EP0334002B2 - Thread milling cutter - Google Patents

Thread milling cutter Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0334002B2
EP0334002B2 EP89101839A EP89101839A EP0334002B2 EP 0334002 B2 EP0334002 B2 EP 0334002B2 EP 89101839 A EP89101839 A EP 89101839A EP 89101839 A EP89101839 A EP 89101839A EP 0334002 B2 EP0334002 B2 EP 0334002B2
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
thread
milling cutter
thread milling
cutting
tool
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EP89101839A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP0334002A2 (en
EP0334002B1 (en
EP0334002A3 (en
Inventor
Josef Dipl.-Ing. Giessler (Fh)
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Prototyp Werke GmbH Fabrik fuer Praezisionswerkzeuge
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Prototyp Werke GmbH Fabrik fuer Praezisionswerkzeuge
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23G—THREAD CUTTING; WORKING OF SCREWS, BOLT HEADS, OR NUTS, IN CONJUNCTION THEREWITH
    • B23G5/00—Thread-cutting tools; Die-heads
    • B23G5/18—Milling cutters
    • B23G5/182—Milling cutters combined with other tools
    • B23G5/184—Milling cutters combined with other tools combined with drills
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T408/00—Cutting by use of rotating axially moving tool
    • Y10T408/89—Tool or Tool with support
    • Y10T408/904—Tool or Tool with support with pitch-stabilizing ridge
    • Y10T408/9048—Extending outwardly from tool-axis
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T409/00—Gear cutting, milling, or planing
    • Y10T409/30—Milling
    • Y10T409/300056—Thread or helix generating
    • Y10T409/30056—Thread or helix generating with planetary cutter

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a method for introduction a threaded blind hole using a Thread milling cutter according to claim 1 and a thread milling cutter according to claim 2.
  • Such a thread milling cutter is by the US-PS 4 651 374 and is designed like a drill, with a drill tip formed by two cutting edges and four spiral flutes on the outer surface of the tool, one of which two start from the peripheral edges of the cutting edges and the others offset axially backwards leak.
  • the spiral spirals separated from the flutes Circumferential areas of the tool with relief, provided tooth-like cutting studs, which run approximately in the circumferential direction of the tool.
  • the two drill bits at the top of the Tools are around one from the side of the tool inclined to each other, which can be, for example, 120 °; the two Cutting edges are generators of a conical surface.
  • the end facing away from the tip of the drill of the known thread milling cutter preferably has one enlarged diameter and is for Set up in a machine tool.
  • thread milling cutter it is the purpose of the well-known thread milling cutter, to be as simple and rational as possible Way to make a threaded blind hole.
  • the purpose of the thread milling cutter is initially like a drill is rotated about its longitudinal axis and into the one with the threaded blind hole provided material is lowered until the target Hole depth is reached.
  • the threaded blind holes produced in this way also have at the bottom of the borehole the usual, over the lowest thread outgoing drill outlet, so that the blind hole is even deeper than the achievable screw-in depth. But sometimes it would be beneficial if extend the threads to the bottom of the borehole would.
  • the production of such a threaded blind hole is extremely complex, must be done with specially ground taps be carried out and will therefore, wherever only possible, avoided, so that Thread sack lock in student work, engineering training is considered a design flaw if not special circumstances such a blind hole construction imperative.
  • the Invention based on the object, the aforementioned known thread milling cutter in this regard to further develop that he prefers to mill Burr-free blind holes with the greatest possible screw-in depth as well as with a diameter to allow not just the nominal diameter (Outside diameter of the thread milling cutter plus twice the pitch), but can also be arbitrarily larger, so that it is possible is, with one and the same thread milling cutter threaded blind holes to manufacture the same one Slope, but very different diameters have and preferably a burr-free thread inlet exhibit. It will also be a procedure aimed at by which at least one of the mentioned goals is achievable.
  • the tool according to the invention not as the well-known, as a drill, but rather designed as a face milling cutter, the face cutting edges form an angle with each other, which is greater than 180 °.
  • the invention Tool can thus be reached after reaching the desired drill hole depth immediately to the side any degree, according to which the Tool travels its circular trajectory and raised by the amount of the slope becomes. It is also possible to order the tool to move a relatively small dimension laterally, in the limit, only by the measure of the pitch.
  • the face angle of the face milling cutter is according to the invention more than 180 °, so that the tool according to the invention a flat hollow tip has that for self-centering the Tool contributes.
  • the bottom of the borehole thus points a flat, conical elevation, but the when relocating the rotating tool abraded immediately by the face milling cutter and thus this lateral displacement not disabled.
  • preferred and special essential embodiment of the invention has the lower peripheral edge of the cutter cutting bevel, which is preferred as radially ground edge break at the transition between a face cutter edge and a peripheral edge is trained.
  • the invention expressly does not relate only on the stressed thread milling cutter, but also to the claimed milling process a threaded hole whose diameter is larger is the nominal diameter of the thread milling cutter.
  • Chip flutes are like with a flute Drill removed from the borehole.
  • the end mill cutters involved in the drilling process at least partially with chip breaker grooves provided to prevent that in the cutting area of the tool jammed a chip and to Run the hole leads.
  • the thread milling cutter according to the invention can have more than two end cutting edges and preferably three or four end cutting edges, so that the thread milling cutters each extend up to a face milling cutter edge, so that the thread runout or the thread undercut is cut just as cleanly as all other sections of the internal thread produced.
  • the replacement is a circular trajectory of 360 ° to complete Making a thread is sufficient. However, this angle is preferred a little run over to a particularly clean thread to reach.
  • the axial length of the thread milling cutter is preferably at least equal to the thread depth of the borehole to be produced.
  • the tool according to the invention can also used to produce a multi-start thread become.
  • the tool according to the invention cannot only for the production of a blind hole, but like the well-known tool for manufacturing a threaded through hole can be used.
  • Drill bits 2 are formed, which are together include an angle ⁇ that is significantly smaller can be as 180 ° and about 120 °.
  • Wide flutes 3 separate the cutting edges 2 in Circumferential direction from each other and lead spirally on the shaft not shown in the drawing of the milling cutter upwards to the during the cutting process chips generated during drilling remove.
  • the circumferential area of the shaft that between the flutes 3 is undercut Cutting studs 4, which extend in the circumferential direction extend.
  • the length of the cutting lugs 4 in the circumferential direction is relatively small.
  • the relief grinding of the cutting studs 4 causes that even with the tool rotating do not jam if this per revolution of the Tool raised by the amount of a slope becomes.
  • end mill shown in FIG. 2 has instead of the one or two lowest thread lugs a circumferential cutting edge 14, which serves for to provide an undercut 6 (Fig. 3).
  • the radially ground chamfer 18 is used for Generation of an edge break in front of the hole Thread milling operation. So that becomes a qualitative high quality burr-free thread guaranteed.
  • Fig. 3 is a by a thread mill, such as it is shown in Fig. 2, manufactured threaded blind hole shown, which is formed in a material 5 is and a central axis 8 and an internal thread 7 should have, which in turn on shallow hole end undercut 6 and on opposite thread inlet a broken edge 20 has.
  • drilling is as deep as possible this corresponds to the axial length of the edge break 20.
  • the thread milling cutter is again along its length Axis 9 is fed against the material 5, the cutting edges 2 remove the material and the chips through the flutes convey outside.
  • the tool must have a circular path of at least Cover 360 °; this circular path should but not be much larger, otherwise the Undercut 6 achieved by the peripheral surfaces 14 is long.
  • the thread milling cutter can be used as a two, three or Multi-cutter (with four or more cutting edges) trained be, with multi-cutters expedient not all face cutting edges during the drilling process involved; usually only two or three cutting edges are engaged.
  • the remaining Cutting edges are set back slightly axially resetting within the perimeter edges 14 must be made so that a qualitative Impairment of the machined thread is excluded.
  • 4 is a thread milling cutter with four cutting edges 2 and four flutes 3 shown. In which The tools shown are all four end cutting edges 2 equally wide.
  • two of the cutting edges 2, and namely those who are involved in the drilling process Provide recesses 19 which form chip breakers.
  • the front teeth 2 are on their peripheral side End with a radially ground chamfer 18 provided that the attachment of an edge break 20 enabled at the beginning of the processing. Moreover is the lifespan of the chamfer 18 Tool increased.
  • the tool shown shows how also the circumferential cutting tool shown in FIG. 2 14 to produce the undercut 6 and Cutting studs 4 for milling the internal thread 7, each separated by thread grooves 13 are.
  • the tool shank 11 is for clamping of the tool 10 set up in a machine tool and can be a thread, a clamping surface, a slope or other, in the field the usual training for machine tools have to clamp.
  • the engagement section 12 faces one the shaft 11 the same or smaller outer diameter on.
  • the thread milling cutter can be made of high-speed steel, Hard metal or another suitable Cutting material to be made.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Milling Processes (AREA)
  • Sewing Machines And Sewing (AREA)
  • Disintegrating Or Milling (AREA)
  • Coloring Foods And Improving Nutritive Qualities (AREA)
  • Adjustment And Processing Of Grains (AREA)
  • Drilling Tools (AREA)

