EP0336252A1 - Sabot for a subcalibre projectile - Google Patents

Sabot for a subcalibre projectile Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0336252A1
EP0336252A1 EP89105382A EP89105382A EP0336252A1 EP 0336252 A1 EP0336252 A1 EP 0336252A1 EP 89105382 A EP89105382 A EP 89105382A EP 89105382 A EP89105382 A EP 89105382A EP 0336252 A1 EP0336252 A1 EP 0336252A1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
sabot
plate
segments
caliber floor
cavities
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Granted
Application number
EP89105382A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP0336252B1 (en
Inventor
Johann Dipl.-Ing. Von Gerlach
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Dynamit Nobel AG
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Dynamit Nobel AG
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F42—AMMUNITION; BLASTING
    • F42B—EXPLOSIVE CHARGES, e.g. FOR BLASTING, FIREWORKS, AMMUNITION
    • F42B14/00—Projectiles or missiles characterised by arrangements for guiding or sealing them inside barrels, or for lubricating or cleaning barrels
    • F42B14/06—Sub-calibre projectiles having sabots; Sabots therefor

Definitions

  • the invention is directed to a drive cage that can be dismantled into segments with a positive fit to a lower-caliber floor, having a front guide area and a drive area with a drive surface, the profile of the drive surface gradually decreasing from the guide area approaching the peripheral area of the lower-caliber floor.
  • a sabot To fire a sub-caliber floor, a sabot is used, via which the pressure of the propellant gases is transmitted to the sub-caliber floor for acceleration and through which the sub-caliber floor is guided in the pipe.
  • the sabot for a sub-caliber floor is a rotationally symmetrical body, which is divided into (usually three) segments by separating cuts so that it disassembles after leaving the gun barrel and falls off the sub-caliber floor.
  • a known sabot (DE 3 033 041-A) has a guide area, e.g. in the form of a front guide plate, and a drive area, usually also in the form of a rear drive plate, and thus has an approximately dog-bone-like appearance.
  • the kinetic energy that can be transferred to a sub-caliber floor is limited by the material properties of the sub-caliber floor.
  • the stresses that occur must be influenced in terms of design, and the higher the energy transfer possible, the smaller the maximum compressive and tensile stresses caused by the propellant gases in the area of the transmission surface to the lower-caliber floor.
  • the tensile stress on the lower-caliber floor has the highest value; it turns back towards the tail unit into a compressive stress area; a compressive stress range also occurs towards the top of the lower-caliber floor, which is due to the mass distribution in the front area of the lower-caliber floor.
  • a sabot is modified in such a way that instead of a drive plate, the drive surface is pulled apart axially and the drive surface has a sagging profile that approximates the outer edge of the peripheral region of the projectile.
  • the propellant charge cage covers about half of the floor. This shape of the drive surface improves the form fit between the projectile and sabot and reduces the mass fraction of the sabot. With such a shape of the sabot, the part of the projectile that is no longer surrounded by the drive surface can tear off; this limits the maximum LPG pressure.
  • the invention has for its object to construct the lightest possible sabot for a sub-caliber floor so that the highest possible propellant gas pressure can be used to accelerate the sub-caliber floor.
  • a sabot is proposed according to the invention, which is characterized in that the drive surface extends from the front guide area to the end area of the lower-caliber floor.
  • the rear sealed drive plate also has a guiding function in the tube.
  • stabilizers of the same caliber and / or radially projecting projections are usually required.
  • the plane of the center of gravity of the drive surfaces is already very close to the center of gravity of the lower-caliber floor and sabot, so that guide elements that are not used at all, such as e.g. Guide ribs, sufficient at the rear end of the sabot, generally a sufficiently stable acceleration in the tube is possible even without such additional guide elements.
  • guide elements that are not used at all such as e.g. Guide ribs
  • the compressive stress occurring in the rear area of the lower-caliber floor is essentially identical to the static compressive stress which can no longer be reduced due to the gas pressure of the propellant charge.
  • the tension course is generally low and smooth.
  • the sabot according to the invention permits very high propellant pressures, it is possible to manufacture it entirely from plastic, preferably from reinforced plastic, very particularly preferably from a carbon fiber reinforced plastic; Epoxy resin is preferred as the plastic. It turns out surprisingly that because of the quite uniform contact pressure over the entire surface of the lower-caliber floor, a flawlessly high power transmission from the sabot to the floor can be achieved without having to provide any additional aids on the sabot.
  • Such known aids are, for example, a (divisible) metallic sleeve within a plastic sabot or between the projectile and propellant charge corresponding bumps such as a thread cut into the projectile for a longitudinally axial positive engagement.
  • a plastic drive cage according to the invention it may be advantageous, particularly for manufacturing and / or technological reasons, not to design it solid but in a ribbed structure that is open towards the front.
  • the cavities formed must be filled with cores made of the same or different materials because of the high compressive strength required. It is therefore advantageous if the cavities are wedge-like. In the acceleration phase of the lower-caliber floor, such cores are held in their position due to the inertia. Such thinner wall segments have higher strength values, and potential heat dissipation and shrinkage problems during manufacture are more likely to be avoided.
  • Another major advantage is that the properties of the sabot as a whole can be further improved by a special choice of material for the cores to be used.
  • the properties of high-strength anisotropic material can be optimally used both for the frame of the segments of the sabot and for the cores to be used.
  • the cavities in the segments of the sabot are filled with wedge-shaped and plate-shaped elements, the axis of the lower-caliber floor being in the plane of the plate-shaped elements.
  • the plate shape preferred for filling the cavities can also be transferred to the segmented sabot in another form, namely if plate-like parts are provided between the individual segments of the sabot, the mechanical properties of which are optimized to transmit the highest possible propellant gas pressure to the lower-caliber floor.
  • the increased manufacturing effort is not so significant since the production of anisotropic plate-shaped parts is relatively simple.
  • Plate-shaped parts are preferably used in the cores or between the segments made of materials with oriented fibers, while fiber-filled molding compounds are used for the wedge-shaped cores or else for the segment skeleton.
  • regions can be formed during production which act as inflow surfaces in the sabot and favor the disintegration of the sabot after leaving the tube.
  • a lower-caliber floor 1 with a diameter d 1 should be fired in a tube 2 with a diameter d 2.
  • the sabot 3 seals the powder gases (indicated here by arrows p), through which the force is transmitted to the lower-caliber floor 1, and it also takes over the leadership in the pipe 2.
