EP0334905B1 - Pneumatic motor with jet-propulsion disk - Google Patents

Abstract

A pneumatic motor with jet-propulsion disk comprises a rotating shaft (1) mounted on bearings to which a rotary movement is imparted by a high-speed jet of compressed air issuing from at least one part (4) or exhaust outlet arranged radially at any desired angle on at least one propulsion disk (3) integral with the shaft of the motor, said part opening on the outer diameter of the propulsion disk into an exhaust chamber.

Description

Different types of pneumatic motors are known. Mention may be made, for example, of patent US Pat. No. 3,748,054, where the drive of a propellant disc is effected by injecting an air jet at the periphery of the disc. Mention may also be made of patent FR 2 202 529 where the injection of the fluid with a view to driving a propellant disc is carried out at its drive axis. In this patent, the disc uses a special chamber to create the evacuation of air under the effect of centrifugal force.

The problem which the invention proposes to solve is to produce a motor capable of working at very high speed and finding multiple applications in particular for tools requiring cutting speeds requiring rotational speeds of the order of several tens of thousands. revolutions per minute.

Another problem which the invention proposes to solve is to design a pneumatic motor of simple manufacture, quick assembly, inexpensive, of low weight and size avoiding any connecting and fixing part, while guaranteeing high reliability. Operating.
To solve this problem, it has been designed and developed a pneumatic motor of the type of those consisting, in known manner, of a rotating shaft mounted on bearings and driven in rotation under the effect of at least one jet of air exiting from at least one orifice, or exhaust outlet, formed radially at any angle on at least one propellant disc secured to the axis of the engine, the air jet being injected at said axis, the propellant disc being arranged with a bore central for its mounting on the axis and comprising, on one of its sides, a recess constituting a chamber for receiving the air jet, in the form of a fluid under pressure and high flow rate, said air jet being injected by means of a groove formed on the axis, said chamber being in communication with one or more exhaust ducts formed in the thickness of the disc and one end of which opens out from its outer periphery, constituting a reactive duct.

According to the invention, the receiving chamber is cylindrical, the exhaust duct or ducts are formed throughout the thickness of the disc while flanges close the disc and the exhaust duct or ducts laterally.

The flanges are attached and glued to the lateral faces of the disc and to the axis of the engine, the propellant disc (s) also being glued to the axis.

The propellant disc is mounted in an exhaust cage having a cylindrical sleeve and extending on one side with a wall forming a bottom mounted in a fixed position on the bearings; an exhaust grille being attached and fixed to the outer or inner periphery of said sleeve.

According to another characteristic, the engine finds a particularly advantageous application for deburring and grinding turbines.

These characteristics and others will become apparent from the following description.

• La figure 1 est une vue en coupe longitudinale du moteur pneumatique selon l'invention.
• La figure 2 est une vue à grande échelle et en perspective du disque propulseur du moteur, illustrant notamment la chambre de réception du fluide.
• La figure 3 est une vue de face du disque propulseur.
• La figure 4 est une vue de côté selon la ligne A-A de la figure 3.

To fix the subject of the invention in a nonlimiting manner illustrated in the figures of the drawings where:

• Figure 1 is a longitudinal sectional view of the pneumatic motor according to the invention.
• FIG. 2 is a large-scale perspective view of the propellant disk of the engine, in particular illustrating the fluid reception chamber.
• Figure 3 is a front view of the propellant disc.
• FIG. 4 is a side view along the line AA in FIG. 3.

In order to make the object of the invention more concrete, it is now described in a nonlimiting manner in the figures of the drawings.

The pneumatic motor consists of a rotating shaft (1) at very high speed mounted on two bearings (2) and driven in rotation under the effect of at least one jet of air exiting under pressure and high flow leaving at least one orifice or exhaust outlet formed radially at any angle on at least one propellant disc (3) integral with the axis of the engine, said orifice opening onto the outside diameter of said propellant disc.

More precisely, the pneumatic motor comprises one or more cages for receiving one or more propulsion discs driven in rotation by at least one injection of a pressurized fluid, liquid or gaseous.

Referring to the drawings, the engine comprises a propellant disc (3) arranged with a central bore (3.1) for mounting on the axis of the engine.

The disc comprises on one of its sides a recess (3.2) constituting a chamber for receiving the pressurized fluid.

On the periphery of the propellant disc and in its thickness are made one or more exhaust ducts (4) originating at their end (4.1) while being in communication with the receiving chamber, and projecting through their other end (4.2) by constituting a reactive conduit over all or part of the width of the propellant disc and on the outer periphery thereof by projecting the fluid into the inner chamber of the cage exhaust.

The shape and profile of the exhaust and reactant duct (s) are produced in the most suitable manner for guiding and orienting the fluid, and for practical implementation.

