EP0328794B1 - Partial combustion burner with spiral-flow cooled face - Google Patents

Partial combustion burner with spiral-flow cooled face Download PDF

Info

Publication number
EP0328794B1
EP0328794B1 EP19880202798 EP88202798A EP0328794B1 EP 0328794 B1 EP0328794 B1 EP 0328794B1 EP 19880202798 EP19880202798 EP 19880202798 EP 88202798 A EP88202798 A EP 88202798A EP 0328794 B1 EP0328794 B1 EP 0328794B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
burner
combustion zone
oxygen
wall member
gas
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired
Application number
EP19880202798
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP0328794A1 (en
Inventor
Henricus Johannes Antonius Hasenack
Ian Poll
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Shell Internationale Research Maatschappij BV
Original Assignee
Shell Internationale Research Maatschappij BV
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Priority claimed from US07/156,675 external-priority patent/US4887962A/en
Priority claimed from US07/156,679 external-priority patent/US4865542A/en
Application filed by Shell Internationale Research Maatschappij BV filed Critical Shell Internationale Research Maatschappij BV
Publication of EP0328794A1 publication Critical patent/EP0328794A1/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0328794B1 publication Critical patent/EP0328794B1/en
Expired legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
    • C10J3/00—Production of combustible gases containing carbon monoxide from solid carbonaceous fuels
    • C10J3/46—Gasification of granular or pulverulent flues in suspension
    • C10J3/48—Apparatus; Plants
    • C10J3/485—Entrained flow gasifiers
    • C10J3/487—Swirling or cyclonic gasifiers
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
    • C10J3/00—Production of combustible gases containing carbon monoxide from solid carbonaceous fuels
    • C10J3/46—Gasification of granular or pulverulent flues in suspension
    • C10J3/48—Apparatus; Plants
    • C10J3/50—Fuel charging devices
    • C10J3/506—Fuel charging devices for entrained flow gasifiers
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
    • C10J2300/00—Details of gasification processes
    • C10J2300/12—Heating the gasifier
    • C10J2300/1223—Heating the gasifier by burners