  • the sabot is a rotationally symmetrical body made up of three segments. His (seen in the weft direction) front area is formed by a guide plate 4. According to the invention, the drive area has a drive surface 5 which extends practically to the end of the lower-caliber floor. It has the effect that the greatest possible acceleration forces can be introduced into the lower-caliber floor 1 practically distributed over the entire length of the lower-caliber floor 1 with sufficient radial pressure.
  • the guide area and the drive area practically meet; a frustoconical part 7 connects to the guide plate 4.
  • the entire sabot 3 is formed by three segments. Due to a storage area 8 on the end face of the guide plate 4, the sabot 3 is released along the seams 9 from the lower-caliber floor 1 as a result of the high speed (> 1000 m / s) when leaving the pipe.
  • frictional forces alone are generally sufficient. out; If necessary, grooves, threads or shoulders could improve the transmission of power.
  • the sabot 3 can be made entirely of reinforced plastic.
  • the contour of the drive surface 5 of the drive area is that of a truncated cone.
  • the sabot extends to the tail unit 6 of the lower-caliber floor 1.
  • the center of gravity of the drive surface is very far forward due to this shape, so that an additional guide in the rear area, which was previously very important especially with a disk-shaped drive surface, is less important; it can often even be omitted entirely.
  • FIG. 1 two lines 11, 12 are drawn in with dashed lines, which are intended to indicate two other possible configurations of the drive surface, to which reference is made in FIG. 3.
  • the contour 11 indicates that the generatrix 5 of the drive surface does not necessarily have to be a straight line, but can also sag concavely or convexly, with a strictly monotonous, steady increase in the diameter in the weft direction.
  • At the contour 12 extends the drive body 7 to the tail unit 6 of the lower-caliber floor 1. This course does not necessarily have to be straight.
  • a drive body 7 which extends to the end of the lower-caliber floor 1 or beyond, is somewhat more complex to manufacture; It has been shown that a drive body 7 which only extends to the tail unit 6 or into the tail unit also comes very close to the optimal drive.
  • the voltage curve along the lower-caliber floor is shown in a schematically simplified manner in FIG. 3.
  • the propellant gas-induced pressure p at the end of the lower-caliber floor produces a compressive stress (indicated schematically by - p), which decreases to l 1 and then has only a weakly negative or positive value according to contour 5 in FIG. 1.
  • the voltage curve is shown in dashed lines (13) as it would occur if the propellant gas pressure were introduced into the propellant cage at a level of 4 .
  • There would be a very high voltage peak at 4 negative stresses (compressive stresses) would be expected close behind, because the front area of the lower-caliber floor is pressing here.
  • FIG. 1 Due to the high peaks and the high gradients of the stress curve, the material stress on the lower-caliber floor would be very critical.
  • a voltage profile that corresponds to the contour 12 in FIG. 1 is also shown in FIG gur 3 shown. The course is very smooth, tensile stresses can be avoided entirely.
  • FIG. 4 shows the top view from the front of a lower-caliber floor 1, surrounded by a sabot 14, which can be divided into three parts. Each of these segments has a cavity 14 which tapers continuously towards the tail unit 6.
  • each cavity 14 is filled with a usually multi-part core, the material of the frame 15 of a segment need not be identical to the core material.
  • the core itself can also consist of differently shaped elements, including different materials. Two examples are given in FIG. 4: firstly, the core consists of four elements 16, which are very similar to the "large" sabot segments; however, the variant with two different core element types 17, 18 is particularly preferred.
  • Plate-shaped elements 18 are high-strength plastic parts with oriented fibers; the wedge-shaped elements 17 preferably consist of molding compounds filled with short fiber.
  • the fibers in the plate-shaped elements 18 should run in several layers in both the radial and the axial direction. Layers which are inclined at 45 ° or perpendicular to the contour 12 of the sabot can also be provided. It goes without saying that the core elements 16, 17, 18 generally have to be machined, especially in the radial area, so that a sufficiently high, uniform compressive strength of the plastic driving cage is ensured.
  • FIG. 5 shows again only schematically that between the usually three large segments 19, which in turn may not have cavities filled with cores as shown in FIG. 4, plate-like elements 20 can be contained, which from the outer surface of the sabot reach to the lower-caliber floor 1. If the segments 19 contain radial boundaries 21 (shown on the left in FIG. 5), wedges 21 similar to the wedges 17 in FIG. 4 are additionally required. However, the segments can also be machined as by line 23 It is shown on the right in FIG. 5 that no further parts are required between the plate-shaped elements 20 and the segments 19.
  • An embodiment of the sabot according to FIG. 5 enables an even better power transmission to the lower-caliber floor, wherein the grooves or threads already mentioned above can also be attached to the transition area 24 from the plate-shaped elements 20 to the lower-caliber floor 1.
  • FIG. 6 shows a plate-shaped element 20 according to FIG. 5, in which a nose-like extension 25 is formed in the guide area 4.
  • the projections protrude forward from the sabot and form an inflow surface through which the detachment of the sabot from the lower-caliber floor is promoted after leaving the pipe. It is immediately obvious that the additional manufacturing effort for such an embodiment according to the invention is quite small.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Aiming, Guidance, Guns With A Light Source, Armor, Camouflage, And Targets (AREA)
  • Wind Motors (AREA)
  • Portable Nailing Machines And Staplers (AREA)
  • Earth Drilling (AREA)
  • Toys (AREA)
  • Vending Machines For Individual Products (AREA)
  • Types And Forms Of Lifts (AREA)
  • Elevator Control (AREA)

Abstract

The sabot (3) conventionally composed of three segments and intended for a subcalibre projectile (1) is so designed that the surface (5), on which propellent-charge gases act, is preferably drawn out frustoconically, with the apex rearwards, as far as the end of the subcalibre projectile (1). The force can thereby be transmitted in a uniform distribution virtually over the entire surface of the subcalibre projectile. At the same time, the transmission between the sabot (3) and the subcalibre projectile (1) is increased so that the entire sabot (3) can be produced from fibre-reinforced plastic, that additional positive transitions between the sabot (3) and the subcalibre projectile do not necessarily have to be present, but nevertheless a very high propellent-gas pressure (p) can be used. Preferably, each segment possesses wedge-like cavities (14) which are open in the firing direction and which are filled with cores (16, 17, 18). Plate-like parts (20) between the segments (19) are also advantageous. <IMAGE>

Description

Die Erfindung richtet sich auf einen in Segmente zerlegbaren Treibkäfig mit Formschluß zu einem Unterkalibergeschoß, einen vorderen Führungsbereich und einen Antriebsbereich mit einer Antriebsfläche aufweisend, wobei sich das Profil der Antriebs­fläche vom Führungsbereich her stetig abnehmend dem Umfangsbe­reich des Unterkalibergeschosses annähert.The invention is directed to a drive cage that can be dismantled into segments with a positive fit to a lower-caliber floor, having a front guide area and a drive area with a drive surface, the profile of the drive surface gradually decreasing from the guide area approaching the peripheral area of the lower-caliber floor.

