EP0340859B1 - Kessel - Google Patents

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Publication number
EP0340859B1
EP0340859B1 EP89201098A EP89201098A EP0340859B1 EP 0340859 B1 EP0340859 B1 EP 0340859B1 EP 89201098 A EP89201098 A EP 89201098A EP 89201098 A EP89201098 A EP 89201098A EP 0340859 B1 EP0340859 B1 EP 0340859B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
boiler
combustion chamber
combustion
passage opening
air supply
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
EP89201098A
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP0340859A1 (de
Inventor
Johannes Hubertus Van Breukelen
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Machinefabriek G van der Ploeg BV
Original Assignee
Machinefabriek G van der Ploeg BV
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Machinefabriek G van der Ploeg BV filed Critical Machinefabriek G van der Ploeg BV
Priority to AT89201098T priority Critical patent/ATE80931T1/de
Publication of EP0340859A1 publication Critical patent/EP0340859A1/de
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0340859B1 publication Critical patent/EP0340859B1/de
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23B—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR COMBUSTION USING ONLY SOLID FUEL
    • F23B5/00—Combustion apparatus with arrangements for burning uncombusted material from primary combustion
    • F23B5/04—Combustion apparatus with arrangements for burning uncombusted material from primary combustion in separate combustion chamber; on separate grate

