EP0347806B1 - Danger signal appliance - Google Patents

Danger signal appliance Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0347806B1
EP0347806B1 EP89111117A EP89111117A EP0347806B1 EP 0347806 B1 EP0347806 B1 EP 0347806B1 EP 89111117 A EP89111117 A EP 89111117A EP 89111117 A EP89111117 A EP 89111117A EP 0347806 B1 EP0347806 B1 EP 0347806B1
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EP
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Prior art keywords
line
voltage
circuit
switching transistor
detector
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EP89111117A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP0347806A1 (en
Inventor
Peer Dr. Thilo
Klaus Kaiser
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Siemens AG
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Siemens AG
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Priority to AT89111117T priority Critical patent/ATE85719T1/en
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    • GPHYSICS
    • G08SIGNALLING
    • G08BSIGNALLING OR CALLING SYSTEMS; ORDER TELEGRAPHS; ALARM SYSTEMS
    • G08B26/00Alarm systems in which substations are interrogated in succession by a central station
    • G08B26/005Alarm systems in which substations are interrogated in succession by a central station with substations connected in series, e.g. cascade

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a hazard detection system that works on the principle of chain synchronization according to the pulse detection system, with a control center with several two-wire primary reporting lines, to which a plurality of detectors are connected in a chain, which are regularly queried cyclically from the control center for their respective analog detector measurement value are, each detector having a voltage measuring device that monitors the applied line voltage, a downstream measuring and control device, a downstream logic logic, an energy store and a switching transistor.
  • Such a hazard alarm system is known from DE-PS 25 33 382.
  • the individual detectors are connected in a chain to the detection line.
  • the measured values of the individual detectors are queried cyclically from the control center and sent to the central evaluation device in order to obtain differentiated fault or alarm messages from the analog values to be linked.
  • all detectors are disconnected from the detection line by a voltage change and then switched on again in a predetermined order in such a way that each detector, after a time delay corresponding to its measured value, by means of a switching transistor arranged in one of the wires of the detection line, the subsequent detectors in addition turns on.
  • the respective detector address is derived from the number of previous increases in line current and the analog measured value from the length of the switching delays in question.
  • line faults such as line interruption and line short-circuit are recognized.
  • the detectors located between the control center and the line interruption can be queried and monitored at any time. In the event of a line short circuit, this is no longer possible on the faulty detection line. This detector or the respective energy store in the individual detector can then no longer be supplied with sufficient energy.
  • a short-circuit separator integrated in the detector has already been proposed in EP 0 111 178, which uses an additional switching transistor to test the line for short-circuit by means of a limited test current before the actual switching through and only allows the actual switching on if there is no short-circuit.
  • this arrangement has the further disadvantage that the test for a short circuit before the actual switching takes place requires a relatively long, different test time depending on the line capacitance, which is different from the characteristic value Switching delay added and thus falsified.
  • This falsification may be the subject of the application EP 0 111 178, in which only 3 measured values are to be distinguished, is not serious, but would in any case be impermissibly large for an analog value transmission system.
  • This object is achieved in that the logic logic is expanded over the logic of previous detectors in such a way that it can open the switching transistor in the last active detector if the line voltage is below a certain value for a test time of a predetermined time cable short-circuit caused by the relevant detector is located.
  • This short-circuit-proof transmission device is part of a hazard detector. It works completely self-sufficient and does not require any complex processes in the evaluation facility at the head office. However, the control center is informed of the detected short circuit and the location of the short circuit. Advantageously, only the detector is to be provided with an expanded logic in order to achieve the additional performance characteristics.
  • the switching transistor is switched on with the cyclical query for the test time and also remains switched on if the line voltage is greater than the starting voltage during this time.
  • the re-opening of the switching transistor in the event of an occurrence Line short circuit emitted a current pulse with a certain period of time, which makes it possible to reliably determine the location of the line short circuit in the control center.
  • a hazard alarm system is indicated schematically with a center Z, to which only one primary reporting line ML is connected.
  • the individual detectors M1 to Mn are connected in a known manner to this primary signal line ML.
  • a line short K is indicated between the detectors M2 and M3.
  • the line voltage UL is present on the signaling primary line ML and line currents IL flow.
  • the detector for the pulse detection system is equipped with a logic logic VL, which is expanded compared to the known logic in the detector.
  • the detector M has a voltage measuring device MU, with which the line voltage UL is monitored and influences the logic logic VL, which receives further signals from the sensor part S of the detector.
  • the logic logic VL influences on the one hand the control device ST, which modulates the line current IL, so that this results in the data transmission from the detector M to the control center Z.
  • the logic logic VL switches the switching transistor T, which switches the signaling line ML to the next detector at the given time.
  • a capacitor C is also provided as an energy store, which is temporarily fed and charged by the line and which supplies energy in the meantime when the detectors are separated from the control center when the starting voltage US equals zero.
  • the line voltage UL is plotted here for the detectors M1, M2 and M3, respectively, over the time t.
  • the open circuit voltage UR can be, for example, 24 volts.
  • the respective energy store C of the individual detector is supplied with energy and charged with this rest voltage.
  • the start voltage US is zero
  • the query voltage UA can be 16 volts, for example. It is now assumed that the line short-circuit K lies between the detector M2 and M3.
  • this has the extended Linking logic VL means that when querying the individual detectors, ie when transferring information from the control center to the detector, after switching through using the switching transistor T in detector M2, there is no voltage or almost no voltage at detector M2 and thus on the entire detector primary line can be. This fact is determined by the voltage measuring device MU of the individual detectors.
  • the logic logic VL, expanded according to the invention, in the detector that was last active, here in detector M2, causes the switching transistor T to be opened again if, after a test time tp, which can be, for example, only one millisecond, the line voltage UL is too low, ie almost zero .
  • the other detectors do not change their behavior.
  • the logic logic VL In order to be able to interrogate the detectors after the line short, it is known per se to design the primary signal line as a loop and then to interrogate it from the other side.
  • the voltage measuring device and the switching transistors are the to design individual detectors so that the line voltage can be measured on both sides of the detector and that the switching transistor can block or pass a line current in both directions accordingly.
  • FIG. 4 shows a possible exemplary embodiment for the configuration of the extended logic logic VL.
  • the primary line ML arriving from the central station Z is connected to the line terminals LK1 (+) and LK2 (-), the outgoing signal line ML is connected to the terminals LK3 (+) and LK4 (-) and leads to the following detectors Mn.
  • the resistors R1 to R6 and the comparators K1 to K3 are used in accordance with a known pulse detector to monitor the line status, i.e. the line voltage UL, K1 distinguishing the start state, K2 the control state and K3 the query state from the idle state.
  • the measuring and control part MS which is not detailed here, and which supplies a step-by-step signal WS, a measuring pulse MI and a control signal (not shown) in a known manner.
  • the step-on signal WS directly switches the switching transistor T1.
  • the transistor T2 shown here is used to query the other direction in the event of a loop.
  • the transistor T2 is bridged, as indicated by the dashed line here, and can be regarded as non-existent for the moment.
  • the measuring pulse MI directly switches the transistor T3 and thus a known current pulse is caused on the signal line via the resistor R7.
  • the energy supply also takes place in a known manner via the diode D3 and the storage capacitor C.
  • the remaining parts are used for the short-circuit monitoring according to the invention, the short-circuit shutdown and the loop operation.
  • the monostable multivibrator MK1 ensures that the switching transistor T1 is switched through independently of a possible line short circuit K for the test time tp.
  • a permanent connection is caused by the bistable multivibrator BK, whose Output signal together with that from the monostable multivibrator MK via the OR gate OG1 to the switching transistor T1.
  • the bistable flip-flop BK can only be set by the relay signal WS if the line voltage UL is greater than the starting voltage US at the end of the test time tp, ie if there is no line short circuit K. This is achieved by the arrangement of the inverter I, the AND gate UG1 and the clock input TE from the bistable multivibrator BK.
  • the bistable flip-flop BK is not set in the event of a line short-circuit, i.e. there is no continuous through-connection, the monostable flip-flop MK2 is triggered via the AND gate UG2, a special one via the OR gate OG2, the transistor T3 and the resistor R7 Line pulse characterizing current pulse to send certain duration tk to the center Z, which unmistakably replaces the actually expected, but now absent pulse from the next detector behind the line short circuit. This current pulse is not generated if the line is disturbed by an interruption that is just as disruptive to the transmission instead of a short circuit, which makes it possible to distinguish between these two faults.
  • This circuit arrangement according to the invention can also be configured to be loopable, i.e. incoming and outgoing lines can be interchanged if the switching transistor T1 could block and conduct in both directions.
  • a switching transistor T1 is used, which, e.g. a Sipmos transistor, internally containing a diode D1, which prevents reverse blocking, while allowing conduction in both directions. Therefore, the second transistor T2 with internal diode D2 is inserted in the opposite direction to achieve the loop capability.