Zum Verschießen eines Unterkalibergeschosses wird ein Treibkä­fig verwendet, über den im wesentlichen der Druck der Treibgase zur Beschleunigung auf das Unterkalibergeschoß übertragen und durch den das Unterkalibergeschoss im Rohr geführt wird. Der Treibkäfig für ein Unterkalibergeschoß ist ein rotationssymme­trischer Körper, der durch Trennschnitte in (üblicherweise drei) Segmente zerteilt ist, damit er sich nach dem Verlassen des Waffenrohres zerlegt und vom Unterkalibergeschoß abfällt.To fire a sub-caliber floor, a sabot is used, via which the pressure of the propellant gases is transmitted to the sub-caliber floor for acceleration and through which the sub-caliber floor is guided in the pipe. The sabot for a sub-caliber floor is a rotationally symmetrical body, which is divided into (usually three) segments by separating cuts so that it disassembles after leaving the gun barrel and falls off the sub-caliber floor.

Ein bekannter Treibkäfig (DE 3 033 041-A) hat einen Führungs­bereich, z.B. in Form einer vorderen Führungsplatte, und einen Antriebsbereich, meist auch in Form einer hinteren Antriebs­platte, und hat so näherungsweise ein hundeknochenähnliches Aussehen.A known sabot (DE 3 033 041-A) has a guide area, e.g. in the form of a front guide plate, and a drive area, usually also in the form of a rear drive plate, and thus has an approximately dog-bone-like appearance.

Die kinetische Energie, die auf ein Unterkalibergeschoß so übertragen werden kann, wird begrenzt durch die Materialeigen­schaften des Unterkalibergeschosses. Die auftretenden Spannun­gen sind konstruktiv zu beeinflussen, und es ist eine um so hö­here Energieübertragung möglich, je kleiner die durch die Treibladungsgase bedingten maximalen Druck- und Zugspannungen im Bereich der Übertragungsfläche auf das Unterkalibergeschoß sind. In Höhe der Antriebsplatte weist die Zugspannung im Un­terkalibergeschoß den höchsten Wert auf; sie schlägt nach hin­ten zum Leitwerk hin in einen Druckspannungsbereich um; auch zur Spitze des Unterkalibergeschosses hin tritt wiederum ein Druckspannungsbereich auf, der durch die Massenverteilung im vorderen Bereich des Unterkalibergeschosses bedingt ist.The kinetic energy that can be transferred to a sub-caliber floor is limited by the material properties of the sub-caliber floor. The stresses that occur must be influenced in terms of design, and the higher the energy transfer possible, the smaller the maximum compressive and tensile stresses caused by the propellant gases in the area of the transmission surface to the lower-caliber floor. At the level of the drive plate, the tensile stress on the lower-caliber floor has the highest value; it turns back towards the tail unit into a compressive stress area; a compressive stress range also occurs towards the top of the lower-caliber floor, which is due to the mass distribution in the front area of the lower-caliber floor.

In der DE 2 836 963-A und der EP 152 492-A sind ein Treibkäfig dahingehend abgewandelt, daß anstelle einer Antriebsplatte die Antriebsfläche axial auseinandergezogen ist und die Antriebs­fläche ein durchhängendes, sich an die Außenkante des Umfangs­bereichs des Geschosses annäherndes Profil aufweist. Der Treibladungskäfig umfaßt etwa die Hälfte des Geschosses. Durch diese Form der Antriebsfläche wird der Formschluß zwischen Ge­schoß und Treibkäfig verbessert und der Massenanteil des Treib­käfigs verringert. Bei einer solchen Form des Treibkäfigs kann der nicht mehr von der Antriebsfläche umgebene Teil des Ge­schosses abreißen; der maximale Treibgasdruck wird dadurch be­grenzt.In DE 2 836 963-A and EP 152 492-A, a sabot is modified in such a way that instead of a drive plate, the drive surface is pulled apart axially and the drive surface has a sagging profile that approximates the outer edge of the peripheral region of the projectile. The propellant charge cage covers about half of the floor. This shape of the drive surface improves the form fit between the projectile and sabot and reduces the mass fraction of the sabot. With such a shape of the sabot, the part of the projectile that is no longer surrounded by the drive surface can tear off; this limits the maximum LPG pressure.

Der Erfindung liegt die Aufgabe zugrunde, einen möglichst leichten Treibkäfig für ein Unterkalibergeschoß konstruktiv so zu gestalten, daß ein möglichst hoher Treibladungsgasdruck zur Beschleunigung des Unterkalibergeschosses ausgenutzt werden kann.The invention has for its object to construct the lightest possible sabot for a sub-caliber floor so that the highest possible propellant gas pressure can be used to accelerate the sub-caliber floor.

Zur Lösung der Aufgabe wird gemäß der Erfindung ein Treibkäfig vorgeschlagen, der dadurch gekennzeichnet ist, daß die An­triebsfläche von dem vorderen Führungsbereich bis zum Endbe­reich des Unterkalibergeschosses reicht.To achieve the object, a sabot is proposed according to the invention, which is characterized in that the drive surface extends from the front guide area to the end area of the lower-caliber floor.

Es hat sich überraschend gezeigt, daß ein relativ leichter Treibkäfig aus Kunststoff allen Anforderungen genügen kann.It has surprisingly been found that a relatively light plastic drive cage can meet all requirements.