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a boiler as specified in the heading to claim 1.
  • the second combustion chamber thus acts in principle in the manner of a cyclone.
  • the boiler is embodied such that cool air can flow along the cylinders. The air heats up as a result and the heated air can be used for any random heating purpose.
  • a drawback of this boiler is that its manufacture is relatively complicated and its capacity is comparatively limited, since air is used as the heat transporting medium.
  • the invention has for its object to improve a boiler of the above type such that it acquires a greater application potential as a result of a simpler construction.
  • the supplied additional air is colder and therefore heavier than the combustion gases and is forced as a result of the generated centrifugal forces outward against the wall of the second combustion chamber.
  • the thermal loading of the wall of the second combustion chamber consequently remains limited and the heat transfer can take place gradually over the whole surface area of the second combustion chamber.
  • the flammable material is in preference directly burnt on the bottom of the combustion chamber.
  • Primary combustion air is supplied through an air supply pipe arranged just above the bottom and provided with small outflow openings.
  • the ash of the combustion material attains a fluidised state, which is a very suitable state for a good combustion and gasification.
  • Flowing above the furnace hearth is extra air which has a cooling effect.
  • the temperature of the furnace hearth can if required be held at a low value. This occurs in particular when the material for combustion contains heavy metals and it is desirable that these remain behind in the ash. Because of the relatively low temperature these heavy metals will not vapourize.
  • the temperature will however be such that hydrocarbons are broken down and it will therefore be possible for them to be completely burned in the second combustion chamber.
  • Particles of flammable material carried along in the combustion gases burn up entirely in the second combustion chamber. It has been found that only minimal quantities of inflammable material reach the second combustion chamber. As a result of the centrifugal force field these solid particles are deposited on the wall of the second combustion chamber.
  • the boiler according to the invention thus combines a simple construction with the possibility of a very complete combustion and minimal contamination of the exhaust gases. It has been found in the case of one embodiment that the content of carbon monoxide, nitrous oxides, unburnt hydrocarbons and dust in the combustion gases is minimal and lies well below the legally established requirements for these materials.
  • Designated in claims 2-7 are steps which have been found to result in a very good operation of the boiler according to the invention.
  • a favourable further development of the boiler according to the invention is characterized in claim 8.
  • a maximum temperature indicates that the correct amount of additional air is being supplied.
  • An excessive or deficient amount both result in a temperature lower than the maximum.
  • the boiler embodied in this way thus achieves a maximum output.
  • the boiler according to the invention is very suitable for embodiment as hot water or steam boiler.
  • the coaxially arranged first and second combustion chambers thereby form in a favourable manner the fire tube of such a boiler. Because of the previously noted small heat loading of the walls of both the first and second combustion chamber, ordinary structural steel can be used.
  • Fig. 1 is a partly broken away lengthwise section of a boiler according to the invention as a steam boiler.
  • Fig. 2 is a partly broken away perspective view of the boiler from fig. 1.
  • the steam boiler 1 comprises in the usual manner a water jacket 2 and a fire tube 3.
  • a first combustion chamber 4 and a second combustion chamber 5 are formed in coaxial connection in the fire tube 3.
  • These two combustion chambers 4, 5 are separated from one another by a dividing wall 6 which comprises a tangential passage opening 7 in the upper portion.
  • a discharge chamber 10 Connecting onto the second combustion chamber 5 via a second dividing wall 8 is a discharge chamber 10.
  • the second dividing wall 8 is provided with a central passage opening 9 bounded by a cylindrical tube wall portion 19.
  • an air supply pipe 11 Debouching into the discharge chamber 10 opposite the central passage opening 9 is an air supply pipe 11. This latter has a smaller diameter than the passage opening 9 and the diameter of the air supply pipe 11 preferably amounts to half that of the passage opening 9.
  • the quantity of additional air supplied via the air supply pipe 11 is controlled with a control valve 28 arranged in this pipe 11.
  • the discharge chamber 10 is embodied as a return flow chamber and leads to smoke tubes 12 debouching on the periphery thereof. These smoke tubes 12 guide hot combustion gases out of the return flow chamber 10 to the forward side of boiler 1 where these smoke tubes 12 run out into a discharge duct 13. This discharge duct 13 connects via an exhaust fan 14 driven by a motor 16 onto a flue tube 15.
  • the boiler 1 is further provided in per se known manner with fittings for connection of mains water and steam lines.
  • Fuel 21 can be introduced into the first combustion chamber 4 via a free intake opening 20 in the front wall of the boiler 1.
  • a great variety of materials can serve as fuel. Waste substances in particular can be burned in suitable manner using the boiler according to the invention.
  • an ash layer 22 is created at the bottom of the combustion chamber 4.
  • an air pipe 23 provided with a large number of outflow openings protrudes into the first combustion chamber 4.
  • a fan 24 connected to this pipe 23 supplies primary combustion air via the outflow openings in the pipe 23.
  • the ash layer 22 is brought into fluidised state by the outflowing air, as a result of which all the flammable parts are provided with sufficient oxygen to be broken down completely.
  • Completely burnt up ash 22 flows at the forward side of the fire tube 3 below a baffle wall 29 and over an overflow wall 30 onto an ash discharge belt 31. In this way a constant level of the ash layer is maintained in the first combustion chamber 4.
  • the fuel 21 can be introduced into combustion chamber 4 either by means of a conveyor or manually. When a conveyor is used it can in a favourable manner also perform the function of keeping the layer of flammable material in loose state. Blades arranged for instance on the conveyor can "plough up" this layer at regular intervals. The disadvantageous effects of the tendency of some fuels to form a crust are eliminated as a result.
  • the fans 24 and 14 are adjusted such that the primary combustion air supplied via the distributor pipe 23 and the additional air drawn in via the intake opening 20 are insufficient to bring about perfect combustion of the fuel.
  • the temperature in the first combustion chamber remains relatively low as a result. Any heavy metals that may be present in the fuel 21 consequently do not vapourize but remain behind in the ash 22.
  • the additional air flowing in via the intake opening 20 moreover has a cooling function, causing the temperature to remain relatively low.
  • a temperature sensor 33 is arranged at the location where in practical tests the highest temperature has been found to occur.
  • This sensor 33 is coupled to a control device 32 which actuates a control valve 28 in the additional air supply pipe 11.
  • the control device actuates the control valve 28 such that a maximum temperature occurs at the location of sensor 33.
  • Sensor 33 protrudes slightly from the wall of combustion chamber 5 so that the actual temperature in the combustion is determined and not that of the cooler air around it.
  • the first dividing wall 6 can be formed in a favourable manner from a disc of sheet steel which is provided at the top with an incision extending from the edge to the central point.
  • the portions of the disc on either side of the incision are deflected away from one another so that in between them the tangential opening 7 is formed and the adjoining portions define the walls of a partly helical channel.
  • Good tangential admittance of the gas flow into the second combustion chamber 5 is achieved as a result.
  • the two portions of the disc close to the incision are preferably deflected away from one another over a distance equal to a third of the diameter of the fire tube 3.
  • the tangential opening 7 thus obtains a suitable section.
  • a favourable ratio of the diameter of the central passage opening 9 to the diameter of the fire tube 3 can be selected of 1:2.
  • the rear wall 34 of the discharge chamber 10 is formed in favourable manner as a removable cover in order to be able to clean discharge chamber 10 and the second combustion chamber 5 of ash remnants.
  • the invention is not limited to the embodiment of a two-draught steam boiler shown in the figures.
  • Single draught or for instance three-draught boilers can likewise be embodied in suitable manner as according to the invention.
  • two fire tubes can be employed which are formed substantially identical to one another.
  • the stated dimensionings indicate preferences which have been found to result in a good operation of the boiler. The invention is not however limited to these dimensionings.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Fluidized-Bed Combustion And Resonant Combustion (AREA)
  • Combustion Of Fluid Fuel (AREA)
  • Fire-Extinguishing Compositions (AREA)
  • Seasonings (AREA)
  • Solid-Fuel Combustion (AREA)

