EP0339499A2 - Supervision device for the burner plate operation of a panel burner - Google Patents
Supervision device for the burner plate operation of a panel burner Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP0339499A2 EP0339499A2 EP89107176A EP89107176A EP0339499A2 EP 0339499 A2 EP0339499 A2 EP 0339499A2 EP 89107176 A EP89107176 A EP 89107176A EP 89107176 A EP89107176 A EP 89107176A EP 0339499 A2 EP0339499 A2 EP 0339499A2
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- burner
- burner plate
- mixture
- outlet openings
- electrode
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
Images
Classifications
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23D—BURNERS
- F23D14/00—Burners for combustion of a gas, e.g. of a gas stored under pressure as a liquid
- F23D14/46—Details, e.g. noise reduction means
- F23D14/48—Nozzles
- F23D14/58—Nozzles characterised by the shape or arrangement of the outlet or outlets from the nozzle, e.g. of annular configuration
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23D—BURNERS
- F23D14/00—Burners for combustion of a gas, e.g. of a gas stored under pressure as a liquid
- F23D14/12—Radiant burners
- F23D14/14—Radiant burners using screens or perforated plates
- F23D14/145—Radiant burners using screens or perforated plates combustion being stabilised at a screen or a perforated plate
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23D—BURNERS
- F23D14/00—Burners for combustion of a gas, e.g. of a gas stored under pressure as a liquid
- F23D14/46—Details, e.g. noise reduction means
- F23D14/62—Mixing devices; Mixing tubes
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23D—BURNERS
- F23D14/00—Burners for combustion of a gas, e.g. of a gas stored under pressure as a liquid
- F23D14/46—Details, e.g. noise reduction means
- F23D14/72—Safety devices, e.g. operative in case of failure of gas supply
- F23D14/725—Protection against flame failure by using flame detection devices
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23D—BURNERS
- F23D2900/00—Special features of, or arrangements for burners using fluid fuels or solid fuels suspended in a carrier gas
- F23D2900/00012—Liquid or gas fuel burners with flames spread over a flat surface, either premix or non-premix type, e.g. "Flächenbrenner"
Definitions
- the invention relates to a device for monitoring the operation of the burner plate of a surface burner, in particular a radiation burner, penetrated by mixture outlet openings, by means of at least one electrode measuring ionization in the flame area of the burner.
- a surface burner in particular a radiation burner
- the mixture of fuel gas and combustion air which is premixed in optimal proportions, is already within the mixture of ceramic material, steel wool or the like.
- existing burner plate ignited and burns with very short flames, which have a very short reaction time. These flames can be so short that they cannot be seen, but only a glow from the burner plate can be observed.
- the invention provides according to its most important feature that the electrode measuring the ionization is assigned a limited area of the burner plate is in which the burner flames are dimensioned with a greater length than in the remaining area of the burner plate.
- the mixture outlet openings in the area assigned to the electrode can be dimensioned with a smaller cross section than the mixture outlet openings passing through the remaining area of the burner plate, so that the mixture flows through these smaller openings more quickly and forms longer burner flames.
- the proportion of air in the mixture supplied to the burner plate in the area assigned to the electrode can also be deliberately made smaller than in the remaining area of the burner plate. This also increases the length of the burner flames locally.
- a ceramic burner plate 1 fed from its underside with a gas-air mixture is penetrated by mixture outlet openings 2 and is monitored by two cooperating electrodes 3 measuring the ionization in the distance area, which are located above the burner plate 1 via a Extend surface area 4 of this plate, in which the mixture outlet openings have an approximately half smaller diameter than the mixture outlet openings 2 in the remaining region of the burner plate 1.
- this region 4 which has the smaller mixture outlet openings 5 can be formed by an insertable part 6 of the top of the burner plate .
- burner flames are formed in the area 4 in such a way that the two electrodes 3 connected to a current source 7 are able to measure and signal ionization.
