EP0337923B1 - Water heater - Google Patents

Water heater Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0337923B1
EP0337923B1 EP89710028A EP89710028A EP0337923B1 EP 0337923 B1 EP0337923 B1 EP 0337923B1 EP 89710028 A EP89710028 A EP 89710028A EP 89710028 A EP89710028 A EP 89710028A EP 0337923 B1 EP0337923 B1 EP 0337923B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
burner
heat exchanger
elements
water heater
heat
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
EP89710028A
Other languages
German (de)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP0337923A3 (en
EP0337923A2 (en
Inventor
Peter Goebel
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Nv Vaillant Sa
Vaillant-Schonewelle BV
Vaillant Austria GmbH
Vaillant GmbH
Vaillant SARL
Vaillant Ltd
Original Assignee
Vaillant Austria GmbH
Nv Vaillant Sa
Joh Vaillant GmbH and Co
Vaillant GmbH
Vaillant SARL
Vaillant Ltd
Vaillant-Schonewelle BV
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Vaillant Austria GmbH, Nv Vaillant Sa, Joh Vaillant GmbH and Co, Vaillant GmbH, Vaillant SARL, Vaillant Ltd, Vaillant-Schonewelle BV filed Critical Vaillant Austria GmbH
Publication of EP0337923A2 publication Critical patent/EP0337923A2/en
Publication of EP0337923A3 publication Critical patent/EP0337923A3/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0337923B1 publication Critical patent/EP0337923B1/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28F—DETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
    • F28F1/00—Tubular elements; Assemblies of tubular elements
    • F28F1/10—Tubular elements and assemblies thereof with means for increasing heat-transfer area, e.g. with fins, with projections, with recesses
    • F28F1/12—Tubular elements and assemblies thereof with means for increasing heat-transfer area, e.g. with fins, with projections, with recesses the means being only outside the tubular element
    • F28F1/24—Tubular elements and assemblies thereof with means for increasing heat-transfer area, e.g. with fins, with projections, with recesses the means being only outside the tubular element and extending transversely
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24H—FLUID HEATERS, e.g. WATER OR AIR HEATERS, HAVING HEAT-GENERATING MEANS, e.g. HEAT PUMPS, IN GENERAL
    • F24H1/00—Water heaters, e.g. boilers, continuous-flow heaters or water-storage heaters
    • F24H1/22—Water heaters other than continuous-flow or water-storage heaters, e.g. water heaters for central heating
    • F24H1/40—Water heaters other than continuous-flow or water-storage heaters, e.g. water heaters for central heating with water tube or tubes
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24H—FLUID HEATERS, e.g. WATER OR AIR HEATERS, HAVING HEAT-GENERATING MEANS, e.g. HEAT PUMPS, IN GENERAL
    • F24H9/00—Details
    • F24H9/0005—Details for water heaters
    • F24H9/001—Guiding means
    • F24H9/0026—Guiding means in combustion gas channels
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28F—DETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
    • F28F2215/00—Fins
    • F28F2215/04—Assemblies of fins having different features, e.g. with different fin densities