Abstract

Danger signal appliance on the principle of chain synchronisation, with a central unit (Z) having primary signal lines (ML), to which a plurality of alarms (Mn) are connected. Each alarm (M) has a voltage-measuring device (MU) monitoring the applied line voltage (UL), a following measuring and control device (MS), a following logic element (VL), an energy store (C) and a switch-through transistor (T or T1, T2). According to the invention, the logic element (VL) is extended in comparison with the logic element of previous alarms, in such a way that it can reopen the switch-through consistor (T; T1, T2) in the alarms last active, when the line voltage (UL) falls for a test time (tp) of predetermined duration below a specific value (UK or US) caused by a line short-circuit (K) located after the respective alarm. With the cyclic call-up each alarm switches through the switch-through transistor (T; T1, T2) for the test time (tp). This remains switched through when the line voltage (UL) is higher than the starting voltage (US). In the event of a line short-circuit (K), with the reopening of the switch-through transistor (T or T1, T2) a current pulse of specific duration (tk) can be emitted. The location of the line short-circuit (K) is determined from this in the central unit. <IMAGE>

Description

Die Erfindung bezieht sich auf eine Gefahrenmeldeanlage, die nach dem Pulsmeldesystem auf dem Prinzip der Kettensynchronisation arbeitet, mit einer Zentrale mit mehreren zweiadrigen Meldeprimärleitungen, an die kettenförmig eine Vielzahl von Meldern angeschlossen sind, die regelmäßig von der Zentrale aus zyklisch auf ihren jeweiligen analogen Meldermeßwert abgefragt werden, wobei jeder Melder eine Spannungsmeßeinrichtung, die die angelegte Linienspannung überwacht, eine nachgeschaltete Meßund Steuereinrichtung, eine nachgeschaltete Verknüpfungslogik, einen Energiespeicher und einen Durchschaltetransistor aufweist.The invention relates to a hazard detection system that works on the principle of chain synchronization according to the pulse detection system, with a control center with several two-wire primary reporting lines, to which a plurality of detectors are connected in a chain, which are regularly queried cyclically from the control center for their respective analog detector measurement value are, each detector having a voltage measuring device that monitors the applied line voltage, a downstream measuring and control device, a downstream logic logic, an energy store and a switching transistor.