- the burner plate 1 consists of a conductive material, for example steel, steel wool or the like, and is connected to the current source 7 together with the electrode 3.
- the burner plate 1 is again supplied with a gas-air mixture from below via a mixture guide 8.
- the combustion air flows to this mixture guide 8 via a combustion air guide 9, in which there is a nozzle head 11 which is formed with radial gas nozzles 10 and is fed with fuel gas via a gas supply line 12.
- a branch line 13 of this gas supply line 12 opens into a separate mixture guide 14, which supplies only that portion 4 of the burner plate 1 with mixture above which the electrode 3 is located.
- the proportion of air in this mixture supplied to sub-area 4 is to be dimensioned by dimensioning the branch line 13 and the separate mixture guide 14 in such a way that it is higher in the mixture flowing into the mixture guide 8 than in the separate mixture guide 14.
- the flames that form at the mixture outlet openings 5 inevitably become longer than those that start at the mixture outlet openings 2.
- the longer flames enable the electrode 3 to measure the ionization and to display the burner operation.
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Gas Burners (AREA)
- Control Of Combustion (AREA)
- Regulation And Control Of Combustion (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Die Erfindung betrifft eine Vorrichtung zur Überwachung des Betriebes der von Gemischaustrittsöffnungen durchsetzten Brennerplatte eines Flächenbrenners, insbesondere Strahlungsbrenners, mittels mindestens einer die Ionisation im Flammenbereich des Brenners messenden Elektrode.
Bei solchen Flächenbrennern wird das aus Brenngas und Verbrennungsluft bestehende, in optimalen Anteilen vorgemischte Gemisch bereits innerhalb der aus keramischem Material, Stahlwolle od.dgl. bestehenden Brennerplatte gezündet und verbrennt mit sehr kurzen Flammen, die eine sehr kurze Reaktionszeit aufweisen. Diese Flammen können so kurz sein, daß sie nicht selbst zu sehen sind, sondern nur ein Glühen der Brennerplatte zu beobachten ist.The invention relates to a device for monitoring the operation of the burner plate of a surface burner, in particular a radiation burner, penetrated by mixture outlet openings, by means of at least one electrode measuring ionization in the flame area of the burner.
In such surface burners, the mixture of fuel gas and combustion air, which is premixed in optimal proportions, is already within the mixture of ceramic material, steel wool or the like. existing burner plate ignited and burns with very short flames, which have a very short reaction time. These flames can be so short that they cannot be seen, but only a glow from the burner plate can be observed.
Bei der Überwachung solcher Flächenbrenner ergeben sich deshalb Probleme, weil eine Überwachung mittels die Ionisation im Flammenbereich messender Elektroden darauf beruht, daß die Leitfähigkeit und der Gleichrichtereffekt der Brennerflammen für die Ionisationsmessung maßgebend ist. Beispielsweise kann es bei der Einstellung einer Teillast der Brennerleistung zu Störungen kommen, weil sich an der Oberseite der Brennerplatte keine zur Überwachung benutzbare Flammen ausbilden, sondern die kurzen Brennerflammen in der Brennerplatte verschwinden und unkontrollierbar werden.Problems arise when monitoring such surface burners because monitoring by means of electrodes measuring the ionization in the flame region is based on the fact that the conductivity and the rectifying effect of the burner flames are decisive for the ionization measurement. For example, malfunctions can occur when setting a partial load of the burner output because no flames that can be used for monitoring are formed on the top of the burner plate, but the short burner flames in the burner plate disappear and become uncontrollable.
Zur Lösung dieses Problems sieht die Erfindung gemäß ihrem wesentlichsten Merkmal vor, daß der die Ionisation messenden Elektrode ein begrenzter Bereich der Brennerplatte zugeordnet ist, in dem die Brennerflammen mit einer größeren Länge als im übrigen Bereich der Brennerplatte bemesen sind.To solve this problem, the invention provides according to its most important feature that the electrode measuring the ionization is assigned a limited area of the burner plate is in which the burner flames are dimensioned with a greater length than in the remaining area of the burner plate.
