EP0336464B1 - Structures en fibres de carbone densifiées - Google Patents

Structures en fibres de carbone densifiées Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0336464B1
EP0336464B1 EP89200516A EP89200516A EP0336464B1 EP 0336464 B1 EP0336464 B1 EP 0336464B1 EP 89200516 A EP89200516 A EP 89200516A EP 89200516 A EP89200516 A EP 89200516A EP 0336464 B1 EP0336464 B1 EP 0336464B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
fibers
carbonaceous
fiber
heat
fibrous structure
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Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
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EP89200516A
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German (de)
English (en)
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EP0336464A2 (fr
EP0336464A3 (en
Inventor
Francis P. Mccullough, Jr.
Vernon R. Snelgrove
Bhuvenesh C. Goswami
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Dow Chemical Co
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Dow Chemical Co
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Priority to AT89200516T priority Critical patent/ATE100877T1/de
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Publication of EP0336464A3 publication Critical patent/EP0336464A3/en
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Classifications

    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D04—BRAIDING; LACE-MAKING; KNITTING; TRIMMINGS; NON-WOVEN FABRICS
    • D04H—MAKING TEXTILE FABRICS, e.g. FROM FIBRES OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL; FABRICS MADE BY SUCH PROCESSES OR APPARATUS, e.g. FELTS, NON-WOVEN FABRICS; COTTON-WOOL; WADDING ; NON-WOVEN FABRICS FROM STAPLE FIBRES, FILAMENTS OR YARNS, BONDED WITH AT LEAST ONE WEB-LIKE MATERIAL DURING THEIR CONSOLIDATION
    • D04H1/00—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres
    • D04H1/40—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties
    • D04H1/42—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties characterised by the use of certain kinds of fibres insofar as this use has no preponderant influence on the consolidation of the fleece
    • D04H1/4209—Inorganic fibres
    • D04H1/4242—Carbon fibres
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D04—BRAIDING; LACE-MAKING; KNITTING; TRIMMINGS; NON-WOVEN FABRICS
    • D04H—MAKING TEXTILE FABRICS, e.g. FROM FIBRES OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL; FABRICS MADE BY SUCH PROCESSES OR APPARATUS, e.g. FELTS, NON-WOVEN FABRICS; COTTON-WOOL; WADDING ; NON-WOVEN FABRICS FROM STAPLE FIBRES, FILAMENTS OR YARNS, BONDED WITH AT LEAST ONE WEB-LIKE MATERIAL DURING THEIR CONSOLIDATION
    • D04H1/00—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres
    • D04H1/40—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties
    • D04H1/42—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties characterised by the use of certain kinds of fibres insofar as this use has no preponderant influence on the consolidation of the fleece
    • D04H1/4282—Addition polymers
    • D04H1/43—Acrylonitrile series
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D04—BRAIDING; LACE-MAKING; KNITTING; TRIMMINGS; NON-WOVEN FABRICS
    • D04H—MAKING TEXTILE FABRICS, e.g. FROM FIBRES OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL; FABRICS MADE BY SUCH PROCESSES OR APPARATUS, e.g. FELTS, NON-WOVEN FABRICS; COTTON-WOOL; WADDING ; NON-WOVEN FABRICS FROM STAPLE FIBRES, FILAMENTS OR YARNS, BONDED WITH AT LEAST ONE WEB-LIKE MATERIAL DURING THEIR CONSOLIDATION
    • D04H1/00—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres
    • D04H1/40—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties
    • D04H1/42—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties characterised by the use of certain kinds of fibres insofar as this use has no preponderant influence on the consolidation of the fleece