Eine derartige Gefahrenmeldeanlage ist aus der DE-PS 25 33 382 bekannt. Bei dieser Gefahrenmeldeanlage, insbesondere Brandmeldeanlage, zur Übertragung von analogen Meldermeßwerten sind die einzelnen Melder kettenförmig an der Meldelinie angeschlossen. Dabei werden die Meßwerte der einzelnen Melder zyklisch von der Zentrale aus abgefragt und zur zentralen Auswerteeinrichtung gegeben, um dort daraus differenzierte Störungs- bzw. Alarmmeldungen aus den zu verknüpfenden Analogwerten zu gewinnen. Zu Beginn eines jeden Abfragezyklus werden alle Melder durch eine Spannungsänderung von der Meldelinie abgetrennt und dann in vorgegebener Reihenfolge in der Weise wieder angeschaltet, daß jeder Melder nach einer seinem Meßwert entsprechenden Zeitverzögerung mittels eines in einer der Adern der Meldelinie angeordneten Durchschaltetransistor den jeweils nachfolgenden Melder zusätzlich anschaltet. In der zentralen Auswerteeinrichtung wird die jeweilige Melderadresse aus der Zahl der vorhergehenden Erhöhungen des Linienstroms und der analoge Meßwert aus der Länge der betreffenden Schaltverzögerungen abgeleitet.Such a hazard alarm system is known from DE-PS 25 33 382. In this hazard alarm system, in particular fire alarm system, for the transmission of analog detector measured values, the individual detectors are connected in a chain to the detection line. The measured values of the individual detectors are queried cyclically from the control center and sent to the central evaluation device in order to obtain differentiated fault or alarm messages from the analog values to be linked. At the beginning of each interrogation cycle, all detectors are disconnected from the detection line by a voltage change and then switched on again in a predetermined order in such a way that each detector, after a time delay corresponding to its measured value, by means of a switching transistor arranged in one of the wires of the detection line, the subsequent detectors in addition turns on. In the central evaluation device, the respective detector address is derived from the number of previous increases in line current and the analog measured value from the length of the switching delays in question.

Bei derartigen Gefahrenmeldeanlagen werden Leitungsstörungen, wie Leitungsunterbrechung und Leitungskurzschluß, erkannt. Bei der Gefahrenmeldeanlage, die nach dem Pulsmeldesystem mit der Kettensynchronisation arbeitet, können die Melder, die zwischen der Zentrale und der Leitungsunterbrechung liegen, jederzeit weiter abgefragt und überwacht werden. Bei einem Leitungskurzschluß ist dies auf der gestörten Meldelinie nicht mehr möglich. Diese Melder bzw. der jeweilige Energiespeicher im einzelnen Melder kann dann auch nicht mehr mit genügend Energie versorgt werden.In such alarm systems, line faults such as line interruption and line short-circuit are recognized. In the case of the alarm system, which works with the chain synchronization according to the pulse detection system, the detectors located between the control center and the line interruption can be queried and monitored at any time. In the event of a line short circuit, this is no longer possible on the faulty detection line. This detector or the respective energy store in the individual detector can then no longer be supplied with sufficient energy.

Es wurde daher in der DE-PS 36 37 681 vorgeschlagen, bei Gefahrenmeldeanlagen der eingangs beschriebenen Art in der Meldelinie bzw. Meldeprimärleitung zusätzlich einen oder mehrere Kurzschlußseparatoren anzuordnen, die ähnlich wie die Melder aufgebaut sind und einen Durchschaltetransistor in einem der beiden Leitungsadern aufweisen, wobei bei Auftreten eines Leitungskurzschlusses, den die Zentrale bei der Abfrage erkennt, die Zentrale mit der nächsten Abfrage den oder die Kurzschlußseparatoren derart ansteuert, daß der Schalttransistor des Kurzschlußseparators nicht weiterschaltet. Diese zusätzliche Anordnung von eigenen Kurzschlußseparatoren und die eigene Ansteuerung derselben ist aufwendig und umständlich.It was therefore proposed in DE-PS 36 37 681 to additionally arrange one or more short-circuit separators in alarm systems of the type described at the outset in the alarm line or primary alarm line, which are similar to the detectors and have a switching transistor in one of the two line wires, whereby when a line short circuit occurs, which the center recognizes during the query, the center controls the short-circuit separator (s) with the next query such that the switching transistor of the short-circuit separator does not switch on. This additional arrangement of own short-circuit separators and their own control is complex and cumbersome.

In der EP 0 111 178 wurde bereits ein in den Melder integrierter Kurzschlußseparator vorgeschlagen, der mittels eines zusätzlichen Schalttransistors vor dem eigentlichen Durchschalten die Leitung mittels eines begrenzten Prüfstromes auf Kurzschluß prüft und die eigentliche Weiterschaltung nur dann zuläßt, wenn kein Kurzschluß vorliegt. Diese Anordnung hat neben dem erhöhten Aufwand durch den zusätzlichen Schalttransistor mit Strombegrenzung und zusätzliche Meßeinrichtungen den weiteren Nachteil, daß die Prüfung auf Kurzschluß vor dem eigentlichen Durchschalten eine relativ lange und von der Leitungskapazität abhängende unterschiedliche Prüfzeit benötigt, die sich zu der, den Meßwert kennzeichnenden, Schaltverzögerung addiert und diesen damit verfälscht. Diese Verfälschung ist möglicherweise für den Anmeldegegenstand der EP 0 111 178, in dem nur 3 Meßwerte unterschieden werden sollen nicht gravierend, wäre aber für ein analogwertübertragendes System in jedem Fall unzulässig groß.A short-circuit separator integrated in the detector has already been proposed in EP 0 111 178, which uses an additional switching transistor to test the line for short-circuit by means of a limited test current before the actual switching through and only allows the actual switching on if there is no short-circuit. In addition to the increased outlay due to the additional switching transistor with current limitation and additional measuring devices, this arrangement has the further disadvantage that the test for a short circuit before the actual switching takes place requires a relatively long, different test time depending on the line capacitance, which is different from the characteristic value Switching delay added and thus falsified. This falsification may be the subject of the application EP 0 111 178, in which only 3 measured values are to be distinguished, is not serious, but would in any case be impermissibly large for an analog value transmission system.

