the space between the guide tube and the connecting tube.

Ainsi, l'échangeur de chaleur selon l'invention permet d'effectuer des transferts de chaleur entre l'élément chauffant allongé et le premier fluide circulant dans l'espace séparant cet élément et le tube guide et des transferts de chaleur, de l'un vers l'autre, entre les deux fluides circulant de part et d'autre du tube guide.Thus, the heat exchanger according to the invention makes it possible to carry out heat transfers between the elongated heating element and the first fluid circulating in the space separating this element and the guide tube and heat transfers, from the towards each other, between the two fluids flowing on either side of the guide tube.

L'échangeur de chaleur selon l'invention tel qu'il vient d'être défini permet en outre d'obtenir des hauts flux thermiques entre l'élément chauffant allongé, le premier fluide et le second fluide, tout en maitrisant les échanges thermiques et en évitant notamment leur surchauffe locale, le premier fluide pouvant avantageusement constituer un intermédiaire thermique entre l'élément chauffant allongé et le second fluide.The heat exchanger according to the invention as it has just been defined also makes it possible to obtain high thermal fluxes between the elongated heating element, the first fluid and the second fluid, while controlling the heat exchanges and in particular by avoiding their local overheating, the first fluid possibly advantageously constituting a thermal intermediate between the elongated heating element and the second fluid.

Selon un mode préférentiel de réalisation, les chambres d'alimentation et d'évacuation peuvent être reliées par plusieurs tubes guides dans chacun desquels s'étend au moins un élément chauffant allongé et que les chambres intermédiaires sont reliées par plusieurs tubes de liaison disposés respectivement autour desdits tubes guides.According to a preferred embodiment, the supply and discharge chambers can be connected by several guide tubes in each of which extends at least one elongated heating element and that the intermediate chambers are connected by several connection tubes arranged respectively around said guide tubes.

Selon un mode préférentiel de réalisation, ledit tube de liaison et ledit élément allongé sont de préférence cylindriques et co-axiaux.According to a preferred embodiment, said connecting tube and said elongated element are preferably cylindrical and co-axial.

Selon un mode préférentiel de réalisation, lesdits espaces sont de préférence tels que l'écoulement de fluide dans ces derniers est turbulent.According to a preferred embodiment, said spaces are preferably such that the flow of fluid in the latter is turbulent.

Selon un mode préférentiel de réalisation, des moyens peuvent avantageusement être prévus pour le centrage du tube guide dans le tube de liaison de manière à maintenir une distance constante entre ces tubes.According to a preferred embodiment, means can advantageously be provided for centering the guide tube in the connecting tube so as to maintain a constant distance between these tubes.

Selon un mode préférentiel de réalisation, lesdits moyens de centrage sont de préférence formés par des déformations locales de l'un desdits tubes qui prennent appui sur l'autre.According to a preferred embodiment, said centering means are preferably formed by local deformations of one of said tubes which bear on the other.

Selon un mode préférentiel de réalisation, ledit tube guide est de préférence relié de manière étanche à la paroi de ladite chambre d'alimentation qu'il traverse et/ou à la paroi de ladite chambre d'évacuation qu'il traverse par l'intermédiaire d'un moyen déformable dans le sens de la longueur de ce tube guide.According to a preferred embodiment, said guide tube is preferably tightly connected to the wall of said supply chamber that it crosses and / or to the wall of said evacuation chamber that it crosses by means of a deformable means in the direction of the length of this guide tube.

Selon un mode préférentiel de réalisation, le moyen déformable précité est de préférence constitué par un soufflet annulaire ou tubulaire relié de manière étanche d'une part au tube guide et d'autre part à la paroi de la chambre précitée.According to a preferred embodiment, the above-mentioned deformable means is preferably constituted by an annular or tubular bellows tightly connected on the one hand to the guide tube and on the other hand to the wall of the aforementioned chamber.

De préférence, ledit élément chauffant allongé renferme au moins une résistance électrique.Preferably, said elongated heating element contains at least one electrical resistance.