Diese sinnvoll unterschiedliche Bemessung der Brennerflammen läßt sich im Rahmen der Erfindung auf verschiedenerlei Arten erfolgversprechend verwirklichen.This sensibly different dimensioning of the burner flames can be successfully achieved in various ways within the scope of the invention.
So können die Gemischaustrittsöffnungen in dem der Elektrode zugeordneten Bereich mit einem geringeren Querschnitt als die den übrigen Bereich der Brennerplatte durchsetzenden Gemischaustrittsöffnungen bemessen sein, so daß das Gemisch diese kleineren Öffnungen rascher durchströmt und längere Brennerflammen bildet.Thus, the mixture outlet openings in the area assigned to the electrode can be dimensioned with a smaller cross section than the mixture outlet openings passing through the remaining area of the burner plate, so that the mixture flows through these smaller openings more quickly and forms longer burner flames.
Man kann aber zum Zeck der Verlängerung der sich im begrenzten Bereich befindlichen Brennerflammen auch den Luftanteil des der Brennerplatte in dem der Elektrode zugeordneten Bereich zugeführten Gemisches bewußt geringer bemessen als im übrigen Bereich der Brennerplatte. Auch dadurch kann die Länge der Brennerflammen örtlich vergrößert werden.However, for the purpose of extending the burner flames located in the limited area, the proportion of air in the mixture supplied to the burner plate in the area assigned to the electrode can also be deliberately made smaller than in the remaining area of the burner plate. This also increases the length of the burner flames locally.
In diesem Fall bedarf es gesonderter, an die Unterseite der Brennerplatte ansetzender Gemischführungen, die über eine gemeinsame Verbrennungsluftführung und eine gemeinsame Brennstoffzufuhrleitung gespeist sein können, wobei dann von der Brennstoffzufuhrleitung eine Zweigleitung in einen den begrenzten Bereich der Brennerplatte speisenden Zweig der Verbrennungsluftführung mündet, die sich in einer eigenen Gemischführung fortsetzt.In this case, separate mixture guides, which are attached to the underside of the burner plate, are required, which can be fed via a common combustion air guide and a common fuel supply line, in which case a branch line opens from the fuel supply line into a branch of the combustion air guide that feeds the limited area of the burner plate continues in its own mixture management.
Ausführungsbeispiele erfindungsgemäßer Vorrichtungen sind in den Zeichnungen veranschaulicht und nachstehend an Hand der Zeichnungsfiguren erläutert.Embodiments of devices according to the invention are illustrated in the drawings and explained below with reference to the drawing figures.
Im einzelnen zeigt
- Fig.1 eine Brennerplatte schaubildlich und
- Fig.2 in einem Schnitt nach II-II der Fig.1.
- Fig.3 ist ein schematischer Vertikalschnitt durch die Gemischführung eines Gasbrenners einer anderen Ausführungsform.
- Fig.1 a burner plate diagrammatically and
- Fig.2 in a section according to II-II of Fig.1.
- 3 is a schematic vertical section through the mixture guide of a gas burner of another embodiment.