Es ist daher Aufgabe der Erfindung, ein sicheres und auch kurzschlußsicheres Übertragungssystem für Gefahrenmelder für derartige Gefahrenmeldeanlagen zu schaffen, welches ohne zusätzliche Steuer- oder Energieleitungen arbeitet und beim Auftreten eines Kurzschlusses ein weiteres Abfragen der Melder auf der Melderprimärleitung gestattet, ohne daß die Meßwerte verfälscht werden und ohne daß der Aufwand durch zusätzliche Meß- und Durchschalteeinrichtungen vergrößert wird.It is therefore an object of the invention to provide a safe and also short-circuit-proof transmission system for hazard detectors for such hazard alarm systems, which operates without additional control or energy lines and, in the event of a short circuit, permits further interrogation of the detectors on the primary detector line without the measured values being falsified and without the effort being increased by additional measuring and switching devices.

Diese Aufgabe wird erfindungsgemäß dadurch gelöst, daß die Verknüpfungslogik gegenüber der Logik bisheriger Melder derart erweitert ist, daß sie in dem zuletzt aktiven Melder den Durchschaltetransistor wieder zu öffnen vermag, wenn für eine Prüfzeit von vorgegebener Zeitdauer die Linienspannung unter einem bestimmten Wert, der von einem nach den betreffenden Melder befindlichen Leitungskurzschluß verursacht wird, liegt.This object is achieved in that the logic logic is expanded over the logic of previous detectors in such a way that it can open the switching transistor in the last active detector if the line voltage is below a certain value for a test time of a predetermined time cable short-circuit caused by the relevant detector is located.

Diese erfindungsgemäße kurzschlußsichere Übertragungseinrichtung ist Bestandteil eines Gefahrenmelders. Sie arbeitet völlig autarkt und erfordert keine komplexen Vorgänge in der Auswerteeinrichtung der Zentrale. Es wird aber der Zentrale der entdeckte Kurzschluß und der Ort des Kurzschlusses mitgeteilt. Dabei ist in vorteilhafter Weise lediglich der Melder mit einer erweiterten Verknüpfungslogik zu versehen, um die zusätzlichen Leistungseigenschaften zu erreichen.This short-circuit-proof transmission device according to the invention is part of a hazard detector. It works completely self-sufficient and does not require any complex processes in the evaluation facility at the head office. However, the control center is informed of the detected short circuit and the location of the short circuit. Advantageously, only the detector is to be provided with an expanded logic in order to achieve the additional performance characteristics.

In einer zweckmäßigen Ausgestaltung der Erfindung wird mit der zyklischen Abfrage für die Prüfzeit der Durchschaltetransistor durchgeschaltet und bleibt auch durchgeschaltet, wenn während dieser Zeit die Linienspannung größer als die Startspannung ist.In an expedient embodiment of the invention, the switching transistor is switched on with the cyclical query for the test time and also remains switched on if the line voltage is greater than the starting voltage during this time.

In einer vorteilhaften Ausgestaltung der Erfindung wird mit dem Wiederöffnen des Durchschaltetransistors im Falle eines aufgetretenen Leitungskurzschlusses ein Stromimpuls mit einer bestimmten Zeitdauer abgegeben, der es ermöglicht, in der Zentrale den Ort des Leitungskurzschlusses sicher zu ermitteln.In an advantageous embodiment of the invention, the re-opening of the switching transistor in the event of an occurrence Line short circuit emitted a current pulse with a certain period of time, which makes it possible to reliably determine the location of the line short circuit in the control center.

In einer vorteilhaften Ausgestaltung der Erfindung weist die erweiterte Verknüpfungslogik folgende Komponenten auf:

  • a) eine monostabile Kippstufe, die der im bekannten Melder ohnehin vorhandenen Meß- und Steuereinrichtung nachgeschaltet ist und in Abhängigkeit eines Weiterschaltsignals seitens der Meßund Steuereinrichtung über ein ODER-Gatter den Durchschaltetransistor ansteuert,
  • b) eine bistabile Kippstufe, die der monostabilen Kippstufe und der Meß-und Steuereinrichtung über ein UND-Gatter nachgeschaltet ist und in Abhängigkeit von der Linienspannung über das ODER-Gatter den Durchschaltetransistor ansteuert,
  • c) einen Inverter, der der Spannungsmeßeinrichtung nachgeschaltet ist und bei einer Linienspannung, die größer als die Startspannung ist, über das UND-Gatter ein Signal an den Takteingang der bistabilen Kippstufe gibt,
  • d) ein weiteres UND-Gatter und eine nachgeschaltete zweite monostabile Kippstufe, welche bei nichtgesetzter bistabiler Kippstufe nach Ablauf der Prüfzeit über ein zweites ODER-Gatter mittels der bekannten Zusatz-Stromimpulsschaltung eine Stromimpulsabgabe bestimmter Dauer veranlaßt.
In an advantageous embodiment of the invention, the expanded link logic has the following components:
  • a) a monostable multivibrator which is connected downstream of the measuring and control device already present in the known detector and which controls the switching transistor via an OR gate as a function of a switching signal on the part of the measuring and control device,
  • b) a bistable multivibrator which is connected downstream of the monostable multivibrator and the measuring and control device via an AND gate and which controls the switching transistor as a function of the line voltage via the OR gate,
  • c) an inverter which is connected downstream of the voltage measuring device and, at a line voltage which is greater than the starting voltage, gives a signal via the AND gate to the clock input of the bistable multivibrator,
  • d) a further AND gate and a downstream second monostable multivibrator which, when the bistable multivibrator is not set, causes a current pulse to be emitted for a specific duration after the test period has expired via a second OR gate by means of the known additional current pulse circuit.