Claims (11)

  1. Boiler (1) zum Entziehen thermischer Energie aus entflammbarem Material durch Verbrennen, mit einem Abgaskanal (13) mit einer Abgasvorrichtung (14), die an einer Auslaßseite des Kanals (13) angeschlossen ist, einer ersten zylindrischen Verbrennungskammer (4) nahe der Einlaßseite des Kanals, einer zweiten zylindrischen Verbrennungskammer (5), die an die erste Verbrennungskammer (4) über einen Anschlußkanalteil angeschlossen ist, wobei der Anschlußkanalteil tangential in die zweite Verbrennungskammer (5) mündet, und zusätzlichen Luftzuführmitteln zum Zuführen zusätzlicher Verbrennungsluft in die zweite Verbrennungskammer (5), wobei die erste und die zweite Verbrennungskammer (4, 5) koaxial aneinander angeschlossen sind und voneinander durch eine erste Trennwand (6) getrennt sind, die im oberen Teil eine tangentiale Durchgangsöffnung (7) aufweist, wobei eine Auslaßkammer (10) mit einem Auslaß am Umfang über eine zweite Trennwand (8) mit einer zentralen Durchgangsöffnung (9) an die zweite Verbrennungskammer (5) angeschlossen ist und die zusätzlichen Luftzuführmittel ein Luftzuführrohr (11) aufweisen, das in die Auslaßkammer (10) im Abstand von der zentralen Durchgangsöffnung (9) und dieser gegenüberliegend mündet und einen kleineren Durchmesser als die Durchgangsöffnung (9) hat.
  2. Boiler nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die zentrale Durchgangsöffnung (9) von einer zylindrischen Wand (19) umgrenzt ist.
  3. Boiler nach Anspruch 1 oder 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß der Durchmesser der zentralen Durchgangsöffnung (9) im wesentlichen der Hälfte des Durchmessers der zweiten Verbrennungskammer (5) entspricht.
  4. Boiler nach einem der vorangehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß der Durchmesser des Luftzuführrohres (11) im wesentlichen der Hälfte des Durchmessers der zentralen Durchgangsöffnung (9) entricht.
  5. Boiler nach einem der vorangehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß das Luftzuführrohr (11) in einem Abstand von größenordnungsmäßig 20 cm von der zentralen Durchgangsöffnung (9) mündet.
  6. Boiler nach einem der vorangehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die erste Trennwand (6) von einer Scheibe gebildet wird, die in ihrem oberen Teil einen radialen Einschnitt aufweist, wobei die Scheibenabschnitte, die an den Einschnitt angrenzen, zu beiden Seiten aus ihrer Ebene herausgebogen sind.
  7. Boiler nach Anspruch 6, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Abschnitte der Scheibe nahe des Außendurchmessers über eine Strecke hin auseinandergebogen sind, die im wesentlichen einem Drittel des Durchmessers der ersten Verbrennungskammer (4) entspricht.
  8. Boiler nach einem der vorangehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß ein Temperaturfühler (33) in der zweiten Verbrennungskammer (5) angeordnet ist, daß ein Steuerventil (28) in dem Luftzuführrohr (11) aufgenommen ist und daß eine Steuervorrichtung (32) mit einem Eingang an den Temperaturfühler (33) und mit einem Ausgang an das Steuerventil (28) zum Maximieren der Temperatur angeschlossen ist.
  9. Boiler nach Anspruch 8, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß das Steuerventil (28) ein Membranventil ist.
  10. Boiler nach einem der vorangehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Verbrennungskammern (4, 5) in dem Feuerrohr (3) eines Heißwasser- oder Dampfboilers (1) ausgebildet sind und daß die Auslaßkammer (10) an der Rückwand desselben ausgebildet ist.
  11. Boiler nach Anspruch 10, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß der Boiler (1) Rauchgasrohre (12) enthält und die Auslaßkammer (10) eine Rückflußkammer bildet, die das Feuerrohr (3) an die Rauchgasrohre (12) anschließt.
EP89201098A 1988-04-29 1989-04-27 Kessel Expired - Lifetime EP0340859B1 (de)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AT89201098T ATE80931T1 (de) 1988-04-29 1989-04-27 Kessel.