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a burner for use in the partial combustion of carbonaceous fuels, and particularly for the partial combustion of finely divided solid fuel such as pulverized coal, in which the fuel is introduced together with an oxygen-containing gas into a reactor space operating under a pressure up to 100 bar for producing pressurized synthesis gas, fuel gas or reducing gas.
  • Partial combustion also known as gasification, of a solid carbonaceous fuel is obtained by the reaction of the fuel with oxygen.
  • the fuel contains as combustible components, mainly carbon and hydrogen, which react with the supplied oxygen _ and possibly with any steam and carbon dioxide as may be present _ to form carbon monoxide and hydrogen. At some temperatures it is also possible to form methane.
  • a more advantageous process passes the finely divided fuel in a carrier gas such as nitrogen or synthesis gas into a reactor at relatively high velocity.
  • a flame is maintained in which the fuel reacts with oxygen-containing gas at temperatures above 1000°C.
  • the carbonaceous fuel is usually passed into the reactor via a burner, and the oxygen-containing gas is also passed via the burner into the reactor.
  • a moderator gas such as steam or carbon dioxide is also passed via the burner to the reactor; such a moderator gas is often advantageous for reducing or preventing premature contact of the oxygen with the reactor gas, which might result in undesirable complete conversion of the reactor gas.
  • the present burner is well suited to introduce the reactants in any desired manner, i.e., vertically or horizontally, into the reaction zone of a conventional, refractory lined partial oxidation gas generator, and is particularly suited for use in solid fuel gasification apparatus having a plurality of burners for the reactants positioned on substantially opposite sides of the combustion zone, whereby the reactants are introduced horizontally and the burner jets impinge on each other to facilitate the partial oxidation process and to minimize erosion of the refractory wall.
  • the invention therefore provides a burner for the partial combustion of finely divided solid carbonaceous fuel with an oxygen containing gas in a combustion zone, characterized by:
  • At least one first substantially annular channel disposed coaxially with said central channel and having an outlet to supply an oxidant gas flow to the combustion zone;
  • a front face disposed at the discharge end of said burner and normal to the longitudinal axis thereof, said front face having a central aperture through which at least said fuel and oxidant gas flow to the combustion zone; said front face comprising a hollow wall member operatively connected to: (a) a supply conduit disposed to supply fluid coolant to the proximate first end of a passageway in said hollow wall member; (b) a return conduit disposed to pass fluid coolant proximately from the final end of said passageway; and (c) including spiral flow means defining said passageway disposed within said hollow wall member to cause fluid coolant entering said hollow wall member from said supply conduit to flow in a spiral direction about the longitudinal axis of the burner.
  • a second substantially annular channel is disposed coaxially with said first annular channel and having an outlet to supply a second gas flow to the combustion zone.
  • the invention provides a burner that is capable of operation for extended periods of time without subjecting the front face and other burner components to excessive stress.
  • a burner for the partial combustion of a carbonaceous fuel, such as pulverized coal
  • a carbonaceous fuel such as pulverized coal
  • a carrier gas e.g., nitrogen, carbon dioxide or synthesis gas
  • the outlet 20 is disposed at an angle of from about 15 to about 60 degrees with respect to the longitudinal axis 14, so that the issuing stream of oxygen-containing gas will intersect and mix with the stream of solid fuel issuing from outlet 16 into the downstream combustion zone.
  • the oxidant gas will be oxygen-containing gas, or optionally a mixture of oxygen-containing gas with a moderator gas such as, e.g., steam or carbon dioxide.
  • Conventional separators are used for radially spacing the channels from each other, for example alignment pins, fins, centering vanes, spacers and other conventional means are used to symmetrically space the channels with respect to each other and to hold same in stable alignment with minimal obstruction to the free flow of the reactant streams.
  • the burner 10 further comprises a cylindrical hollow wall member 26 having an enlarged end part forming a front face 28 which is normal to the longitudinal axis 14 of the burner.
  • the hollow wall member is interiorly provided with spiral flow means 29, which may be somewhat pervious to fluids, but advantageously is a fluid impervious barrier forming a spiral channel 30, said channel having one end operatively connected to supply conduit 34 for supplying fluid coolant (arrow C) to said spiral channel and having the other end of said spiral channel operatively connected to return conduit 32 to pass fluid coolant from said channel 30 (arrow D).
  • the supply conduit may be operatively connected to either end of the spiral channel, and the return conduit to the other end, as desired.
  • the supply conduit provides the fluid coolant, particularly a liquid coolant such as tempered water to the outside end of spiral channel 30.
  • the use of high velocity coolant through the spiral channel assures even, low metal temperature in the burner face thereby enabling long life of the burner.