Weitere Einzelheiten und Vorteile der Erfindung ergeben sich aus den Unteransprüchen und aus der Erläuterung an einem Ausführungsbeispiel.Further details and advantages of the invention result from the subclaims and from the explanation of an exemplary embodiment.

Im folgenden wird die Erfindung anhand der Zeichnungen kurz beschrieben. Dabei zeigen

FIG 1
eine bekannte Gefahrenmeldeanlage nach dem Pulsmeldesystem mit Kettensynchronisation,
FIG 2
schematisch einen Melder mit der erweiterten Verknüpfungslogik,
FIG 3
Spannungsdiagramme der Meldeprimärleitung und
FIG 4
ein Ausführungsbeispiel.
The invention is briefly described below with reference to the drawings. Show
FIG. 1
a known hazard detection system based on the pulse detection system with chain synchronization,
FIG 2
schematically a detector with the extended logic,
FIG 3
Voltage diagrams of the primary signal line and
FIG 4
an embodiment.

In FIG 1 ist schematisch eine Gefahrenmeldeanlage angedeutet mit einer Zentrale Z, an die hier nur eine Meldeprimärleitung ML angeschlossen ist. An dieser Meldeprimärleitung ML sind die einzelnen Melder M1 bis Mn in bekannter Weise angeschlossen. Zwischen dem Melder M2 und M3 ist ein Leitungskurzschluß K angedeutet. Auf der Meldeprimärleitung ML liegt die Linienspannung UL an und es fließen Linienströme IL.In Figure 1, a hazard alarm system is indicated schematically with a center Z, to which only one primary reporting line ML is connected. The individual detectors M1 to Mn are connected in a known manner to this primary signal line ML. A line short K is indicated between the detectors M2 and M3. The line voltage UL is present on the signaling primary line ML and line currents IL flow.

Gemäß FIG 2 ist der Melder für das Pulsmeldesystem mit einer Verknüpfungslogik VL ausgestattet, die gegenüber der bekannten Logik im Melder erweitert ist. Der Melder M weist eine Spannungsmeßeinrichtung MU auf, mit der die Linienspannung UL überwacht wird und die Verknüpfungslogik VL beeinflußt, die weitere Signale vom Sensorteil S des Melders erhält. Die Verknüpfungslogik VL beeinflußt einerseits die Steuereinrichtung ST, die den Linienstrom IL moduliert, so daß hierdurch die Datenübertragung vom Melder M zur Zentrale Z erfolgt. Andererseits schaltet die Verknüpfungslogik VL den Durchschaltetransistor T, der zur gegebenen Zeit die Meldeleitung ML zum nächsten Melder durchschaltet. In bekannter Weise ist auch ein Kondensator C als Energiespeicher vorgesehen, der zeitweise von der Linie gespeist und geladen wird und in den Zwischenzeiten, wenn die Melder von der Zentrale, bei der Startspannung US gleich Null, getrennt sind, mit Energie versorgt.According to FIG 2, the detector for the pulse detection system is equipped with a logic logic VL, which is expanded compared to the known logic in the detector. The detector M has a voltage measuring device MU, with which the line voltage UL is monitored and influences the logic logic VL, which receives further signals from the sensor part S of the detector. The logic logic VL influences on the one hand the control device ST, which modulates the line current IL, so that this results in the data transmission from the detector M to the control center Z. On the other hand, the logic logic VL switches the switching transistor T, which switches the signaling line ML to the next detector at the given time. In a known manner, a capacitor C is also provided as an energy store, which is temporarily fed and charged by the line and which supplies energy in the meantime when the detectors are separated from the control center when the starting voltage US equals zero.