Abstract

In a thread milling cutter comprising at its tip cutting edges for making a bore, said cutting edges are formed as face milling cutting edges which enclose a mutual angle of 180 DEG or more, so that the thread milling cutter on reaching the intended drill hole depth and in order to be laterally moved need not first be raised. Also, it is possible with the thread milling cutter according to the invention when using said cutter to make threads of any desired diameter with the same thread pitch because the tool tip does not run against the drill hole bottom when laterally moved or offset as with the known thread milling cutter. In addition it is possible with the same tool to provide the thread at the entry with an edge-chamfer in such a manner that impairment thereof by formation of burrs is impossible.

Description

Die Erfindung betrifft ein Verfahren zum Einbringen einer Gewinde-Sackbohrung mittels einem Gewindefräser gemäß Anspruch 1 und einen Gewindefräser gemäß Anspruch 2.The invention relates to a method for introduction a threaded blind hole using a Thread milling cutter according to claim 1 and a thread milling cutter according to claim 2.

Ein solcher Gewindefräser ist durch die US-PS 4 651 374 bekannt und ist wie ein Bohrer ausgebildet, mit einer von zwei Schneiden gebildeten Bohrerspitze und vier spiralig verlaufenden Spannuten an der Außenfläche des Werkzeugs, von denen zwei von den Umfangsrändern der Schneiden ausgehen und die anderen axial nach hinten versetzt auslaufen. Im Gegensatz zu einem Bohrer sind jedoch die von den Spannuten getrennten spiraligen Umfangsbereiche des Werkzeugs mit hinterschliffenen, zahnartigen Schneidstollen versehen, die etwa in Umfangsrichtung des Werkzeugs verlaufen.Such a thread milling cutter is by the US-PS 4 651 374 and is designed like a drill, with a drill tip formed by two cutting edges and four spiral flutes on the outer surface of the tool, one of which two start from the peripheral edges of the cutting edges and the others offset axially backwards leak. Unlike a drill however, the spiral spirals separated from the flutes Circumferential areas of the tool with relief, provided tooth-like cutting studs, which run approximately in the circumferential direction of the tool.

Die beiden Bohrerschneiden an der Spitze des Werkzeugs sind um einen von der Seite des Werkzeugs her gemessenen Winkel zueinander geneigt, der beispielsweise 120° betragen kann; die beiden Schneidkanten sind Erzeugende einer Kegelfläche.The two drill bits at the top of the Tools are around one from the side of the tool inclined to each other, which can be, for example, 120 °; the two Cutting edges are generators of a conical surface.

Das von der Bohrerspitze abgewandte Ende des bekannten Gewindefräsers weist bevorzugt einen vergrößerten Durchmesser auf und ist zum Einspannen in eine Werkzeugmaschine eingerichtet.The end facing away from the tip of the drill of the known thread milling cutter preferably has one enlarged diameter and is for Set up in a machine tool.