Die Krafteinleitung in das Unterkalibergeschoß wird durch den erfindungsgemäßen Treibkäfig praktisch gleichmäßig auf die ge­samte Mantelfläche des Unterkalibergeschosses verteilt. Dadurch gehen die Maximalwerte zurück, und der Spannungsverlauf in An­triebsrichtung wird wesentlich gleichmäßiger. Es läßt sich er­reichen, daß nur Druckspannungen und kaum Zugspannungen auftre­ten. Bei gleicher Übertragungsfläche kann beispielsweise bei einer kegelförmigen Kontur des Treibkäfigs im Vergleich zu ei­ner zylindrischen Kontur die Kraftübertragung vom Treibkäfig zum Unterkalibergeschoß mehr als verdoppelt werden.The introduction of force into the lower-caliber floor is practically evenly distributed over the entire lateral surface of the lower-caliber floor by the sabot according to the invention. As a result, the maximum values decrease and the voltage curve in the drive direction becomes much more uniform. It can be achieved that only compressive stresses and hardly any tensile stresses occur. With the same transmission surface, for example with a conical contour of the sabot compared to a cylindrical contour, the power transmission from the sabot to the sub-caliber floor more than doubled.

Bei bekannten hundeknochenähnlichen Treibkäfigen kommt auch der hinteren abgedichteten Antriebsplatte eine Führungsfunktion im Rohr zu. Bei sehr langen Geschossen sind gemäß EP 192 492-A meist kalibergleiche Leitwerke und/oder radial vorstehende Vor­sprünge erforderlich. Bei dem erfindungsgemäßen Treibkäfig liegt die Ebene der Schwerpunkte der Antriebsflächen schon sehr nahe an dem Schwerpunkt von Unterkalibergeschoß und Treibkäfig zusammen, so daß allenfalls wenig beanspruchte Leitelemente, wie z.B. Führungsrippen, am hinteren Ende des Treibkäfigs aus­reichen, i.a. ist sogar ohne solche zusätzlichen Führungsele­mente eine ausreichend stabile Beschleunigung im Rohr mög­lich. Es kommt zu einer Verbesserung der Geschoßstabilität.In known dog bone-like sabots, the rear sealed drive plate also has a guiding function in the tube. In the case of very long storeys, in accordance with EP 192 492-A, stabilizers of the same caliber and / or radially projecting projections are usually required. In the sabot according to the invention, the plane of the center of gravity of the drive surfaces is already very close to the center of gravity of the lower-caliber floor and sabot, so that guide elements that are not used at all, such as e.g. Guide ribs, sufficient at the rear end of the sabot, generally a sufficiently stable acceleration in the tube is possible even without such additional guide elements. There is an improvement in bullet stability.

Beim Treibkäfig gemäß der Erfindung ist die im hinteren Bereich des Unterkalibergeschosses auftretende Druckspannung im wesent­lichen identisch mit der aufgrund des Gasdrucks der Treibladung nicht weiter zu verkleinernden statischen Druckspannung. Dage­gen lassen sich aufgrund dieser Konstruktion im gesamten Ver­lauf der Unterkalibermunition Zugspannungen weitgehend vermei­den, und der Spannungsverlauf ist allgemein niedrig und glatt.In the case of the sabot according to the invention, the compressive stress occurring in the rear area of the lower-caliber floor is essentially identical to the static compressive stress which can no longer be reduced due to the gas pressure of the propellant charge. On the other hand, due to this construction, tensile stresses can be largely avoided in the entire course of the sub-caliber ammunition, and the tension course is generally low and smooth.

Obwohl der erfindungsgemäße Treibkäfig sehr hohe Treibgasdrücke zuläßt, ist es möglich, ihn voll aus Kunststoff, vorzugsweise aus vertärktem Kunststoff, ganz besonders bevorzugt aus einem kohlefaserverstärkten Kunststoff, zu fertigen; Epoxidharz ist als Kunststoff bevorzugt. Es zeigt sich überraschend, daß wegen der recht gleichförmigen Anpreßkraft über der gesamten Oberflä­che des Unterkalibergeschosses eine einwandfreie hohe Kraft­übertragung von dem Treibkäfig auf das Geschoß geleistet werden kann, ohne weitere Hilfsmittel am Treibkäfig vorseheh zu müs­sen. Solche bekannten Hilfsmittel sind beispielsweise eine (teilbare) metallische Büchse innerhalb eines Treibkäfigs aus Kunststoff oder zwischen Geschoß und Treibladung miteinander korrespondierende Unebenheiten wie z.B. ein in das Geschoß ein­geschnittenes Gewinde zum längsaxial wirkenden Formschluß.Although the sabot according to the invention permits very high propellant pressures, it is possible to manufacture it entirely from plastic, preferably from reinforced plastic, very particularly preferably from a carbon fiber reinforced plastic; Epoxy resin is preferred as the plastic. It turns out surprisingly that because of the quite uniform contact pressure over the entire surface of the lower-caliber floor, a flawlessly high power transmission from the sabot to the floor can be achieved without having to provide any additional aids on the sabot. Such known aids are, for example, a (divisible) metallic sleeve within a plastic sabot or between the projectile and propellant charge corresponding bumps such as a thread cut into the projectile for a longitudinally axial positive engagement.

Bei einem erfindungsgemäßen Treibkäfig aus Kunststoff kann es vor allem aus fertigungstechnischen und/oder technologischen Gründen günstig sein, ihn nicht massiv sondern in einer ver­rippten, nach vorne offenen Struktur auszuführen. Die dabei ge­bildeten Hohlräume müssen wegen der erforderlichen hohen Druck­festigkeit mit entsprechenden Kernen aus dem gleichen oder an­deren Werkstoffen ausgefüllt werden. Vorteilhaft ist es daher, wenn die Hohlräume keilähnlich ausgebildet sind. In der Be­schleunigungsphase des Unterkalibergeschosses werden solche Kerne aufgrund der Massenträgheit in ihrer Position gehalten. Solche Segmente mit dünneren Wänden haben höhere Festigkeits­werte, und es lassen sich mögliche Probleme bei der Wärmeabfuhr und Schrumpfung während der Herstellung eher vermeiden. Ein we­sentlicher Vorteil ist außerdem, daß man durch eine spezielle Materialwahl für die einzusetzenden Kerne die Eigenschaften des Treibkäfigs als ganzes noch weiter verbessern kann. Sowohl für das Gerippe der Segmente des Treibkäfigs als auch für die ein­zusetzenden Kerne lassen sich die Eigenschaften hochfester an­isotoper Werkstoff optimal nutzen.In the case of a plastic drive cage according to the invention, it may be advantageous, particularly for manufacturing and / or technological reasons, not to design it solid but in a ribbed structure that is open towards the front. The cavities formed must be filled with cores made of the same or different materials because of the high compressive strength required. It is therefore advantageous if the cavities are wedge-like. In the acceleration phase of the lower-caliber floor, such cores are held in their position due to the inertia. Such thinner wall segments have higher strength values, and potential heat dissipation and shrinkage problems during manufacture are more likely to be avoided. Another major advantage is that the properties of the sabot as a whole can be further improved by a special choice of material for the cores to be used. The properties of high-strength anisotropic material can be optimally used both for the frame of the segments of the sabot and for the cores to be used.