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
NL8801131 1988-04-29
NL8801131A NL8801131A (nl) 1988-04-29 1988-04-29 Verbrandingsketel.

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0340859A1 EP0340859A1 (de) 1989-11-08
EP0340859B1 true EP0340859B1 (de) 1992-09-23

Family

ID=19852232

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP89201098A Expired - Lifetime EP0340859B1 (de) 1988-04-29 1989-04-27 Kessel

Country Status (6)

Country Link
EP (1) EP0340859B1 (de)
AT (1) ATE80931T1 (de)
DE (1) DE68902948T2 (de)
ES (1) ES2035524T3 (de)
GR (1) GR3006219T3 (de)
NL (1) NL8801131A (de)

Families Citing this family (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE4033406A1 (de) * 1990-10-20 1992-04-23 Hoval Interliz Ag Verfahren und vorrichtung zum verfeuern von holzschnitzeln und holzspaenen unter bildung schadstoffarmer abgase bei gleitend regelbarer feuerungsleistung
DE4125047A1 (de) * 1991-07-29 1993-02-04 Paul Christian Vorrichtung zur heissgasmischung und staubreduzierung in brennkammern
DE19743338A1 (de) * 1997-09-30 1999-04-01 Koeb & Schaefer Kg Feuerungsanlage

Family Cites Families (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB196174A (en) * 1922-04-04 1923-04-19 Percy St George Kirke Improvements in steam generators
CA1180954A (en) * 1980-12-09 1985-01-15 Kiyomi Okada Combustion apparatus for granular solid fuel
GB2134813B (en) * 1983-02-11 1986-07-02 Coal Ind Cleaning gas from a fluidised bedcombustor
US4515089A (en) * 1984-02-23 1985-05-07 Sunburst Laboratories, Inc. Incinerator having kinetic venturi isothermic grid burner system
GB8710462D0 (en) * 1987-05-01 1987-06-03 Willis Associates Ltd Combustion of organic matter

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
DE68902948D1 (en) 1992-10-29
ES2035524T3 (es) 1993-04-16
DE68902948T2 (de) 1993-04-22
NL8801131A (nl) 1989-11-16
ATE80931T1 (de) 1992-10-15
GR3006219T3 (de) 1993-06-21
EP0340859A1 (de) 1989-11-08

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