EP0336252B1 - Sabot for a subcalibre projectile - Google Patents

Sabot for a subcalibre projectile Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0336252B1
EP0336252B1 EP89105382A EP89105382A EP0336252B1 EP 0336252 B1 EP0336252 B1 EP 0336252B1 EP 89105382 A EP89105382 A EP 89105382A EP 89105382 A EP89105382 A EP 89105382A EP 0336252 B1 EP0336252 B1 EP 0336252B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
sabot
segments
plate
cavities
projectile
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Expired - Lifetime
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EP89105382A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP0336252A1 (en
Inventor
Johann Dipl.-Ing. Von Gerlach
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Dynamit Nobel AG
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Dynamit Nobel AG
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F42—AMMUNITION; BLASTING
    • F42B—EXPLOSIVE CHARGES, e.g. FOR BLASTING, FIREWORKS, AMMUNITION
    • F42B14/00—Projectiles or missiles characterised by arrangements for guiding or sealing them inside barrels, or for lubricating or cleaning barrels
    • F42B14/06—Sub-calibre projectiles having sabots; Sabots therefor

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a drive cage that can be dismantled into segments in accordance with the preamble of patent claim 1.
  • a sabot To fire a sub-caliber floor, a sabot is used, via which the pressure of the propellant gases is transmitted to the lower-caliber floor for acceleration and through which the lower-caliber floor is guided in the pipe.
  • the sabot for a lower-caliber bullet is a rotationally symmetrical body, which is usually divided into three segments by separating cuts so that it disassembles after leaving the gun barrel and falls off the lower-caliber bullet.
  • a known sabot (DE 30 33 041-A1) has a guide area, e.g. in the form of a front guide plate, and a drive area, usually also in the form of a rear drive plate, and thus has an approximately dog-bone-like appearance.
  • the kinetic energy that can be transferred to a sub-caliber floor is limited by the material properties of the sub-caliber floor.
  • the stresses that occur must be influenced by the design, and the higher the energy transfer possible, the smaller the maximum compressive and tensile stresses caused by the propellant gases in the area of the transmission surface to the lower-caliber floor.
  • the tensile stress on the lower-caliber floor has the highest value; it turns back towards the tail unit into a compressive stress area; a compressive stress range also occurs towards the top of the lower-caliber floor, which is due to the mass distribution in the front area of the lower-caliber floor.
  • a sabot is modified such that, instead of a drive plate, the drive surface is pulled apart axially and the drive surface has a sagging profile that approximates the outer edge of the peripheral region of the projectile.
  • the sabot covers about half of the floor. This shape of the drive surface improves the form fit between the projectile and sabot and reduces the mass fraction of the sabot. With such a shape of the sabot, the part of the projectile that is no longer surrounded by the drive surface can tear off; this limits the maximum LPG pressure.
  • a sabot for a sub-caliber projectile is also known, which can be made of non-metallic materials such as various plastics, fiberglass and the like and has a front cylindrical part for guiding and sealing in the gun barrel, to which a rear conical area connects.
  • This increases the frictional forces between the projectile and sabot, so that grooves, grooves, threads or the like are not required between the two.
  • the rear part of the sabot can be made as long as it takes to increase all of the developed frictional force.
  • a sabot is shown which extends from the front end of the projectile to the rear over approximately two thirds of its length. No statement is made about an increase in the acceleration forces acting on the projectile.
  • the invention has for its object to construct the lightest possible sabot for a sub-caliber floor so that the highest possible propellant gas pressure can be used to accelerate the sub-caliber floor without this being damaged or even destroyed.
  • the compressive stress occurring in the rear area of the lower-caliber floor is essentially identical to the static compressive stress that cannot be further reduced due to the gas pressure of the propellant charge.
  • tensile stresses can be largely avoided in the entire course of the sub-caliber ammunition, and the tension course is generally low and smooth.
  • the plate-shaped parts provided according to claim 2 between the individual segments of the sabot are optimized in terms of their mechanical properties to transmit the highest possible propellant gas pressure to the lower-caliber floor.
  • the increased manufacturing effort is not so significant since the production of anisotropic plate-shaped parts is relatively simple.
  • the plastic drive cage according to the invention it may be advantageous, particularly for manufacturing and / or technological reasons, not to design it solid, but in a ribbed structure that is open towards the front.
  • the cavities formed in accordance with claim 3 must with appropriate cores because of the required high compressive strength made of the same or different materials.
  • different core types can be provided according to claim 4. It is therefore advantageous if the cavities are wedge-like. During the acceleration phase of the lower-caliber floor, such cores are held in their position due to the inertia. Such thinner wall segments have higher strength values, and potential heat dissipation and shrinkage problems during manufacture are more likely to be avoided.
  • Another major advantage is that the properties of the sabot as a whole can be further improved by a special choice of material for the cores to be used.
  • the properties of high-strength anisotropic materials can be optimally used both for the skeleton of the segments of the sabot and for the cores to be used.
  • the cavities in the segments of the sabot are filled with wedge-shaped and plate-shaped elements, the axis of the lower-caliber floor being in the plane of the plate-shaped elements.
  • a further advantageous embodiment is specified in claim 6.
  • areas which act as inflow surfaces in the sabot and which promote the disintegration of the sabot after leaving the tube can be formed during manufacture.
  • the rear sealed drive plate also has a guiding function in the tube.
  • stabilizers and / or radially projecting projections are usually of the same caliber required.
  • the plane of the center of gravity of the drive surfaces is already very close to the center of gravity of the lower-caliber floor and sabot, so that guide elements that are not used at all, such as guide ribs, at the rear end of the sabot are sufficient, and in general there is one without such additional guide elements Sufficiently stable acceleration possible in the pipe. There is an improvement in bullet stability.