La présente invention sera mieux comprise à l'étude d'un échangeur de chaleur décrit à titre d'exemple non limitatif et illustré par le dessin sur lequel :

  • la figure 1 représente une coupe longitudinale d'un échangeur de chaleur selon la présente invention ;
  • la figure 2 représente une coupe transversale selon II-II de l'échangeur de chaleur de la figure 1 ;
  • la figure 3 montre une coupe radiale agrandie d'un mode de réalisation permettant le centrage des éléments tubulaires de l'échangeur de chaleur de la figure 1 ;
  • la figure 4 montre une coupe longitudinale du mode de réalisation représenté sur la figure 3, à une échelle agrandie ;
  • et la figure 5 représente une coupe longitudinale d'un mode de liaison de deux parties de l'échangeur de chaleur représenté sur la figure 1, à une échelle agrandie.
The present invention will be better understood from the study of a heat exchanger described by way of nonlimiting example and illustrated by the drawing in which:
  • Figure 1 shows a longitudinal section of a heat exchanger according to the present invention;
  • 2 shows a cross section along II-II of the heat exchanger of Figure 1;
  • Figure 3 shows an enlarged radial section of an embodiment for centering the tubular elements of the heat exchanger of Figure 1;
  • Figure 4 shows a longitudinal section of the embodiment shown in Figure 3, on an enlarged scale;
  • and Figure 5 shows a longitudinal section of a method of connecting two parts of the heat exchanger shown in Figure 1, on an enlarged scale.

L'échangeur de chaleur représenté sur les figures et reperé d'une manière générale par la référence 1 comprend un corps creux 2 qui présente une paroi cylindrique longitudinale 3 ainsi que des parois radiales d'extrémité 4 et 5.The heat exchanger shown in the figures and generally identified by the reference 1 comprises a hollow body 2 which has a longitudinal cylindrical wall 3 as well as radial end walls 4 and 5.

A partir de la paroi d'extrémité, le volume intérieur du corps creux 2 est, longitudinalement, divisé en quatre chambres successives 6, 7, 8, 9 qui sont respectivement séparées par des cloisons radiales 10, 11 et 12. Dans l'exemple, la paroi cylindrique 3 du corps 2 est longitudinalement divisée en parties munies de brides sur lesquelles sont respectivement fixées ces cloisons radiales.From the end wall, the interior volume of the hollow body 2 is, longitudinally, divided into four successive chambers 6, 7, 8, 9 which are respectively separated by radial partitions 10, 11 and 12. In the example , the cylindrical wall 3 of the body 2 is longitudinally divided into parts provided with flanges on which these radial partitions are fixed respectively.

Les chambres intermédiaires 7 et 8 sont reliées, dans l'exemple, par deux tubes longitudinaux cylindriques 13 et 14 qui s'étendent au travers de la cloison radiale intermédiaire 11 et qui sont portés, de préférence de manière étanche, par cette dernière, les extrémités de ces tubes de liaison 13 et 14 étant à distance des cloisons radiales 10 et 12.The intermediate chambers 7 and 8 are connected, in the example, by two longitudinal cylindrical tubes 13 and 14 which extend through the intermediate radial partition 11 and which are carried, preferably in leaktight manner, by the latter, the ends of these connecting tubes 13 and 14 being at a distance from the radial partitions 10 and 12.

Les chambres d'extrémité 6 et 9 sont reliées par des tubes guides longitudinaux cylindriques 15 et 16 qui s'étendent au travers des tubes de liaison 13 et 14 en leur étant coaxiaux et qui s'étendent au travers des parois radiales 10 et 12, les tubes guides 15 et 16 étant portés par ces parois radiales 10 et 12 de manière étanche et leurs extrémités étant respectivement à distance des parois d'extrémité 4 et 5 du corps creux 2.The end chambers 6 and 9 are connected by cylindrical longitudinal guide tubes 15 and 16 which extend through the connection tubes 13 and 14 being coaxial with them and which extend through the radial walls 10 and 12, the guide tubes 15 and 16 being carried by these radial walls 10 and 12 in a sealed manner and their ends being respectively at a distance from the end walls 4 and 5 of the hollow body 2.

Ainsi, les chambres intermédiaires 7 et 8 sont reliées par les espaces annulaires 17 et 18 séparant respectivement les tubes de liaison 13 et 14 et les tubes guides 15 et 16.Thus, the intermediate chambers 7 and 8 are connected by the annular spaces 17 and 18 separating respectively the connecting tubes 13 and 14 and the guide tubes 15 and 16.