Es ist der Zweck des bekannten Gewindefräsers, auf eine möglichst einfache und rationelle Weise ein Gewinde-Sackloch herzustellen. Zu diesem Zweck wird der Gewindefräser zunächst wie ein Bohrer in Drehung um seine Längsachse versetzt und in das mit dem Gewinde-Sackloch zu versehende Material abgesenkt, bis die angestrebte Bohrlochtiefe erreicht ist.It is the purpose of the well-known thread milling cutter, to be as simple and rational as possible Way to make a threaded blind hole. To this The purpose of the thread milling cutter is initially like a drill is rotated about its longitudinal axis and into the one with the threaded blind hole provided material is lowered until the target Hole depth is reached.

Dann wird das Werkzeug leicht abgehoben, so daß seine Spitze nicht mehr vom kegelig vertieften Bohrlochgrund zentriert ist, und es wird in eine solche Drehung versetzt, daß die Umfangsgeschwindigkeit der erforderlichen Schnittgeschwindigkeit an den Schneidstollen entspricht. Nun wird das Werkzeug unter stets aufrechterhaltener, paralleler Ausrichtung zur Bohrlochachse gegenüber dieser um die Tiefe der zu erzielenden Gewindegänge seitlich versetzt, wonach das Werkzeug mit seiner Mittelachse einer kreisförmigen Bahnkurve folgt, deren Radius der erwähnten seitlichen Versetzung entspricht. Auf diese Weise legt das Werkzeug eine Bahn von mindestens 360° zurück. Gleichzeitig wird das Werkzeug um das Maß der Gewindesteigung gleichmäßig angehoben. Nun ist über die gesamte Bohrlochlänge ein fertiges Sacklochgewinde gefräst. Der Fräser muß jetzt nur wieder auf das Bohrloch zentriert werden und kann dann aus dem Bohrloch herausgezogen werden.Then the tool is lifted off slightly, so that its tip is no longer recessed from the cone Hole center is centered and it will be in a such rotation that the peripheral speed the required cutting speed on the cutting studs. Well now the tool under always maintained, parallel Alignment to the borehole axis opposite this by the depth of the threads to be achieved laterally offset, after which the tool with its central axis is a circular trajectory follows, the radius of which mentioned lateral displacement equivalent. This way the tool attaches a path of at least 360 ° back. At the same time, the tool is around the measure of Thread pitch evenly raised. Now is A finished blind hole thread over the entire length of the borehole milled. The router just has to go again centered on the borehole and can then pulled out of the borehole.

Auf diese Weise ist es mittels einer Spezial-Gewindefräsmaschine bereits gelungen, in Aluminium mit einer einzigen Spindel und somit einem einzigen Gewindefräser pro Minute mehr als 120 Sacklöcher zu bohren und mit einem Innengewinde zu versehen. Der Gewindeeinlauf dieser Sacklöcher weist aber unvermeidlich einen Grat auf, der beim Eindrehen von Gewindebolzen zwischen Außenund Innengewinde geraten kann, das Eindrehen des Gewindebolzens hemmt und zu Schäden am Gewinde führt. Das Entgraten aber ist maschinell meist nicht in befriedigender Weise möglich und geschieht meist von Hand, wodurch der Vorteil des raschen Bohr- und Gewindeschneidevorgangs wieder teilweise zunichte gemacht wird, der durch den bekannten Fräser erreicht wurde.In this way it is using a special thread milling machine already succeeded in aluminum with a single spindle and thus one single thread milling cutter per minute more than 120 Drill blind holes and with an internal thread to provide. The thread inlet of these blind holes but inevitably has a ridge that the Screwing in threaded bolts between the outer and Internal thread can get screwed of the threaded bolt inhibits and damage to the Thread leads. However, deburring is machine mostly not possible in a satisfactory manner and mostly done by hand, which is the advantage of rapid drilling and tapping process again is partially nullified by the known milling cutter was achieved.

Die auf diese Weise hergestellten Gewinde-Sacklöcher haben außerdem am Bohrlochgrund den üblichen, über den untersten Gewindegang hinausreichenden Bohrerauslauf, so daß das Sackloch selbst tiefer ist als die erzielbare Einschraubtiefe. Manchmal wäre es aber vorteilhaft, wenn sich die Gewindegänge bis zum Bohrlochgrund erstrekken würden. Die Herstellung eines solchen Gewinde-Sackloches ist jedoch außerordentlich aufwendig, muß mit speziell geschliffenen Gewindebohrern durchgeführt werden und wird daher, wo immer nur möglich, vermieden, so daß ein solches Gewindesacklock in Studienarbeiten beilngenieursausbildung als Konstruktionsfehler gilt, wenn nicht besondere Umstände eine solche Sacklochkonstruktion zwingend erfordern.The threaded blind holes produced in this way also have at the bottom of the borehole the usual, over the lowest thread outgoing drill outlet, so that the blind hole is even deeper than the achievable screw-in depth. But sometimes it would be beneficial if extend the threads to the bottom of the borehole would. The production of such a threaded blind hole is extremely complex, must be done with specially ground taps be carried out and will therefore, wherever only possible, avoided, so that Thread sack lock in student work, engineering training is considered a design flaw if not special circumstances such a blind hole construction imperative.

An eine Serienfertigung solcher Sacklöcker und gar mit der oben beschriebenen Fertigungsgeschwindigkeit ist nicht zu denken.A series production of such bag-holes and even with the manufacturing speed described above is unthinkable.

Ein weiterer Nachteil der bekannten Gewindefräser liegt darin, daß man praktisch für jeden Gewinde-Nenndurchmesser ein eigenes Werkzeug benötigt. Dies erfordert aber gerade bei Feingewindebohrungen mit verhältnismäßig großem Durchmesser die Bereitstellung einer großen Anzahl teuerer Gewindefräser.Another disadvantage of the known thread milling cutter lies in the fact that one is practically for everyone Thread nominal diameter a separate tool needed. However, this requires especially with fine-thread bores with a relatively large diameter the provision of a large number expensive thread milling cutter.