    • D04H1/4382—Stretched reticular film fibres; Composite fibres; Mixed fibres; Ultrafine fibres; Fibres for artificial leather
    • D04H1/43835—Mixed fibres, e.g. at least two chemically different fibres or fibre blends
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D04—BRAIDING; LACE-MAKING; KNITTING; TRIMMINGS; NON-WOVEN FABRICS
    • D04H—MAKING TEXTILE FABRICS, e.g. FROM FIBRES OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL; FABRICS MADE BY SUCH PROCESSES OR APPARATUS, e.g. FELTS, NON-WOVEN FABRICS; COTTON-WOOL; WADDING ; NON-WOVEN FABRICS FROM STAPLE FIBRES, FILAMENTS OR YARNS, BONDED WITH AT LEAST ONE WEB-LIKE MATERIAL DURING THEIR CONSOLIDATION
    • D04H1/00—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres
    • D04H1/40—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties
    • D04H1/42—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties characterised by the use of certain kinds of fibres insofar as this use has no preponderant influence on the consolidation of the fleece
    • D04H1/4391—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties characterised by the use of certain kinds of fibres insofar as this use has no preponderant influence on the consolidation of the fleece characterised by the shape of the fibres
    • D04H1/43918—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties characterised by the use of certain kinds of fibres insofar as this use has no preponderant influence on the consolidation of the fleece characterised by the shape of the fibres nonlinear fibres, e.g. crimped or coiled fibres
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D04—BRAIDING; LACE-MAKING; KNITTING; TRIMMINGS; NON-WOVEN FABRICS
    • D04H—MAKING TEXTILE FABRICS, e.g. FROM FIBRES OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL; FABRICS MADE BY SUCH PROCESSES OR APPARATUS, e.g. FELTS, NON-WOVEN FABRICS; COTTON-WOOL; WADDING ; NON-WOVEN FABRICS FROM STAPLE FIBRES, FILAMENTS OR YARNS, BONDED WITH AT LEAST ONE WEB-LIKE MATERIAL DURING THEIR CONSOLIDATION
    • D04H1/00—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres
    • D04H1/40—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties
    • D04H1/44—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties the fleeces or layers being consolidated by mechanical means, e.g. by rolling
    • D04H1/46—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties the fleeces or layers being consolidated by mechanical means, e.g. by rolling by needling or like operations to cause entanglement of fibres
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • D06C—FINISHING, DRESSING, TENTERING OR STRETCHING TEXTILE FABRICS
    • D06C7/00—Heating or cooling textile fabrics
    • D06C7/04—Carbonising or oxidising
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D04—BRAIDING; LACE-MAKING; KNITTING; TRIMMINGS; NON-WOVEN FABRICS
    • D04H—MAKING TEXTILE FABRICS, e.g. FROM FIBRES OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL; FABRICS MADE BY SUCH PROCESSES OR APPARATUS, e.g. FELTS, NON-WOVEN FABRICS; COTTON-WOOL; WADDING ; NON-WOVEN FABRICS FROM STAPLE FIBRES, FILAMENTS OR YARNS, BONDED WITH AT LEAST ONE WEB-LIKE MATERIAL DURING THEIR CONSOLIDATION
    • D04H1/00—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres
    • D04H1/40—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties
    • D04H1/42—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties characterised by the use of certain kinds of fibres insofar as this use has no preponderant influence on the consolidation of the fleece
    • D04H1/4382—Stretched reticular film fibres; Composite fibres; Mixed fibres; Ultrafine fibres; Fibres for artificial leather
    • D04H1/43838—Ultrafine fibres, e.g. microfibres