Gemäß Fig. 1 und 2 ist eine von ihrer Unterseite her mit einem Gas-Luft-Gemisch gespeiste keramische Brennerplatte 1 von Gemischaustrittsöffnungen 2 durchsetzt und wird von zwei zusammenarbeitenden, die Ionisation im Abstandsbereich messenden Elektroden 3 überwacht, die sich oberhalb der Brennerplatte 1 über einen Flächenbereich 4 dieser Platte erstrecken, in dem die Gemischaustrittsöffnungen einen etwa um die Hälfte geringeren Durchmesser aufweisen als die Gemischaustrittsöffnungen 2 im übrigen Bereich der Brennerplatte 1. Beispielsweise kann dieser die kleineren Gemischaustrittsöffnungen 5 aufweisende Bereich 4 von einem einsetzbaren Teil 6 der Oberseite der Brennerplatte gebildet sein. Infolge der unterschiedlichen Größe der Gemischaustrittsöffnungen 2 bzw. 5 bilden sich im Bereich 4 jedenfalls so lang bemessene Brennerflammen, daß den beiden an eine Stromquelle 7 angeschlossenen Elektroden 3 eine Messung und Signalisierung der Ionisation ermöglicht wird.According to FIGS. 1 and 2, a
Gemäß der Ausführungsform nach Fig.3 besteht die Brennerplatte 1 aus einem leitenden Material, z.B. Stahl, Stahlwolle od.dgl., und ist gemeinsam mit der Elektrode 3 an die Stromquelle 7 angeschlossen.According to the embodiment according to FIG. 3, the
Die Brennerplatte 1 wird auch wieder von unten her über eine Gemischführung 8 mit einem Gas-Luft-Gemisch versorgt. Die Verbrennungsluft strömt dieser Gemischführung 8 über eine Verbrennungsluftführung 9 zu, in der sich ein mit radialen Gasdüsen 10 ausgebildeter Düsenkopf 11 befindet, der über eine Gaszufuhrleitung 12 mit Brenngas gespeist wird. Eine Zweigleitung 13 dieser Gaszufuhrleitung 12 mündet in einer separaten Gemischführung 14, die nur jenen Teilbereich 4 der Brennerplatte 1 mit Gemisch versorgt, oberhalb dessen sich die Elektrode 3 befindet. Der Luftanteil in diesem dem Teilbereich 4 zugeführten Gemisch ist durch zielführende Dimensionierung der Zweigleitung 13 und der separaten Gemischführung 14 so zu bemessen, daß er in dem der Gemischführung 8 zuströmenden Gemisch höher als in der separaten Gemischführung 14 ist. Dadurch werden die Flammen, die sich an den Gemischaustrittsöffnungen 5 bilden, zwangsläufig länger als jene, die an den Gemischaustrittsöffnungen 2 ansetzen. Die längeren Flammen befähigen die Elektrode 3 zur Messung der Ionisation und zur Anzeige des Brennerbetriebes.The
Claims (4)
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
AT1089/88A AT391197B (en) | 1988-04-28 | 1988-04-28 | DEVICE FOR MONITORING THE OPERATION OF THE BURNER PLATE OF A SURFACE BURNER IMPLEMENTED BY MIXTURE OUTLETS |
AT1089/88 | 1988-04-28 |
Publications (3)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP0339499A2 true EP0339499A2 (en) | 1989-11-02 |
EP0339499A3 EP0339499A3 (en) | 1991-03-20 |
EP0339499B1 EP0339499B1 (en) | 1993-12-15 |
Family
ID=3506345
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP89107176A Expired - Lifetime EP0339499B1 (en) | 1988-04-28 | 1989-04-21 | Supervision device for the burner plate operation of a panel burner |
Country Status (3)
Country | Link |
---|---|
EP (1) | EP0339499B1 (en) |
AT (2) | AT391197B (en) |
DE (2) | DE58906394D1 (en) |
Cited By (11)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE29708377U1 (en) * | 1997-05-09 | 1997-07-17 | Viessmann Werke Gmbh & Co, 35108 Allendorf | Gas surface burner |
