EP0329715A1 - Device for granulating melted and softened materials - Google Patents

Device for granulating melted and softened materials

Info

Publication number
EP0329715A1
EP0329715A1 EP88902409A EP88902409A EP0329715A1 EP 0329715 A1 EP0329715 A1 EP 0329715A1 EP 88902409 A EP88902409 A EP 88902409A EP 88902409 A EP88902409 A EP 88902409A EP 0329715 A1 EP0329715 A1 EP 0329715A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
melt channel
channel
valve
pressure medium
medium
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Ceased
Application number
EP88902409A
Other languages
German (de)
French (fr)
Inventor
Michael Reinhard
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Individual
Original Assignee
Individual
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Individual filed Critical Individual
Publication of EP0329715A1 publication Critical patent/EP0329715A1/en
Ceased legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29B—PREPARATION OR PRETREATMENT OF THE MATERIAL TO BE SHAPED; MAKING GRANULES OR PREFORMS; RECOVERY OF PLASTICS OR OTHER CONSTITUENTS OF WASTE MATERIAL CONTAINING PLASTICS
    • B29B9/00—Making granules
    • B29B9/10—Making granules by moulding the material, i.e. treating it in the molten state
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10S425/00—Plastic article or earthenware shaping or treating: apparatus
    • Y10S425/23—Hay wafering or pelletizing means

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a device for granulating - melting and softening materials, in particular plastics, consisting of a melt channel in which the material to be granulated is conveyed and a feed z melt channel through which a pressurized pressure intermittently as individual quantities in the melt channel is introduced, which means that the material flow of the substance to be granulated by volume displacement into individual substance portions ie Granules, is divided, and a valve through the periodic opening and closing the intermittent introduction of the pressure medium in the melt channel is controlled.
  • DE-AS 15 48 912 a device for dividing flowing media into individual successive sections which are separated from one another by sections of another medium which is immiscible with the medium to be divided.
  • both media are first led in separate lines to a consolidation point at which the dividing medium is injected from one side into the line leading the medium to be divided.
  • the dividing medium is then pressed via a pulsating metering device into a feed line from which it is injected the medium to be divided at the union point.
  • the supply of the dividing medium by means of the feed line entails that in this feed line, especially at higher ones
  • turbulence can occur in the area of the union, which likewise impairs the exact division of the medium to be divided.
  • US Pat. No. 4,151,251 describes a method specifically for the production of plastic granules, in which the plastic granules are produced by intermittently supplying a cooling medium into a channel leading to a plastic melt.
  • Water should preferably be used as the cooling medium.
  • the cooling medium is supplied via porous sintered metal, on the surface of which the plastic melt is conducted. Because of the intermittent supply of the cooling medium, the plastic melt always comes into direct contact with the sintered metal during the breaks in the supply. The contact of the plastic melt with the sintered metal entails the risk that small amounts of plastic melt penetrate into the sintered metal, remain there for too long and thus crack, whereby on the one hand the plastic melt is repeatedly contaminated and impaired and the openings in question the sintered metal.
  • the use of the sintered metal requires the supply of highly purified water, since contamination in the water serving as the cooling medium continuously clogs the sintered metal.
  • the connection of the sintered metal into the supply line for the cooling medium is unfavorable because there is a high pressure drop across the sintered metal due to the sharp edges of the individual pressure surges in the intermittent feeding of the
  • Cooling medium are flattened.
  • the invention is based on the object of designing the supply of the pressure medium causing the subdivision in such a way that the individual quantities of the pressure medium introduced into the melt channel give the substance guided in the melt channel pressure surges with the individual quantities which each divide the substance exactly.
  • this is done in that the wall of the melt channel is divided transversely to the channel axis to form a joint, that the two resulting joint parts of the melt channel are movable relative to one another in the direction of the channel axis in such a way that the moved parts share a part surrounding the melt channel Form an annular gap, which is connected on its outer circumference to a recess carrying the pressure medium, and that the mutually facing surfaces of the abutment parts form the sealing surfaces of the valve.
  • This design of the periodically actuated valve ensures that the successive pressure surges are generated directly at the point at which the pressure medium is introduced into the melt channel. Any resonances can practically not arise behind the valve.
  • the pressure medium is supplied concentrically, symmetrically to the substance in the melt channel, which is therefore uniform receives the pressure surge from all sides and is divided evenly in this way.
  • the one butt part is expediently designed in some areas as a tube, the tube protruding with one end into the recess and the end face of this end forming the one sealing surface.
  • the end face of the tube which is flushed with the pressure medium when the valve is open, can be advantageously used as a sealing surface.
  • the sealing surfaces can be made blunt or correspondingly conical.
  • blunt training there is easy reworkability, e.g. to restore tightness.
  • a corresponding conical design particularly high sealing effects can be achieved.
  • the conical design enables a shortening of the outlet part of the melt channel following the valve.