Dans les tubes guides 15 et 16 et coaxialement à ces derniers, s'étendent des éléments chauffants allongés longitudinaux 19 et 20 qui s'étendent également au travers de la chambre d'extrémité 6 et de la paroi d'extrémité 4 et qui sont portés par cette dernière. Ces éléments chauffants allongés renferment des résistances électriques au moins dans la zone des tubes guides 15 et 16.In the guide tubes 15 and 16 and coaxially with them extend longitudinal elongated heating elements 19 and 20 which also extend through the end chamber 6 and the end wall 4 and which are carried by this last. These elongated heating elements contain electrical resistances at least in the region of the guide tubes 15 and 16.

Ainsi, les chambres d'extrémité 6 et 9 sont reliées par les passages annulaires 21 et 22 séparant les éléments chauffants allongés 19 et 20 et les tubes guides 15 et 16.Thus, the end chambers 6 and 9 are connected by the annular passages 21 and 22 separating the elongated heating elements 19 and 20 and the guide tubes 15 and 16.

Enfin, la paroi 3 du corps cylindrique 2 porte d'une part des tubulures radiales 23 et 24 qui permettent de relier les chambres d'extrémité 6 et 9 à un premier circuit extérieur et d'autre part des tubulures radiales 25 et 26 qui permettent de relier les chambres intermédiaires 7 et 8 à un second circuit extérieur.Finally, the wall 3 of the cylindrical body 2 carries on the one hand radial pipes 23 and 24 which make it possible to connect the end chambers 6 and 9 to a first external circuit and on the other hand radial pipes 25 and 26 which allow to connect the intermediate chambers 7 and 8 to a second external circuit.

L'échangeur de chaleur 1 décrit ci-dessus et représenté sur les figures fonctionne et peut être utilisé de la manière suivante.The heat exchanger 1 described above and shown in the figures works and can be used as follows.

Un premier fluide tel qu'un liquide circulant dans le premier circuit précité entre dans la chambre d'alimentation 6 par la tubulure radiale 23, s'écoule dans les espaces annulaires 21 et 22 séparant respectivement les éléments chauffants 19 et 20 et les tubes guides 15 et 16 vers la chambre d'évacuation 9, de laquelle il ressort par la tubulure radiale 24.A first fluid such as a liquid circulating in the aforementioned first circuit enters the supply chamber 6 through the radial tube 23, flows into the annular spaces 21 and 22 separating respectively the heating elements 19 and 20 and the guide tubes 15 and 16 to the evacuation chamber 9, from which it emerges through the radial tube 24.

Ainsi, lorsque les résistances électriques que renferment les éléments chauffants allongés 19 et 20 sont alimentées en énergie électrique, le premier fluide est chauffé lors de son passage dans les espaces annulaires 21 et 22.Thus, when the electrical resistances contained in the elongated heating elements 19 and 20 are supplied with electrical energy, the first fluid is heated during its passage through the annular spaces 21 and 22.

Un second fluide tel qu'un liquide circulant dans le second circuit précité pénètre dans la première chambre intermédiaire 7 par la tubulure radiale 25, s'écoule au travers des espace annulaires 17 et 18 séparant respectivement les tubes de liaison 13 et 14 et les tubes guides 15 et 16 vers la deuxième chambre intermédiaire 8 pour en ressortir par la tubulure radiale 26.A second fluid such as a liquid circulating in the aforementioned second circuit enters the first intermediate chamber 7 through the radial tube 25, flows through the annular spaces 17 and 18 separating respectively the connecting tubes 13 and 14 and the tubes guides 15 and 16 to the second intermediate chamber 8 to exit therefrom through the radial tube 26.

Ainsi, lorsque le second fluide s'écoule dans les espaces annulaires 17 et 18 et que le premier fluide s'écoule dans les espaces annulaires 21 et 22, un échange de chaleur peut se produire de l'un vers l'autre au travers des la paroi des tubes guides 15 et 16.Thus, when the second fluid flows in the annular spaces 17 and 18 and the first fluid flows in the annular spaces 21 and 22, heat exchange can occur from one to the other through the the wall of the guide tubes 15 and 16.