DE19860636A1 (en) * | 1998-12-29 | 2000-07-06 | Ruhrgas Ag | Burner monitoring method involves mixing partial gas flow with combustion air in second reaction chamber after heating phase, burning mixture, monitoring burner with ionisation electrode |
EP1036984A1 (en) | 1999-03-18 | 2000-09-20 | G. Kromschröder Aktiengesellschaft | Premix type gas burner |
NL1025986C2 (en) * | 2004-04-20 | 2005-10-24 | Eco Ceramics B V | Ceramic burner. |
DE102005056499A1 (en) * | 2005-11-28 | 2007-05-31 | Schott Ag | Gas burner for heating or hot water supply has at least one main load region and at least one monitoring region defined for burner medium and perforated sheet |
EP2687781A2 (en) | 2012-07-17 | 2014-01-22 | Robert Bosch GmbH | Grid burners and method for monitoring the formation of a flame in a grid burner |
EP2975324A1 (en) * | 2014-07-15 | 2016-01-20 | Orkli, S. Coop. | Combustion system suitable for a boiler or a heater, particularly a condensing boiler or heater |
DE102015223681A1 (en) * | 2015-11-30 | 2017-06-01 | Robert Bosch Gmbh | Heat generator, in particular burner, in particular gas and / or oil burner, for generating heat, monitoring device and method for monitoring combustion thereto |
EP2510281B1 (en) | 2009-12-11 | 2017-10-25 | Bekaert Combustion Technology B.V. | Burner with low porosity burner deck |
EP3441668A1 (en) * | 2017-08-08 | 2019-02-13 | Robert Bosch GmbH | Burner cover, method for producing a burner cover and a multi-port burner |
IT202000002209A1 (en) | 2020-02-05 | 2021-08-05 | Polidoro S P A | PREMIX BURNER |
Families Citing this family (10)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
AT399557B (en) * | 1991-11-27 | 1995-06-26 | Vaillant Gmbh | BURNER |
AT399558B (en) * | 1993-06-14 | 1995-06-26 | Vaillant Gmbh | BURNER |
DE19502900C2 (en) * | 1995-01-31 | 1997-12-18 | Stiebel Eltron Gmbh & Co Kg | Ionization electrode |
ITMO20070167A1 (en) * | 2007-05-21 | 2008-11-22 | Worgas Bruciatori Srl | MODULATING BURNER |
EP2177830A1 (en) * | 2008-10-16 | 2010-04-21 | Siemens Building Technologies HVAC Products GmbH | Gas burner for a combined gas-air control system |
DE102009058453B4 (en) * | 2009-12-16 | 2011-09-01 | Robert Bosch Gmbh | Gas blower burner with modulable burner power and method for operating a gas blower burner |
CN103791499B (en) * | 2012-11-01 | 2017-04-19 | 林内株式会社 | Combustion device |
DE102014226060A1 (en) * | 2014-12-16 | 2016-06-16 | Robert Bosch Gmbh | Burner device and method for optimizing a burner device |
DE202016105039U1 (en) * | 2016-09-12 | 2017-09-14 | Viessmann Werke Gmbh & Co Kg | gas burner |
DE102017128802A1 (en) * | 2017-12-05 | 2019-06-06 | Vaillant Gmbh | Fully premixing gas burner |
Citations (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
GB2076956A (en) * | 1980-05-29 | 1981-12-09 | Matsushita Electric Ind Co Ltd | Burner |
JPS59157412A (en) * | 1983-02-25 | 1984-09-06 | Hitachi Ltd | Ceramics burner |
JPS60155824A (en) * | 1984-01-24 | 1985-08-15 | Matsushita Electric Ind Co Ltd | Oxygen starvation safety device |
Family Cites Families (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
AT378845B (en) * | 1979-06-06 | 1985-10-10 | Nibelle Pierre Dkfm | COOKING AREA FOR A GAS STOVE |
DE3636294A1 (en) * | 1985-10-25 | 1987-04-30 | Rinnai Kk | BURNER DEVICE WITH BLOWER |
-
1988
- 1988-04-28 AT AT1089/88A patent/AT391197B/en not_active IP Right Cessation
-
1989
- 1989-04-21 DE DE89107176T patent/DE58906394D1/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1989-04-21 EP EP89107176A patent/EP0339499B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1989-04-21 DE DE8905014U patent/DE8905014U1/en not_active Expired