  • the propellant cage according to the invention permits very high propellant pressures, it is possible to manufacture it entirely from plastic, preferably from reinforced plastic, very particularly preferably from a carbon fiber reinforced plastic; Epoxy resin is preferred as the plastic. It turns out that because of the quite uniform contact pressure over the entire surface of the lower-caliber floor, a flawlessly high power transmission from the sabot to the floor can be achieved without having to provide any additional aids on the sabot.
  • Such known aids are, for example, a divisible metallic sleeve within a plastic sabot or between the floor and sabot corresponding bumps such as e.g. a thread cut into the projectile for positive axial locking.
  • a lower-caliber floor 1 with a diameter d 1 should be fired in a tube 2 with a diameter d 2.
  • the sabot 3 seals the powder gases - here indicated by arrows p -; it transmits the power to the lower-caliber floor 1 and it also takes over the leadership in pipe 2.
  • the sabot 3 is a rotationally symmetrical body made up of three segments. Its front area seen in the weft direction is formed by a guide plate 4. The drive area has a drive surface 5 which extends practically to the end of the lower-caliber floor 1. The effect of this is that the greatest possible acceleration forces can be introduced into the lower-caliber floor 1 practically distributed over the entire length of the lower-caliber floor 1 with sufficient radial pressure.
  • the guide area and drive area practically meet; to the guide plate 4 is a part 7 - hereinafter called the drive body -. Due to a storage surface 8 on the end face of the guide plate 4, the sabot 3 along the transmission surface 9 is released from the lower-caliber floor 1 as a result of the high speed (> 1000 m / s) when leaving the pipe 2.
  • frictional forces alone are generally sufficient; If necessary, grooves, threads or shoulders could improve the transmission of power.
  • the sabot 3 can be made entirely of reinforced plastic.
  • the drive surface 5 of the drive body has the shape of a truncated cone in this example.
  • the sabot 3 extends to the tail unit 6 of the lower-caliber floor 1.
  • the center of gravity of the drive surface is very far forward due to this shape, so that an additional guide in the rear area, which was previously very important especially with a disk-shaped drive surface, is less important; it can often even be omitted entirely. In this example there are some radially projecting ribs 10.
  • FIG. 1 two lines 11, 12 are drawn in with dashed lines, which are intended to indicate two other possible configurations of the drive surface, to which reference is made in FIG. 3.
  • the contour 11 indicates that the generatrix of the drive surface 5 does not necessarily have to be a straight line, but can also sag in a concave or convex manner, with a strictly monotonous, steady increase in the diameter in the weft direction.
  • the drive body extends to the tail unit 6 of the lower-caliber floor 1. This course does not necessarily have to be straight.
  • a drive body which extends to the end of the lower-caliber floor 1 or even beyond, is somewhat more complex to manufacture; it has been shown that a drive body that only extends to the tail unit 6 or into the tail unit also comes very close to the optimal drive.
  • the voltage curve along the lower-caliber floor is shown schematically simplified in FIG. 3.
  • the propellant-induced pressure p at the end of the lower-caliber floor generates a static compressive stress which decreases to 1 and then has only a weakly negative or positive value according to line 5 in FIG.
  • the voltage curve 13 is drawn in dashed lines, as it would occur if the propellant gas pressure were introduced into the storey via a disk at the level of 14 of the storey 1.
  • a voltage profile which corresponds to the contour 12 in FIG. 1 is also shown in FIG. 3 with the reference symbol 12. The course is very smooth, tensile stresses can be avoided entirely.
  • FIG. 4 shows the top view from the front of a lower-caliber floor 1, surrounded by a sabot 14 provided with cavities, which can be broken down into three segments 19. Each of these segments has a cavity 14 which tapers continuously towards the tail unit 6.
  • each cavity 14 is filled with a usually multi-part core, the material of the frame 15 of a segment need not be identical to the core material.
  • the core itself can also consist of differently shaped elements, including different materials. Two examples are given in FIG. 4: firstly, the core consists of four elements 16, which are very similar to the "large” sabot segments; prefers is, however, especially the variant with two different types of core elements 17, 18.
  • Plate-shaped elements 18 are high-strength plastic parts with directional fibers; the wedge-shaped elements 17 preferably consist of molding compounds filled with short fiber.
  • the fibers in the plate-shaped elements 18 should run in several layers both in the radial and in the axial direction. Layers that are inclined at 45 ° or perpendicular to the contour 12 of the sabot can also be provided. It goes without saying that the core elements 16, 17, 18 generally have to be machined, especially in the radial area, so that a sufficiently high, uniform compressive strength of the plastic driving cage is ensured.
  • FIG. 5 is again shown only schematically that between the usually three large segments 19, which in turn may not have cavities filled with cores as shown in Figure 4, are contained plate-shaped elements 20 which extend from the outer surface of the sabot to Sub-floor level 1 is sufficient. If the segments 19 contain radial boundaries 21 (shown on the left in FIG. 5), wedges 22 similar to the wedges 17 in FIG. 4 are additionally required. However, the segments can also be machined as shown by line 23 on the right in FIG. 5, so that no further parts between the plate-shaped elements 20 and the segments 19 are required.
  • An embodiment of the sabot according to FIG. 5 enables an even better transmission of force to the lower-caliber floor, wherein the grooves or threads already mentioned above can also be provided in the transition area 24 from the plate-shaped elements 20 to the lower-caliber floor 1.
  • FIG. 6 shows a plate-shaped element 20 according to FIG. 5, in which a nose-like extension 25 is formed in the guide area 4.
  • the projections protrude forward from the sabot and form an inflow surface through which the detachment of the Sabot from the lower-caliber floor after leaving the pipe. It is immediately obvious that the additional manufacturing effort for such a design is quite small.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Toys (AREA)
  • Aiming, Guidance, Guns With A Light Source, Armor, Camouflage, And Targets (AREA)
  • Wind Motors (AREA)
  • Portable Nailing Machines And Staplers (AREA)
  • Earth Drilling (AREA)
  • Types And Forms Of Lifts (AREA)
  • Elevator Control (AREA)
  • Vending Machines For Individual Products (AREA)