  • the melt channel, the pressure medium and the granulating material are expediently kept at the same temperature. This also has the advantage that no undesired distortions can occur in the device.
  • a liquid or a gas can be used as the pressure medium; water or is preferably used as the pressure medium Air.
  • the pressure medium care must also be taken to ensure that it does not react with the substance in the melt channel or mix with it.
  • the print medium must be easy to separate from the granulated material.
  • the liquid In order to support the tearing apart of the material carried in the melt channel, the liquid is allowed to change to steam after entering the melt stream, which results in a spontaneous increase in volume of the pressure medium.
  • a liquid In order to achieve this change in steam, a liquid should be selected as the pressure medium, which evaporates practically suddenly at ambient pressure and the usual temperature of the substance carried in the melt channel.
  • the ambient pressure behind the valve results practically from the fact that there are normally no long outlet parts connected to the valve, rather it is readily possible to work with short outlet parts.
  • the outlet part of the melt channel is made so short and the individual quantities of the pressure medium are such a volume that there is only one in the outlet part Portion of fabric.
  • This design also has the advantage that there is practically ambient pressure behind the valve, so that here a sudden evaporation of a liquid serving as a pressure medium can take place, as a result of which the individual portions of substance are practically thrown out of the outlet part after the valve has been actuated.
  • the portions of material After the individual portions of material have emerged from the outlet part, the portions of material are cooled in the usual manner as granules.
  • Figure 1 the device in section in several
  • Figure 3 a device with a plurality of
  • a thick-walled tube (11) protrudes from the base plate (10), the bore of which is the channel (4) in which the substance (1) to be granulated flows. Both parts are stationary. In phase 1 of the pelletizing process, the end face of the thick-walled tube bears against the discharge plate (12) and prevents pressure medium (2) from entering the channel. The feed (6) is therefore closed.
  • the pressure medium (2) is located in recesses in the distributor plate (13) which is firmly connected to the discharge plate (12) '. It is under a very high pressure built up by the pressure generator (8) and has a high temperature due to the continuous-flow heater (7).
  • the entire process part of the granulator consisting of the base plate (10), one or more thick-walled tubes (11), the discharge plate (12), the distributor plate (13) and other parts, is heated.
  • the supply part also includes the memory (5) and the safety valve (14).
  • the supply part is connected to the moving part via a flexible connection (15).
  • phase 2 of the granulating process the discharge plate (12) and the distributor plate (13) are moved away from the base plate (10) and the thick-walled tube (11) by the distance ax. This opens the feeder (6) and the print medium (2), e.g. Water enters the channel (4) due to the pressure gradient.
  • the print medium (2) e.g. Water enters the channel (4) due to the pressure gradient.
  • phase 3 the feed (6) is closed again. During this process the channel (4) hits
  • Pressure medium (2) in this case water, because of the significantly lower pressure in the channel (4) in steam (9), thereby separating the granulate (3) from the melt flow (1) and conveying it to the path due to the large volume increase Free.
  • the discharge plate 12 represents the outlet part of the melt channel.
  • the joint is formed by the two butt parts I and II, butt part I being represented by the tube 11 and the base plate 10 and the butt part II by the distributor plate 13 and the discharge plate 12 .
  • the end face of the tube 11 on the discharge plate side together with the opposite surface of the discharge plate 12 form the valve.
  • Plastic to be granulated polypropylene with 30% talc
  • FIG. 2 shows a modification of the illustration in FIG. 1, phase 2.
  • the sealing surfaces formed by the end face of the tube 11 and the relevant surface of the discharge plate 12, butt against each other. In the arrangement according to FIG. 2, these sealing surfaces are correspondingly conical, which results in a particularly good seal.
  • the recess receiving the pressure medium 2 is conically elongated, resulting in a shortening of the outlet part (channel 4) compared to the embodiment according to FIG.
  • FIG. 3 shows the design of a device according to the invention for granulating with a plurality of melt channels 4 connected in parallel.
  • the collar 16 is clamped between the base plate 10 and the main plate 19. With this construction, the tubes 11 are easily replaced if damaged or worn.
  • the plastic melt 20 is divided into the individual material flows 1 in the main plate 19.
  • the vibrator 21 and the mechanism with which the movement to open and close the valves 22 are shown.
  • the vibrator 21 is arranged between the main plate 19 and the coupling plate 23, wherein it is thermally separated from them by insulating plates 24.
  • the Köppelplatte 23 is heated like the main plate 19, the base plate 10, the distributor plate 13 and the Austragplat ⁇ te 12. This prevents the guide bolts 25 from jamming in the slide guides 26, which are located in the base plate 10 and the main plate 19.
  • the guide pin 25 are fixed on one side with the Coupling plate 23 and on the other side firmly screwed to the distributor plate 13 and the discharge plate 12.
  • all the valves 22 are closed simultaneously when the actuating bolt 27 of the vibrator 21 is disengaged and opened when the vehicle is moved back.
  • the pressure medium 2 can be introduced into the melt channels 4 in precisely metered fashion.
  • the steam emerging from the gap seals (29 in FIG. 2) is collected with the metal bellows 28 and can be discharged in a controlled manner.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Processing And Handling Of Plastics And Other Materials For Molding In General (AREA)