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a water heater with a surface burner assigned to a combustion chamber, preferably a lint burner, and at least one heat exchanger arranged in the exhaust gas duct of this combustion chamber.
  • Such water heaters are state of the art. Particularly in the case of water heaters with fan-operated surface burners and when using metallic or ceramic burner plates, the proportion of radiation energy in the overall output of the burner is comparatively large.
  • the low visible flame height of such burners opens up the possibility of dimensioning and designing the combustion chamber in a very compact and space-saving manner.
  • this design depends on the ratio of the burner area to that area of the heat exchange elements which is flown by the exhaust gases. It would be desirable to dimension this inflow surface approximately the same size as the burner surface.
  • GB-PS 1 556 709 design the fins in a single-layer heat exchanger so that they have a lower height on the side facing the burner than on the side facing away from the burner.
  • the heat exchanger is designed with ribless pipe strings near the burner, while the pipe strings remote from the burner have ribs which improve the heat absorption capacity.
  • a disadvantage of all of the aforementioned variants is that the intended effect may be too slight under certain circumstances, and moreover it is difficult to predict and cannot be regulated. In addition, no positive impact on pollutant emissions is expected.
  • the object of the invention is therefore to achieve a reduction in the thermal load on the elements closer to the burner, while at the same time reducing the nitrogen oxide formation.
  • this object is achieved in that, in the region of the tube strings of the heat exchanger facing the burner, elements consisting of ceramic material and absorbing radiant heat, for example rods, are arranged running parallel to the tube strands. In addition to the thermal load on the heat exchange tubes near the burner, these measures can also significantly reduce the nitrogen oxide formation of the burner.
  • these elements absorbing radiant heat are provided between a family of pipe strands with a smooth surface and a family of pipe strands with a heat exchange surface enlarged by profiling, for example ribs are.
  • the elements for radiation absorption can, however, also be arranged directly in front of the group of pipe strings which are closer to the burner.
  • the water heater shown in FIGS. 1 and 2 operated with a lint burner 1 and a blower, has a combustion chamber 2 and an exhaust gas duct 3 in which heat exchange elements are arranged; these heat exchange elements are formed as pipe strings of water-bearing coils in all embodiments.
  • Ceramic rods 7 are located between these tube strings 4 and 6.
  • These rods 7 are uncooled guide elements which serve to improve the exhaust gas flow and thus the heat reduction and to reduce the nitrogen oxide content of the exhaust gases.
  • These heated rods 7 reach a surface temperature of approximately 800 to 900 ° C. and in this way prevent the exhaust gases from cooling down too much as heat stores within the water-cooled combustion chamber 2. This improves the burnout in the flow direction of the exhaust gases.
  • the tube strings 4 are advantageously arranged congruently with the tube strands 6, in order thereby to keep part of the radiant heat of the burner 1 from the foremost group of the tube strands 6.
  • FIG. 5 shows an embodiment variant in which the ceramic rods 7 are arranged directly in front of the group of pipe strands 8 closer to the burner 1.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Geometry (AREA)
  • Gas Burners (AREA)
  • Cookers (AREA)
  • Resistance Heating (AREA)
  • Thermally Insulated Containers For Foods (AREA)
  • Instantaneous Water Boilers, Portable Hot-Water Supply Apparatuses, And Control Of Portable Hot-Water Supply Apparatuses (AREA)
  • Heat-Pump Type And Storage Water Heaters (AREA)

Abstract

A water heater with a downward burner (1) assigned to a combustion chamber (2) comprises at least one heat exchanger arranged in the waste gas guide (3). In order to prevent overheating of the heat exchanger elements lying closer to the burner (1), these elements are designed and/or arranged with a lower heat absorption capacity than the elements lying further from the burner (1). To this end, the heat exchanger elements lying closer to the burner (1) can be formed for example from pipe trains (4) with a smooth surface and the pipe trains (6 or 10) lying further from the burner (1) with ribs (5 or 11). Moreover, there can be arranged in the region of the heat exchanger elements (4 or 6) facing the burner (1) rods (7) consisting of ceramic material which deflect and absorb radiation heat. <IMAGE>

Description

Die Erfindung bezieht sich auf einen Wasserheizer mit einem einer Brennkammer zugeordneten Flächenbrenner, vorzugsweise einem Sturzbrenner, und zumindest einem in der Abgasführung dieser Brennkammer angeordneten Wärmetauscher.The invention relates to a water heater with a surface burner assigned to a combustion chamber, preferably a lint burner, and at least one heat exchanger arranged in the exhaust gas duct of this combustion chamber.

Solche Wasserheizer sind allgemeiner Stand der Technik. Insbesondere bei Wasserheizer mit gebläsebetriebenen Flächenbrennern und bei Verwendung metallischer beziehungsweise keramischer Brennerplatten ist der Anteil der Strahlungsenergie an der Gesamtleistung des Brenners vergleichsweise groß.Such water heaters are state of the art. Particularly in the case of water heaters with fan-operated surface burners and when using metallic or ceramic burner plates, the proportion of radiation energy in the overall output of the burner is comparatively large.

Die geringe sichtbare Flammenhöhe solcher Brenner erschließt die Möglichkeit, die Brennkammer sehr kompakt und raumsparend zu bemessen und zu gestalten.The low visible flame height of such burners opens up the possibility of dimensioning and designing the combustion chamber in a very compact and space-saving manner.

Diese Gestaltung ist jedoch vom Verhältnis der Brennerfläche zu jener Fläche der Wärmetauschelemente abhängig, die von den Abgasen angeströmt wird. Wünschenswert wäre es, diese Anströmfläche etwa gleich groß der Brennerfläche zu bemessen.However, this design depends on the ratio of the burner area to that area of the heat exchange elements which is flown by the exhaust gases. It would be desirable to dimension this inflow surface approximately the same size as the burner surface.