Abstract

The sabot (3) conventionally composed of three segments and intended for a subcalibre projectile (1) is so designed that the surface (5), on which propellent-charge gases act, is preferably drawn out frustoconically, with the apex rearwards, as far as the end of the subcalibre projectile (1). The force can thereby be transmitted in a uniform distribution virtually over the entire surface of the subcalibre projectile. At the same time, the transmission between the sabot (3) and the subcalibre projectile (1) is increased so that the entire sabot (3) can be produced from fibre-reinforced plastic, that additional positive transitions between the sabot (3) and the subcalibre projectile do not necessarily have to be present, but nevertheless a very high propellent-gas pressure (p) can be used. Preferably, each segment possesses wedge-like cavities (14) which are open in the firing direction and which are filled with cores (16, 17, 18). Plate-like parts (20) between the segments (19) are also advantageous. <IMAGE>

Description

Die Erfindung richtet sich auf einen in Segmente zerlegbaren Treibkäfig entsprechend dem Oberbegriff des Patentanspruchs 1.The invention relates to a drive cage that can be dismantled into segments in accordance with the preamble of patent claim 1.

Zum Verschießen eines Unterkalibergeschosses wird ein Treibkäfig verwendet, über den im wesentlichen der Druck der Treibgase zur Beschleunigung auf das Unterkalibergeschoß übertragen und durch den das Unterkalibergeschoß im Rohr geführt wird. Der Treibkäfig für ein Unterkalibergeschoß ist ein rotationssymmetrischer Körper, der durch Trennschnitte in üblicherweise drei Segmente zerteilt ist, damit er sich nach dem Verlassen des Waffenrohres zerlegt und vom Unterkalibergeschoß abfällt.To fire a sub-caliber floor, a sabot is used, via which the pressure of the propellant gases is transmitted to the lower-caliber floor for acceleration and through which the lower-caliber floor is guided in the pipe. The sabot for a lower-caliber bullet is a rotationally symmetrical body, which is usually divided into three segments by separating cuts so that it disassembles after leaving the gun barrel and falls off the lower-caliber bullet.

Ein bekannter Treibkäfig (DE 30 33 041-A1) hat einen Führungsbereich, z.B. in Form einer vorderen Führungsplatte, und einen Antriebsbereich, meist auch in Form einer hinteren Antriebsplatte, und hat so näherungsweise ein hundeknochenähnliches Aussehen.A known sabot (DE 30 33 041-A1) has a guide area, e.g. in the form of a front guide plate, and a drive area, usually also in the form of a rear drive plate, and thus has an approximately dog-bone-like appearance.

Die kinetische Energie, die auf ein Unterkalibergeschoß so übertragen werden kann, wird begrenzt durch die Materialeigenschaften des Unterkalibergeschosses. Die auftretenden Spannungen sind konstruktiv zu beeinflussen, und es ist eine um so höhere Energieübertragung möglich, je kleiner die durch die Treibladungsgase bedingten maximalen Druck- und Zugspannungen im Bereich der Übertragungsfläche auf das Unterkalibergeschoß sind. In Höhe der Antriebsplatte weist die Zugspannung im Unterkalibergeschoß den höchsten Wert auf; sie schlägt nach hinten zum Leitwerk hin in einen Druckspannungsbereich um; auch zur Spitze des Unterkalibergeschosses hin tritt wiederum ein Druckspannungsbereich auf, der durch die Massenverteilung im vorderen Bereich des Unterkalibergeschosses bedingt ist.The kinetic energy that can be transferred to a sub-caliber floor is limited by the material properties of the sub-caliber floor. The stresses that occur must be influenced by the design, and the higher the energy transfer possible, the smaller the maximum compressive and tensile stresses caused by the propellant gases in the area of the transmission surface to the lower-caliber floor. At the level of the drive plate, the tensile stress on the lower-caliber floor has the highest value; it turns back towards the tail unit into a compressive stress area; a compressive stress range also occurs towards the top of the lower-caliber floor, which is due to the mass distribution in the front area of the lower-caliber floor.

In der EP 152 492-A1 ist ein Treibkäfig dahingehend abgewandelt, daß anstelle einer Antriebsplatte die Antriebsfläche axial auseinandergezogen ist und die Antriebsfläche ein durchhängendes, sich an die Außenkante des Umfangsbereichs des Geschosses annäherndes Profil aufweist. Der Treibkäfig umfaßt etwa die Hälfte des Geschosses. Durch diese Form der Antriebsfläche wird der Formschluß zwischen Geschoß und Treibkäfig verbessert und der Massenanteil des Treibkäfigs verringert. Bei einer solchen Form des Treibkäfigs kann der nicht mehr von der Antriebsfläche umgebene Teil des Geschosses abreißen; der maximale Treibgasdruck wird dadurch begrenzt.In EP 152 492-A1, a sabot is modified such that, instead of a drive plate, the drive surface is pulled apart axially and the drive surface has a sagging profile that approximates the outer edge of the peripheral region of the projectile. The sabot covers about half of the floor. This shape of the drive surface improves the form fit between the projectile and sabot and reduces the mass fraction of the sabot. With such a shape of the sabot, the part of the projectile that is no longer surrounded by the drive surface can tear off; this limits the maximum LPG pressure.

Aus der US-A-3 033 116 ist weiterhin ein Treibkäfig für ein Unterkalibergeschoß bekannt, der aus nichtmetallischen Materialien wie verschiedene Kunststoffe, Fiberglas und ähnlichem hergestellt sein kann und einen vorderen zylindrischen Teil zur Führung und Abdichtung im Geschützrohr aufweist, an den sich ein hinterer konischer Bereich anschließt. Damit wird eine Erhöhung der Reibungskräfte zwischen Geschoß und Treibkäfig erreicht, so daß Nuten, Rillen, Gewindegänge od. dgl. zwischen beiden nicht erforderlich sind. Der hintere Teil des Treibkäfigs kann so lang gemacht werden, wie es das Anwachsen der gesamten entwickelten Reibungskraft erfordert. Gezeigt ist ein Treibkäfig, der sich vom vorderen Ende des Geschosses über etwa zwei Drittel dessen Länge nach hinten erstreckt. Eine Aussage über eine Erhöhung der auf das Geschoß einwirkenden Beschleunigungskräfte wird nicht gemacht.From US-A-3 033 116 a sabot for a sub-caliber projectile is also known, which can be made of non-metallic materials such as various plastics, fiberglass and the like and has a front cylindrical part for guiding and sealing in the gun barrel, to which a rear conical area connects. This increases the frictional forces between the projectile and sabot, so that grooves, grooves, threads or the like are not required between the two. The rear part of the sabot can be made as long as it takes to increase all of the developed frictional force. A sabot is shown which extends from the front end of the projectile to the rear over approximately two thirds of its length. No statement is made about an increase in the acceleration forces acting on the projectile.

Der Erfindung liegt die Aufgabe zugrunde, einen möglichst leichten Treibkäfig für ein Unterkalibergeschoß konstruktiv so zu gestalten, daß ein möglichst hoher Treibladungsgasdruck zur Beschleunigung des Unterkalibergeschosses ausgenutzt werden kann, ohne daß dieses beschädigt oder gar zerstört wird.The invention has for its object to construct the lightest possible sabot for a sub-caliber floor so that the highest possible propellant gas pressure can be used to accelerate the sub-caliber floor without this being damaged or even destroyed.

Die Lösung dieser Aufgabe erfolgt erfindungsgemäß durch die Ausbildung entsprechend dem Kennzeichen des Patentanspruchs 1.This object is achieved according to the invention by training in accordance with the characterizing part of patent claim 1.