Ausgehend von dieser Problemlage liegt der Erfindung die Aufgabe zugrunde, den eingangs genannten, bekannten Gewindefräser dahingehend weiterzubilden, daß er zum Fräsen von bevorzugt gratfreien Sacklöchern mit größtmöglicher Einschraubtiefe sowie mit einem Durchmesser zu ermöglichen, der nicht nur dem Nenndurchmesser (Außendurchmesser des Gewindefräsers zuzüglich der zweifachen Ganghöhe) entspricht, sondern auch beliebig größer sein kann, so daß es möglich ist, mit ein und demselben Gewindefräser Gewinde-Sacklöcher herzustellen, die zwar die gleiche Steigung, aber stark unterschiedliche Durchmesser aufweisen sowie bevorzugt einen gratfreien Gewindeeinlauf aufweisen. Es wird auch ein Verfahren angestrebt, durch welches mindestens eines der genannten Ziele erreichbar ist.Based on this problem, the Invention based on the object, the aforementioned known thread milling cutter in this regard to further develop that he prefers to mill Burr-free blind holes with the greatest possible screw-in depth as well as with a diameter to allow not just the nominal diameter (Outside diameter of the thread milling cutter plus twice the pitch), but can also be arbitrarily larger, so that it is possible is, with one and the same thread milling cutter threaded blind holes to manufacture the same one Slope, but very different diameters have and preferably a burr-free thread inlet exhibit. It will also be a procedure aimed at by which at least one of the mentioned goals is achievable.

Diese Aufgabe wird durch die Merkmale der Ansprüche 1 und 2 gelöst.This task is characterized by the characteristics of Claims 1 and 2 solved.

Hierbei ist das erfindungsgemäße Werkzeug nicht, wie das bekannte, als Bohrer, sondern vielmehr als Stirnfräser ausgebildet, wobei die Stirnschneiden miteinander einen Winkel einschließen, der größer als 180° ist beträgt. Das erfindungsgemäße Werkzeug kann somit nach Erreichen der gewünschten Bohrlochtiefe unmittelbar seitlich um ein beliebiges Maß versetzt werden, wonach das Werkzeug seine kreisförmige Bahnkurve zurücklegt und hierbei um das Maß der Steigung angehoben wird. Es ist auch möglich, das Werkzeug um ein verhältnismäßig geringes Maß seitlich zu versetzen, im Grenzfall nur um das Maß der Ganghöhe.Here is the tool according to the invention not as the well-known, as a drill, but rather designed as a face milling cutter, the face cutting edges form an angle with each other, which is greater than 180 °. The invention Tool can thus be reached after reaching the desired drill hole depth immediately to the side any degree, according to which the Tool travels its circular trajectory and raised by the amount of the slope becomes. It is also possible to order the tool to move a relatively small dimension laterally, in the limit, only by the measure of the pitch.

Beim Fräsen wird der in einem einzigen Umlauf erzielbare Gewindedurchmesser lediglich dadurch beschränkt, daß die seitliche Versetzung von Gewindfräserachse und Bohrlochachse nicht mehr als höchstens den Außendurchmesser des Gewindefräsers betragen darf, da sonst kein Bohrloch, sondern eine Kreisnut gefräst wird. Grundsätzlich ist es aber möglich, durch mehrere Werkzeugumläufe letztlich ein Gewinde-Sackloch mit praktisch unbegrenztem Durchmesser zu fräsen. Dies ist besonders für die optische und feinmechanische Industrie wichtig, in der präzise Fein-Innengewinde mit verhältnismäßig großem Durchmesser hergestellt werden müssen.When milling, this is done in a single pass achievable thread diameter only because of this limited that the lateral displacement of Thread mill axis and borehole axis no longer than at most the outside diameter of the thread milling cutter may be, otherwise there is no borehole, but a circular groove is milled. in principle it is possible, however, through several tool revolutions ultimately a threaded blind hole with practical mill unlimited diameter. This is special for the optical and precision engineering industry important in the precise fine internal thread manufactured with a relatively large diameter Need to become.

Der Stirnwinkel der Stirnfräserschneiden beträgt gemäß der Erfindung mehr als 180°, so daß das erfindungsgemäße Werkzeug eine flache Hohlspitze aufweist, die zur Selbstzentrierung des Werkzeuges beiträgt. Der Bohrlochgrund weist somit eine flache, kegelige Erhebung auf, die aber beim seitlichen Versetzen des rotierenden Werkzeugs durch die Stirnfräserschneiden sofort abgetragen wird und somit diese seitliche Versetzung nicht behindert.The face angle of the face milling cutter is according to the invention more than 180 °, so that the tool according to the invention a flat hollow tip has that for self-centering the Tool contributes. The bottom of the borehole thus points a flat, conical elevation, but the when relocating the rotating tool abraded immediately by the face milling cutter and thus this lateral displacement not disabled.

Es ist grundsätzlich möglich, mit dem erfindungsgemäßen Werkzeug ein Gewinde zu fräsen, dessen Gang sich bis zum flachen Bohrlochgrund erstreckt. Da sich am Bohrlochgrund aber selbst nach dem Ausblasen mit Preßluft Schmutz ansammeln kann, ist es gemäß einer bevorzugten Ausgestaltung der Erfindung von Vorteil, an dem der Werkzeugspitze zugewandten Ende der Gewindefräserschneiden anstelle eines zahnartigen Schneidstollens eine längliche Umfangsschneide vorzusehen, deren Länge bevorzugt das ein- bis zweifache der Gewindesteigung beträgt. Durch diese Umfangsschneiden wird am Bohrlochgrund eine einen Freistich bildende Umfangsnut gebildet, in die der hergestellte Gewindegang ausläuft. Somit ist es möglich, eine Schraube bis auf den Bohrungsgrund einzudrehen.It is basically possible with the invention Tool to mill a thread, whose passage extends to the flat bottom of the borehole extends. Because at the bottom of the borehole itself After blowing out, collect dirt with compressed air can, it is according to a preferred embodiment the invention of advantage on which the End of the thread milling cutter facing the tool tip instead of a tooth-like Cutting cleats an elongated circumferential cutting edge to provide, the length of which preferably the one to is twice the thread pitch. Through this Circumferential cutting becomes one at the bottom of the borehole a circumferential groove forming an undercut, in which the manufactured thread ends. Consequently it is possible to screw one screw down to the bottom of the hole screwed in.