Abstract

Un dispositif de granulation de matériaux fondus et ramollis, en particulier des matières plastiques, comprend un canal de masse fondue dans lequel le matériau à granuler est transporté, un orifice d'alimentation du canal de masse fondue par lequel un milieu pressurisé est introduit par intermittence en doses séparées dans le canal de masse fondue, le courant de matériau à granuler se subdivisant sous l'effet du refoulement du volume en portions séparées, c'est-à-dire en granulés, et une soupape qui commande par son ouverture et fermeture périodiques l'introduction intermittente du milieu sous pression dans le canal de masse fondue. La paroi du canal de masse fondue (4) est transversalement divisée par rapport à l'axe du canal, formant un point d'impact. Les deux parties d'impact (I, II) du canal de masse fondue (4) ainsi obtenues sont mobiles l'une par rapport à l'autre dans le sens de l'axe du canal, de façon à former, lorsqu'elles sont écartées l'une de l'autre, une fente annulaire (alimentation 6) qui entoure le canal de masse fondue (4) et qui est reliée à sa circonférence extérieure à un évidement de guidage du milieu sous pression (2). Les surfaces contiguës des parties d'impact (I, II) forment les surfaces d'étanchéité de la soupape (22).A device for granulating molten and softened materials, in particular plastics, comprises a melt channel into which the material to be granulated is transported, a feed port of the melt channel through which a pressurized medium is introduced intermittently in separate doses in the melt channel, the stream of material to be granulated being subdivided under the effect of the discharge of the volume into separate portions, that is to say into granules, and a valve which controls by its opening and closing periodic intermittent introduction of the pressurized medium into the melt channel. The wall of the melt channel (4) is transversely divided with respect to the axis of the channel, forming a point of impact. The two impact parts (I, II) of the melt channel (4) thus obtained are movable relative to each other in the direction of the axis of the channel, so as to form, when they are spaced from each other, an annular slot (supply 6) which surrounds the melt channel (4) and which is connected at its outer circumference to a recess for guiding the pressurized medium (2). The contiguous surfaces of the impact parts (I, II) form the sealing surfaces of the valve (22).