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a process for making a densified fibrous structure from a multiplicity of first, nonflammable, nonlinear, resilient, elongatable, substantially irreversibly heat-set, carbonaceous polymeric fibers by locking together the fibers with second fibers of a carbonaceous polymeric precursor material, and then heat treating the entire structure to heat-set the second fibers.
  • the fibrous structure of the present invention has utility in thermal and/or sound insulation applications and in filtration.
  • the structures are densified and are characterized by having good shape and volume retention and are structurally stable to numerous compression and unloading cycles.
  • a multiplicity of the carbonaceous fibers are used to form a wool-like fluff, felt, web, blanket, batting, or the like, and are hereinafter, for reasons of brevity, generally referred to as a "fibrous structure".
  • the fibrous structure is densified as by implantation with a second fiber, the structure is generally referred to herein as a “densified fibrous structure” or simply as a “densified structure”.
  • the term "implanting” used herein generally refers to a method of entangling, intermingling or interlocking of fibers.
  • the fibrous structure of first fibers is densified by stitch locking the fibrous structure with the second fiber.
  • a fibrous structure i.e., a wool-like fluff, or batting
  • Densified structures are usable at temperatures greater than 400°C and will maintain their good mechanical and physical characteristics.
  • Nonflammable, nonlinear, resilient carbonaceous fibers that are suitable for making the fibrous structures of the invention are described in European Patent Publication No. 0199567, published October 29, 1986, entitled “Carbonaceous Fibers with Spring-Like Reversible Deflection and Method of Manufacture,” by McCullough et al.
  • Prior to the present invention it has not been possible to permanently densify a fibrous structure of the aforementioned nonlinear carbonaceous fibers and to maintain the integrity of the densified fibrous structure at temperatures higher than 400°C.
  • fibers made from the above-mentioned carbonaceous polymeric material decompose and, accordingly, the fibrous structure loses its integrity. It is therefore of considerable advantage to be able to permanently densify and lock a fibrous structure together with a polymeric fiber which does not lose its physical properties at elevated temperatures.
  • U.S. Patent No. 4,628,846 to Vives discloses an apparatus which may be utilized to prepare the fibrous structures of the invention.
  • the present invention is directed to a densified fibrous structure comprising a multiplicity of nonflammable, nonlinear, substantially irreversibly heat-set, first carbonaceous polymeric fibers, wherein the first fibers are resilient, shape reforming, and elongatable, and have a reversible deflection ratio of greater than 1.2:1 and an aspect ratio greater than 10:1, and at least one second nonflammable, substantially irreversibly heat-set, carbonaceous polymeric fiber, yarn or tow implanted in a densified interlocking relationship with said first fibers for forming an interlocked fibrous structure.
  • the present invention resides in a fibrous structure, wherein the first carbonaceous fibers have a sinusoidal or coil-like configuration and the fibrous structure is in the form of at least one layer of a nonwoven, wool-like fluff, batting or webbing, and said second carbonaceous fiber, yarn or tow has a linear or nonlinear configuration and a higher denier than said first carbonaceous fibers.
  • the second interlocking carbonaceous fibers are chemically similar or identical to the first carbonaceous fibers of the fibrous structure.
  • the invention further relates to a densified fibrous structure having a bulk density of from 4.8 to 32 kg/m3.
  • the present invention also relates to a method for forming a fibrous structure of a multiplicity of nonflammable, nonlinear, substantially irreversibly heat-set, first carbonaceous polymeric fibers, comprising the steps of implanting into the first fibers at least one non-heat-set second carbonaceous polymeric fiber, yarn or tow in an interlocking relationship with said first fibers, and then heat treating the fibrous structure in an inert atmosphere to heat-set said interlocking second fiber, yarn or tow.
  • the process of the invention also permits the blending of the fibrous structure of the first fibers with larger diameter second carbonaceous polymeric precursor fibers which have greater shear resistance in the implantation, e.g., needle punching operation.
  • Carbonaceous fibers having a relatively larger denier may also be provided for greater mechanical strength.
  • a fibrous structure of the first heat-set, nonlinear, carbonaceous polymeric fibers is implanted by needle punching with the second fiber, yarn or tow made from a carbonaceous precursor material to increase the bulk density and mechanical strength of the fibrous structure.
  • the needle punching causes the second fibers to form loops in the fibrous structure.
  • the heat treatment of the fibrous structure then hooks in the looped stitch.
  • a high degree of needle punching can be used to produce a densified structure which, after heat treatment, has a felt-like feel and appearance.
  • two or more fibrous structures such as battings, may be joined together.
  • the fibers of one batting can be utilized as the interlocking fibers for the other batting.
  • the first carbonaceous fibers preferably possess a sinusoidal or a coil-like configuration or a more complicated structural combination of the two. These first fibers may also include linear, heat-set, carbonaceous polymeric fibers.