Gemäß einer weiteren, bevorzugten und besonders wesentlichen Ausgestaltung der Erfindung weist die untere Umfangskante des Fräsers eine schneidende Abschrägung auf, die bevorzugt als radial hinterschliffener Kantenbruch am übergang zwischen einer Stirnfräserschneide und einer Umfangsschneide ausgebildet ist.According to another, preferred and special essential embodiment of the invention has the lower peripheral edge of the cutter cutting bevel, which is preferred as radially ground edge break at the transition between a face cutter edge and a peripheral edge is trained.

Mittels dieser Ausbildung ist es möglich, in jene Werkstückoberfläche, in welche ein Gewinde-Sackloch eingebracht werden soll, zunächst eine angesenkte Vertiefung einzufräsen, deren Durchmesser so auf das herzustellende Innengewinde abgestimmt ist, daß dieses in die Ansenkung einläuft. Hierbei wird der Fräser außermittig eingestellt und durchläuft eine Kreisbahn. Nachfolgend wird auf die oben beschriebene Weise das Sackloch gebohrt und das Gewinde gefräst. Wie sich gezeigt hat, wird so das Auftreten eines Grates am Gewindeeinlauf verhindert.With this training it is possible to the workpiece surface in which a threaded blind hole should be introduced, first one countersinked recess, its diameter so on the internal thread to be produced is agreed that this runs into the countersink. Here, the milling cutter is set off-center and runs through a circular path. Below is the blind hole in the manner described above drilled and the thread milled. As shown has a burr on the thread inlet prevented.

Es ist grundsätzlich auch möglich, mit dem weitergebildeten erfindungsgemäßen Fräser das hergestellte Gewindeloch nachträglich am Einlauf anzusenken, doch wird bei diesem Verfahren ein kleiner Grat stets unvermeidbar sein.In principle, it is also possible to use the further developed milling cutter according to the invention manufactured threaded hole at the inlet lower, but with this procedure one small ridges are always inevitable.

Die Erfindung bezieht sich ausdrücklich nicht nur auf den beanspruchten Gewindefräser, sondern auch auf das beanspruchte Verfahren zum Fräsen einer Gewindebohrung, deren Durchmesser grösser ist als der Nenndurchmesser des Gewindefräsers.The invention expressly does not relate only on the stressed thread milling cutter, but also to the claimed milling process a threaded hole whose diameter is larger is the nominal diameter of the thread milling cutter.

Die von den Stirnfräserschneiden gelösten Späne werden durch Spannuten wie bei einem Bohrer aus dem Bohrloch abgeführt. Gemäß einer bevorzugten Ausgestaltung der Erfindung sind aber die am Bohrvorgang beteiligten Stirnfräserschneiden mindestens teilweise mit Spanbrechernuten versehen, um zu verhindern, daß sich im Schnittbereich des Werkzeugs ein Span verklemmt und zum Verlaufen der Bohrung führt.The loosened from the face milling cutter Chip flutes are like with a flute Drill removed from the borehole. According to one are preferred embodiment of the invention the end mill cutters involved in the drilling process at least partially with chip breaker grooves provided to prevent that in the cutting area of the tool jammed a chip and to Run the hole leads.

Der in der Zeichnung der US-PS 4 651 374 gezeigte Gewindefräser weist ferner mehr Spannuten und somit Gewindefräserschneiden als stirnseitige Bohrerschneiden auf. Aus diesem Grund müssen die nicht in einer Bohrerschneide auslaufenden Gewindefräserschneiden gegenüber der Werkzeugspitze zurückversetzt sein, wobei nur jene Gewindefräserschneiden den unteren Gewindeauslauf schneiden können, die in Bohrerschneiden einmünden. Hierdurch wird der Gekindeauslauf unsauber.The one in the drawing of U.S. Patent 4,651,374 The thread milling cutter shown also has more flutes and thus thread milling cutter as the front Drill cutting on. For this reason that do not end in a cutting edge Thread milling cutter opposite the tool tip be set back using only those thread milling cutters the lower thread runout can cut, which open into drill bits. This makes the child's runout unclean.

Der erfindungsgemäße Gewindefräser dagegen kann gemäß einer weiteren, bevorzugten Ausgestaltung mehr als zwei Stirnschneiden und vorzugsweise drei oder vier Stirnschneiden aufweisen, so daß sich
die Gewindefräserschneiden jeweils bis zu einer Stirnfräserschneide erstrecken, so daß der Gewindeauslauf oder der Gewindefreistich ebenso sauber geschnitten wird wie alle übrigen Abschnitte des hergestellten Innengewindes.In contrast, according to a further preferred embodiment, the thread milling cutter according to the invention can have more than two end cutting edges and preferably three or four end cutting edges, so that
the thread milling cutters each extend up to a face milling cutter edge, so that the thread runout or the thread undercut is cut just as cleanly as all other sections of the internal thread produced.

Wie oben beschrieben, ist das Zurücklegen einer kreisförmigen Bahnkurve von 360 ° zum vollständigen Herstellens eines Gewindes ausreichend. Bevorzugt wird man diesen Winkel jedoch ein wenig überfahren, um eine besonders saubere Gewindeausführung zu erreichen.As described above, the replacement is a circular trajectory of 360 ° to complete Making a thread is sufficient. However, this angle is preferred a little run over to a particularly clean thread to reach.

Die axiale Länge der Gewindefräserschneiden ist bevorzugt mindestens gleich der Gewindetiefe des herzustellenden Bohrlochs.The axial length of the thread milling cutter is preferably at least equal to the thread depth of the borehole to be produced.