Dans un exemple d'application, on peut avoir besoin dans un premier temps de chauffer un fluide puis dans un second temps de le refroidir. Pour celà, on fait passer ce fluide, qui circule dans le premier circuit précité, au travers des espaces annulaires 21 et 22 dans lesquelles il est réchauffé par la résistance électrique des éléments chauffants allongés 19 et 20 et, pour le refroidir, on le fait passer dans ces espaces annulaires 21 et 22 et en même temps on fait passer un second fluide de refroidissement, qui circule dans le second circuit précité, dans les espaces annulaires 17 et 18. Bien entendu, la longueur des tubes de liaison 13 et 14, qui détermine la longueur des passages annulaires 17 et 18, constitue l'un des paramètres pour déterminer le flux thermique entre les deux fluides.In an application example, you may need to heat a fluid first and then in a second time to cool it down. For this, this fluid, which circulates in the first aforementioned circuit, is passed through annular spaces 21 and 22 in which it is heated by the electrical resistance of the elongated heating elements 19 and 20 and, to cool it, it is pass through these annular spaces 21 and 22 and at the same time a second cooling fluid, which circulates in the aforementioned second circuit, is passed through the annular spaces 17 and 18. Of course, the length of the connecting tubes 13 and 14, which determines the length of the annular passages 17 and 18, constitutes one of the parameters for determining the heat flux between the two fluids.

Afin d'obtenir des flux thermiques importants aussi bien entre les éléments chauffants allongés 19 et 20 et le fluide circulant dans les espaces annulaires 21 et 22 qu'entre le fluide circulant dans les espaces annulaires 17 et 18 et le fluide circulant dans les espaces annulaires 21 et 22, il est particulièrement avantageux que ces espaces annulaires soient formés et dimensionnés de telle sorte que l'écoulement de fluide dans ces derniers soit turbulent.In order to obtain significant heat fluxes both between the elongated heating elements 19 and 20 and the fluid circulating in the annular spaces 21 and 22 and between the fluid circulating in the annular spaces 17 and 18 and the fluid circulating in the annular spaces 21 and 22, it is particularly advantageous for these annular spaces to be formed and dimensioned so that the flow of fluid therein is turbulent.

Comme on l'a vu, les éléments chauffants allongés 19 et 20 sont portés par la paroi d'extrémité 4 du corps creux 2 et s'étendent au travers de la chambre d'alimentation 6 et dans les tubes guides 15 et 16. Pour maintenir coaxialement ces éléments chauffants 19 et 20 et les tubes guides 15 et 16, afin que l'espace annulaire les séparant soit constant, on propose, selon la variante représentée sur les figures 3 et 4, de former dans la paroi des tubes guides 19 et 20 des déformations locales 27 qui s'étendent en saillie vers l'intérieur et contre lesquelles viennent en appui respectivement les éléments chauffants 19 et 20. Ainsi, ces éléments chauffants allongés 19 et 20 sont convenablement centrés. En outre, les éléments chauffants allongés 19 et 20 et les tubes guides 15 et 16 peuvent glisser longitudinalement les uns par rapport aux autres afin d'absorber leurs déformations dues aux variations de température.As we have seen, the elongated heating elements 19 and 20 are carried by the end wall 4 of the hollow body 2 and extend through the supply chamber 6 and into the guide tubes 15 and 16. For maintain these heating elements 19 and 20 coaxially and the guide tubes 15 and 16, so that the annular space separating them is constant, it is proposed, according to the variant represented in FIGS. 3 and 4, to form guide tubes in the wall 19 and 20 local deformations 27 which project inwards and against which the heating elements 19 and 20 bear respectively. Thus, these elongated heating elements 19 and 20 are suitably centered. In addition, the elongated heating elements 19 and 20 and the guide tubes 15 and 16 can slide longitudinally relative to each other in order to absorb their deformations due to temperature variations.