Die Krafteinleitung in das Unterkalibergeschoß wird durch den erfindungsgemäßen Treibkäfig praktisch gleichmäßig auf die gesamte Mantelfläche des Unterkalibergeschosses verteilt. Dadurch gehen die Maximalwerte zurück, und der Spannungsverlauf in Antriebsrichtung wird wesentlich gleichmäßiger. Es läßt sich erreichen, daß nur Druckspannungen und kaum Zugspannungen auftreten. Bei gleicher Übertragungsfläche kann beispielsweise bei einer kegelförmigen Kontur des Treibkäfigs im Vergleich zu einer zylindrischen Kontur die Kraftübertragung vom Treibkäfig zum Unterkalibergeschoß mehr als verdoppelt werden.The introduction of force into the lower-caliber floor is practically evenly distributed over the entire lateral surface of the lower-caliber floor by the sabot according to the invention. As a result, the maximum values decrease and the voltage curve in the drive direction becomes much more uniform. It can be achieved that only compressive stresses and hardly any tensile stresses occur. With the same transmission surface, for example with a conical contour of the sabot compared to a cylindrical contour, the power transmission from the sabot to the lower-caliber floor can be more than doubled.

Beim Treibkäfig gemäß der Erfindung ist die im hinteren Bereich des Unterkalibergeschosses auftretende Druckspannung im wesentlichen identisch mit der aufgrund des Gasdrucks der Treibladung nicht weiter zu verkleinernden statischen Druckspannung. Dagegen lassen sich aufgrund dieser Konstruktion im gesamten Verlauf der Unterkalibermunition Zugspannungen weitgehend vermeiden, und der Spannungsverlauf ist allgemein niedrig und glatt.In the case of the sabot according to the invention, the compressive stress occurring in the rear area of the lower-caliber floor is essentially identical to the static compressive stress that cannot be further reduced due to the gas pressure of the propellant charge. On the other hand, due to this construction, tensile stresses can be largely avoided in the entire course of the sub-caliber ammunition, and the tension course is generally low and smooth.

Es hat sich überraschend gezeigt, daß ein relativ leichter Treibkäfig aus Kunststoff allen Anforderungen genügen kann.It has surprisingly been found that a relatively light plastic drive cage can meet all requirements.

In vorteilhafter Ausgestaltung der Erfindung sind die gemäß Anspruch 2 zwischen den einzelnen Segmenten des Treibkäfigs vorgesehenen plattenförmigen Teile in ihren mechanischen Eigenschaften dahingehend optimiert, einen möglichst hohen Treibladungsgasdruck auf das Unterkalibergeschoß zu übertragen. Der erhöhte Fertigungsaufwand fällt nicht so sehr ins Gewicht, da die Fertigung anisotroper plattenförmiger Teile relativ einfach ist.In an advantageous embodiment of the invention, the plate-shaped parts provided according to claim 2 between the individual segments of the sabot are optimized in terms of their mechanical properties to transmit the highest possible propellant gas pressure to the lower-caliber floor. The increased manufacturing effort is not so significant since the production of anisotropic plate-shaped parts is relatively simple.

Bei dem erfindungsgemäßen Treibkäfig aus Kunststoff kann es vor allem aus fertigungstechnischen und/oder technologischen Gründen günstig sein, ihn nicht massiv, sondern in einer verrippten, nach vorne offenen Struktur auszuführen. Die dabei gemäß Anspruch 3 gebildeten Hohlräume müssen wegen der erforderlichen hohen Druckfestigkeit mit entsprechenden Kernen aus dem gleichen oder anderen Werkstoffen ausgefüllt werden. Dafür können gemäß Anspruch 4 unterschiedliche Kerntypen vorgesehen werden. Vorteilhaft ist es daher, wenn die Hohlräume keilähnlich ausgebildet sind. In der Beschleunigungsphase des Unterkalibergeschosses werden solche Kerne aufgrund der Massenträgheit in ihrer Position gehalten. Solche Segmente mit dünneren Wänden haben höhere Festigkeitswerte, und es lassen sich mögliche Probleme bei der Wärmeabfuhr und Schrumpfung während der Herstellung eher vermeiden. Ein wesentlicher Vorteil ist außerdem, daß man durch eine spezielle Materialwahl für die einzusetzenden Kerne die Eigenschaften des Treibkäfigs als Ganzes noch weiter verbessern kann. Sowohl für das Gerippe der Segmente des Treibkäfigs als auch für die einzusetzenden Kerne lassen sich die Eigenschaften hochfester anisotroper Werkstoffe optimal nutzen.In the case of the plastic drive cage according to the invention, it may be advantageous, particularly for manufacturing and / or technological reasons, not to design it solid, but in a ribbed structure that is open towards the front. The cavities formed in accordance with claim 3 must with appropriate cores because of the required high compressive strength made of the same or different materials. For this purpose, different core types can be provided according to claim 4. It is therefore advantageous if the cavities are wedge-like. During the acceleration phase of the lower-caliber floor, such cores are held in their position due to the inertia. Such thinner wall segments have higher strength values, and potential heat dissipation and shrinkage problems during manufacture are more likely to be avoided. Another major advantage is that the properties of the sabot as a whole can be further improved by a special choice of material for the cores to be used. The properties of high-strength anisotropic materials can be optimally used both for the skeleton of the segments of the sabot and for the cores to be used.

Besonders vorteilhaft ist es, wenn man entsprechend Anspruch 5 die Hohlräume in den Segmenten des Treibkäfigs mit keilförmigen und plattenförmigen Elementen ausfüllt, wobei die Achse des Unterkalibergeschosses in der Ebene der plattenförmigen Elemente liegt. Eine weitere vorteilhafte Ausgestaltung ist in Anspruch 6 angegeben.It is particularly advantageous if, according to claim 5, the cavities in the segments of the sabot are filled with wedge-shaped and plate-shaped elements, the axis of the lower-caliber floor being in the plane of the plate-shaped elements. A further advantageous embodiment is specified in claim 6.

Bevorzugt werden also plattenförmige Teile in den Segmenten aus Werkstoffen mit gerichteten Fasern eingesetzt, während für die keilförmigen Kerne oder auch für das Segmentgerippe fasergefüllte Preßmassen verwendet werden.It is therefore preferred to use plate-shaped parts in the segments made of materials with oriented fibers, while fiber-filled molding compounds are used for the wedge-shaped cores or else for the segment skeleton.