Das erfindungsgemäße Werkzeug kann auch zur Herstellung eines mehrgängigen Gewindes verwendet werden.The tool according to the invention can also used to produce a multi-start thread become.

Das erfindungsgemäße Werkzeug kann nicht nur zur Herstellung einer Sackbohrung, sondern wie das bekannte Werkzeug auch zum Herstellen einer Gewinde-Durchgangsbohrung verwendet werden.The tool according to the invention cannot only for the production of a blind hole, but like the well-known tool for manufacturing a threaded through hole can be used.

Der Gegenstand der Erfindung wird anhand der beigefügten, schematischen Zeichnung beispielsweise noch näher erläutert; in dieser zeigt:

Fig. 1
die Spitze des gattungsbildenden Gewindefräsers,
Fig.2
die Spitze eines erfindungsgemäßen Gewindefräsers,
Fig. 3
den Querschnitt eines mit dem erfindungsgemäßen Gewindefräser hergestellten Gewinde-Sacklochs, und
Fig. 4
die Seitenansicht eines erfindungsgemäßen Gewindefräsers.
The object of the invention is explained in more detail with reference to the attached schematic drawing, for example; in this shows:
Fig. 1
the tip of the generic thread milling cutter,
Fig.2
the tip of a thread milling cutter according to the invention,
Fig. 3
the cross section of a threaded blind hole produced with the thread milling cutter according to the invention, and
Fig. 4
the side view of a thread milling cutter according to the invention.

In Fig. 1 ist ein bekannter Gewindefräser 1 dargestellt, mit einer Bohrerspitze, die von zwei Bohrerschneiden 2 gebildet sind, die miteinander einen Winkel β einschließen, der deutlich kleiner ist als 180° und etwa 120° betragen kann.1 is a known thread milling cutter 1 shown with a drill tip made by two Drill bits 2 are formed, which are together include an angle β that is significantly smaller can be as 180 ° and about 120 °.

Breite Spannuten 3 trennen die Schneiden 2 in Umfangsrichtung voneinander und führen spiralig an dem in der Zeichnung nicht dargestellten Schaft des Fräsers nach oben, um die beim Schnittvorgang während des Bohrens anfallenden Späne zu entfernen.Wide flutes 3 separate the cutting edges 2 in Circumferential direction from each other and lead spirally on the shaft not shown in the drawing of the milling cutter upwards to the during the cutting process chips generated during drilling remove.

Der Umfangsbereich des Schaftes, der zwischen den Spannuten 3 liegt, weist hinterschnittene Schneidstollen 4 auf, die sich in Umfangsrichtung erstrecken. Die Länge der Schneidstollen 4 in Umfangsrichtung ist verhältnismäßig gering.The circumferential area of the shaft that between the flutes 3 is undercut Cutting studs 4, which extend in the circumferential direction extend. The length of the cutting lugs 4 in the circumferential direction is relatively small.

Der Hinterschliff der Schneidstollen 4 bewirkt, daß diese bei rotierendem Werkzeug selbst dann nicht klemmen, wenn dieses pro Umdrehung des Werkzeugs um das Maß einer Steigung angehoben wird.The relief grinding of the cutting studs 4 causes that even with the tool rotating do not jam if this per revolution of the Tool raised by the amount of a slope becomes.

Bei der in Fig. 2 gezeigten Ausführungsform der Erfindung weist der gezeigte Gewindefräser 10 eine flache Hohlspitze auf, wobei der zwischen den Stirnfräserschneiden 2 gebildete Winkel β ein wenig größer ist als 180°.In the embodiment shown in Fig. 2 According to the invention, the thread milling cutter 10 shown a flat hollow point, the between the End mill cutting 2 formed angle β a little is greater than 180 °.

Ferner weist der in Fig. 2 gezeigte Stirnfräser anstelle der ein bis zwei untersten Gewindestollen eine Umfangsschneide 14 auf, die dazu dient, für einen Freistich 6 (Fig. 3) zu sorgen.Furthermore, the end mill shown in FIG. 2 has instead of the one or two lowest thread lugs a circumferential cutting edge 14, which serves for to provide an undercut 6 (Fig. 3).

Die radial hinterschliffene Fase 18 dient zur Erzeugung eines Kantenbruches vor dem Bohrund Gewindefräsvorgang. Damit wird ein qualitativ hochwertiges gratfreies Gewinde garantiert.The radially ground chamfer 18 is used for Generation of an edge break in front of the hole Thread milling operation. So that becomes a qualitative high quality burr-free thread guaranteed.

In Fig. 3 ist ein durch einen Gewindefräser, wie er in Fig. 2 gezeigt ist, hergestelltes Gewinde-Sackloch gezeigt, das in einem Material 5 ausgebildet ist und eine Mittelachse 8 sowie ein Innengewinde 7 aufweisen soll, welches seinerseits am flachen Bohrlochende einen Freistich 6 und am entgegengesetzten Gewindeeinlauf einen Kantenbruch 20 aufweist.In Fig. 3 is a by a thread mill, such as it is shown in Fig. 2, manufactured threaded blind hole shown, which is formed in a material 5 is and a central axis 8 and an internal thread 7 should have, which in turn on shallow hole end undercut 6 and on opposite thread inlet a broken edge 20 has.

Das in Fig. 3 gezeigte Gewinde-Sackloch wird durch ein Werkzeug der Fig. 2 auf die folgende Weise hergestellt:

  • Zunächst wird die Werkzeug-Längsachse 9 auf die Achse 8 der beabsichtigten Bohrung ausgerichtet; dem Gewindefräser wird längs einer Achse 9 gegen das Material 5 ein Vorschub verliehen, wobei die Stirnfräserflächen 2 das Material abtragen und die Späne durch die Spannuten 3 nach außen befördert werden.
    • The threaded blind hole shown in FIG. 3 is produced by a tool from FIG. 2 in the following way:
  • First, the longitudinal tool axis 9 is aligned with the axis 8 of the intended bore; the thread milling cutter is given a feed along an axis 9 against the material 5, the end mill surfaces 2 removing the material and the chips being conveyed outward through the flutes 3.