On a vu que les tubes de liaison 13 et 14 traversent et sont portés par la cloison intermédiaire 11. Afin de maintenir constant l'espace annulaire les séparant des tubes guides 15 et 16 et de permettre un glissement longitudinal de ces tubes de liaison par rapport à ces tubes guides, absorbant les déformations dues aux variations de température, on voit sur les figures 3 et 4 que les tubes de liaison 13 et 14 sont également pourvus de déformations locales 28 s'étendant vers l'intérieur et contre lesquelles viennent en appui respectivement les tubes guides 15 et 16.We have seen that the connecting tubes 13 and 14 pass through and are carried by the intermediate partition 11. In order to maintain constant the annular space separating them from the guide tubes 15 and 16 and allowing a longitudinal sliding of these connecting tubes with respect to these guide tubes, absorbing the deformations due to temperature variations, we see in Figures 3 and 4 that the connecting tubes 13 and 14 are also provided with local deformations 28 extending inwards and against which the guide tubes 15 and 16 bear respectively.

Dans le mode d'exécution représenté sur les figures 1 et 2, les tubes guides 15 et 16 sont respectivement fixés aux parois 10 et 12 du corps creux 2 de manière étanche, par exemple par soudure. Dans la variante représentée sur la figure 5, on propose de relier les tubes guides 15 et 16 à la cloison 12 du corps creux 2 par l'intermédiaire d'un moyen déformable dans le sens longitudinal afin d'absorber les variations de longueur de ces tubes guides 15 et 16 dues aux variations de température et d'éviter ainsi des contraintes mécaniques exagérées sur ces derniers. Dans ce mode de réalisation préféré représenté sur la figure 5, des manchons 29 sont fixés de manière étanche contre la cloison 12 et entourent les tubes guides 15 et 16. Des manchons 30 entourent et sont fixés de manière étanche à ces tubes guides, à distance des manchons 29. Ces manchons 29 et 30 sont reliés par des soufflets annulaires ou tubulaires 31, de préférence métallique, dont les extrémités longitudinales sont fixées de manière étanche aux manchons 29 et 30. Ainsi, les soufflets 31 permettent d'absorber les variations de position longitudinale des tubes guides 15 et 16 par rapport à la cloison 12.In the embodiment shown in Figures 1 and 2, the guide tubes 15 and 16 are respectively fixed to the walls 10 and 12 of the hollow body 2 in a sealed manner, for example by welding. In the variant shown in Figure 5, it is proposed to connect the guide tubes 15 and 16 to the partition 12 of the hollow body 2 by means of a deformable means in the longitudinal direction in order to absorb the variations in length of these guide tubes 15 and 16 due to temperature variations and thus avoid exaggerated mechanical stresses on the latter. In this preferred embodiment shown in FIG. 5, sleeves 29 are tightly fixed against the partition 12 and surround the guide tubes 15 and 16. Sleeves 30 surround and are tightly fixed to these guide tubes, at a distance sleeves 29. These sleeves 29 and 30 are connected by annular or tubular bellows 31, preferably metallic, the longitudinal ends of which are tightly fixed to the sleeves 29 and 30. Thus, the bellows 31 make it possible to absorb variations in longitudinal position of the guide tubes 15 and 16 relative to the partition 12.

Claims (9)