Bei plattenförmigen Teilen zwischen den Segmenten und insbesondere auch bei plattenförmigen Elementen für die Kerne können bei der Herstellung gemäß Anspruch 7 Bereiche angeformt werden, die im Treibkäfig als Anströmflächen wirken und den Zerfall des Treibkäfigs nach Verlassen des Rohres begünstigen.In the case of plate-shaped parts between the segments and in particular also in the case of plate-shaped elements for the cores, areas which act as inflow surfaces in the sabot and which promote the disintegration of the sabot after leaving the tube can be formed during manufacture.

Bei bekannten hundeknochenähnlichen Treibkäfigen kommt auch der hinteren abgedichteten Antriebsplatte eine Führungsfunktion im Rohr zu. Bei sehr langen Geschossen sind gemäß EP 152 492-A1 meist kalibergleiche Leitwerke und/oder radial vorstehende Vorsprünge erforderlich. Bei dem erfindungsgemäßen Treibkäfig liegt die Ebene der Schwerpunkte der Antriebsflächen schon sehr nahe an dem Schwerpunkt von Unterkalibergeschoß und Treibkäfig zusammen, so daß allenfalls wenig beanspruchte Leitelemente, wie z.B. Führungsrippen, am hinteren Ende des Treibkäfigs ausreichen, im allgmeinen ist sogar ohne solche zusätzlichen Führungselemente eine ausreichend stabile Beschleunigung im Rohr möglich. Es kommt zu einer Verbesserung der Geschoßstabilität.In known dog bone-like sabots, the rear sealed drive plate also has a guiding function in the tube. In the case of very long storeys, in accordance with EP 152 492-A1, stabilizers and / or radially projecting projections are usually of the same caliber required. In the sabot according to the invention, the plane of the center of gravity of the drive surfaces is already very close to the center of gravity of the lower-caliber floor and sabot, so that guide elements that are not used at all, such as guide ribs, at the rear end of the sabot are sufficient, and in general there is one without such additional guide elements Sufficiently stable acceleration possible in the pipe. There is an improvement in bullet stability.

Obwohl der erfindungsgemäße Treibkäfig sehr hohe Treibgasdrücke zuläßt, ist es möglich, ihn voll aus Kunststoff, vorzugsweise aus verstärktem Kunststoff, ganz besonders bevorzugt aus einem kohlefaserverstärkten Kunststoff, zu fertigen; Epoxidharz ist als Kunststoff bevorzugt. Es zeigt sich, daß wegen der recht gleichförmigen Anpreßkraft über der gesamten Oberfläche des Unterkalibergeschosses eine einwandfreie hohe Kraftübertragung von dem Treibkäfig auf das Geschoß geleistet werden kann, ohne weitere Hilfsmittel am Treibkäfig vorsehen zu müssen. Solche bekannten Hilfsmittel sind beispielsweise eine teilbare metallische Büchse innerhalb eines Treibkäfigs aus Kunststoff oder zwischen Geschoß und Treibkäfig miteinander korrespondierende Unebenheiten wie z.B. ein in das Geschoß eingeschnittenes Gewinde zum längsaxial wirkenden Formschluß.Although the propellant cage according to the invention permits very high propellant pressures, it is possible to manufacture it entirely from plastic, preferably from reinforced plastic, very particularly preferably from a carbon fiber reinforced plastic; Epoxy resin is preferred as the plastic. It turns out that because of the quite uniform contact pressure over the entire surface of the lower-caliber floor, a flawlessly high power transmission from the sabot to the floor can be achieved without having to provide any additional aids on the sabot. Such known aids are, for example, a divisible metallic sleeve within a plastic sabot or between the floor and sabot corresponding bumps such as e.g. a thread cut into the projectile for positive axial locking.

Die Erfindung ist beispielhaft in der Zeichnung dargestellt und weiter beschrieben. Es zeigen

Figur 1
Schnitt durch einen Treibkäfig mit einem Unterkalibergeschoß,
Figur 2
Kräfteverteilung auf der Antriebsfläche des Treibkäfigs (Ausschnitt),
Figur 3
Spannungsverlauf in Achsrichtung des Unterkalibergeschosses,
Figur 4
Draufsicht auf die Vorderseite eines Treibkäfigs mit keilähnlichen Hohlräumen und deren Ausfüllung mit zwei verschiedenen Kerntypen,
Figur 5
Draufsicht auf die Vorderseite eines Treibkäfigs mit durchgehenden plattenförmigen Teilen zwischen den Segmenten und
Figur 6
Seitenansicht eines plattenförmigen Teiles nach Figur 5 mit einer Anströmfläche an seiner Stirnseite.
The invention is illustrated by way of example in the drawing and described further. Show it
Figure 1
Section through a sabot with a sub-caliber floor,
Figure 2
Distribution of forces on the drive surface of the sabot (detail),
Figure 3
Stress curve in the axial direction of the lower-caliber floor,
Figure 4
Top view of the front of a sabot with wedge-like cavities and their filling with two different core types,
Figure 5
Top view of the front of a sabot with continuous plate-shaped parts between the segments and
Figure 6
Side view of a plate-shaped part according to Figure 5 with an inflow surface on its end face.

Gemäß Figur 1 soll ein Unterkalibergeschoß 1 mit einem Durchmesser d₁ in einem Rohr 2 mit einem Durchmesser d₂ verschossen werden. Der Treibkäfig 3 nimmt die Abdichtung der Pulvergase - hier angedeutet durch Pfeile p - vor; durch ihn erfolgt die Kraftübertragung auf das Unterkalibergeschoß 1 und er übernimmt auch die Führung im Rohr 2.According to Figure 1, a lower-caliber floor 1 with a diameter d 1 should be fired in a tube 2 with a diameter d 2. The sabot 3 seals the powder gases - here indicated by arrows p -; it transmits the power to the lower-caliber floor 1 and it also takes over the leadership in pipe 2.

Der Treibkäfig 3 ist ein aus drei Segmenten aufgebauter, rotationssymmetrischer Körper. Sein in Schußrichtung gesehener vorderer Bereich wird von einer Führungsplatte 4 gebildet. Der Antriebsbereich hat eine Antriebsfläche 5, die praktisch bis zum Ende des Unterkalibergeschosses 1 reicht. Durch sie wird bewirkt, daß praktisch über die ganze Länge des Unterkalibergeschosses 1 verteilt bei ausreichendem Radialdruck höchstmögliche Beschleunigungskräfte in das Unterkalibergeschoß 1 eingeleitet werden können.The sabot 3 is a rotationally symmetrical body made up of three segments. Its front area seen in the weft direction is formed by a guide plate 4. The drive area has a drive surface 5 which extends practically to the end of the lower-caliber floor 1. The effect of this is that the greatest possible acceleration forces can be introduced into the lower-caliber floor 1 practically distributed over the entire length of the lower-caliber floor 1 with sufficient radial pressure.