Description

VORRICHTUNG ZUM GRANULIEREN SCHMELZENDER UND ERWEICHENDER STOFFE DEVICE FOR GRANULATING MELTING AND SOFTENING SUBSTANCES
Die Erfindung betrifft eine Vorrichtung zum Granulieren - schmelzender und erweichender Stoffe, insbesondere Kunst¬ stoffe, bestehend aus einem Schmelzekanal, in dem der zu granulierende Stoff gefördert wird, und einer Zuführung z Schmelzekanal, durch die ein unter Druck stehendes Druck dium intermittierend als Einzelmengen in den Schmelzekana eingeleitet wird, wodurch der Stoffluß des zu granulieren Stoffes durch Volumenverdrängung in einzelne Stoffportion d.h. Granulatkörner, unterteilt wird, und einem Ventil, durch dessen periodisches öffnen und Schließen die interm tierende Einleitung des Druckmediums in den Schmelzekanal gesteuert wird.The invention relates to a device for granulating - melting and softening materials, in particular plastics, consisting of a melt channel in which the material to be granulated is conveyed and a feed z melt channel through which a pressurized pressure intermittently as individual quantities in the melt channel is introduced, which means that the material flow of the substance to be granulated by volume displacement into individual substance portions ie Granules, is divided, and a valve through the periodic opening and closing the intermittent introduction of the pressure medium in the melt channel is controlled.
Es ist aus der DE-AS 15 48 912 eine Vorrichtung zum Aufte len strömender Medien in einzelne aufeinanderfolgende Abschnitte bekannt, die voneinander durch Abschnitte eine anderen Mediums, das mit dem aufzuteilenden Medium nicht mischbar ist, getrennt sind. Zu diesem Zweck werden beide Medien zunächst in getrennten Leitungen bis zu einer Vere nigungsstelle geführt, an der das aufteilende Medium von einer Seite her in die das aufzuteilende Medium führende Leitung eingespritzt wird. Das aufteilende Medium wird da über eine pulsierend arbeitende Dosiereinrichtung in eine Zuleitung gedrückt, aus der es an der Vereinigungsstelle das aufzuteilende Medium gespritzt wird. Die Zuführung de aufteilenden Mediums mittels der Zuleitung bringt es mit sich, daß in dieser Zuleitung insbesondere bei höherenIt is known from DE-AS 15 48 912 a device for dividing flowing media into individual successive sections which are separated from one another by sections of another medium which is immiscible with the medium to be divided. For this purpose, both media are first led in separate lines to a consolidation point at which the dividing medium is injected from one side into the line leading the medium to be divided. The dividing medium is then pressed via a pulsating metering device into a feed line from which it is injected the medium to be divided at the union point. The supply of the dividing medium by means of the feed line entails that in this feed line, especially at higher ones
Pulsfrequenzen unerwünschte Resonanzen oder Reflexionen auftreten können, die das exakt rhythmische Einspritzen des aufteilenden Mediums stören, so daß die genaue Aufteilung des aufzuteilenden Mediums nicht gewährleistet ist. Darüber- hinaus können sich aufgrund des Einspritzens des aufteilen¬ den Mediums von der Seite her Turbulenzen im Bereich der Vereinigungsstelle ergeben, die ebenfalls das genaue Auftei¬ len des aufzuteilenden Mediums beeinträchtigen.Pulse frequencies undesirable resonances or reflections can occur that interfere with the exact rhythmic injection of the dividing medium, so that the exact division of the medium to be divided is not guaranteed. In addition, due to the injection of the dividing medium from the side, turbulence can occur in the area of the union, which likewise impairs the exact division of the medium to be divided.
Weiterhin ist in der US-PS 4,151,251 ein Verfahren speziell für die Herstellung von Kunststoffgranulat beschrieben, bei dem durch intermittierende Zuführung eines Kühlmediums in einen Kunststoffschmelze führenden Kanal das Kunststoffgra¬ nulat erzeugt wird. Als Kühlmedium soll vorzugsweise Wasser eingesetzt werden. Die Zuführung des Kühlmediums erfolgt über poröses Sintermetall, an dessen Oberfläche die Kunst¬ stoffschmelze vorbeigeleitet wird. Wegen der intermittieren¬ den Zuführung des Kühlmediums kommt in den Pausen der Zuführung die Kunststoffschmelze immer wieder direkt in Kontakt mit dem Sintermetall. Die Berührung der Kunst¬ stoffschmelze mit dem Sintermetall bringt die Gefahr mit sich, daß kleine Mengen von Kunststoffschmelze in das Sintermetall eindringen, dort zu lange verweilen und damit vercracken, wodurch einerseits die Kunststoffschmelze immer wieder verunreinigt und beeinträchtigt wird und die betref¬ fenden Öffnungen in dem Sintermetall verstopft werden. Weiterhin verlangt die Verwendung des Sintermetalls die Zuführung von hochgradig gereinigtem Wasser, da Verschmut¬ zungen in dem als Kühlmedium dienenden Wasser das Sinterme¬ tall kontinuierlich verstopfen. Schließlich ist die Ein¬ schaltung des Sintermetalls in die Zuführungsleitung für das Kühlmedium darum ungünstig, weil sich an dem Sintermetall ein hoher Druckabfall ergibt, durch den scharfe Flanken der einzelnen Druckstδße bei der intermittierenden Zuführung desFurthermore, US Pat. No. 4,151,251 describes a method specifically for the production of plastic granules, in which the plastic granules are produced by intermittently supplying a cooling medium into a channel leading to a plastic melt. Water should preferably be used as the cooling medium. The cooling medium is supplied via porous sintered metal, on the surface of which the plastic melt is conducted. Because of the intermittent supply of the cooling medium, the plastic melt always comes into direct contact with the sintered metal during the breaks in the supply. The contact of the plastic melt with the sintered metal entails the risk that small amounts of plastic melt penetrate into the sintered metal, remain there for too long and thus crack, whereby on the one hand the plastic melt is repeatedly contaminated and impaired and the openings in question the sintered metal. Furthermore, the use of the sintered metal requires the supply of highly purified water, since contamination in the water serving as the cooling medium continuously clogs the sintered metal. Finally, the connection of the sintered metal into the supply line for the cooling medium is unfavorable because there is a high pressure drop across the sintered metal due to the sharp edges of the individual pressure surges in the intermittent feeding of the
Kühlmediums abgeflacht werden.Cooling medium are flattened.