Die aus diesem Grund relativ gleichmäßige Dichte des Wärmestromes führt jedoch bei Wärmetauschelementen mit vergleichsweise hoher Wärmetausch- und Wärmeaufnahmefähigkeit, zum Beispiel Rippenrohren, zu einer thermischen Überbelastung, insbesondere dann, wenn die spezifische Oberfläche solcher Elemente mehr als 0,4 m²/m beträgt.The relatively uniform density of the heat flow for this reason, however, leads to thermal overload in the case of heat exchange elements with a comparatively high heat exchange and heat absorption capacity, for example finned tubes, in particular when the specific surface area of such elements is more than 0.4 m 2 / m.

Um diesem Effekt entgegenzuwirken, wird gemäß der GB-PS 1 556 709 vorgeschlagen, bei einem einlagigen Wärmetauscher die Lamellen so auszubilden, daß sie auf der dem Brenner zugewandten Seite eine geringere Höhe aufweisen als auf der dem Brenner abgewandten Seite.To counteract this effect, it is proposed according to GB-PS 1 556 709 to design the fins in a single-layer heat exchanger so that they have a lower height on the side facing the burner than on the side facing away from the burner.

Aus der FR-A 2 524 971 ist es bekannt, dem Brenner in der Abgasführung näherliegende Bereiche des Wärmetauschers durch die Anordnung einer isolierenden Wandung mit einer geringeren Wärmeaufnahmefähigkeit auszubilden.From FR-A 2 524 971 it is known to design areas of the heat exchanger which are closer to the burner in the exhaust gas duct by arranging an insulating wall with a lower heat absorption capacity.

Bei einem in der NL-A 6 912 511 beschriebenen Wasserheizer ist der Wärmetauscher mit brennernahen rippenlosen Rohrsträngen ausgebildet, während die brennerfernen Rohrstränge die Wärmeaufnahmefähigkeit verbessernde Rippen aufweisen.In the case of a water heater described in NL-A 6 912 511, the heat exchanger is designed with ribless pipe strings near the burner, while the pipe strings remote from the burner have ribs which improve the heat absorption capacity.

Nachteilig bei allen vorgenannten Varianten ist, daß der beabsichtigte Effekt unter Umständen zu gering, außerdem nur schwer vorhersagbar und nicht regulierbar ist. Darüber hinaus ist kein positiver Einfluß auf die Schadstoffemission zu erwarten.A disadvantage of all of the aforementioned variants is that the intended effect may be too slight under certain circumstances, and moreover it is difficult to predict and cannot be regulated. In addition, no positive impact on pollutant emissions is expected.

Aufgabe der Erfindung ist es deshalb, eine Verringerung der thermischen Belastung der dem Brenner näherliegenden Elemente zu erreichen, wobei gleichzeitig die Stickoxydbildung zu reduzieren ist.The object of the invention is therefore to achieve a reduction in the thermal load on the elements closer to the burner, while at the same time reducing the nitrogen oxide formation.

Erfindungsgemäß wird diese Aufgabe dadurch gelöst, daß in dem dem Brenner zugewandten Bereich der Rohrstränge des Wärmetauschers aus keramischen Material bestehende, Strahlungswärme aufnehmende Elemente, zum Beispiel Stäbe, parallel zu den Rohrsträngen verlaufend angeordnet sind. Durch diese Maßnahmen kann neben der thermischen Belastung der brennernahen Wärmetauschrohre auch die Stickoxydbildung des Brenners entscheidend verringert werden.According to the invention, this object is achieved in that, in the region of the tube strings of the heat exchanger facing the burner, elements consisting of ceramic material and absorbing radiant heat, for example rods, are arranged running parallel to the tube strands. In addition to the thermal load on the heat exchange tubes near the burner, these measures can also significantly reduce the nitrogen oxide formation of the burner.

In Ausgestaltung der Erfindung ist es besonders zweckmäßig, daß diese Strahlungswärme aufnehmenden Elemente zwischen einer Schar von Rohrsträngen mit glatter Oberfläche und einer Schar von Rohrsträngen mit durch Profilierung, zum Beispiel Rippen, vergrößerten Wärmetauschfläche vorgesehen sind. Durch das Einbringen der die Strahlungswärme aufnehmenden Elemente zwischen einem Glattrohrstrang und einem Rippenrohrstrang läßt sich das Aufnehmen der Strahlungswärme besonders leicht bewerkstelligen.In an embodiment of the invention, it is particularly expedient that these elements absorbing radiant heat are provided between a family of pipe strands with a smooth surface and a family of pipe strands with a heat exchange surface enlarged by profiling, for example ribs are. By introducing the elements absorbing the radiant heat between a smooth tube strand and a finned tube strand, the absorption of the radiant heat can be accomplished particularly easily.