Besonders vorteilhaft ist es, wenn man die Hohlräume in den Segmenten des Treibkäfigs mit keilförmigen und plattenförmigen Elementen ausfüllt, wobei die Achse des Unterkalibergeschosses in der Ebene der plattenförmigen Elemente liegt.It is particularly advantageous if the cavities in the segments of the sabot are filled with wedge-shaped and plate-shaped elements, the axis of the lower-caliber floor being in the plane of the plate-shaped elements.

Die zur Ausfüllung der Hohlräume bevorzugte Plattenform ist auch noch in anderer Form auf den segmentierten Treibkäfig zu übertragen, nämlich wenn zwischen den einzelnen Segmenten des Treibkäfigs plattenähnliche Teile vorgesehen sind, deren mecha­nische Eigenschaftswerte dahingehend optimiert sind, einen mög­lichst hohen Treibladungsgasdruck auf das Unterkalibergeschoß zu übertragen. Der erhöhte Fertigungsaufwand fällt nicht so sehr ins Gewicht, da die Fertigung anisotoper plattenförmiger Teile relativ einfach ist. Bevorzugt werden plattenförmige Teile in den Kernen bzw. zwischen den Segmenten aus Werkstoffen mit gerichteten Fasern eingesetzt, während für die keilförmigen Kerne oder auch für das Segmentgerippe fasergefüllte Preßmassen verwendet werden.The plate shape preferred for filling the cavities can also be transferred to the segmented sabot in another form, namely if plate-like parts are provided between the individual segments of the sabot, the mechanical properties of which are optimized to transmit the highest possible propellant gas pressure to the lower-caliber floor. The increased manufacturing effort is not so significant since the production of anisotropic plate-shaped parts is relatively simple. Plate-shaped parts are preferably used in the cores or between the segments made of materials with oriented fibers, while fiber-filled molding compounds are used for the wedge-shaped cores or else for the segment skeleton.

Insbesondere bei plattenförmigen Elementen für die Kerne oder bei plattenförmigen Teilen zwischen den Segmenten können bei der Herstellung Bereiche angeformt werden, die im Treibkäfig als Anströmflächen wirken und den Zerfall des Treibkäfigs nach Verlassen des Rohres begünstigen.In particular in the case of plate-shaped elements for the cores or in the case of plate-shaped parts between the segments, regions can be formed during production which act as inflow surfaces in the sabot and favor the disintegration of the sabot after leaving the tube.

Die Erfindung ist beispielhaft in der Zeichnung dargestellt und weiter beschrieben. Es zeigen:

  • Figur 1 Schnitt durch einen Treibkäfig mit einem Unterkali­bergeschoß;
  • Figur 2 Kräfteverteilung auf der Antriebsfläche des Treibkä­figs (Ausschnitt);
  • Figur 3 Spannungsverlauf in Achsrichtung des Unterkaliberge­schosses.
  • Figur 4 Draufsicht auf die Vorderseite eines Treibkäfigs mit keilähnlichen Hohlräumen und deren Ausfüllung mit zwei verschiedenen Kerntypen;
  • Figur 5 Draufsicht auf die Vorderseite eines Treibkäfigs mit durchgehenden plattenförmigen Teilen zwischen den Segmenten;
  • Figur 6 Seitenansicht eines plattenförmigen Teiles nach Figur 5 mit einer Anströmfläche an seiner Stirnseite.
The invention is illustrated by way of example in the drawing and described further. Show it:
  • Figure 1 section through a sabot with a lower-caliber floor;
  • Figure 2 distribution of forces on the drive surface of the sabot (detail);
  • Figure 3 Stress curve in the axial direction of the lower-caliber floor.
  • Figure 4 is a plan view of the front of a sabot with wedge-like cavities and their filling with two different types of core;
  • Figure 5 is a plan view of the front of a sabot with continuous plate-shaped parts between the segments;
  • Figure 6 side view of a plate-shaped part according to Figure 5 with an inflow surface on its end face.

Gemäß Figur 1 soll ein Unterkalibergeschoß 1 mit einem Durch­messer d₁ in einem Rohr 2 mit einem Durchmesser d₂ verschossen werden. Der Treibkäfig 3 nimmt die Abdichtung der Pulvergase (hier angedeutet durch Pfeile p) vor, durch ihn erfolgt der Kraftübertrag auf das Unterkalibergeschoß 1, und er übernimmt auch die Führung im Rohr 2.According to Figure 1, a lower-caliber floor 1 with a diameter d 1 should be fired in a tube 2 with a diameter d 2. The sabot 3 seals the powder gases (indicated here by arrows p), through which the force is transmitted to the lower-caliber floor 1, and it also takes over the leadership in the pipe 2.

Der Treibkäfig ist ein aus drei Segmenten aufgebauter, rota­tionssymmetrischer Körper. Sein (in Schußrichtung gesehener) vorderer Bereich wird von einer Führungsplatte 4 gebildet. Ge­mäß der Erfindung hat der Antriebsbereich eine Antriebsfläche 5, die praktisch bis zum Ende des Unterkalibergeschosses reicht. Durch sie wird bewirkt, daß praktisch über die ganze Länge des Unterkalibergeschosses 1 verteilt bei ausreichendem Radialdruck höchstmögliche Beschleunigungskräfte in das Unter­kalibergeschoß 1 eingeleitet werden können.The sabot is a rotationally symmetrical body made up of three segments. His (seen in the weft direction) front area is formed by a guide plate 4. According to the invention, the drive area has a drive surface 5 which extends practically to the end of the lower-caliber floor. It has the effect that the greatest possible acceleration forces can be introduced into the lower-caliber floor 1 practically distributed over the entire length of the lower-caliber floor 1 with sufficient radial pressure.