Der Erfindung liegt die Aufgabe zugrunde, die Zuführung des die Unterteilung bewirkenden Druckmediums so zu gestalten, daß durch die in den Schmelzekanal eingeleiteten Einzelmen¬ gen des Druckmediums der im Schmelzekanal geführte Stoff Druckstδße mit den Einzelmengen erhält, die den Stoff jeweils exakt aufteilen. Erfindungsgemäß geschieht dies dadurch, daß die Wandung des Schmelzekanals quer zur Kanal¬ achse unter Bildung einer Stoßstelle geteilt ist, daß die beiden dadurch entstehenden Stoßteile des Schmelzekanals in Richtung der Kanalachse derart relativ zueinander bewegbar sind, daß die auseinander bewegten Sto teile einen den Schmelzekanal umgebenden Ringspalt bilden, der an seinem äußeren Umfang mit einer das Druckmedium führenden Ausnehmung verbunden ist, und daß die einander zugewandten Flächen der Stoßteile die Dichtflächen des Ventils bilden.The invention is based on the object of designing the supply of the pressure medium causing the subdivision in such a way that the individual quantities of the pressure medium introduced into the melt channel give the substance guided in the melt channel pressure surges with the individual quantities which each divide the substance exactly. According to the invention, this is done in that the wall of the melt channel is divided transversely to the channel axis to form a joint, that the two resulting joint parts of the melt channel are movable relative to one another in the direction of the channel axis in such a way that the moved parts share a part surrounding the melt channel Form an annular gap, which is connected on its outer circumference to a recess carrying the pressure medium, and that the mutually facing surfaces of the abutment parts form the sealing surfaces of the valve.
Durch diese Gestaltung des periodisch betätigten Ventils wird einerseits erreicht, daß die aufeinanderfolgenden Druckstδße unmittelbar an derjenigen Stelle erzeugt werden, an der das Druckmedium in den Schmelzekanal eingeleitet wird. Irgendwelche Resonanzen können damit hinter dem Ventil praktisch nicht entstehen. Außerdem wird durch die Gestal¬ tung des Ventils das Druckmedium konzentrisch, symmetrisch dem Stoff im Schmelzekanal zugeführt, der somit gleichmäßig von allen Seiten jeweils den Druckstoß erhält und auf diese Weise auch gleichmäßig geteilt wird.This design of the periodically actuated valve on the one hand ensures that the successive pressure surges are generated directly at the point at which the pressure medium is introduced into the melt channel. Any resonances can practically not arise behind the valve. In addition, through the design of the valve, the pressure medium is supplied concentrically, symmetrically to the substance in the melt channel, which is therefore uniform receives the pressure surge from all sides and is divided evenly in this way.
Vorteilhaft verbindet man die Stoßteile mit einem Vibrator, der die Dichtflächen in periodischem Wechsel aufeinander¬ preßt und auseinanderfährt.It is advantageous to connect the butt parts with a vibrator, which presses the sealing surfaces against one another in periodic alternation and moves them apart.
Zweckmäßig wird das eine Stoßteil bereichsweise als Rohr ausgebildet, wobei das Rohr mit seinem einen Ende in die Ausnehmung hineinragt und die Stirnseite dieses Endes die eine Dichtfläche bildet. Auf diese Weise läßt sich die Stirnseite des Rohres, die bei geöffnetem Ventil von dem Druckmedium umspült wird, in günstiger Weise als Dichtfläche ausnutzen.The one butt part is expediently designed in some areas as a tube, the tube protruding with one end into the recess and the end face of this end forming the one sealing surface. In this way, the end face of the tube, which is flushed with the pressure medium when the valve is open, can be advantageously used as a sealing surface.
Die Dichtflächen kann man stumpf oder korrespondierend konisch ausbilden. Im Falle stumpfer Ausbildung ergibt sich eine einfache Nacharbeitbarkeit, z.B. zur Wiederherstellung der Dichtigkeit. Im Falle korrespondierender konischer Ausbildung lassen sich besonders hohe Abdichtungseffekte erzielen. Außerdem ermöglicht die konische Ausbildung eine Verkürzung des dem Ventil folgenden Austrittsteils des Schmelzekanals.The sealing surfaces can be made blunt or correspondingly conical. In the case of blunt training, there is easy reworkability, e.g. to restore tightness. In the case of a corresponding conical design, particularly high sealing effects can be achieved. In addition, the conical design enables a shortening of the outlet part of the melt channel following the valve.
Um ein Einfrieren des vom Schmelzekanal geführten Stoffes mit Sicherheit zu vermeiden, hält man zweckmäßig den Schmel¬ zekanal, das Druckmedium und den granulierenden Stoff auf gleicher Temperatur. Hierdurch ergibt sich auch der Vorteil, daß dadurch in der Vorrichtung keine unerwünschten Verzüge entstehen können.In order to reliably avoid freezing of the material guided by the melt channel, the melt channel, the pressure medium and the granulating material are expediently kept at the same temperature. This also has the advantage that no undesired distortions can occur in the device.
Als Druckmedium läßt sich eine Flüssigkeit oder ein Gas verwenden, vorzugsweise dient als Druckmedium Wasser oder Luft. Bei der Auswahl des Druckmediums ist auch darauf zu achten, daß dieses nicht mit dem im Schmelzekanal geführten Stoff reagiert oder sich mit diesem mischt. Außerdem muß das Druckmedium von dem granulierten Stoff leicht zu trennen sein.A liquid or a gas can be used as the pressure medium; water or is preferably used as the pressure medium Air. When selecting the pressure medium, care must also be taken to ensure that it does not react with the substance in the melt channel or mix with it. In addition, the print medium must be easy to separate from the granulated material.
Um zu vermeiden, daß die als Druckmedium verwendete Flüssig¬ keit unkontrolliert vor dem Ventil in Dampf umschlägt, hält man die Flüssigkeit vor dem Ventil unter einem entsprechend hohen Druck, der dieses Umschlagen verhindert. Ein solches Umschlagen würde die exakte Dosierwirkung des Ventils beeinträchtigen.In order to avoid that the liquid used as pressure medium turns into vapor in an uncontrolled manner in front of the valve, the liquid in front of the valve is kept under a correspondingly high pressure which prevents this turning. Such a reversal would impair the exact metering effect of the valve.