In FIG 3 ist jeweils über der Zeit t die Linienspannung UL hier beispielshaft für die Melder M1, M2 und M3 aufgetragen. Die Ruhespannung UR kann beispielsweise 24 Volt betragen. In ungestörtem Zustand wird mit dieser Ruhespannung der jeweilige Energiespeicher C der einzelne Melder mit Energie versorgt und aufgeladen. Die Startspannung US ist Null, die Abfragespannung UA kann beispielsweise 16 Volt betragen. Es ist nun angenommen, daß zwischen dem Melder M2 und M3 der Leitungskurzschluß K liegt. Dies hat bei der erfindungsgemäßen Ausgestaltung der erweiterten Verknüpfungslogik VL zur Folge, daß bei der Abfrage der einzelnen Melder, d.h. bei der Informationsübertragung von der Zentrale zum Melder, nach dem Durchschalten mittels des Durchschaltetransistors T im Melder M2 keine oder annähernd keine Spannung mehr an dem Melder M2 und damit auf der ganzen Melderprimärleitung vorhanden sein kann. Diese Tatsache wird von der Spannungsmeßeinrichtung MU der einzelnen Melder festgestellt. Die erfindungsgemäß erweiterte Verknüpfungslogik VL veranlaßt im zuletzt aktiv gewesenen Melder, hier im Melder M2, daß der Durchschaltetransistor T wieder geöffnet wird, wenn nach einer Prüfzeit tp, die beispielsweise nur eine Millisekunden betragen kann, die Linienspannung UL zu klein, d.h. nahezu Null, ist. Die anderen Melder dagegen ändern ihr Verhalten nicht. Wie in der FIG 3 gestrichelt angedeutet ist, liegt dann am Melder M3 und den nachfolgenden Meldern, also der weiteren Linie, nur noch eine Spannung UL von 0 Volt, die im allgemeinen der Startspannung US entspricht. Vor dem Kurzschluß K jedoch besteht der normale Spannungsverlauf, so daß eine einwandfreie Datenübertragung von und zu diesen Meldern erfolgen kann, sowie auch deren Energieversorgung gesichert ist. Es ist besonders vorteilhaft, die Prüfzeit tp so kurz zu gestalten, daß sie auf einfache Weise von der Startzeit ts unterscheidbar ist und somit einfach in der Verknüpfungslogik VL realisiert werden kann, wie dies an einem Ausführungsbeispiel gemäß der FIG 4 realisiert ist.In FIG 3, the line voltage UL is plotted here for the detectors M1, M2 and M3, respectively, over the time t. The open circuit voltage UR can be, for example, 24 volts. In the undisturbed state, the respective energy store C of the individual detector is supplied with energy and charged with this rest voltage. The start voltage US is zero, the query voltage UA can be 16 volts, for example. It is now assumed that the line short-circuit K lies between the detector M2 and M3. In the embodiment according to the invention, this has the extended Linking logic VL means that when querying the individual detectors, ie when transferring information from the control center to the detector, after switching through using the switching transistor T in detector M2, there is no voltage or almost no voltage at detector M2 and thus on the entire detector primary line can be. This fact is determined by the voltage measuring device MU of the individual detectors. The logic logic VL, expanded according to the invention, in the detector that was last active, here in detector M2, causes the switching transistor T to be opened again if, after a test time tp, which can be, for example, only one millisecond, the line voltage UL is too low, ie almost zero . The other detectors, on the other hand, do not change their behavior. As indicated by dashed lines in FIG. 3, there is then only a voltage UL of 0 volts at the detector M3 and the subsequent detectors, ie the further line, which generally corresponds to the starting voltage US. Before the short circuit K, however, there is the normal voltage curve, so that perfect data transmission from and to these detectors can take place, and their energy supply is also secured. It is particularly advantageous to make the test time tp so short that it can be easily distinguished from the start time ts and thus can be easily implemented in the logic logic VL, as is realized in an exemplary embodiment according to FIG. 4.

Für den sicheren Betrieb der erfindungsgemäßen Anordnung mit Energieversorgung über die eine Meldeprimärleitung ist es vorteilhaft, die Verknüpfungslogik VL derart auszubilden, daß der Durchschaltetransistor T erst durchschaltet, wenn im Energiespeicher C genügend Energie gespeichert ist. Dann nämlich toleriert diese Anordnung nicht nur einen während des Betriebs auftretenden Leitungskurzschluß, sondern sie läßt sich sogar bei einem Leitungskurzschluß erstmalig auch einschalten. Um auch die nach dem Leitungskurzschluß befindlichen Melder abfragen zu können, ist es an sich bekannt, die Meldeprimärleitung als Schleife auszubilden und dann von der anderen Seite her abzufragen. Dabei sind die Spannungsmeßeinrichtung und die Durchschaltetransistoren der einzelnen Melder so auszubilden, daß die Linienspannung auf beiden Seiten des Melders gemessen werden kann, und daß der Schalttransistor einen Linienstrom in beiden Richtungen entsprechend sperren oder durchlassen kann.For the safe operation of the arrangement according to the invention with energy supply via the one primary signal line, it is advantageous to design the logic logic VL in such a way that the switching transistor T only switches through when sufficient energy is stored in the energy store C. Then this arrangement not only tolerates a line short circuit occurring during operation, but it can also be switched on for the first time even in the event of a line short circuit. In order to be able to interrogate the detectors after the line short, it is known per se to design the primary signal line as a loop and then to interrogate it from the other side. The voltage measuring device and the switching transistors are the to design individual detectors so that the line voltage can be measured on both sides of the detector and that the switching transistor can block or pass a line current in both directions accordingly.

In der FIG 4 ist ein mögliches Ausführungsbeispiel für die Ausgestaltung der erweiterten Verknüpfungslogik VL gezeigt. Die von der Zentrale Z ankommende Primärleitung ML ist an den Leitungsklemmen LK1 (+) und LK2 (-), die abgehende Meldeleitung ML ist an den Klemmen LK3 (+) und LK4 (-) angeschlossen und führt zu den nachfolgenden Meldern Mn. Die Widerstände R1 bis R6 und die Komparatoren K1 bis K3 dienen entsprechend einem bekannten Impulsmelder der Überwachung des Leitungszustandes, d.h. der Linienspannung UL, wobei K1 den Start-, K2 den Steuer- und K3 den Abfrage-Zustand vom Ruhezustand unterscheiden.FIG. 4 shows a possible exemplary embodiment for the configuration of the extended logic logic VL. The primary line ML arriving from the central station Z is connected to the line terminals LK1 (+) and LK2 (-), the outgoing signal line ML is connected to the terminals LK3 (+) and LK4 (-) and leads to the following detectors Mn. The resistors R1 to R6 and the comparators K1 to K3 are used in accordance with a known pulse detector to monitor the line status, i.e. the line voltage UL, K1 distinguishing the start state, K2 the control state and K3 the query state from the idle state.