Die Elemente zur Strahlungsaufnahme können aber auch unmittelbar vor der dem Brenner näherliegenden Schar der Rohrstränge angeordnet sein.The elements for radiation absorption can, however, also be arranged directly in front of the group of pipe strings which are closer to the burner.

Vorteilhafte Weiterbildungen der Erfindung sind in den Unteransprüchen charakterisiert beziehungsweise werden nachfolgend anhand eines Ausführungsbeispiels näher erläutert.Advantageous developments of the invention are characterized in the subclaims or are explained in more detail below using an exemplary embodiment.

Im einzelnen zeigen:

  • Figur 1 den Querschnitt eines Wasserheizers nach einer ersten Ausführungsform nach I-I der Figur 2 und
  • Figur 2 einen Waagschnitt nach II-II der Figur 1.
  • Figur 3 zeigt den Querschnitt einer weiteren, abgewandelten Ausführungsform.
In detail show:
  • Figure 1 shows the cross section of a water heater according to a first embodiment according to II of Figure 2 and
  • Figure 2 shows a horizontal section according to II-II of Figure 1.
  • Figure 3 shows the cross section of a further modified embodiment.

Der in den Figuren 1 und 2 dargestellte, mit einem Sturzbrenner 1 und einem Gebläse betriebene Wasserheizer besitzt eine Brennkammer 2 und eine Abgasführung 3, in der Wärmetauschelemente angeordnet sind; diese Wärmetauschelemente sind bei allen Ausführungsbeispielen als Rohrstränge wasserführender Rohrschlangen ausgebildet.The water heater shown in FIGS. 1 and 2, operated with a lint burner 1 and a blower, has a combustion chamber 2 and an exhaust gas duct 3 in which heat exchange elements are arranged; these heat exchange elements are formed as pipe strings of water-bearing coils in all embodiments.

Innerhalb der Abgasführung 3 verlaufen zunächst - dem Brenner 1 näher - die Rohrstränge 4 einer aus Edelstahl bestehenden, an der Außenseite ihrer Wandung glatten Rohrschlange, die dann in der nächst unteren Ebene in eine aus den Rohrsträngen 6 bestehende Rohrschlange übergeht, die mit Rippen 5 bestückt ist.Within the exhaust gas duct 3 initially run - closer to the burner 1 - the pipe strings 4 of a pipe coil made of stainless steel, smooth on the outside of its wall, which then merges in the next lower level into a pipe coil consisting of the pipe strings 6, which is equipped with ribs 5 is.

Zwischen diesen Rohrsträngen 4 und 6 befinden sich keramische Stäbe 7.Ceramic rods 7 are located between these tube strings 4 and 6.

Bei diesen Stäben 7 handelt es sich um ungekühlte Leitelemente, die zur Verbesserung der Abgasströmung und damit der Wärmereduktion sowie zur Verringerung des Stickoxydgehaltes der Abgase dienen. Diese aufgeheizten Stäbe 7 erreichen eine Oberflächentemperatur von etwa 800 bis 900 °C und verhindern auf diese Weise als Wärmespeicher eine zu starke Abkühlung der Abgase innerhalb der wassergekühlten Brennkammer 2. Dadurch wird der Ausbrand in der Strömungsrichtung der Abgase verbessert.These rods 7 are uncooled guide elements which serve to improve the exhaust gas flow and thus the heat reduction and to reduce the nitrogen oxide content of the exhaust gases. These heated rods 7 reach a surface temperature of approximately 800 to 900 ° C. and in this way prevent the exhaust gases from cooling down too much as heat stores within the water-cooled combustion chamber 2. This improves the burnout in the flow direction of the exhaust gases.

Wie Figur 1 erkennen läßt, werden die Rohrstränge 4 vorteilhaft deckungsgleich mit den Rohrsträngen 6 angeordnet, um dadurch einen Teil der Strahlungswärme des Brenners 1 von der vordersten Schar der Rohrstränge 6 abzuhalten.As can be seen in FIG. 1, the tube strings 4 are advantageously arranged congruently with the tube strands 6, in order thereby to keep part of the radiant heat of the burner 1 from the foremost group of the tube strands 6.

Figur 5 zeigt eine Ausführungsvariante, bei der die keramischen Stäbe 7 unmittelbar vor der dem Brenner 1 näherliegenden Schar der Rohrstränge 8 angeordnet sind.FIG. 5 shows an embodiment variant in which the ceramic rods 7 are arranged directly in front of the group of pipe strands 8 closer to the burner 1.