Um das Auseinanderreißen des im Schmelzekanal geführten Stoffes zu unterstützen, läßt man die Flüssigkeit nach Eintritt in den Schmelzestrom in Dampf umschlagen, wodurch sich eine spontane Volumenzunahme des Druckmediums ergibt. Um dieses Umschlagen in Dampf zu erzielen, ist eine Flüssig¬ keit als Druckmedium zu wählen, die bei Umgebungsdruck und der üblichen Temperatur des im Schmelzekanal geführten Stoffes praktisch schlagartig verdampft. Bei der hier beschriebenen Vorrichtung ergibt sich hinter dem Ventil der Umgebungsdruck praktisch dadurch, daß sich an das Ventil normalerweise keine langen Austrittsteile anschließen, vielmehr ist es ohne weiteres möglich, mit kurzen Austritts¬ teilen zu arbeiten.In order to support the tearing apart of the material carried in the melt channel, the liquid is allowed to change to steam after entering the melt stream, which results in a spontaneous increase in volume of the pressure medium. In order to achieve this change in steam, a liquid should be selected as the pressure medium, which evaporates practically suddenly at ambient pressure and the usual temperature of the substance carried in the melt channel. In the device described here, the ambient pressure behind the valve results practically from the fact that there are normally no long outlet parts connected to the valve, rather it is readily possible to work with short outlet parts.
Um die durch die Ventilbetätigung erzeugten einzelnen Stoffportionen durch Einflüsse des Austrittsteils hinter dem Ventil in ihrer Form möglichst nicht zu beeinträchtigen, bildet man das Austrittsteil des Schmelzekanals so kurz aus und gibt den Einzelmengen des Druckmediums ein solches Volumen, daß sich im Austrittsteil jeweils nur eine Stoffportion befindet. Diese Gestaltung besitzt auch den Vorteil, daß hinter dem Ventil praktisch Umgebungsdruck herrscht, so daß hier eine schlagartige Verdampfung einer als Druckmedium dienenden Flüssigkeit erfolgen kann, wodurch dann die einzelnen Stoffportionen praktisch nach der Ventil¬ betätigung aus dem Austrittsteil herausgeschleudert werden.In order not to impair the shape of the individual portions of substance generated by the valve actuation as a result of influences of the outlet part behind the valve, the outlet part of the melt channel is made so short and the individual quantities of the pressure medium are such a volume that there is only one in the outlet part Portion of fabric. This design also has the advantage that there is practically ambient pressure behind the valve, so that here a sudden evaporation of a liquid serving as a pressure medium can take place, as a result of which the individual portions of substance are practically thrown out of the outlet part after the valve has been actuated.
Nach dem Austritt der einzelnen Stoffportionen aus dem Austrittsteil werden die Stoffportionen als Granulat in üblicher Weise gekühlt.After the individual portions of material have emerged from the outlet part, the portions of material are cooled in the usual manner as granules.
Anhand eines Ausführungsbeispiels soll der Erfindungsgedanke erläutert werden. Es zeigenThe inventive idea is to be explained using an exemplary embodiment. Show it
Figur 1: die Vorrichtung im Schnitt in mehrerenFigure 1: the device in section in several
Betriebsphasen, Figur 2: die Vorrichtung im Schnitt mit konischerOperating phases, Figure 2: the device in section with a conical
Ausbildung der Dichtflächen des Ventils, Figur 3: eine Vorrichtung mit einer Mehrzahl vonFormation of the sealing surfaces of the valve, Figure 3: a device with a plurality of
Schmelzekanälen und gemeinsam betätigtenMelt channels and operated together
Ventilen. Valves.
-7--7-
Anhand eines Ausführungsbeispiels soll der Erfindungsgedanke erläutert werden. Fig. 1 zeigt das Prinzip des erfiπdungsge- mäßen Granulators.The inventive idea is to be explained using an exemplary embodiment. 1 shows the principle of the granulator according to the invention.
Aus der Grundplatte (10) ragt ein dickwandiges Rohr (11) her¬ aus, dessen Bohrung der Kanal (4) ist, in dem der zu granu¬ lierende Stoff (1) fließt. Beide Teile sind ortsfest. In der Phase 1 des Graπuliervorgangs liegt die Stirnfläche des dickwandigen Rohres an der Austragsplatte (12) an und verhin¬ dert den Zutritt von Druckmedium (2) in den Kanal. Die Zufüh¬ rung (6) ist also geschlossen. Das Druckmedium (2) befindet sich in Ausnehmungen der Verteilerplatte (13), die fest mit der Austragsplatte (12)' verbunden ist. Es steht unter einem vom Druckerzeuger (8) aufgebauten sehr hohen Druck und hat auf¬ grund des Durchlauferhitzers (7) eine hohe Temperatur. Auch der gesamte Verfahrensteil des Granulators, bestehend aus der Grundplatte (10) , einem oder mehreren dickwandigen Rohren (11) , der Austragsplatte (12) , der Verteilerplatte (13) und anderen Teilen, ist beheizt. Zum Versorgungsteil gehören neben dem Durchlauferhitzer (7) und dem Druckerzeuger (8) noch der Spei¬ cher (5) und das Sicherheitsventil (14) . Der Anschluß des Ver¬ sorgungsteils an den Verfahreπsteil erfolgt über eine flexible Verbinduαg (15) .A thick-walled tube (11) protrudes from the base plate (10), the bore of which is the channel (4) in which the substance (1) to be granulated flows. Both parts are stationary. In phase 1 of the pelletizing process, the end face of the thick-walled tube bears against the discharge plate (12) and prevents pressure medium (2) from entering the channel. The feed (6) is therefore closed. The pressure medium (2) is located in recesses in the distributor plate (13) which is firmly connected to the discharge plate (12) '. It is under a very high pressure built up by the pressure generator (8) and has a high temperature due to the continuous-flow heater (7). The entire process part of the granulator, consisting of the base plate (10), one or more thick-walled tubes (11), the discharge plate (12), the distributor plate (13) and other parts, is heated. In addition to the instantaneous water heater (7) and the pressure generator (8), the supply part also includes the memory (5) and the safety valve (14). The supply part is connected to the moving part via a flexible connection (15).
In der Phase 2 des Granuliervorgaπgs werden die Austragsplatte (12) und die Verteilerplatte (13) um den Weg ax von der Grund¬ platte (10) und dem dickwandigen Rohr (11) wegbewegt. Dadurch wird die Zuführung (6) geöffnet, und das Druckmedium (2), z.B. Wasser, tritt wegen des Druckgradienten in den Kanal (4) ein.In phase 2 of the granulating process, the discharge plate (12) and the distributor plate (13) are moved away from the base plate (10) and the thick-walled tube (11) by the distance ax. This opens the feeder (6) and the print medium (2), e.g. Water enters the channel (4) due to the pressure gradient.
In der Phase 3 wird die Zuführung (6) wieder geschlossen. Noch während dieses Vorgangs schlägt das in den Kanal (4) gelangteIn phase 3, the feed (6) is closed again. During this process the channel (4) hits