Bei dem Treibkäfig stoßen Führungsbereich und Antriebsbereich praktisch zusammen; an die Führungsplatte 4 schließt sich ein kegelstumpfähnliches Teil 7 an. Der gesamte Treibkäfig 3 wird von drei Segmenten gebildet. Aufgrund einer Staufläche 8 an der Stirnseite der Führungsplatte 4 wird infolge der hohen Ge­schwindigkeit (> 1000 m/s) beim Verlassen des Rohres der Treib­käfig 3 längs der Nähte 9 vom Unterkalibergeschoß 1 gelöst. Zur Ankoppelung des Treibkäfigs 3 an das Unterkalibergeschoß 1 längs der Naht 9 reichen Reibkräfte allein i.a. aus; erforder­lichenfalls könnten Rillen, Gewinde oder Absätze die Kraftüber­tragung noch verbessern.In the sabot, the guide area and the drive area practically meet; a frustoconical part 7 connects to the guide plate 4. The entire sabot 3 is formed by three segments. Due to a storage area 8 on the end face of the guide plate 4, the sabot 3 is released along the seams 9 from the lower-caliber floor 1 as a result of the high speed (> 1000 m / s) when leaving the pipe. For coupling the sabot 3 to the lower-caliber floor 1 along the seam 9, frictional forces alone are generally sufficient. out; If necessary, grooves, threads or shoulders could improve the transmission of power.

Der Treibkäfig 3 kann vollkommen aus verstärktem Kunststoff be­stehen. Die Kontur der Antriebsfläche 5 des Antriebsbereichs ist in diesem Beispiel die eines Kegelstumpfes. Der Treibkäfig reicht bis zum Leitwerk 6 des Unterkalibergeschosses 1. Der Schwerpunkt der Antriebsfläche ist durch diese Form recht weit vorn, so daß einer zusätzlichen Führung im hinteren Bereich, die bisher vor allem bei einer scheibenförmigen Antriebsfläche sehr wichtig war, eine geringere Bedeutung zukommt; sie kann häufig sogar ganz entfallen. In diesem Beispiel sind einige ra­dial abstehende Rippen 10 vorhanden.The sabot 3 can be made entirely of reinforced plastic. In this example, the contour of the drive surface 5 of the drive area is that of a truncated cone. The sabot extends to the tail unit 6 of the lower-caliber floor 1. The center of gravity of the drive surface is very far forward due to this shape, so that an additional guide in the rear area, which was previously very important especially with a disk-shaped drive surface, is less important; it can often even be omitted entirely. In this example there are some radially projecting ribs 10.

In der Figur 1 sind zwei Linien 11, 12 gestrichelt eingezeich­net, die zwei andere mögliche Ausbildungen der Antriebsfläche andeuten sollen, auf die in Figur 3 Bezug genommen ist. Die Kontur 11 deutet an, daß die Erzeugende 5 der Antriebsfläche nicht unbedingt eine Gerade sein muß, sondern auch konkav oder konvex durchhängen kann, wobei ein streng monotones, stetiges Wachsen des Durchmessers in Schußrichtung erfolgen soll. Bei dem Konturverlauf 12 reicht der Antriebskörper 7 bis zum Leit­werk 6 des Unterkalibergeschosses 1. Auch dieser Verlauf muß nicht unbedingt geradlinig sein. Wegen des Leitwerkes 6 am Un­terkalibergeschoß 1 ist ein Antriebskörper 7, der bis an das Ende des Unterkalibergeschosses 1 oder auch noch darüber hinaus reicht, etwas aufwendiger herzustellen; es hat sich gezeigt, daß ein Antriebskörper 7 der nur bis zum Leitwerk 6 oder in das Leitwerk hinein reicht, dem optimalen Antrieb auch noch sehr nahe kommt.In FIG. 1, two lines 11, 12 are drawn in with dashed lines, which are intended to indicate two other possible configurations of the drive surface, to which reference is made in FIG. 3. The contour 11 indicates that the generatrix 5 of the drive surface does not necessarily have to be a straight line, but can also sag concavely or convexly, with a strictly monotonous, steady increase in the diameter in the weft direction. At the contour 12 extends the drive body 7 to the tail unit 6 of the lower-caliber floor 1. This course does not necessarily have to be straight. Because of the tail unit 6 on the lower-caliber floor 1, a drive body 7, which extends to the end of the lower-caliber floor 1 or beyond, is somewhat more complex to manufacture; It has been shown that a drive body 7 which only extends to the tail unit 6 or into the tail unit also comes very close to the optimal drive.

In der Figur 2 soll verdeutlicht werden, daß bei einer geraden Kontur 5 wie in Figur 1 weitgehend über die ganze Länge des Un­terkalibergeschosses gleichmäßig die Kraft Pax durch die Treibladungsgase p eingeleitet werden kann. Die Schubkraft auf jedes Ringelement Δ1 wird neben dem Gasdruck p auch durch das Gewicht des Unterkalibergeschosses und des Treibkäfigs beein­flußt. Neben der axialen Komponente tritt hier stets auch eine radiale Komponente prad auf, die praktisch über die gesamte Fläche des Unterkalibergeschosses angreift und somit allein durch Reibung eine sehr große Kraft übertragen werden kann.In FIG. 2 it is to be clarified that, in the case of a straight contour 5, as in FIG. 1, the force P ax can be introduced uniformly by the propellant gases p over the entire length of the lower-caliber floor. The thrust force on each ring element Δ1 is influenced not only by the gas pressure p but also by the weight of the lower-caliber floor and the sabot. In addition to the axial component, a radial component p rad always occurs here, which acts practically over the entire surface of the lower-caliber floor and can therefore transmit a very large force solely by friction.