Sie steuern das im einzelnen hier nicht ausgeführte Meß- und Steuerteil MS, welches in bekannter Weise ein Weiterschaltesignal WS, einen Meßimpuls MI sowie ein nicht dargestelltes Steuersignal liefert. Im bekannten Pulsmelder schaltet das Weiterschaltesignal WS direkt den Durchschaltetransistor T1. Der hier noch dargestellte Transistor T2 dient der Abfrage von der anderen Richtung im Falle einer Schleife. Der Transistor T2 ist - wie hier gestrichelt angedeutet ist - überbrückt und kann für den Augenblick als nicht vorhanden betrachtet werden. Der Meßimpuls MI schaltet direkt den Transistor T3 und somit wird über den Widerstand R7 ein bekannter Stromimpuls auf der Meldeleitung verursacht. Die Energieversorgung geschieht ebenfalls in bekannter Weise über die Diode D3 und dem Speicherkondensator C. Die übrigen Teile dienen der erfindungsgemäßen Kurzschlußüberwachung, der Kurzschlußabschaltung und dem Schleifenbetrieb.They control the measuring and control part MS, which is not detailed here, and which supplies a step-by-step signal WS, a measuring pulse MI and a control signal (not shown) in a known manner. In the known pulse detector, the step-on signal WS directly switches the switching transistor T1. The transistor T2 shown here is used to query the other direction in the event of a loop. The transistor T2 is bridged, as indicated by the dashed line here, and can be regarded as non-existent for the moment. The measuring pulse MI directly switches the transistor T3 and thus a known current pulse is caused on the signal line via the resistor R7. The energy supply also takes place in a known manner via the diode D3 and the storage capacitor C. The remaining parts are used for the short-circuit monitoring according to the invention, the short-circuit shutdown and the loop operation.

Die monostabile Kippstufe MK1 sorgt dafür, daß der Durchschaltetransistor T1 unabhängig von einem evtl. Leitungskurzschluß K für die Prüfzeit tp durchgeschaltet wird. Eine dauernde Durchschaltung wird von der bistabilen Kippstufe BK veranlaßt, deren Ausgangssignal zusammen mit dem von der monostabilen Kippstufe MK über das ODER-Gatter OG1 dem Durchschaltetransistor T1 angeboten wird. Die bistabile Kippstufe BK kann von dem Weiterschaltesignal WS aber nur gesetzt werden, wenn mit Ablauf der Prüfzeit tp die Linienspannung UL größer als die Startspannung US ist, d.h. wenn kein Leitungskurzschluß K vorhanden ist. Dies wird durch die Anordnung des Inverters I, des UND-Gatters UG1 und des Takteingangs TE von der bistabilen Kippstufe BK erreicht. Falls die bistabile Kippstufe BK im Falle eines Leitungskurzschlusses nicht gesetzt wird, eine dauernde Durchschaltung also unterbleibt, wird über das UND-Gatter UG2 die monostabile Kippstufe MK2 veranlaßt, über das ODER-Gatter OG2, den Transistor T3 und den Widerstand R7 einen speziellen, den Leitungskurzschluß kennzeichnenden Stromimpuls bestimmte Dauer tk zur Zentrale Z zu senden, der den eigentlich erwarteten, jetzt aber entfallenden Impuls vom hinter dem Leitungskurzschluß liegenden nächsten Melder unverwechselbar ersetzt. Dieser Stromimpuls wird nicht erzeugt, wenn die Leitung durch eine die Übertragung genauso störende Unterbrechung statt durch einen Kurzschluß gestört ist, wodurch die Unterscheidung dieser beiden Fehlerfälle möglich wird.The monostable multivibrator MK1 ensures that the switching transistor T1 is switched through independently of a possible line short circuit K for the test time tp. A permanent connection is caused by the bistable multivibrator BK, whose Output signal together with that from the monostable multivibrator MK via the OR gate OG1 to the switching transistor T1. The bistable flip-flop BK can only be set by the relay signal WS if the line voltage UL is greater than the starting voltage US at the end of the test time tp, ie if there is no line short circuit K. This is achieved by the arrangement of the inverter I, the AND gate UG1 and the clock input TE from the bistable multivibrator BK. If the bistable flip-flop BK is not set in the event of a line short-circuit, i.e. there is no continuous through-connection, the monostable flip-flop MK2 is triggered via the AND gate UG2, a special one via the OR gate OG2, the transistor T3 and the resistor R7 Line pulse characterizing current pulse to send certain duration tk to the center Z, which unmistakably replaces the actually expected, but now absent pulse from the next detector behind the line short circuit. This current pulse is not generated if the line is disturbed by an interruption that is just as disruptive to the transmission instead of a short circuit, which makes it possible to distinguish between these two faults.