  • water When water is used as coolant, it is supplied to the hollow wall member at a flow rate sufficiently high that at maximum heat output of the burner the water entering the return conduit will have increased no more than about 5°C and more in particular less than about 3°C. It is found advantageous to employ as coolant tempered water having a temperature in the range below about 210°C.
  • a temperature moderating gas such as steam, carbon dioxide or nitrogen also may be introduced into the feed line of annular channel so that a mixture of oxygen-containing gas and moderating gas, is conveyed through annular channel 18 to outlet 20 to control the temperature and to limit the amount of oxygen as needed.
  • the rate of flow for each of the streams of pulverized fuel, and oxygen-containing gas optionally mixed with temperature moderator gas is controlled by a flow control valve (not shown) in each feedline upstream of the burner.
  • the burner firing rate i.e., turnup or turndown of the burner, is effected by changing the flow rate for each of the streams while maintaining a substantially constant ratio of atomic oxygen to carbon in the solid feed.
  • an oxygen demand of 0.9 to 1 ton per ton of moisture and ash-free coal is fairly typical of hard coals; for low rank coals 0.7 tons oxygen per ton is more representative.
  • a burner wherein arranged concentrically around said first annular channel 18 is a second substantially annular channel 22 for a second gas, which may be oxygen-containing gas, a moderator gas such as, e.g., steam or carbon dioxide, or a mixture or oxygen-containing gas and moderator gas, and having free end 24 forming an outlet for a second gas flow into the combustion zone.
  • Said outlet 24 will generally be disposed at a similar angle with respect to the longitudinal axis 14, but advantageously will be more divergent, i.e., less acute when said second annular channel will be used to supply moderating or shielding gas to the combustion zone.
  • the ratio of the cross-sectional area for the second annular channel divided by the cross-sectional area for the first annular channel is in the range from about 0.5 to 2, such as 0.75 to 1.5.
  • a second gas which may be oxygen-containing gas, a temperature moderating gas such as steam, carbon dioxide or nitrogen, or a mixture of oxygen-containing gas and moderating gas, is conveyed through annular channel 22 to outlet 24 to supply additional oxygen as needed, and when said second gas flow contains substantial amounts of moderator gas, forms a shield around the jets issuing coal and oxygen.
  • the shield of moderator gas may be advantageous for preventing premature contact of oxygen with the reactor gas, which might result in undesirable complete conversion of the reactor gas.
  • the rate of flow for each of the streams of the pulverized fuel, the oxygen-containing gas and of the second gas is controlled by a flow control valve in each feedline to the burner.
  • the burner firing rate i.e., turnup or turndown of the burner, is effected by changing the flow rate for each of the streams while maintaining a substantially constant ratio of atomic oxygen to carbon in the solid feed.
  • an oxygen demand of 0.9 to 1 ton per ton of moisture and ash-free coal is fairly typical of hard coals; for low rank coals 0.7 tons oxygen per ton is more representative. It is an advantage of the instant burner in addition to its durability that it has a channel for admitting a second gas to the combustion zone that permits great flexibility in supplying the reactants under a wide variety of operational requirements.
  • the burner will ordinarily be fabricated of high temperature resistant materials, particularly high temperature resistant metals and alloys and be fabricated by techniques of welding and/or brazing conventionally employed with such materials.
  • the channels and outlets for oxygen-containing gas which are usually made of metal, may be internally coated with an oxidic coating, such as ZrO2, or a ceramic, enabling the application of high oxygen-containing gas velocities without the risk of metal combustion by the oxygen.
  • solid carbonaceous fuel as used herein is intended to include various materials and mixtures thereof from the group of coal, coke from coal, coal liquefaction residues, petroleum coke, soot and particulate solids derived from oil shale, tar sands and pitch.
  • the coal may be of any type, including lignite, sub-bituminous, bituminous and anthracite.
  • the solid carbonaceous fuels are advantageously ground to a particle size so that at least about 90% by weight of the material is less than 90 microns and moisture content is less than about five per cent weight.
  • oxygen-containing gas as used herein is intended to refer to gas containing free oxygen, i.e., uncombined oxygen, and to include air, oxygen-enriched air, i.e., greater than 21 mole % oxygen, and also substantially pure oxygen, i.e., greater than about 95 mole % oxygen, with the remainder comprising gases normally found in air such as nitrogen and the rare gases.
EP19880202798 1988-02-17 1988-12-06 Partial combustion burner with spiral-flow cooled face Expired EP0328794B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (4)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US156679 1980-06-05
US156675 1988-02-17
US07/156,675 US4887962A (en) 1988-02-17 1988-02-17 Partial combustion burner with spiral-flow cooled face
US07/156,679 US4865542A (en) 1988-02-17 1988-02-17 Partial combustion burner with spiral-flow cooled face