  • the carbonaceous fibers that are employed in the present invention have a carbon content of at least 65 percent, a nitrogen content of from 5 to 35 percent and an LOI value of greater than 40. These fibers are particularly identified by their degree of carbonization and/or their degree of electrical conductivity in the determination of the particular use for which they are most suited.
  • the first carbonaceous fibers, or matrix fibers are prepared by heat treating a suitable stabilized carbonaceous polymeric precursor material such as that derived from stabilized polyacrylonitrile (PAN) based materials or pitch based materials, i.e., materials derived from petroleum or coal tar pitch, or other polymeric materials which can be converted into carbonaceous fibers or fiber structures which are nonflammable and thermally stable.
  • a suitable stabilized carbonaceous polymeric precursor material such as that derived from stabilized polyacrylonitrile (PAN) based materials or pitch based materials, i.e., materials derived from petroleum or coal tar pitch, or other polymeric materials which can be converted into carbonaceous fibers or fiber structures which are nonflammable and thermally stable.
  • the fibers are formed by melt or wet spinning a suitable fluid of a precursor material and having a nominal diameter of from 4 to 25 micrometers.
  • the fibers are collected as an assembly of a multiplicity of continuous filaments in tows and stabilized by oxidation, in the case of PAN based fibers, in the conventional manner.
  • the stabilized fibers, tows or staple yarn (made from chopped or stretch broken fiber staple) are thereafter formed into a coil-like and/or sinusoidal form by knitting the fiber, tow or yarn into a fabric or cloth (recognizing that other fabric forming and coil forming methods can be employed).
  • the so-formed fabric or cloth is thereafter heat treated, in a relaxed and unstressed condition, at a temperature of from 525°C to 750°C, in an inert atmosphere, for a period of time to produce a heat induced thermoset reaction wherein additional cross-linking and/or a cross-chain cyclization reaction occurs between the original polymer chain.
  • a heat induced thermoset reaction wherein additional cross-linking and/or a cross-chain cyclization reaction occurs between the original polymer chain.
  • the fibers are provided with a varying degree of temporary to permanent set while in the upper range of temperatures of 525°C to 750°C, the fibers are provided with a substantially permanent or irreversible heat-set configuration.
  • the fibers may be initially heat treated at the higher range of temperatures, provided that the heat treatment is conducted while the coil-like and/or sinusoidal fibers are in a relaxed or unstressed state and under an inert, nonoxidizing atmosphere.
  • the higher temperature treatment of from 525°C to 750°C, a permanently set, sinusoidal or coil-like configuration is imparted to the fibers, tow or yarn.
  • the resulting fibers, tow or yarn, having the nonlinear structural configurations, which may be derived by deknitting a knitted cloth, are subjected to other methods of treatment, known in the art, to create an opening, a procedure in which the tow or the fibers of the cloth are separated into an entangled, wool-like fluffy material in which the individual fibers retain their coil-like or sinusoidal configuration, yielding a fibrous structure of considerable loft.
  • the stabilized fibers which are permanently set into their desired structural configuration e.g., by knitting and thereafter heating at a temperature of greater than 525°C in a relaxed and unstressed condition, retain their resilient and reversible deflection characteristics. It is to be understood that higher temperatures may be employed of up to about 1500°C, but the most flexible fibers and the smallest loss of fiber breakage, when carding the fibers to produce the fluff, is found in those fibers which are heat treated to a temperature from 525°C to 750°C.
  • the second carbonaceous fibers that are used in the present invention include fibers that are capable of interlocking with the first fibers of the fibrous structure described above and that are capable of withstanding the high temperatures disclosed.
  • the second fibers may be derived from a separate thread, may be fibers of an adjacent batting, or may be blended into the first fibers forming the wool-like fluff or batting and used for densification.
  • the interlocking second fibers may be prepared from the same or a similar stabilized carbonaceous polymeric precursor material as the first fibers.
  • a suitable stabilized precursor material can be selected from PAN or pitch based materials (i.e., petroleum or coal tar), or other polymeric materials that are thermally stable at the high temperature of interest as described above such as, for example, aramid fibers, particularly the aromatic polyaramides, e.g., KEVLARTM (a trademark of E. I. du Pont de Nemours & Co., Inc.).
  • PAN based fibers can be collected as an assembly of a multiplicity of continuous filaments in tows and stabilized by oxidation in a conventional manner.
  • the stabilized second fibers, tows or staple yarn are thereafter, in accordance with the present invention, implanted into the first carbonaceous fiber structure to form the fibrous structure or a densified structure.
  • the second carbonaceous fibers When implanted into the fibrous structure, the second carbonaceous fibers may be incorporated into the structure as a linear or nonlinear fiber before permanently heat-setting the second fibers.