- 1989-04-21 AT AT89107176T patent/ATE98762T1/en not_active IP Right Cessation
Patent Citations (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
GB2076956A (en) * | 1980-05-29 | 1981-12-09 | Matsushita Electric Ind Co Ltd | Burner |
JPS59157412A (en) * | 1983-02-25 | 1984-09-06 | Hitachi Ltd | Ceramics burner |
JPS60155824A (en) * | 1984-01-24 | 1985-08-15 | Matsushita Electric Ind Co Ltd | Oxygen starvation safety device |
Non-Patent Citations (2)
Title |
---|
PATENT ABSTRACTS OF JAPAN, Band 9, Nr. 322 (M-440)[2045], 18. Dezember 1985; & JP-A-60 155 824 (MATSUSHITA) 15-08-1985 * |
PATENT ABSTRACTS OF JAPAN, Band 9, Nr. 7 (M-350)[1730], 12. Januar 1985; & JP-A-59 157 412 (HITACHI) 06-09-1984 * |
Cited By (16)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE29708377U1 (en) * | 1997-05-09 | 1997-07-17 | Viessmann Werke Gmbh & Co, 35108 Allendorf | Gas surface burner |
DE19860636A1 (en) * | 1998-12-29 | 2000-07-06 | Ruhrgas Ag | Burner monitoring method involves mixing partial gas flow with combustion air in second reaction chamber after heating phase, burning mixture, monitoring burner with ionisation electrode |
EP1036984A1 (en) | 1999-03-18 | 2000-09-20 | G. Kromschröder Aktiengesellschaft | Premix type gas burner |
NL1025986C2 (en) * | 2004-04-20 | 2005-10-24 | Eco Ceramics B V | Ceramic burner. |
DE102005056499A1 (en) * | 2005-11-28 | 2007-05-31 | Schott Ag | Gas burner for heating or hot water supply has at least one main load region and at least one monitoring region defined for burner medium and perforated sheet |
DE102005056499B4 (en) * | 2005-11-28 | 2009-04-23 | Ceramat, S. Coop., Asteasu | gas burner |
EP2510281B1 (en) | 2009-12-11 | 2017-10-25 | Bekaert Combustion Technology B.V. | Burner with low porosity burner deck |
CN103574605A (en) * | 2012-07-17 | 2014-02-12 | 罗伯特·博世有限公司 | A grid burner and a method for monitoring the formation of a flame in a grid burner |
DE102012014009A1 (en) | 2012-07-17 | 2014-01-23 | Robert Bosch Gmbh | Surface burner and method for monitoring flame formation in a surface burner |
EP2687781A2 (en) | 2012-07-17 | 2014-01-22 | Robert Bosch GmbH | Grid burners and method for monitoring the formation of a flame in a grid burner |
EP2687781A3 (en) * | 2012-07-17 | 2017-12-13 | Robert Bosch GmbH | Grid burners and method for monitoring the formation of a flame in a grid burner |
EP2975324A1 (en) * | 2014-07-15 | 2016-01-20 | Orkli, S. Coop. | Combustion system suitable for a boiler or a heater, particularly a condensing boiler or heater |
DE102015223681A1 (en) * | 2015-11-30 | 2017-06-01 | Robert Bosch Gmbh | Heat generator, in particular burner, in particular gas and / or oil burner, for generating heat, monitoring device and method for monitoring combustion thereto |
EP3441668A1 (en) * | 2017-08-08 | 2019-02-13 | Robert Bosch GmbH | Burner cover, method for producing a burner cover and a multi-port burner |
IT202000002209A1 (en) | 2020-02-05 | 2021-08-05 | Polidoro S P A | PREMIX BURNER |
EP4450870A1 (en) | 2020-02-05 | 2024-10-23 | Polidoro S.p.A. | Premix burner |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
EP0339499A3 (en) | 1991-03-20 |
EP0339499B1 (en) | 1993-12-15 |
ATA108988A (en) | 1990-02-15 |
DE8905014U1 (en) | 1989-06-15 |
AT391197B (en) | 1990-08-27 |
ATE98762T1 (en) | 1994-01-15 |
DE58906394D1 (en) | 1994-01-27 |
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