Bei dem Treibkäfig stoßen Führungsbereich und Antriebsbereich praktisch zusammen; an die Führungsplatte 4 schließt sich ein Teil 7 - nachstehend Antriebskörper genannt - an. Aufgrund einer Staufläche 8 an der Stirnseite der Führungsplatte 4 wird infolge der hohen Geschwindigkeit (> 1000 m/s) beim Verlassen des Rohres 2 der Treibkäfig 3 längs der Übertragungsfläche 9 vom Unterkalibergeschoß 1 gelöst. Zur Ankoppelung des Treibkäfigs 3 an das Unterkalibergeschoß 1 längs der Übertragungsfläche 9 reichen Reibkräfte allein im allgemeinen aus; erforderlichenfalls könnten Rillen, Gewinde oder Absätze die Kraftübertragung noch verbessern.In the sabot, the guide area and drive area practically meet; to the guide plate 4 is a part 7 - hereinafter called the drive body -. Due to a storage surface 8 on the end face of the guide plate 4, the sabot 3 along the transmission surface 9 is released from the lower-caliber floor 1 as a result of the high speed (> 1000 m / s) when leaving the pipe 2. For coupling the sabot 3 to the lower-caliber floor 1 along the transmission surface 9 frictional forces alone are generally sufficient; If necessary, grooves, threads or shoulders could improve the transmission of power.

Der Treibkäfig 3 kann vollkommen aus verstärktem Kunststoff bestehen. Die Antriebsfläche 5 des Antriebskörpers hat in diesem Beispiel die Form eines Kegelstumpfes. Der Treibkäfig 3 reicht bis zum Leitwerk 6 des Unterkalibergeschosses 1. Der Schwerpunkt der Antriebsfläche ist durch diese Form recht weit vorn, so daß einer zusätzlichen Führung im hinteren Bereich, die bisher vor allem bei einer scheibenförmigen Antriebsfläche sehr wichtig war, eine geringere Bedeutung zukommt; sie kann häufig sogar ganz entfallen. In diesem Beispiel sind einige radial abstehende Rippen 10 vorhanden.The sabot 3 can be made entirely of reinforced plastic. The drive surface 5 of the drive body has the shape of a truncated cone in this example. The sabot 3 extends to the tail unit 6 of the lower-caliber floor 1. The center of gravity of the drive surface is very far forward due to this shape, so that an additional guide in the rear area, which was previously very important especially with a disk-shaped drive surface, is less important; it can often even be omitted entirely. In this example there are some radially projecting ribs 10.

In der Figur 1 sind zwei Linien 11, 12 gestrichelt eingezeichnet, die zwei andere mögliche Ausbildungen der Antriebsfläche andeuten sollen, auf die in Figur 3 Bezug genommen ist. Die Kontur 11 deutet an, daß die Erzeugende der Antriebsfläche 5 nicht unbedingt eine Gerade sein muß, sondern auch konkav oder konvex durchhängen kann, wobei ein streng monotones, stetiges Wachsen des Durchmessers in Schußrichtung erfolgen soll. Bei dem Konturverlauf 12 reicht der Antriebskörper bis zum Leitwerk 6 des Unterkalibergeschosses 1. Auch dieser Verlauf muß nicht unbedingt geradlinig sein. Wegen des Leitwerkes 6 am Unterkalibergeschoß 1 ist ein Antriebskörper, der bis an das Ende des Unterkalibergeschosses 1 oder auch noch darüber hinaus reicht, etwas aufwendiger herzustellen; es hat sich gezeigt, daß ein Antriebskörper, der nur bis zum Leitwerk 6 oder in das Leitwerk hinein reicht, dem optimalen Antrieb auch noch sehr nahe kommt.In FIG. 1, two lines 11, 12 are drawn in with dashed lines, which are intended to indicate two other possible configurations of the drive surface, to which reference is made in FIG. 3. The contour 11 indicates that the generatrix of the drive surface 5 does not necessarily have to be a straight line, but can also sag in a concave or convex manner, with a strictly monotonous, steady increase in the diameter in the weft direction. In the course of the contour 12, the drive body extends to the tail unit 6 of the lower-caliber floor 1. This course does not necessarily have to be straight. Because of the tail unit 6 on the lower-caliber floor 1, a drive body, which extends to the end of the lower-caliber floor 1 or even beyond, is somewhat more complex to manufacture; it has been shown that a drive body that only extends to the tail unit 6 or into the tail unit also comes very close to the optimal drive.

In der Figur 2 soll verdeutlicht werden, daß bei einer geraden Kontur 5 wie in Figur 1 weitgehend über die ganze Länge des Unterkalibergeschosses 1 gleichmäßig die Kraft pax durch den Druck p der Treibladungsgase eingeleitet werden kann. Die Schubkraft auf jedes Ringelement Δl wird außer vom Gasdruck p auch durch das Gewicht des Unterkalibergeschosses 1 und des Treibkäfigs 3 beeinflußt. Neben der axialen Komponente tritt hier stets auch eine radiale Komponente prad auf, die praktisch über die gesamte Fläche des Unterkalibergeschosses 1 angreift und somit allein durch Reibung eine sehr große Kraft übertragen werden kann.In FIG. 2 it should be clarified that with a straight contour 5, as in FIG. 1, the force p ax can be introduced uniformly over the entire length of the lower-caliber floor 1 by the pressure p of the propellant gases. The thrust force on each ring element Δl is determined not only by the gas pressure p but also by the weight of the lower-caliber floor 1 and the Sabot 3 affects. In addition to the axial component, a radial component p rad always occurs here, which engages practically over the entire surface of the lower-caliber floor 1 and can therefore transmit a very large force solely by friction.