  • the second, nonlinear fibers can be prepared in a similar manner as the first fibers, by imparting to the fibers a temporary set by heat treating these fibers in a relaxed and unstressed condition at a temperature range of from 150°C to 525°C in an inert atmosphere.
  • the fibers are provided with a varying degree of temporary to permanent set with an increase in temperature in the specified temperature range.
  • the fibers are then permanently set by a chemical treatment or by heat treating the fibrous structure after the interlocking step.
  • the heat treatment is at a temperature of 525°C and above such that the fibers are provided with a permanent set.
  • the second carbonaceous fibers are permanently heat-set, integrity and handleability is imparted to the fibrous structure comprising the combination of the first and second carbonaceous fibers.
  • temperatures of up to about 1500°C may be employed to impart a permanent set to the second fibers, but the most flexible and smallest loss of fiber breakage is found in those fibers that are heat treated to a temperature of from 525°C to 750°C.
  • the interlocked fibrous structure is utilized in high temperature thermal insulating and sound absorbing structures and may be classified into three groups depending upon the particular use and the environment that the structures in which they are incorporated are placed.
  • the carbonaceous fibers used in the fibrous structure of the present invention are electrically nonconductive.
  • the term nonconductive applies to a resistance of greater than 4 x 106 ohms/cm when measured on a 6K tow of fibers each having a diameter of from 7 to 20 microns.
  • the specific resistivity of each fiber is greater than about 102 ohms/cm.
  • the carbonaceous fibers used in the fibrous structure of the present invention are classified as being partially electrically conductive (i.e., having a low electrical conductivity) and have a carbon content of less than 85 percent.
  • the precursor stabilized fiber is an acrylic fiber, i.e., a PAN based fiber
  • the percentage nitrogen content is from 5 to 35 percent, preferably, from 16 to 20 percent.
  • a third group are carbonaceous fibers having a carbon content of at least 85 percent. These fibers, as a result of their high carbon content, have superior thermal insulating and sound absorbing characteristics.
  • the coil-like or sinusoidal shape of the fibers in the fibrous structure provides an insulation which has good compressibility and resiliency while maintaining improved thermal insulating efficiency.
  • the fibrous structure prepared with the third group of fibers has particular utility in the insulation of furnaces and in areas of high heat and noise.
  • the third group of fibers which are utilized are derived from stabilized acrylic fibers and have a nitrogen content of less than 10 percent.
  • the fibrous structures are more electrically conductive. That is, the electrical resistance is less than 4 x 103 ohms/cm when measured by a 6K tow of fibers, wherein each fiber has a diameter of from 7 to 20 micrometers.
  • the precursor stabilized acrylic fibers which are advantageously utilized in preparing the fibrous structures are selected from acrylonitrile homopolymers, acrylonitrile copolymers and acrylonitrile terpolymers.
  • the copolymers preferably contain at least about 85 mole percent of acrylonitrile units and up to 15 mole percent of one or more monovinyl units copolymerized with styrene, methylacrylate, methyl methacrylate, vinyl chloride, vinylidene chloride, vinyl pyridine and the like.
  • the acrylic filaments may comprise terpolymers wherein the acrylonitrile units are preferably at least about 85 mole percent.
  • carbonaceous precursor starting materials may have imparted to them an electrically conductivity property on the order of that of metallic conductors by heating a fibrous structure to a temperature above about 1000°C in a nonoxidizing atmosphere.
  • the electroconductive property may be obtained from selected starting materials such as pitch (petroleum or coal tar), polyacetylene, acrylonitrile based materials, e.g., a polyacrylonitrile copolymer (PANOXTM or GRAFIL-01TM), polyphenylene, polyvinylidene chloride (SARANTM, trademark of The Dow Chemical Company), and the like.
  • antistatic fibers i.e., fibers that have the ability to dissipate an electrostatic charge, can be inserted into the fibrous structure which also serve as the interlocking and densifying fibers.
  • Preferred precursor materials are prepared by melt spinning or wet spinning the precursor materials in a known manner to yield a monofilament fiber or multifilament tow.
  • the fibers, yarn or tow are then made into a woven fabric or knitted cloth by any of a number of commercially available techniques.
  • the fabric or cloth is then heated to a temperature above 525°C, preferably above 550°C, and thereafter deknitted and carded to produce the wool-like fluff that is employed in the fibrous structure of the invention.
  • the densified fibrous structure can be heat treated to form carbon or graphite structures.
  • the present process permits the preparation of carbon or graphite structures without complicated knitting operations.
  • Example 1A Following the procedure of Example 1A, a densified batting was formed. The resulting batting was then heat treated at a temperature of 1500°C for 60 minutes to produce a uniform carbon structure which was suitable as sound and thermal insulation.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Textile Engineering (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Inorganic Fibers (AREA)
  • Nonwoven Fabrics (AREA)
  • Carbon And Carbon Compounds (AREA)