    • Zunächst wird maximal so tief gebohrt, wie dies der axialen Länge des Kantenbruches 20 entspricht.First of all, drilling is as deep as possible this corresponds to the axial length of the edge break 20.

    Nun wird das Werkzeug mit seiner Achse 9 radial soweit versetzt, daß der gewünschte Durchmesser des Kantenbruches 20 entsteht. Eine Kreisbewegung um 360° reicht aus, um den Kantenbruch 20 zu erzeugen.Now the tool with its axis 9 radially offset so far that the desired diameter the edge break 20 is formed. A circular movement by 360 ° is enough to break the edge 20 to generate.

    Danach wird das Werkzeug wieder auf die Bohrlochachse 8 gefahren.Then the tool is put back on the Drilled hole axis 8.

    Nun beginnt der eigentliche Bohrvorgang.Now the actual drilling process begins.

    Dem Gewindefräser wird erneut längs seiner Achse 9 gegen das Material 5 ein Vorschub verliehen, wobei die Stirnschneiden 2 das Material abtragen und die Späne durch die Spannuten nach außen befördern.The thread milling cutter is again along its length Axis 9 is fed against the material 5, the cutting edges 2 remove the material and the chips through the flutes convey outside.

    Bei Erreichen der vorgesehenen Bohrtiefe ist der Bohrlochgrund bei Verwendung des Werkzeugs der Fig. 2 mit einer leichten kegeligen Erhebung versehen.When the intended drilling depth is reached the bottom of the borehole when using the tool 2 with a slight conical elevation Mistake.

    Nun wird die Drehung des Werkzeugs beibehalten oder so verändert, daß die optimale Schnittgeschwindigkeit der Schneidstollen 4 erreicht wird.Now the rotation of the tool is kept or changed so that the optimal cutting speed the cutting stud 4 is reached.

    Dann wird das Werkzeug mit seiner Achse 9 senkrecht zur Bohrlochachse 8 gegenüber dieser um ein solches Maß versetzt, daß das Zweifache dieses Maßes zuzüglich dem Werkzeug-Außendurchmesser etwa dem Gewinde-Nenndurchmesser entspricht. Hierbei arbeiten sich die Schneidstollen 4 und die Umfangsschneiden 14 in das Material 5 hinein.Then the tool with its axis 9 perpendicular to the borehole axis 8 with respect to this offset to such an extent that twice this dimension plus the tool outer diameter about the nominal thread diameter equivalent. This is where the cutting studs work 4 and the peripheral cutting edges 14 in the Material 5 into it.

    Ist der gewünschte Abstand zwischen der Bohrlochachse 8 und der Werkzeugachse 9 erreicht, dann wird die Werkzeugachse 9 auf einer kreisförmigen Bahnkurve über mindestens 360° bewegt; gleichzeitig wird das Werkzeug 10 um das Maß der Steigung angehoben. Hierbei wird das Innengewinde 7 mit dem gewünschten Durchmesser gefräst.Is the desired distance between the Borehole axis 8 and the tool axis 9 reached, then the tool axis 9 on a circular trajectory over at least 360 ° emotional; at the same time the tool 10 around the Degree of slope raised. Here is the Internal thread 7 with the desired diameter milled.

    Das Werkzeug muß eine Kreisbahn von mindestens 360° zurücklegen; diese Kreisbahn sollte jedoch nicht wesentlich größer sein, da sonst der von den Umfangsflächen 14 erzielte Freistich 6 zu lang ist.The tool must have a circular path of at least Cover 360 °; this circular path should but not be much larger, otherwise the Undercut 6 achieved by the peripheral surfaces 14 is long.

    Der Gewindefräser kann als Zwei-, Drei- oder Mehrschneider (mit vier oder mehr Schneiden) ausgebildet sein, wobei bei Mehrschneidern zweckmäßigerweise nicht alle Stirnschneiden am Bohrvorgang beteiligt sind; in der Regel sollen nur zwei oder drei Schneiden in Eingriff stehen. Die übrigen Schneiden sind axial leicht zurückgesetzt, wobei das Zurücksetzen innerhalb der Umfangsschneiden 14 vorgenommen werden muß, so daß eine qualitative Beeinträchtigung des bearbeiteten Gewindes ausgeschlossen ist.The thread milling cutter can be used as a two, three or Multi-cutter (with four or more cutting edges) trained be, with multi-cutters expedient not all face cutting edges during the drilling process involved; usually only two or three cutting edges are engaged. The remaining Cutting edges are set back slightly axially resetting within the perimeter edges 14 must be made so that a qualitative Impairment of the machined thread is excluded.

    In Fig. 4 ist ein Gewindefräser mit vier Schneiden 2 und vier Spannuten 3 gezeigt. Bei dem gezeigten Werkzeug sind alle vier Stirnschneiden 2 gleich breit.4 is a thread milling cutter with four cutting edges 2 and four flutes 3 shown. In which The tools shown are all four end cutting edges 2 equally wide.

    Es ist jedoch auch möglich, nur zwei der Stirnschneiden 2 so auszubilden, daß sie beim Bohrvorgang schneiden, und die beiden anderen Stirnschneiden axial ein wenig zurückzuversetzen. In diesem Fall ist es zweckmäßig, jene Spannuten 3, die den jeweils beim Bohrvorgang schneidenden Stirnschneiden 2 zugeordnet sind, breiter auszubilden als die anderen Spannuten 3, die lediglich die beim Gewindefräsvorgang anfallenden Späne abzuführen haben.However, it is also possible to use only two of the forehead cutters 2 so that they are during the drilling process cut, and the other two forehead cutting axially set back a little. In In this case, it is advisable to use those flutes 3, which cut each during the drilling process Face cutting edges 2 are assigned to form wider than the other flutes 3, which are only the remove any chips that occur during the thread milling process to have.