Der Spannungsverlauf längs des Unterkalibergeschosses ist in Figur 3 schematisch vereinfacht dargestellt. Bei einer kegel­stumpfförmigen Antriebsfläche 5 erzeugt der treibgasbedingte Druck p am Ende des Unterkalibergeschosses eine Druckspannung (schematisch gekennzeichnet durch - p), die sich bis l₁ abbaut und dann gemäß Kontur 5 in Figur 1 nur einen schwach negativen oder positiven Wert aufweist. Zum Vergleich ist gestrichelt (13) der Spannungsverlauf eingezeichnet, wie er auftreten würde, wenn in Höhe von 4 der Treibgasdruck über eine Scheibe in den Treibkäfig eingeleitet werden würde. Dort käme es bei 4 zu einer sehr hohen Spannungsspitze, dicht dahinter wären wie­der negative Spannungen (Druckspannungen) zu erwarten, weil der vordere Bereich des Unterkalibergeschosses hier drückt. Durch die hohen Spitzen und den hohen Gradienten des Spannungsver­laufes wäre hier die Materialbeanspruchung des Unterkaliberge­schosses sehr kritisch. Ein Spannungsverlauf, der der Kontur 12 in Figur 1 entspricht, ist mit dem Bezugszeichen 12 auch in Fi­ gur 3 dargestellt. Der Verlauf ist sehr glatt, Zugspannungen können ganz vermieden werden.The voltage curve along the lower-caliber floor is shown in a schematically simplified manner in FIG. 3. In the case of a frustoconical drive surface 5, the propellant gas-induced pressure p at the end of the lower-caliber floor produces a compressive stress (indicated schematically by - p), which decreases to l 1 and then has only a weakly negative or positive value according to contour 5 in FIG. 1. For comparison, the voltage curve is shown in dashed lines (13) as it would occur if the propellant gas pressure were introduced into the propellant cage at a level of 4 . There would be a very high voltage peak at 4 , negative stresses (compressive stresses) would be expected close behind, because the front area of the lower-caliber floor is pressing here. Due to the high peaks and the high gradients of the stress curve, the material stress on the lower-caliber floor would be very critical. A voltage profile that corresponds to the contour 12 in FIG. 1 is also shown in FIG gur 3 shown. The course is very smooth, tensile stresses can be avoided entirely.

Figur 4 zeigt die Draufsicht von vorn auf ein Unterkaliberge­schoß 1, umgeben von einem mit Hohlräumen 14 versehenen Treib­käfig, der sich in drei Teile zerlegen kann. Jedes dieser Seg­mente weist einen sich zum Leitwerk 6 hin stetig verjüngenden Hohlraum 14 auf. Im Treibkäfig ist jeder Hohlraum 14 mit einem üblicherweise mehrteiligen Kern gefüllt, wobei das Material des Gerippes 15 eines Segmentes nicht identisch mit dem Kernmate­rial sein muß. Auch der Kern selbst kann aus unterschiedlich geformten Elementen, auch aus verschiedenen Materialien, beste­hen. In der Figur 4 sind zwei Beispiele gegeben: einmal besteht der Kern aus vier Elementen 16, die sehr ähnlich sind wie die "großen" Treibkäfigsegmente; bevorzugt ist jedoch besonders die Variante mit zwei verschiedenen Kernelementtypen 17, 18. Plat­tenförmige Elemente 18 sind hochfeste Kunststoffteile mit ge­richteten Fasern; die keilförmigen Elemente 17 bestehen bevor­zugt aus mit Kurzfaser gefüllten Preßmassen. Die Fasern in den plattenförmigen Elementen 18 sollten in mehreren Lagen sowohl in radialer als auch in axialer Richtung verlaufen. Es können auch Lagen die um 45° dazu geneigt oder senkrecht zur Kontur 12 des Treibkäfigs verlaufen, vorgesehen sein. Es versteht sich, daß die Kernelemente 16, 17, 18 in der Regel vor allem im ra­dialen Bereich bearbeitet werden müssen, damit eine ausreichend hohe gleichmäßige Druckfestigkeit des Kunststofftreibkäfigs ge­währleistet bleibt.FIG. 4 shows the top view from the front of a lower-caliber floor 1, surrounded by a sabot 14, which can be divided into three parts. Each of these segments has a cavity 14 which tapers continuously towards the tail unit 6. In the sabot, each cavity 14 is filled with a usually multi-part core, the material of the frame 15 of a segment need not be identical to the core material. The core itself can also consist of differently shaped elements, including different materials. Two examples are given in FIG. 4: firstly, the core consists of four elements 16, which are very similar to the "large" sabot segments; however, the variant with two different core element types 17, 18 is particularly preferred. Plate-shaped elements 18 are high-strength plastic parts with oriented fibers; the wedge-shaped elements 17 preferably consist of molding compounds filled with short fiber. The fibers in the plate-shaped elements 18 should run in several layers in both the radial and the axial direction. Layers which are inclined at 45 ° or perpendicular to the contour 12 of the sabot can also be provided. It goes without saying that the core elements 16, 17, 18 generally have to be machined, especially in the radial area, so that a sufficiently high, uniform compressive strength of the plastic driving cage is ensured.

Bei Figur 5 ist wieder nur schematisch dargestellt, daß auch zwischen den üblicherweise drei großen Segmenten 19, die ihrer­seits hier nicht extra dargestellt mit Kernen gefüllte Hohl­räume wie in Figur 4 aufweisen können, plattenförmige Elemente 20 enthalten sein können, die von der äußeren Oberfläche des Treibkäfigs bis zum Unterkalibergeschoß 1 reichen. Wenn die Segmente 19 radial verlaufende Begrenzungen 21 (in Figur 5 links dargestellt) enthalten, sind zusätzlich noch Keile 21 ähnlich den Keilen 17 in Figur 4 erforderlich. Die Segmente können jedoch auch so bearbeitet sein, wie durch die Linie 23 rechts in Figur 5 dargestellt ist, daß keine weiteren Teile zwischen den plattenförmigen Elementen 20 und den Segmenten 19 erforderlich werden.5 shows again only schematically that between the usually three large segments 19, which in turn may not have cavities filled with cores as shown in FIG. 4, plate-like elements 20 can be contained, which from the outer surface of the sabot reach to the lower-caliber floor 1. If the segments 19 contain radial boundaries 21 (shown on the left in FIG. 5), wedges 21 similar to the wedges 17 in FIG. 4 are additionally required. However, the segments can also be machined as by line 23 It is shown on the right in FIG. 5 that no further parts are required between the plate-shaped elements 20 and the segments 19.

Eine Ausgestaltung des Treibkäfigs gemäß Figur 5 ermöglicht eine noch bessere Kraftübertragung auf das Unterkalibergeschoß, wobei in den Übergangsbereich 24 von den plattenförmigen Ele­menten 20 auf das Unterkalibergeschoß 1 auch noch die schon oben erwähnten Rillen oder Gewinde angebracht sein können.An embodiment of the sabot according to FIG. 5 enables an even better power transmission to the lower-caliber floor, wherein the grooves or threads already mentioned above can also be attached to the transition area 24 from the plate-shaped elements 20 to the lower-caliber floor 1.