Claims (21)

  1. Structure fibreuse densifiée comportant une multiplicité de premières fibres polymères carbonées, ininflammables, non linéaires, fixées par la chaleur de façon sensiblement irréversible, structure dans laquelle les premières fibres sont élastiques, retrouvent leur forme, sont étirables et présentent un rapport de déformation réversible supérieur à 1,2:1 et un rapport d'aspect supérieur à 10:1, structure caractérisée par le fait que ladite structure comporte en outre au moins une seconde fibre, ou fil ou filasse, polymère carbonée, ininflammable, fixée par la chaleur de façon sensiblement irréversible, implantée par enchevêtrement avec lesdites premières fibres pour former une structure fibreuse enchevêtrée densifiée.
  2. Structure selon la revendication 1, dans laquelle ladite structure fibreuse d'enchevêtrement présente une densité apparente allant de 4,3 à 32 kg/m³.
  3. Structure selon la revendication 1, dans laquelle lesdites premières et lesdites secondes fibres carbonées sont dérivées de fibres d'un matériau précurseur polymère stabilisé ou de fibres d'un matériau précurseur à base de poix présentant un diamètre de 4 à 25 microns.
  4. Structure selon la revendication 3, dans laquelle lesdites fibres en matériau précurseur polymère sont des fibres acryliques choisies parmi des homopolymères d'acrylonitrile, des copolymères d'acrylonitrile et des terpolymères d'acrylonitrile, lesdits copolymères et terpolymères contenant au moins 85 moles pour-cent de groupements acryliques et jusqu'à 15 Moles pour-cent d'un ou plusieurs groupements monovinyliques copolymérisés avec un autre polymère.
  5. Structure selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, dans laquelle lesdites fibres carbonées ont une teneur en carbone supérieure à 65 pour-cent, une teneur en azote allant de 5 à 35 pour-cent, et une valeur de l'indice d'oxygène limité supérieure à 40.
  6. Structure selon la revendication 5, dans laquelle lesdites fibres carbonées sont électriquement conductrices et présentent une teneur en carbone d'au moins 85 pour-cent et une résistance électrique inférieure à 4 x 10³ ohms/cm mesurée sur une filasse 6K de fibres dans laquelle chaque fibre a un diamètre nominal allant de 7 à 20 microns.
  7. Structure selon la revendication 5, dans laquelle lesdites fibres carbonées sont électriquement non conductrices ou ne possèdent pas de caractéristiques de dissipation électro statique, présentent une teneur en carbone inférieure à 85 pour-cent et une résistance électrique supérieure à 4 x 10⁶ ohms/cm mesuré sur une filasse 6K de fibres dans laquelle chaque fibre a un diamètre nominal allant de 7 à 20 microns.
  8. Structure selon la revendication 5, dans laquelle lesdites fibres carbonées ont une faible conductivité électrique et de faibles caractéristiques de dissipation électrostatique, une teneur en carbone inférieure à 85 pour-cent, et une résistance électrique allant de 4 x 10⁶ à 4 x 10³ ohms/cm mesurée sur une filasse 6K de fibres dans laquelle chaque fibre a un diamètre nominal allant de 7 à 20 microns.
  9. Structure selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, dans laquelle les premières fibres carbonées présentent une configuration sinusoïdale ou en spirale et la structure fibreuse a la forme d'une couche non tissée, de duvet laineux, de nappe ou de voile, et ladite seconde fibre carbonée, présente une configuration linéaire ou non linéaire et une valeur en deniers supérieure à celle desdites premières fibres carbonées.