Druckmedium (2), in diesem Fall Wasser, wegen des deutlich geri geren Drucks im Kanal (4) in Dampf (9) um, trennt dadurch das Granulatkorn (3) vom Schmelzestrom (1) ab und befördert es wege der starken Volumenzunahme bis ins Freie. Bei der in der Figur 1 dargestellten Vorrichtung bildet die Stirnfläche des Rohres 11 und die dieser Stirnfläche zuge¬ wandte Oberfläche der Austragsplatte 12 die Stoßstelle des Schmelzekanals 4, der einerseits durch das Rohr 11 und die Austragsplatte 12 verläuft. Die Austragsplatte 12 stellt dabei das Austrittsteil des Schmelzekanals dar. Die Sto߬ stelle wird durch die beiden Stoßteile I und II gebildet, wobei Stoßteil I durch das Rohr 11 und die Grundplatte 10 und das Stoßteil II durch die Verteilerplatte 13 und die Austragsplatte 12 dargestellt werden. Die austragsplatten- seitige Stirnfläche des Rohres 11 zusammen mit der gegen¬ überliegenden Oberfläche der Austragsplatte 12 bilden das Ventil.Pressure medium (2), in this case water, because of the significantly lower pressure in the channel (4) in steam (9), thereby separating the granulate (3) from the melt flow (1) and conveying it to the path due to the large volume increase Free. In the device shown in FIG. 1, the end face of the tube 11 and the surface of the discharge plate 12 facing this end face form the abutment point of the melt channel 4, which on the one hand runs through the tube 11 and the discharge plate 12. The discharge plate 12 represents the outlet part of the melt channel. The joint is formed by the two butt parts I and II, butt part I being represented by the tube 11 and the base plate 10 and the butt part II by the distributor plate 13 and the discharge plate 12 . The end face of the tube 11 on the discharge plate side together with the opposite surface of the discharge plate 12 form the valve.
Die nachfolgende Angabe von Daten und Kenngrößen für einen prak¬ tischen Anwendungsfall soll zur weiteren Verdeutlichung der Funktioπweise des erfindungsgemäßen Granulators beitragen.The following specification of data and parameters for a practical application is intended to further clarify the function of the granulator according to the invention.
zu granulierender Kunststoff: Polypropylen mit 30% TalkumPlastic to be granulated: polypropylene with 30% talc
Temperatur der Kunststoffschmelze 195 °C Temperatur des Verfahrensteils 195 °C Temperatur des Druckmediums 195 °C Druck im Druckmedium 50 bar (vor der Zuführung)Temperature of the plastic melt 195 ° C temperature of the process section 195 ° C temperature of the pressure medium 195 ° C pressure in the pressure medium 50 bar (before feeding)
Druck im Schmelzekanal 5 bar (im Bereich der Zuführung) Verfahrweg Δx /10 mm In der Figur 2 ist eine Abwandlung der Darstellung in Figur 1, Phase 2 gezeigt. Gemäß Figur 1 stoßen die Dichtflächen, gebildet durch die Stirnfläche des Rohres 11 und die betref fende Oberfläche der Austragsplatte 12, stumpf aufeinander. Bei der Anordnung gemäß Figur 2 sind diese Dichtflächen korrespondierend konisch ausgebildet, wodurch sich eine besonders gute Abdichtung ergibt. Außerdem ist die das Druckmedium 2 aufnehmende Ausnehmung konisch verlängert, wodurch sich gegenüber der Ausführungsform nach Figur 1 eine Verkürzung des Austrittsteils (Kanal 4) ergibt.Pressure in the melt channel 5 bar (in the area of the feed) travel Δx / 10 mm FIG. 2 shows a modification of the illustration in FIG. 1, phase 2. According to Figure 1, the sealing surfaces, formed by the end face of the tube 11 and the relevant surface of the discharge plate 12, butt against each other. In the arrangement according to FIG. 2, these sealing surfaces are correspondingly conical, which results in a particularly good seal. In addition, the recess receiving the pressure medium 2 is conically elongated, resulting in a shortening of the outlet part (channel 4) compared to the embodiment according to FIG.
Figur 3 zeigt die Ausführung einer erfindungsgemäßen Vor¬ richtung zum Granulieren mit mehreren parallelgeschalteten Schmelzekanälen 4. Die Rohre 11, die an der der Dichtfläche 17 abgewandten Seite mit einem Bund 16 versehen sind, sind in Bohrungen 18 durch die Grundplatte 10 geführt. Der Bund 16 ist zwischen der Grundplatte 10 und der Hauptplatte 19 festgeklemmt. Durch diese Konstruktion sind die Rohre 11 bei Beschädigung oder Verschleiß leicht auszutauschen. In der Hauptplatte 19 erfolgt die Aufteilung der Kunststoffschmelze 20 in die einzelnen Stoffflüsse 1.FIG. 3 shows the design of a device according to the invention for granulating with a plurality of melt channels 4 connected in parallel. The tubes 11, which are provided with a collar 16 on the side facing away from the sealing surface 17, are guided in bores 18 through the base plate 10. The collar 16 is clamped between the base plate 10 and the main plate 19. With this construction, the tubes 11 are easily replaced if damaged or worn. The plastic melt 20 is divided into the individual material flows 1 in the main plate 19.
Des weiteren sind der Vibrator 21 und die Mechanik, mit der die Bewegung zum ffnen und Schließen der Ventile 22 errei¬ cht wird, dargestellt. Der Vibrator 21 ist zwischen der Hauptplatte 19 und der Koppelplatte 23 angeordnet, wobei er durch Isolierplatten 24 thermisch von diesen getrennt ist. Die Köppelplatte 23 ist ebenso wie die Hauptplatte 19, die Grundplatte 10, die Verteilerplatte 13 und die Austragsplat¬ te 12 beheizt. Damit wird verhindert, daß sich die Führungs¬ bolzen 25 in den Gleitführungen 26, die sich in der Grund¬ platte 10 und der Hauptplatte 19 befinden, verklemmen. Die Führungsbolzen 25 sind auf der einen Seite fest mit der Koppelplatte 23 und auf der anderen Seite fest mit der Verteilerplatte 13 und der Austragsplatte 12 verschraubt. Somit werden alle Ventile 22 beim Ausrücken des Betätigungs¬ bolzens 27 des Vibrators 21 gleichzeitig geschlossen und beim Zurückfahren geöffnet. Dadurch kann das Druckmedium 2 exakt dosiert in die Schmelzekanäle 4 eingeleitet werden.Furthermore, the vibrator 21 and the mechanism with which the movement to open and close the valves 22 are shown. The vibrator 21 is arranged between the main plate 19 and the coupling plate 23, wherein it is thermally separated from them by insulating plates 24. The Köppelplatte 23 is heated like the main plate 19, the base plate 10, the distributor plate 13 and the Austragplat¬ te 12. This prevents the guide bolts 25 from jamming in the slide guides 26, which are located in the base plate 10 and the main plate 19. The guide pin 25 are fixed on one side with the Coupling plate 23 and on the other side firmly screwed to the distributor plate 13 and the discharge plate 12. Thus, all the valves 22 are closed simultaneously when the actuating bolt 27 of the vibrator 21 is disengaged and opened when the vehicle is moved back. As a result, the pressure medium 2 can be introduced into the melt channels 4 in precisely metered fashion.
Mit dem Metallf ltenbalg 28 wird der aus den Spaltdichtungen (29 in Fig. 2) austretende Dampf aufgefangen und kann kontrolliert abgeleitet werden. The steam emerging from the gap seals (29 in FIG. 2) is collected with the metal bellows 28 and can be discharged in a controlled manner.