    Ferner sind zwei der Stirnschneiden 2, und zwar jene, die am Bohrvorgang beteiligt sind, mit Aussparungen 19 versehen, die Spanbrecher bilden.Furthermore, two of the cutting edges 2, and namely those who are involved in the drilling process Provide recesses 19 which form chip breakers.

    Die Stirnzähne 2 sind an ihrem umfangsseitigen Ende mit einer radial hinterschliffenen Fase 18 versehen, die das Anbringen eines Kantenbruches 20 zu Beginn der Bearbeitung ermöglicht. Außerdem wird durch die Fase 18 die Lebensdauer des Werkzeugs erhöht.The front teeth 2 are on their peripheral side End with a radially ground chamfer 18 provided that the attachment of an edge break 20 enabled at the beginning of the processing. Moreover is the lifespan of the chamfer 18 Tool increased.

    Im übrigen weist das gezeigte Werkzeug wie auch das in Fig. 2 gezeigte Werkzeug Umfangsschneiden 14 zum Erzeugen des Freistiches 6 sowie Schneidstollen 4 zum Fräsen des Innengewindes 7 auf, die jeweils von Gewinderillen 13 getrennt sind.Otherwise, the tool shown shows how also the circumferential cutting tool shown in FIG. 2 14 to produce the undercut 6 and Cutting studs 4 for milling the internal thread 7, each separated by thread grooves 13 are.

    Der Werkzeugschaft 11 ist zum Einspannen des Werkzeugs 10 in eine Werkzeugmaschine eingerichtet und kann ein Gewinde, eine Spannfläche, eine Spannschräge oder sonstige, auf dem Gebiet der Werkzeugmaschinen übliche Ausbildungen zum Einspannen aufweisen.The tool shank 11 is for clamping of the tool 10 set up in a machine tool and can be a thread, a clamping surface, a slope or other, in the field the usual training for machine tools have to clamp.

    Der Eingriffsabschnitt 12 weist einen gegenüber dem Schaft 11 gleichen oder kleineren Außendurchmesser auf.The engagement section 12 faces one the shaft 11 the same or smaller outer diameter on.

    Der Gewindefräser kann aus Schnellarbeitsstahl, Hartmetall oder einem anderen, geeigneten Schneidstoff hergestellt sein.The thread milling cutter can be made of high-speed steel, Hard metal or another suitable Cutting material to be made.

    Claims (6)

    1. Process for inserting a threaded drill-hole in a workpiece by means of a thread milling cutter (10) with a long shaft (11), which possesses at least one thread cutting blade provided with cutting flutes (4) on its periphery and which at its lower end is designed as a face milling cutter, the blades (2) of which enclose a transverse angle (β) to the shaft (11) of greater than 180°, in which the thread milling cutter (10)
      is rotated around the longitudinal axis (9) of the shaft (11),
      is moved forwards into the workpiece in the direction of the longitudinal axis (9) in order to insert an initial drill hole,
      after reaching its drilling depth is moved sideways whilst maintaining its rotation,
      is moved backwards while still maintaining its rotation, and in the process carries out at least one spiral revolution thereby cutting a female thread in the workpiece around the peripheral wall of the initial drill hole with the cutting flutes (4), whereby the smallest diameter of the female thread is not smaller than the diameter of the initial drill hole, and
      after reaching its greatest drilling depth and completing its forward movement and before any backward movement is moved immediately sideways into the material (5) of the workpiece, until it has reached the desired circumference of the female thread.
    2. Thread milling cutter for carrying out the process according to Claim 1, with a long shaft (11), which on its periphery possesses at least one thread cutting blade provided with cutting flutes (4) and which at its lower end is designed as a face milling cutter, the blades (2) of which enclose a transverse angle (β) to the shaft greater than 180°, thereby forming a hollow tip at the lower end of the thread milling cutter (10).
    3. Thread milling cutter according to Claim 2, characterized in that the one or more thread cutting blades possesses an end flute with a longitudinal peripheral blade (14) at the lower end of the thread milling cutter (10).
    4. Thread milling cutter according to Claim 3, characterized in that a radially relief-ground chamfer (18) is provided at the junction between the face milling blade (2) and the peripheral blade (14).
    5. Thread milling cutter according to one of Claims 2 to 4, characterized in that at least two face milling blades (2) are provided
    6. Thread milling cutter according to one of Claims 2 to 5, characterized in that for a thread milling cutter diameter of more than 20 mm, preferably at least one of the face milling blades (2) involved in the drilling process possesses chip breaking grooves (19).
    EP89101839A 1988-03-16 1989-02-02 Thread milling cutter Expired - Lifetime EP0334002B2 (en)

    Applications Claiming Priority (3)

    Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
    DE3808797 1988-03-16
    DE888803565U DE8803565U1 (en) 1988-03-16 1988-03-16 THREAD MILLING
    DE3808797A DE3808797A1 (en) 1988-03-16 1988-03-16 THREAD MILLING

    Publications (4)

    Publication Number Publication Date
    EP0334002A2 EP0334002A2 (en) 1989-09-27
    EP0334002A3 EP0334002A3 (en) 1990-10-03
    EP0334002B1 EP0334002B1 (en) 1995-08-30
    EP0334002B2 true EP0334002B2 (en) 2002-09-25

    Family

    ID=39356666

    Family Applications (1)

    Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
    EP89101839A Expired - Lifetime EP0334002B2 (en) 1988-03-16 1989-02-02 Thread milling cutter

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    US (1) US4930949A (en)
    EP (1) EP0334002B2 (en)
    AT (1) ATE127051T1 (en)
    CA (1) CA1322264C (en)
    DE (2) DE3808797A1 (en)

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    Also Published As

    Publication number Publication date
    US4930949A (en) 1990-06-05
    EP0334002A2 (en) 1989-09-27
    DE3808797A1 (en) 1989-10-05
    CA1322264C (en) 1993-09-21
    DE8803565U1 (en) 1988-09-01
    EP0334002B1 (en) 1995-08-30
    EP0334002A3 (en) 1990-10-03
    ATE127051T1 (en) 1995-09-15

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