  10. Procédé pour former une structure fibreuse constituée d'une multiplicité de premières fibres polymères carbonées ininflammables, non linéaires, fixées par la chaleur de façon sensiblement irréversible, caractérisé par le fait qu'il consiste à implanter dans les premières fibres au moins une seconde fibre, ou fil ou filasse, polymère carbonée, non fixée par la chaleur, en enchevêtrement avec lesdites premières fibres, puis à traiter par la chaleur la structure fibreuse en atmosphère inerte pour fixer par la chaleur ladite seconde fibre, ou fil ou filasse, d'enchevêtrement.
  11. Procédé selon la revendication 10, dans lequel les secondes fibres, ou fil, ou filasse, sont faites à partir d'un matériau polymère carboné précurseur pouvant être fixé par la chaleur de façon irréversible pour former une fibre, ou fil, ou filasse, carbonée qui est de composition similaire ou identique à celle desdites premières fibres carbonées fixées par la chaleur.
  12. Procédé selon la revendication 10 ou 11, dans lequel lesdites fibres sont des fibres acryliques et qui comporte l'étape consistant à traiter par la chaleur, à une température supérieure à 525°C sous atmosphère inerte, la structure fibreuse contenant les secondes fibres d'enchevêtrement non traitées par la chaleur, pour donner un fixage permanent à la seconde fibre, ou fil ou filasse.
  13. Procédé selon les revendications 10, 11 ou 12, dans lequel la structure a la forme d'un duvet laineux, d'un tapis, d'un feutre ou d'une nappe, et dans lequel ladite seconde fibre, ou fil ou filasse, est présente dans ladite structure fibreuse pour densifier la structure pour lui donner une densité apparente allant de 4,8 à 32 kg/m³ et lui donner intégrité et facilité d'utilisation.
  14. Procédé selon l'une quelconque des revendications 10 à 13, dans lequel la mise en oeuvre des secondes fibres dans les premières fibres s'accomplit par aiguilletage.
  15. Procédé selon l'une quelconque des revendications 10 à 14 dans lequel lesdites secondes fibres carbonées sont choisies parmi les fibres qui sont de la même composition que lesdites premières fibres carbonées, ou d'une composition différente.
  16. Procédé selon l'une quelconque des revendications 10 à 15, dans lequel ladite seconde fibre implantée est dérivée d'au moins une seconde nappe de fibres polyacrylonitriles superposée sur ladite première nappe, consistant à enchevêtrer les fibres polyacrylonitriles de cette seconde nappe avec les fibres fixées par la chaleur de ladite première nappe, puis à traiter par la chaleur l'ensemble de la structure densifiée pour fixer par la chaleur de façon sensiblement permanente ladite seconde nappe.
  17. Procédé selon l'une quelconque des revendications 10 à 16, dans lequel la seconde fibre est une fibre linéaire ou non linéaire.
  18. Procédé selon l'une quelconque des revendications 10 à 17, dans lequel la structure fibreuse comporte une pluralité de nappes.
  19. Procédé de la revendication 18, dans lequel au moins l'une desdites nappes comporte des fibres carbonées présentant une teneur en carbone d'au moins 85 pour-cent.
  20. Procédé de la revendication 18, dans lequel au moins l'une desdites nappes inclut des fibres linéaires.
  21. Procédé selon l'une quelconque des revendications 10 à 20, dans lequel lesdites fibres présentent un rapport de déformation reversible supérieur à 1,2:1, un rapport d'aspect supérieur à 10:1 et une valeur d'indice d'oxygène limité supérieure à 40.
EP89200516A 1988-03-04 1989-03-03 Structures en fibres de carbone densifiées Expired - Lifetime EP0336464B1 (fr)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AT89200516T ATE100877T1 (de) 1988-03-04 1989-03-03 Verdichtete strukturen aus kohlenstoffasern.