1. Heat exchanger (1) comprising a hollow body (2) having a longitudinal external wall (3) and two end walls (4, 5) and having, on the side of the said end walls, respectively, a supply chamber (6) and an evacuation chamber (9) connected to a first external circuit for a fluid and connected together by at least one guide tube (15) into which there extends a longitudinal elongated heating element (19) carried by one of the said end walls, so that the fluid of the said first external circuit passes from the supply chamber to the evacuation chamber by flowing into the space (21) separating the heating element from the guide tube; the said hollow body (2) further having two intermediate chambers (7, 8) connected to a second external circuit and connected together by at least one connection tube (13) which is arranged around the said guide tube (15); the said hollow body (2) comprising a first intermediate partition (11) separating the said intermediate chambers (7, 8) and connecting the said connection tube (13) to the said external wall, a second intermediate partition (10) separating one of the intermediate chambers (7) from the supply chamber (6) and connecting the said guide tube (15) to the said external wall (3), and a third intermediate partition (12) separating the other intermediate chamber (8) from the evacuation chamber (9) and connecting the said guide tube (15) to the said external wall (3), so that the second fluid of the second external circuit passes from one intermediate chamber to the other by flowing into the space (17) separating the guide tube (15) from the connection tube (13).
2. Heat exchanger according to claim 1, characterised in that the supply chambers (6) and the evacuation chamber (9) are connected by way of several guide tubes, with at least one elongated heating element extending into each of them, and in that the intermediate chambers (7, 8) are connected by several connection tubes arranged respectively around the said guide tubes.
3. Heat exchanger according to any one of the preceding claims, characterised in that the said guide tube (15), the said connection tube (13) and the said elongated element (19) are cylindrical and co-axial.
4. Heat exchanger according to any one of the preceding claims, characterised in that the said spaces (17, 21) are such that the flow of fluid in these spaces is turbulent.
5. Heat exchanger according to any one of the preceding claims, characterised in that means are provided for centering the guide tube (15) within the connection tube (13) so as to maintain a constant distance between these tubes.
6. Heat exchanger according to any one of the preceding claims, characterised in that the said centering means are formed by local deformations (28) of one of the said tubes, which deformations bear against the other tube.
7. Heat exchanger according to any one of the preceding claims, characterised in that the said guide tube (15) is connected in sealed manner to the wall (12) of the said supply chamber through which it passes and/or to the wall of the said evacuation chamber through which it passes by a means which can deform in the direction of the length of this guide tube.
8. Heat exchanger according to any one of the preceding claims, characterised in that the above-mentioned deformable means is formed by an annular or tubular bellows (31) connected in sealed manner on the one hand to the guide tube and on the other hand to the wall of the above-mentioned chamber.
9. Heat exchanger according to any one of the preceding claims, characterised in that the said elongated heating element contains at least one electrical resistor.
EP89401752A 1988-06-22 1989-06-21 Heat exchanger Expired - Lifetime EP0348299B1 (en)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AT89401752T ATE77473T1 (en) 1988-06-22 1989-06-21 HEAT EXCHANGER.

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR8808396 1988-06-22
FR8808396A FR2633378B1 (en) 1988-06-22 1988-06-22 TWO-FLOW HEAT EXCHANGER

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0348299A1 EP0348299A1 (en) 1989-12-27
EP0348299B1 true EP0348299B1 (en) 1992-06-17

Family

ID=9367596

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP89401752A Expired - Lifetime EP0348299B1 (en) 1988-06-22 1989-06-21 Heat exchanger

Country Status (5)

Country Link
EP (1) EP0348299B1 (en)
AT (1) ATE77473T1 (en)
DE (1) DE68901815T2 (en)
ES (1) ES2033105T3 (en)
FR (1) FR2633378B1 (en)

Family Cites Families (10)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR648964A (en) * 1928-02-14 1928-12-17 Improvements to tubular heat exchangers
US2775682A (en) * 1955-08-12 1956-12-25 Turbine Equipment Company Electric fluid heater
CH449678A (en) * 1967-06-20 1968-01-15 Bertrams Ag Hch Tubular heat exchanger with liquid heat transfer medium
CH593470A5 (en) * 1975-07-10 1977-11-30 Schulthess Ad Maschinenfabrik Heat exchanger, esp. for use in textile dyeing - has automatic completely independently regulated heating and cooling systems
FR2333206A1 (en) * 1975-11-27 1977-06-24 Giraud Gabriel Miniature heating equipment for house - has common housing for central heating and domestic hot water heaters
US4254826A (en) * 1979-09-11 1981-03-10 Pvi Industries Inc. Modular heat exchanger
DE2951549A1 (en) * 1979-12-21 1981-07-02 Hoechst Ag, 6230 Frankfurt RING GAP TUBE BUNCH HEAT EXCHANGER
US4440217A (en) * 1982-06-10 1984-04-03 Stieler Scott M Counterflow heat exchanger
DE3318722A1 (en) * 1983-05-21 1984-11-22 K.H. Michael Dipl.-Ing. Schunk (FH), 7441 Wolfschlugen Heat exchanger
DE3419442A1 (en) * 1983-05-25 1984-12-20 Kogata Gasu Reibo-gijutsu Kenkyu Kumiai, Tokio/Tokyo HEAT EXCHANGER

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
FR2633378B1 (en) 1991-01-11
ES2033105T3 (en) 1993-03-01
ATE77473T1 (en) 1992-07-15
EP0348299A1 (en) 1989-12-27
DE68901815D1 (en) 1992-07-23
FR2633378A1 (en) 1989-12-29
DE68901815T2 (en) 1992-12-17

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