Der Spannungsverlauf längs des Unterkalibergeschosses ist in Figur 3 schematisch vereinfacht dargestellt. Bei einer kegelstumpfförmigen Antriebsfläche 5 erzeugt der treibgasbedingte Druck p am Ende des Unterkalibergeschosses eine statische Druckspannung, die sich bis l₁ abbaut und dann gemäß Linie 5 in Figur 3 nur einen schwach negativen oder positiven Wert aufweist. Zum Vergleich ist gestrichelt der Spannungsverlauf 13 eingezeichnet, wie er auftreten würde, wenn in Höhe von l₄ des Geschosses 1 der Treibgasdruck über eine Scheibe in das Geschoß eingeleitet werden würde. Dort käme es bei l₄ zu einer sehr hohen Spannungsspitze; dicht dahinter wären wieder negative Spannungen (Druckspannungen) zu erwarten, weil der vordere Bereich des Unterkalibergeschosses hier drückt. Durch die hohen Spitzen und den hohen Gradienten des Spannungsverlaufes wäre hier die Materialbeanspruchung des Unterkalibergeschosses sehr kritisch. Ein Spannungsverlauf, welcher der Kontur 12 in Figur 1 entspricht, ist mit dem Bezugszeichen 12 auch in Figur 3 dargestellt. Der Verlauf ist sehr glatt, Zugspannungen können ganz vermieden werden.The voltage curve along the lower-caliber floor is shown schematically simplified in FIG. 3. With a frustoconical drive surface 5, the propellant-induced pressure p at the end of the lower-caliber floor generates a static compressive stress which decreases to 1 and then has only a weakly negative or positive value according to line 5 in FIG. For comparison, the voltage curve 13 is drawn in dashed lines, as it would occur if the propellant gas pressure were introduced into the storey via a disk at the level of 1₄ of the storey 1. There would be a very high voltage peak at l₄; Negative stresses (compressive stresses) would be expected close behind, because the front area of the lower-caliber floor is pressing here. Due to the high peaks and the high gradients of the stress curve, the material stress on the lower-caliber floor would be very critical. A voltage profile which corresponds to the contour 12 in FIG. 1 is also shown in FIG. 3 with the reference symbol 12. The course is very smooth, tensile stresses can be avoided entirely.

Figur 4 zeigt die Draufsicht von vorn auf ein Unterkalibergeschoß 1, umgeben von einem mit Hohlräumen 14 versehenen Treibkäfig, der sich in drei Segmente 19 zerlegen kann. Jedes dieser Segmente weist einen sich zum Leitwerk 6 hin stetig verjüngenden Hohlraum 14 auf. Im Treibkäfig ist jeder Hohlraum 14 mit einem üblicherweise mehrteiligen Kern gefüllt, wobei das Material des Gerippes 15 eines Segmentes nicht identisch mit dem Kernmaterial sein muß. Auch der Kern selbst kann aus unterschiedlich geformten Elementen, auch aus verschiedenen Materialien, bestehen. In der Figur 4 sind zwei Beispiele gegeben: einmal besteht der Kern aus vier Elementen 16, die sehr ähnlich sind wie die "großen" Treibkäfigsegmente; bevorzugt ist jedoch besonders die Variante mit zwei verschiedenen Kernelementtypen 17, 18. Plattenförmige Elemente 18 sind hochfeste Kunststoffteile mit gerichteten Fasern; die keilförmigen Elemente 17 bestehen bevorzugt aus mit Kurzfaser gefüllten Preßmassen. Die Fasern in den plattenförmigen Elementen 18 sollten in mehreren Lagen sowohl in radialer als auch in axialer Richtung verlaufen. Es können auch Lagen, die um 45° dazu geneigt oder senkrecht zur Kontur 12 des Treibkäfigs verlaufen, vorgesehen sein. Es versteht sich, daß die Kernelemente 16, 17, 18 in der Regel vor allem im radialen Bereich bearbeitet werden müssen, damit eine ausreichend hohe gleichmäßige Druckfestigkeit des Kunststofftreibkäfigs gewährleistet bleibt.FIG. 4 shows the top view from the front of a lower-caliber floor 1, surrounded by a sabot 14 provided with cavities, which can be broken down into three segments 19. Each of these segments has a cavity 14 which tapers continuously towards the tail unit 6. In the sabot, each cavity 14 is filled with a usually multi-part core, the material of the frame 15 of a segment need not be identical to the core material. The core itself can also consist of differently shaped elements, including different materials. Two examples are given in FIG. 4: firstly, the core consists of four elements 16, which are very similar to the "large" sabot segments; prefers is, however, especially the variant with two different types of core elements 17, 18. Plate-shaped elements 18 are high-strength plastic parts with directional fibers; the wedge-shaped elements 17 preferably consist of molding compounds filled with short fiber. The fibers in the plate-shaped elements 18 should run in several layers both in the radial and in the axial direction. Layers that are inclined at 45 ° or perpendicular to the contour 12 of the sabot can also be provided. It goes without saying that the core elements 16, 17, 18 generally have to be machined, especially in the radial area, so that a sufficiently high, uniform compressive strength of the plastic driving cage is ensured.

Bei Figur 5 ist wieder nur schematisch dargestellt, daß zwischen den üblicherweise drei großen Segmenten 19, die ihrerseits hier nicht extra dargestellt mit Kernen gefüllte Hohlräume wie in Figur 4 aufweisen können, plattenförmige Elemente 20 enthalten sind, die von der äußeren Oberfläche des Treibkäfigs bis zum Unterkalibergeschoß 1 reichen. Wenn die Segmente 19 radial verlaufende Begrenzungen 21 (in Figur 5 links dargestellt) enthalten, sind zusätzlich noch Keile 22 ähnlich den Keilen 17 in Figur 4 erforderlich. Die Segmente können jedoch auch so bearbeitet sein, wie es durch die Linie 23 rechts in Figur 5 dargestellt ist, so daß keine weiteren Teile zwischen den plattenförmigen Elementen 20 und den Segmenten 19 erforderlich werden.In Figure 5 is again shown only schematically that between the usually three large segments 19, which in turn may not have cavities filled with cores as shown in Figure 4, are contained plate-shaped elements 20 which extend from the outer surface of the sabot to Sub-floor level 1 is sufficient. If the segments 19 contain radial boundaries 21 (shown on the left in FIG. 5), wedges 22 similar to the wedges 17 in FIG. 4 are additionally required. However, the segments can also be machined as shown by line 23 on the right in FIG. 5, so that no further parts between the plate-shaped elements 20 and the segments 19 are required.

Eine Ausgestaltung des Treibkäfigs gemäß Figur 5 ermöglicht eine noch bessere Kraftübertragung auf das Unterkalibergeschoß, wobei in dem Übergangsbereich 24 von den plattenförmigen Elementen 20 auf das Unterkalibergeschoß 1 auch noch die schon oben erwähnten Rillen oder Gewinde angebracht sein können.An embodiment of the sabot according to FIG. 5 enables an even better transmission of force to the lower-caliber floor, wherein the grooves or threads already mentioned above can also be provided in the transition area 24 from the plate-shaped elements 20 to the lower-caliber floor 1.