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US16392388A 1988-03-04 1988-03-04
US163923 1988-03-04

Publications (3)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0336464A2 EP0336464A2 (fr) 1989-10-11
EP0336464A3 EP0336464A3 (en) 1990-05-30
EP0336464B1 true EP0336464B1 (fr) 1994-01-26

Family

ID=22592192

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP89200516A Expired - Lifetime EP0336464B1 (fr) 1988-03-04 1989-03-03 Structures en fibres de carbone densifiées

Country Status (13)

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EP (1) EP0336464B1 (fr)
JP (1) JPH0791749B2 (fr)
KR (1) KR970001582B1 (fr)
AT (1) ATE100877T1 (fr)
AU (1) AU618322B2 (fr)
BR (1) BR8905710A (fr)
CA (1) CA1310483C (fr)
DE (1) DE68912629T2 (fr)
ES (1) ES2049804T3 (fr)
MX (1) MX173656B (fr)
NZ (1) NZ228124A (fr)
WO (1) WO1989008162A1 (fr)
ZA (1) ZA891643B (fr)

Families Citing this family (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US5145732A (en) * 1989-03-01 1992-09-08 Osaka Gas Company Limited High bulk density carbon fiber felt and thermal insulator
US5292460A (en) * 1989-03-01 1994-03-08 Osaka Gas Company Limited Method of manufacturing a high bulk density carbon fiber felt
DE4018727C2 (de) * 1990-03-23 1994-10-06 Freudenberg Carl Fa Flammbarriere aus Vliesstoff
JP2952271B2 (ja) * 1990-08-23 1999-09-20 株式会社ペトカ 高温断熱特性に優れた炭素繊維フェルトおよびその製造方法
EP0543147B1 (fr) * 1991-10-18 1997-06-25 PETOCA Ltd. Feutre en fibres de carbone et procédé pour sa fabrication
KR100337536B1 (ko) * 2000-05-31 2002-05-22 김용민 활성탄소섬유 복합 부직포의 제조방법

Family Cites Families (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JPS55101224A (en) * 1979-01-30 1980-08-01 Ichikawa Woolen Textile Multiilayer needle felt cushion material
JPS5876730U (ja) * 1981-11-18 1983-05-24 市川毛織株式会社 アルミ押出プレス機の後面設備用耐熱パツト
JPS5851056A (ja) * 1981-09-22 1983-03-25 Nippon Steel Corp 高い稼動率を維持する物品の加工設備
DE3328291C2 (de) * 1983-08-05 1986-10-02 Günter Horst 7927 Sontheim Röhm Spanneinrichtung an Werkstück- oder Werkzeugspindeln von Drehmaschinen für kraftbetätigte Werkstückhalter, insbes. Spannfutter
JPH0670286B2 (ja) * 1985-04-18 1994-09-07 ザ ダウ ケミカル カンパニ− 炭素質繊維
US4631118A (en) * 1985-05-02 1986-12-23 The Dow Chemical Company Low resistance collector frame for electroconductive organic, carbon and graphitic materials
US4643931A (en) * 1985-09-09 1987-02-17 The Dow Chemical Company Method and materials for manufacture of anti-static carpet having tufts containing electroconductive carbonized filaments or fibers
AU588150B2 (en) * 1986-10-14 1989-09-07 Sgl Technic Ltd. Sound and thermal insulation

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
JPH0791749B2 (ja) 1995-10-04
WO1989008162A1 (fr) 1989-09-08
CA1310483C (fr) 1992-11-24
NZ228124A (en) 1991-08-27
DE68912629D1 (de) 1994-03-10
EP0336464A2 (fr) 1989-10-11
AU618322B2 (en) 1991-12-19
MX173656B (es) 1994-03-22
ZA891643B (en) 1990-11-28
AU3099889A (en) 1989-09-07
EP0336464A3 (en) 1990-05-30
DE68912629T2 (de) 1994-05-11
JPH02503449A (ja) 1990-10-18
ES2049804T3 (es) 1994-05-01
BR8905710A (pt) 1990-11-20
KR970001582B1 (ko) 1997-02-11
ATE100877T1 (de) 1994-02-15
KR900700673A (ko) 1990-08-16

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