Claims (3)

  1. A water heater comprising a surface burner, preferably a downdraught burner, which is associated with a combustion chamber, and at least one heat exchanger, which is accommodated in the flue gas duct extending from said combustion chamber, characterized in that radiant heat-absorbing elements consisting of ceramic material, such as rods (7) are arranged adjacent to those tubes of the heat exchange (4 or 6), which are adjacent to the burner, and said elements extend parallel to the tubes (4 or 6).
  2. A water heater according to claim 1, characterized in that said radiant heat-absorbing elements (7) are provided between a set of tubes (4) having smooth surfaces and a set of tubes (6) which have a heat exchanger surface that is enlarged by profiled portions, such as ribs (5).
  3. A water heater according to claim 1, characterized in that said radiant heat-absorbing elements (7) are provided directly in front of that set of the tubes (8) which are nearer to the burner (1).
EP89710028A 1988-04-15 1989-04-17 Water heater Expired - Lifetime EP0337923B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AT977/88 1988-04-15
AT0097788A AT395268B (en) 1988-04-15 1988-04-15 WATER HEATER

Publications (3)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0337923A2 EP0337923A2 (en) 1989-10-18
EP0337923A3 EP0337923A3 (en) 1990-10-31
EP0337923B1 true EP0337923B1 (en) 1992-11-11

Family

ID=3504123

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP89710028A Expired - Lifetime EP0337923B1 (en) 1988-04-15 1989-04-17 Water heater

Country Status (5)

Country Link
EP (1) EP0337923B1 (en)
AT (2) AT395268B (en)
DE (2) DE3912616A1 (en)
ES (1) ES2037460T3 (en)
GR (1) GR3006755T3 (en)

Families Citing this family (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE4404596A1 (en) * 1994-02-12 1995-08-17 Interdomo Gmbh & Co Heat exchanger for condensing boiler
GB2315540B (en) * 1994-01-14 1998-04-08 Hallam Edmond Heat excahnger
DE4410716A1 (en) * 1994-02-12 1995-08-17 Interdomo Gmbh & Co Heat exchanger for condensing boiler
DE4406030C2 (en) * 1994-02-24 1997-12-18 Buderus Heiztechnik Gmbh Condensing boiler
NL9400980A (en) * 1994-06-15 1996-01-02 Atag Verwarming Bv Heat exchanger.
DE19529559A1 (en) * 1995-08-11 1997-02-13 Wieland Werke Ag Heat exchange system for heating water
DE19723727A1 (en) * 1997-05-31 1998-12-03 Vaillant Joh Gmbh & Co Lamellar heat exchanger with discs on pipe exposed to combustion gases
FI111411B (en) * 2001-10-24 2003-07-15 Outokumpu Oy Device for water heater

Family Cites Families (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
AT250409B (en) * 1962-05-17 1966-11-10 Waagner Biro Ag Heat exchangers, in particular for pressure-fired steam boilers
NL6912511A (en) * 1969-08-17 1971-02-19
DE7528615U (en) * 1975-09-10 1976-03-04 Robert Bosch Gmbh, 7000 Stuttgart WATER HEATER WITH AN ATMOSPHERIC BURNER FOR GAS OR LIQUID FUELS
DE2742839A1 (en) * 1977-09-23 1979-04-05 Bosch Gmbh Robert HEAT TRANSFER FOR A GAS OR OIL-HEATED FLOW WATER HEATER
DE2742854C2 (en) * 1977-09-23 1985-05-02 Robert Bosch Gmbh, 7000 Stuttgart Water heater with a gas or oil burner
FR2524971A1 (en) * 1982-04-08 1983-10-14 Deleage Philippe Small modular heat generator - has return water conduits in fume flue preheating water
FR2530320B1 (en) * 1982-07-19 1984-12-21 Fives Cail Babcock
DE3413712A1 (en) * 1984-04-12 1985-10-17 Wen Chuan Fengshan City Taiwan Yuan Heat exchanger tube and method for producing it

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
DE58902642D1 (en) 1992-12-17
GR3006755T3 (en) 1993-06-30
ATA97788A (en) 1992-03-15
DE3912616A1 (en) 1989-10-26
EP0337923A3 (en) 1990-10-31
EP0337923A2 (en) 1989-10-18
ES2037460T3 (en) 1993-06-16
ATE82381T1 (en) 1992-11-15
AT395268B (en) 1992-11-10

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