The propellant disc is mounted and fixed on the axis by any appropriate means and in particular by gluing. On either side of the propellant disk are disposed front and rear flanges (5-6), intended to laterally seal the disk receiving chamber and the fluid exhaust duct or ducts while leaving the reactive duct free. These flanges made of any suitable material, of desired thickness, are attached and fixed to the side faces of the disc and advantageously by gluing. They are also fixed by gluing by their internal bore (5.1-6.1) on the axis of the motor.

The assembly thus formed is rotatably mounted in the exhaust cage (7). This is in the form of a cylindrical sleeve with a bottom wall (7.1) mounted in a fixed position on the bearings (2). An exhaust grid (8) is attached and fixed to the external or internal periphery of the sleeve part of the receiving cage of the propellant disc. This grid is arranged in its central part with an opening for the introduction of a fluid injection nozzle (9) mounted at the end of a fluid supply pipe. The axis of the nozzle is opposite the end of the motor axis. The end of the latter is conical and partially engages in said nozzle to avoid loss of the fluid. To guide and introduce the fluid into the receiving chamber of the propellant disc, there is provided on the axis a groove (10) constituting the fluid injection conduit.

There is also provided at the rear of the pneumatic motor thus designed a nose or stop ring (11) coming to bear on the bearings.

The operation of the air motor should be specified. The user sends a pressurized fluid through the injection nozzle which penetrates via the injection duct produced on the axis of the engine into the receiving chamber of the propellant disc.

The fluid is then evacuated by the exhaust duct (s) arranged radially on the propellant disc. The latter is then rotated by driving the axis of the motor with which it is associated. The fluid is projected onto the internal periphery of the exhaust cage, then it is discharged through the openings or vents of the exhaust grille.

According to the experiments carried out, such an engine rotates at a speed which can be regulated by the intensity of projection of the fluid in order to reliably reach speeds between 25,000 and 150,000 revolutions / minute.

Without departing from the scope of the invention, the pneumatic motor can comprise several propulsion discs mounted on the shaft giving it multiple possibilities of torque. Via the injection pipe produced on the engine axis, all the reception chambers produced on each disc will be at the same pressure as will the exhaust pipes.

Furthermore, the exhaust duct is extended to form the reactive duct, the latter being produced in the form of a hole, a slot, a keyway-like groove, of cross section suitable for the desired engine torque. .

The pneumatic motor according to the invention finds numerous applications.

In particular, this engine is particularly advantageous for deburring and grinding turbines, or engraving or drilling.

• la simplicité de montage du moteur, évitant l'utilisation de toutes pièces de liaison.
• la simplicité de fabrication des éléments constitutifs du moteur réduisant son prix de revient.
• La grande fiabilité de fonctionnement.

The advantages emerge clearly from the invention. In particular, we emphasize:

• the simplicity of mounting the motor, avoiding the use of any connecting parts.
• the simplicity of manufacture of the constituent elements of the engine reducing its cost price.
• High operating reliability.

Claims (9)

1. Air motor consisting of a bearing-mounted rotating shaft (1) driven by at least one air jet from at least one orifice or vent contrived radially and at a given angle to at least one impeller (3) integral with the motor shaft, the air jet being injected into said shaft and the impeller (3) featuring a central bore (3.1) for shaft mounting and a recessed channel (3.2) on either side to receive the air jet injected under pressure and at high flow rates through an integral shaft line, said recessed channel communicating with one or more vent slots (4) contrived in the thickness of the impeller (3), with one end of the slot(s) opening onto the circumference of the impeller and constituting a reactive channel, characterized in that the recessed channel is cylindrical and in that the vent slot(s) are contrived in the full thickness of the impeller and in that the shrouds (5) (6) laterally obturate the impeller (3) and the vent slot(s).
2. Motor as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that the shrouds are glued onto the impeller sides and the motor shaft and in that the impeller(s) are likewise glued onto the shaft.
3. Motor as claimed in both claims 1 and 2, characterized in that the impeller is mounted within an impeller housing (7) consisting of a cylindrical sleeve extending down one side with a wall acting as a bottom rigidly positioned on the bearings and a loose vent gate (8) being mounted on the outer or inner periphery of said sleeve.
4. Motor as claimed in claim 3, characterized in that the vent gate (8) is designed to receive the end of an injection nozzle equipping a fluid supply line.
5. Motor as claimed in any of claims 1, 2, 3 and 4, characterized in that the shaft of said motor features an integral injection fluid line between the recessed impeller channel and the injection nozzle.
6. Motor as claimed in claim 5, characterized in that the motor shaft end is conical, entering the cavity of the injection nozzle to a substantial depth.
7. Motor as claimed in any of claims 1, 3, 4, 5 and 6, characterized in that it features a plurality of impeller housings, each equipped with an impeller.
8. Motor as claimed in any of claims 1, 3, 4, 5 and 6, characterized in that it features a plurality of impellers mounted in the same housing and on the same motor shaft, said shaft being contrived with an injection line carrying a fluid under a single pressure to the various recessed impeller channels.
9. Use of the motor described in any of claims 1, 3, 4, 5 and 6 and either of claims 7 or 8, in applications such as deburring, grinding, engraving or drilling turbines.

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