Claims

PATENTANSPRÜCHE PATENT CLAIMS
Vorrichtung zum Granulieren schmelzender und erweichen der Stoffe, insbesondere Kunststoffe, bestehend ausDevice for granulating melting and softening materials, especially plastics, consisting of
einem Schmelzekanal, in dem der zu granulierende Stoff gefördert wird,a melt channel in which the material to be granulated is conveyed,
und einer Zuführung zum Schmelzekanal, durch die ein unter Druck stehendes Druckmedium intermittierend als Einzelmengen in den Schmelzekanal eingeleitet wird, wodurch der Stoffluß des zu granulierenden Stoffes durch Volumenverdrängung in einzelne Stoffportionen, d.h. Granulatkörner, unterteilt wird,and a feed to the melt channel, through which a pressure medium under pressure is intermittently introduced into the melt channel as individual quantities, whereby the material flow of the material to be granulated is divided into individual material portions, i.e. granules, by volume displacement,
und einem Ventil, durch dessen periodisches öffnen und Schließen die intermittierende Einleitung des Druckme¬ diums in den Schmelzekanal gesteuert wird,and a valve whose periodic opening and closing controls the intermittent introduction of the pressure medium into the melt channel,
dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Wandung des Schmelzeka¬ nals (4) quer zur Kanalachse unter Bildung einer Stoßstelle geteilt ist, daß die beiden dadurch entste¬ henden Stoßteile (I, II) des Schmelzekanals (4) in Richtung der Kanalachse derart relativ zueinander bewegbar sind, daß die auseinander bewegten Sto teile (I, II) einen den Schmelzekanal (4) umgebenden Ring- spalt (Zuführung 6) bilden, der an seinem äußerencharacterized in that the wall of the melt channel (4) is divided transversely to the channel axis to form a joint so that the two resulting joint parts (I, II) of the melt channel (4) can be moved relative to one another in the direction of the channel axis that the material parts (I, II) that move apart form an annular gap (feed 6) surrounding the melt channel (4), which is located on its outer side
Umfang mit einer das Druckmedium Scope with a the print medium
(2) führenden Ausnehmung verbunden ist, und daß die einander zuge¬ wandten Flächen der Stoßteile (I, II) die Dichtflächen des Ventils (22) bilden.(2) leading recess is connected, and that the mutually facing surfaces of the abutting parts (I, II) form the sealing surfaces of the valve (22).
Vorrichtung nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Stoßteile (1,11) mit einem Vibrator (21) verbunden sind, der die Dichtflächen (17) im periodi- r sehen Wechsel aufeinanderpreßt und auseinanderfährt.Device according to claim 1, characterized in that the impact parts (1, 11) are equipped with a vibrator (21). are connected, which presses the sealing surfaces (17) together and moves them apart in periodic alternation.
3. Vorrichtung nach Anspruch 1 oder 2, dadurch gekenn- zeichnet, daß das eine Stoßteil (1,11) bereichsweise als Rohr (11) ausgebildet ist, daß das Rohr (11) mit seinem einem Ende in die Ausnehmung hineinragt und die Stirnseite dieses Endes die eine Dichtfläche (17) bildet.3. Device according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the one impact part (1, 11) is partially designed as a tube (11), that the tube (11) projects with one end into the recess and the end face of this End which forms a sealing surface (17).
. Vorrichtung nach Anspruch 3, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß Dichtflächen (17) stumpf ausgeführt sind.. Device according to claim 3, characterized in that the sealing surfaces (17) are designed to be blunt.
5. Vorrichtung nach Anspruch 4, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Dichtflächen korrespondierend konisch ausgebil¬ det sind (Figur 2) .5. Device according to claim 4, characterized in that the sealing surfaces are correspondingly conical (Figure 2).
6. Vorrichtung nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß der Schmelzekanal (4) , das6. Device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the melt channel (4), that
Druckmedium (2) und der zu granulierende Stoff (1) die gleiche Temperatur aufweisen.Print medium (2) and the material to be granulated (1) have the same temperature.
7. Vorrichtung nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß das Druckmedium (2) eine7. Device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the printing medium (2).
Flüssigkeit oder ein Gas ist, vorzugsweise Wasser oder Luft.Is liquid or a gas, preferably water or air.
8. Vorrichtung nach Anspruch 7 mit einer Flüssigkeit aus Druckmedium, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Flüssig¬ keit vor dem Ventil (22) unter so hohem Druck steht, daß sie vor dem Ventil (22) nicht in Dampf umschlägt.8. The device according to claim 7 with a liquid made of pressure medium, characterized in that the liquid is under such high pressure in front of the valve (22) that it does not turn into vapor in front of the valve (22).
9. Vorrichtung nach Anspruch 8 mit einer Flüssigkeit als Druckmedium, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Flüssig¬ keit nach Eintritt in den Schmelzekanal (4) in Dampf umschlägt, so daß der Stoffluß (1) durch diese spontan Volumenzunahme des Druckmediums (2) auseinandergerisse wird.9. The device according to claim 8 with a liquid as a pressure medium, characterized in that the liquid turns into vapor after entering the melt channel (4). turns over, so that the material flow (1) is torn apart by this spontaneous increase in volume of the pressure medium (2).
10. Vorrichtung nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche mit einer Flüssigkeit als Druckmedium, dadurch gekennzeich¬ net, daß der dem Ventil (22) folgende Austrittsteil (12) des Schmelzekanals (4) so kurz ausgebildet ist und die Einzelmengen des Druckmediums (2) ein solches Volumen besitzen, daß sich im Austrittsteil (12) jeweils nur eine Stoffportion (3) befindet. 10. Device according to one of the preceding claims with a liquid as a pressure medium, characterized in that the outlet part (12) of the melt channel (4) following the valve (22) is designed to be so short and the individual quantities of the pressure medium (2) are such Have volume so that there is only one portion of material (3) in the outlet part (12).
EP88902409A 1987-03-18 1988-03-18 Device for granulating melted and softened materials Ceased EP0329715A1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE19873708695 DE3708695A1 (en) 1987-03-18 1987-03-18 GRANULATOR FOR GRANULATING MELTING AND SOFTENING SUBSTANCES
DE3708695 1987-03-18

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0329715A1 true EP0329715A1 (en) 1989-08-30

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EP88902409A Ceased EP0329715A1 (en) 1987-03-18 1988-03-18 Device for granulating melted and softened materials

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EP (1) EP0329715A1 (en)
JP (1) JPH01502731A (en)
DE (1) DE3708695A1 (en)
WO (1) WO1988006961A1 (en)

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Also Published As

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US4960547A (en) 1990-10-02
DE3708695A1 (en) 1988-09-29
DE3708695C2 (en) 1990-10-25
JPH01502731A (en) 1989-09-21
WO1988006961A1 (en) 1988-09-22

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