Diese erfindungsgemäße Schaltungsanordnung ist auch schleifenfähig ausgestaltbar, d.h. es können kommende und gehende Leitungen vertauscht werden, wenn der Durchschaltetransistor T1 in beiden Richtungen sperren und leiten könnte. In der FIG 4 ist jedoch ein Schalttransistor T1 verwendet, der wie z.B. ein Sipmos-Transistor, intern eine Diode D1 enthält, die ein Sperren in der Rückwärtsrichtung verhindert, während das Leiten in beiden Richtungen möglich bleibt. Deshalb ist zur Erzielung der Schleifenfähigkeit der zweite Transistor T2 mit interner Diode D2 in umgekehrter Richtung eingefügt.This circuit arrangement according to the invention can also be configured to be loopable, i.e. incoming and outgoing lines can be interchanged if the switching transistor T1 could block and conduct in both directions. In FIG 4, however, a switching transistor T1 is used, which, e.g. a Sipmos transistor, internally containing a diode D1, which prevents reverse blocking, while allowing conduction in both directions. Therefore, the second transistor T2 with internal diode D2 is inserted in the opposite direction to achieve the loop capability.

Claims (8)

  1. Alarm signalling system, which works according to the pulse signalling system employing the chain synchronisation principle, having a central station (Z) with a plurality of two-wire primary alarm lines (ML), connected to which in each case in the form of a chain are a multiplicity of detectors (Mn) that are regularly polled cyclically from the central station (Z) for their respective analog detector measured value, each detector (M) having a voltage measuring means (MU) which monitors the line voltage (UL) applied, a downstream measuring and control means (MS), a downstream logic circuit (VL), an energy store (C) and a switching transistor (T or T1, T2), characterised in that the logic circuit (VL) is extended with respect to the logic of previous detectors in such a way that it is able to open the switching transistor (T; T1, T2) again in the last active detector when the line voltage (UL) falls below a given value (UK or US), which is caused by a line short-circuit (K) located in the respective detector, for a test time (tp) of predetermined duration.
  2. Alarm signalling system according to Claim 1, characterised in that, upon the cyclical polling of each detector for the test time (tp), the switching transistor (T; T1, T2) switches through, and remains switched through if the line voltage (UL) is greater than the start voltage (US).
  3. Alarm signalling system according to Claim 1 or 2, characterised in that in the event of a line short-circuit (K), upon the re-opening of the switching transistor (T or T1, T2), a current pulse of a given duration (tk) is output and the location of the line short-circuit (K) is determined therefrom in the central station.
  4. Alarm signalling system according to one of the preceding claims, characterised in that the extended logic circuit (VL) is designed in such a way that it is only able to switch through the switching transistor when the energy store (C) has enough energy.
  5. Alarm signalling system according to one of the preceding claims, characterised in that the extended logic circuit (VL) has the following components:
    a) a monostable flip-flop (MK1) which is connected downstream of the measuring and control means (MS) and drives the switching transistor (T1) via an OR gate (OG1) depending on a step-on signal (WS) from the measuring and control device (MS);
    b) a bistable flip-flop (BK) which is connected downstream of the monostable flip-flop (MK1) and the measuring and control means (MS) via an AND gate (UG1) and drives the switching transistor (T1) via the OR gate (OG1) depending on the line voltage (UL);
    c) an inverter (IN) which is connected downstream of the voltage measuring means (MU) and which outputs a signal to the clock input (TE) of the bistable flip-flop (BK) via the AND gate (UG1) in the event of a line voltage (UL) greater than the start voltage (US);
    d) a further AND gate (UG2) and a downstream second monostable flip-flop (MK2) which initiate a current pulse output of given duration (tk) if the bistable flip-flop (BK) is not set after expiry of the test time (tp) via a second OR gate (OG2) by means of the known additional current pulse circuit (T3, R7).
  6. Alarm signalling system according to one of the preceding claims, characterised in that the test time (tp) is shorter than the usual start time (ts).
  7. Alarm signalling system according to one of the preceding claims, characterised in that the test time (tp) is shorter than the shortest delay time (tv) for the switch-through.
  8. Alarm signalling system according to one of the preceding claims, characterised in that each primary alarm line (ML) is connected as a loop to the central station (Z) and can be operated from both sides, and in that the voltage measuring means (MU) and the switching transistor (T or T1, T2) of each detector are designed so that they can be operated bidirectionally, the respective primary alarm line (ML) being polled in each case from the one and from the other side in the event of a line short-circuit (K) occurring.
EP89111117A 1988-06-23 1989-06-19 Danger signal appliance Expired - Lifetime EP0347806B1 (en)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AT89111117T ATE85719T1 (en) 1988-06-23 1989-06-19 EMERGENCY ALERT SYSTEM.

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE3821269 1988-06-23
DE3821269 1988-06-23

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EP0347806A1 EP0347806A1 (en) 1989-12-27
EP0347806B1 true EP0347806B1 (en) 1993-02-10

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EP89111117A Expired - Lifetime EP0347806B1 (en) 1988-06-23 1989-06-19 Danger signal appliance

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ES2062281T3 (en) * 1990-07-26 1994-12-16 Siemens Ag INSTALLATION OF DANGER NOTICE.
DE102010047227B3 (en) * 2010-10-04 2012-03-01 Hekatron Vertriebs Gmbh Hazard detector, hazard alarm system and method for detecting line faults
EP3811348A1 (en) 2018-06-21 2021-04-28 Autronica Fire & Security AS System and method for startup of a detector loop

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DE2533382C2 (en) * 1975-07-25 1980-07-03 Siemens Ag, 1000 Berlin Und 8000 Muenchen Method and device for the transmission of measured values in a fire alarm system
DE3374241D1 (en) * 1982-11-23 1987-12-03 Cerberus Ag Control device with several detectors connected in chain form to a signal line
DE3637681A1 (en) * 1986-11-05 1988-05-19 Siemens Ag Alarm signalling system according to the pulse signalling system

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EP0347806A1 (en) 1989-12-27
ATE85719T1 (en) 1993-02-15

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