Figur 6 zeigt ein plattenförmiges Element 20 gemäß Figur 5, bei dem im Führungsbereich 4 ein nasenartiger Fortsatz 25 angeformt ist. Die Fortsätze ragen nach vorne aus dem Treibkäfig heraus und bilden eine Anströmfläche, durch welche die Ablösung des Treibkäfigs vom Unterkalibergeschoß nach Verlassen des Rohres begünstigt wird. Es leuchtet unmittelbar ein, daß der Fertigungsmehraufwand für eine solche Ausführung recht klein ist.FIG. 6 shows a plate-shaped element 20 according to FIG. 5, in which a nose-like extension 25 is formed in the guide area 4. The projections protrude forward from the sabot and form an inflow surface through which the detachment of the Sabot from the lower-caliber floor after leaving the pipe. It is immediately obvious that the additional manufacturing effort for such a design is quite small.

Claims (7)

  1. Propulsion cage (3) which can be separated into segments (19) and which form-locks on to a sub-calibre projectile (1), the cage having a front guide region (4) and a drive region with a drive surface (5), the profile of the drive surface (5) constantly decreasing from the guide region (4) as it approaches the peripheral area of the sub-calibre projectile (1), characterised in that the drive surface (5, 11, 12) extends from the front guide region (4) to the end area of the sub-calibre projectile (1).
  2. Propulsion cage according to claim 1, characterised in that, between the segments (19) of the propulsion cage (3), there are plate-shaped components (20) made of a material with directed fibres, the axis of the sub-calibre projectile (1) being in the plane of the plate-shaped components (20).
  3. Propulsion cage according to claim 1 or 2, characterised in that each segment (19) has wedge-shaped cavities (14) open in the direction of firing, and the cavities (14) are filled with cores (16, 17, 18).
  4. Propulsion cage according to claim 3, characterised in that the cavities (14) are filled with different types of core (16, 17, 18).
  5. Propulsion cage according to claim 4, characterised in that the plate-shaped components (18) in the cavities (14) are constructed of a material with directed fibres, and the wedges (17) in the cavities (14) consist of fibre-filled moulding compositions.
  6. Propulsion cage according to claim 2, characterised in that wedges (22) made of fibre-filled moulding compositions are provided between the segments (19) and the plate-shaped components (20).
  7. Propulsion cage according to one of claims 2 to 6, characterised in that the plate-shaped components (20) arranged between the segments (19), or the cores (16, 17, 18) in the cavities (14), have lugs (25) which project forwards from the guide region (4) as air flow surfaces.
EP89105382A 1988-04-07 1989-03-25 Sabot for a subcalibre projectile Expired - Lifetime EP0336252B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE3811597A DE3811597A1 (en) 1988-04-07 1988-04-07 DRIVING CAGE FOR A SUB-CALIBAR FLOOR
DE3811597 1988-04-07

Publications (2)

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EP0336252A1 EP0336252A1 (en) 1989-10-11
EP0336252B1 true EP0336252B1 (en) 1994-06-01

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EP (1) EP0336252B1 (en)
AT (1) ATE106547T1 (en)
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DE3937665A1 (en) * 1989-11-11 1991-05-16 Rheinmetall Gmbh FLOOR ARRANGEMENT
US7594472B1 (en) * 1990-06-13 2009-09-29 Qinetiq Limited Sabot
DE4041716A1 (en) * 1990-12-24 1992-06-25 Rheinmetall Gmbh DRIVING CAGE AND METHOD FOR PRODUCING THE DRIVING CAGE
AT399583B (en) * 1991-07-17 1995-06-26 Steyr Daimler Puch Ag SUB-CALIBRARY BULLET WITH REJECTABLE CAGE
DE4128054A1 (en) * 1991-08-23 1993-02-25 Rheinmetall Gmbh DRIVING CAGE FOR A SUB-CALIBAR FLOOR
DE4215304C2 (en) * 1992-05-09 1998-10-29 Rheinmetall Ind Ag Sabot
US5789699A (en) * 1996-12-16 1998-08-04 Primex Technologies, Inc. Composite ply architecture for sabots
US6829997B1 (en) * 2002-05-06 2004-12-14 Terry B. Hilleman Skeletonized sabot
US7334613B2 (en) * 2002-10-15 2008-02-26 Black & Decker Inc. Router base securing mechanism
AT502547B1 (en) 2005-10-13 2009-10-15 Winter Udo Mag CARTRIDGE
KR100831309B1 (en) * 2007-10-31 2008-05-22 국방과학연구소 Method for reinforcement manufacturing a composite sabot applying band/hoop lamination
US8074572B1 (en) 2009-03-30 2011-12-13 The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of The Navy Conical dart sub-munitions for cargo round
US8695507B1 (en) * 2011-06-01 2014-04-15 The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of The Army Composite sabot
US10859357B2 (en) * 2017-06-09 2020-12-08 Simulations, LLC Sabot, bore rider, and methods of making and using same
US20230358518A1 (en) * 2022-05-05 2023-11-09 Raytheon Company Sabot or cover for seekers, sensitive windows and surface elements on gun launched munitions

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US3033116A (en) * 1958-05-20 1962-05-08 John L Critcher Ammunition
US3834314A (en) * 1972-12-29 1974-09-10 Aai Corp Puller sabot ammunition with slip seal
DE2836963A1 (en) * 1978-08-24 1984-03-08 Rheinmetall GmbH, 4000 Düsseldorf AMMUNITION UNIT FOR TUBE ARMS
US4284008A (en) * 1979-04-12 1981-08-18 The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of The Army Double ramp discarding sabot
DE3033041C2 (en) * 1980-09-03 1986-04-10 L'Etat Français représenté par le Délégué Général pour l'Armement, Paris Metal and plastic sabot
FR2490805B1 (en) * 1980-09-23 1985-10-31 France Etat ARROW PROJECTILE OF THE ARROW TYPE
US4469027A (en) * 1983-04-15 1984-09-04 The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of The Army Armor piercing ammunition having interlocking means
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FR2555728B1 (en) * 1983-11-29 1987-03-20 Sauvestre Jean Claude HUNTING WEAPON AMMUNITION
EP0152492B1 (en) * 1984-01-31 1987-12-23 Rheinmetall GmbH Gun ammunition
GB8630848D0 (en) * 1986-12-24 1988-02-03 Royal Ordnance Plc Discarding sabots

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Publication number Publication date
US4953466A (en) 1990-09-04
DE3811597A1 (en) 1989-10-19
DE58907733D1 (en) 1994-07-07
EP0336252A1 (en) 1989-10-11
ATE106547T1 (en) 1994-06-15

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