Figur 6 zeigt ein plattenförmiges Element 20 gemäß Figur 5, bei dem im Führungsbereich 4 ein nasenartiger Fortsatz 25 angeformt ist. Die Fortsätze ragen nach vorne aus dem Treibkäfig heraus und bilden eine Anströmfläche, durch die die Ablösung des Treibkäfigs vom Unterkalibergeschoß nach Verlassen des Rohres begünstigt wird. Es leuchtet unmittelbar ein, daß der Ferti­gungsmehraufwand für eine solche erfindungsgemäße Ausführung recht klein ist.FIG. 6 shows a plate-shaped element 20 according to FIG. 5, in which a nose-like extension 25 is formed in the guide area 4. The projections protrude forward from the sabot and form an inflow surface through which the detachment of the sabot from the lower-caliber floor is promoted after leaving the pipe. It is immediately obvious that the additional manufacturing effort for such an embodiment according to the invention is quite small.

Claims (10)

1. In Segmente zerlegbarer Treibkäfig (3) mit Formschluß zu einem Unterkalibergeschoß (1), einem vorderen Führungsbe­reich (4) und einem Antriebsbereich mit einer Antriebs­fläche (5) aufweisend, wobei sich das Profil der Antriebs­fläche (3) vom Führungsbereich (4) her stetig abnehmend dem Umfangsbereich des Unterkalibergeschosses (1) annä­hert, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Antriebsfläche (5) vom vorderen Führungsbereich (4) bis zum Endbereich des Unterkalibergeschosses (1) reicht.1. Slicable sabot (3) with positive locking to a lower-caliber floor (1), a front guide area (4) and a drive area with a drive surface (5), the profile of the drive surface (3) from the guide area (4) steadily decreasing approaches the circumferential area of the lower-caliber floor (1), characterized in that the drive surface (5) extends from the front guide area (4) to the end area of the lower-caliber floor (1). 2. Treibkäfig nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß der Treibkäfig (3) aus Kunststoff, vorzugsweise einem fa­serverstärkten Kunststoff besteht.2. sabot according to claim 1, characterized in that the sabot (3) consists of plastic, preferably a fiber-reinforced plastic. 3. Treibkäfig nach Anspruch 1 oder 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß der Kunststoff ein Epoxidharz und die Fasern Kohlefa­sern sind.3. sabot according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the plastic is an epoxy resin and the fibers are carbon fibers. 4. Treibkäfig nach Anspruch 1, 2 oder 3, dadurch gekenn­zeichnet, daß die Antriebsfläche (5) näherungsweise die Form eines Kegelstumpfes hat.4. sabot according to claim 1, 2 or 3, characterized in that the drive surface (5) has approximately the shape of a truncated cone. 5. Treibkäfig nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 4, dadurch ge­kennzeichnet, daß im Antriebsbereich Leitelemente, z.B. Rippen (10), an der Antriebsfläche (5) vorhanden sind.5. sabot according to one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that guide elements, e.g. Ribs (10) on the drive surface (5) are present. 6. Treibkäfig nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 5, dadurch ge­kennzeichnet, daß jedes Segment in Schußrichtung offene keilähnliche Hohlräume (14) aufweist und die Hohlräume (14) mit Kernen (16, 17, 18) ausgefüllt sind.6. sabot according to one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that each segment has wedge-like cavities (14) open in the weft direction and the cavities (14) are filled with cores (16, 17, 18). 7. Treibkäfig nach Anspruch 6, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Hohlräume mit verschiedenen Kerntypen (16, 17, 18) ausgefüllt sind.7. sabot according to claim 6, characterized in that the cavities are filled with different core types (16, 17, 18). 8. Treibkäfig nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 7, dadurch ge­ kennzeichnet, daß zwischen den Segmenten (19) des Treibkä­figs (3) plattenförmige Teile (20) vorhanden sind, wobei die Achse des Unterkalibergeschosses (1) in der Ebene der plattenförmigen Teile (20) liegt.8. sabot according to one of claims 1 to 7, characterized ge indicates that there are plate-shaped parts (20) between the segments (19) of the sabot (3), the axis of the lower-caliber floor (1) lying in the plane of the plate-shaped parts (20). 9. Treibkäfig nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 8, dadurch ge­kennzeichnet, daß die plattenförmigen Teile (18, 20) zwi­schen den Segmenten und/oder in den Hohlräumen (14) aus einem Werkstoff mit gerichteten Fasern aufgebaut sind und die Keile (17, 22) aus fasergefüllten Preßmassen bestehen.9. sabot according to one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that the plate-shaped parts (18, 20) between the segments and / or in the cavities (14) are constructed from a material with oriented fibers and the wedges (17, 22nd ) consist of fiber-filled molding compounds. 10. Treibkäfig nach einem der Ansprüche 6 bis 9, dadurch ge­kennzeichnet, daß die zwischen den Segmenten eingescho­benen plattenförmigen Gebilde (20) oder die Kerne (16, 17, 18) in den Hohlräumen (4) Nasen (25) aufweisen, die aus der Führungsplatte (4) als Anströmfläche herausragen.10. sabot according to one of claims 6 to 9, characterized in that the inserted between the segments plate-shaped structures (20) or the cores (16, 17, 18) in the cavities (4) have lugs (25) which from the Project the guide plate (4) as the inflow surface.
EP89105382A 1988-04-07 1989-03-25 Sabot for a subcalibre projectile Expired - Lifetime EP0336252B1 (en)

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DE3811597A DE3811597A1 (en) 1988-04-07 1988-04-07 DRIVING CAGE FOR A SUB-CALIBAR FLOOR
DE3811597 1988-04-07

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WO1993002334A1 (en) * 1991-07-17 1993-02-04 Steyr-Daimler-Puch Aktiengesellschaft Sub-calibre projectile with discarding cap

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US5789699A (en) * 1996-12-16 1998-08-04 Primex Technologies, Inc. Composite ply architecture for sabots
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US8074572B1 (en) 2009-03-30 2011-12-13 The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of The Navy Conical dart sub-munitions for cargo round
US8695507B1 (en) * 2011-06-01 2014-04-15 The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of The Army Composite sabot
US10859357B2 (en) * 2017-06-09 2020-12-08 Simulations, LLC Sabot, bore rider, and methods of making and using same
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DE3811597A1 (en) 1989-10-19
ATE106547T1 (en) 1994-06-15
US4953466A (en) 1990-09-04
DE58907733D1 (en) 1994-07-07
EP0336252B1 (en) 1994-06-01

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