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0328794A1 EP0328794A1 (en) 1989-08-23
EP0328794B1 true EP0328794B1 (en) 1991-05-08

Family

ID=26853407

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP19880202798 Expired EP0328794B1 (en) 1988-02-17 1988-12-06 Partial combustion burner with spiral-flow cooled face

Country Status (6)

Country Link
EP (1) EP0328794B1 (zh)
JP (1) JP2627552B2 (zh)
CN (1) CN1011617B (zh)
AU (1) AU605388B2 (zh)
CA (1) CA1308306C (zh)
DE (1) DE3862757D1 (zh)

Families Citing this family (28)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN201233007Y (zh) * 2007-08-06 2009-05-06 国际壳牌研究有限公司 燃烧器
CN101363624B (zh) * 2007-08-06 2011-05-25 国际壳牌研究有限公司 燃烧器
CN101363626B (zh) 2007-08-06 2015-05-20 国际壳牌研究有限公司 制造燃烧器前脸的方法
US8070483B2 (en) * 2007-11-28 2011-12-06 Shell Oil Company Burner with atomizer
JP5677094B2 (ja) 2008-01-16 2015-02-25 シエル・インターナシヨネイル・リサーチ・マーチヤツピイ・ベー・ウイＳｈｅｌｌ Ｉｎｔｅｒｎａｔｉｏｎａｌｅ Ｒｅｓｅａｒｃｈ Ｍａａｔｓｃｈａｐｐｉｊ Ｂｅｓｌｏｔｅｎｖｅｎｎｏｏｔｓｈａｐ 粒状固体材料を加圧式反応器に供給する方法
SE532338C2 (sv) 2008-04-22 2009-12-15 Aga Ab Förfarande samt anordning för förbränning av bränsle i fast fas
CN101382292B (zh) * 2008-10-24 2010-09-01 孙明路 醇基燃烧机及其醇基燃烧喷嘴和气动剪切刀
US20140144353A1 (en) * 2010-09-16 2014-05-29 Loesche Gmbh Solid fired hot gas generator with extended regulating range
CN103201358B (zh) 2010-10-01 2014-10-22 国际壳牌研究有限公司 用于气化固体燃料的燃烧器及相关方法
US9822969B2 (en) * 2010-11-30 2017-11-21 General Electric Company Fuel injector having tip cooling
CN102287825A (zh) * 2011-07-15 2011-12-21 马鞍山科达洁能股份有限公司 燃烧喷嘴及煤气化炉
AU2011373506B2 (en) * 2011-07-15 2015-11-05 Keda (Anhui) Clean Energy Co., Ltd. Burner nozzle and coal gasifier
CN102287826B (zh) * 2011-07-15 2013-09-11 安徽科达洁能股份有限公司 燃烧喷嘴和煤气化炉
CN103254940A (zh) * 2012-02-16 2013-08-21 通用电气公司 用于冷却燃料喷射器的系统和方法
CN202835334U (zh) 2012-04-02 2013-03-27 国际壳牌研究有限公司 用于气化固体燃料的燃烧器
CN103266951A (zh) * 2012-05-22 2013-08-28 摩尔动力(北京)技术股份有限公司 动力系统用非气液燃料工质发生器
EP2743579A1 (de) * 2012-12-14 2014-06-18 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Brennerspitze und Brenner
CN107033971B (zh) * 2016-02-04 2021-01-08 清华大学 用于水煤浆气化炉的多通道组合烧嘴及水煤浆气化炉
CN107022379B (zh) * 2017-05-09 2020-05-26 哈尔滨工业大学 一种带有水冷盘管保护的干煤粉气流床气化炉烧嘴
CN110577846B (zh) * 2019-09-12 2021-02-05 杨建平 燃烧系统及烧嘴
TWI769612B (zh) * 2020-11-02 2022-07-01 國立成功大學 渦捲式加熱裝置
CN112797420A (zh) * 2020-12-07 2021-05-14 南京锦泥资源环境科技有限公司 一种废水污泥减量化用焚烧装置
CN112856454A (zh) * 2021-01-18 2021-05-28 煤科院节能技术有限公司 废气处理器和废气处理方法
CN112856438A (zh) * 2021-01-18 2021-05-28 煤科院节能技术有限公司 有机废液燃烧处理器及其使用方法
CN112879902A (zh) * 2021-01-18 2021-06-01 煤科院节能技术有限公司 生物质粉耦合煤粉燃烧器及其使用方法
CN112856439A (zh) * 2021-01-18 2021-05-28 煤科院节能技术有限公司 燃烧处理器和垃圾焚灰处理方法
CN114621793B (zh) * 2022-03-17 2023-06-13 张金辉 一种煤气化设备的烧嘴
CN116477641B (zh) * 2023-02-28 2024-04-12 安徽泽一科技有限公司 一种氨合成工艺用生产设备

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US4547145A (en) * 1983-03-09 1985-10-15 Texaco Development Corporation Combination with a high temperature combustion chamber and top burner
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GB8317251D0 (en) * 1983-06-24 1983-07-27 Shell Int Research Burner for gasification of solid fuel
DE3440088A1 (de) * 1984-11-02 1986-05-07 Veba Oel Entwicklungs-Gesellschaft mbH, 4650 Gelsenkirchen Brenner
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Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
JPH028603A (ja) 1990-01-12
JP2627552B2 (ja) 1997-07-09
CA1308306C (en) 1992-10-06
CN1011617B (zh) 1991-02-13
DE3862757D1 (de) 1991-06-13
AU2637388A (en) 1989-08-17
AU605388B2 (en) 1991-01-10
EP0328794A1 (en) 1989-08-23
CN1035172A (zh) 1989-08-30

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