EP0327457A1 - Verfahren und Einrichtung zur Tiefsttemperaturerzeugung - Google Patents

Verfahren und Einrichtung zur Tiefsttemperaturerzeugung Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0327457A1
EP0327457A1 EP89400289A EP89400289A EP0327457A1 EP 0327457 A1 EP0327457 A1 EP 0327457A1 EP 89400289 A EP89400289 A EP 89400289A EP 89400289 A EP89400289 A EP 89400289A EP 0327457 A1 EP0327457 A1 EP 0327457A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
mixing box
solution
liquid
isotope
phase
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP89400289A
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English (en)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP0327457B1 (de
Inventor
Alain Benoit
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Centre National dEtudes Spatiales CNES
Original Assignee
Centre National dEtudes Spatiales CNES
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Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Centre National dEtudes Spatiales CNES filed Critical Centre National dEtudes Spatiales CNES
Priority to AT89400289T priority Critical patent/ATE73920T1/de
Publication of EP0327457A1 publication Critical patent/EP0327457A1/de
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0327457B1 publication Critical patent/EP0327457B1/de
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
    • F25B9/00—Compression machines, plants or systems, in which the refrigerant is air or other gas of low boiling point
    • F25B9/12—Compression machines, plants or systems, in which the refrigerant is air or other gas of low boiling point using 3He-4He dilution

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a process and an apparatus for obtaining very low temperatures.
  • the mixing box is associated with a column filled with equilibrium solution, and at the top of which is placed an evaporator which makes it possible to extract 3He from the solution.
  • a concentration gradient is created in the column, and 3He migrates from the mixing box to the evaporator, which leads to the dissolution of pure 3He and the cooling of the mixing box.
  • a cryostat could be operated in an analogous manner in which the mixing box contains a solution phase and a pure 4He phase.
  • the object of the invention is to make it possible to overcome these constraints by producing a cryostat comprising neither a distiller nor a low pressure pumping line.
  • the invention provides a process for obtaining very low temperatures by which, in a mixing box placed in a vacuum enclosure cooled to a temperature of the order of 2 ° K or lower, a two-phase system comprising a 3He solution phase in 4He liquid, and a liquid phase formed from the pure 3He isotope, this isotope is passed into the solution phase, the dissolving energy being borrowed from the can mixture to cool it, 3He is extracted from the mixing box in the form of a solution and a quantity of said 3He in the form of pure liquid is introduced into the mixing box equal to the amount of this isotope which leaves the box.
  • this process having the particularity that the two-phase system is created by continuously feeding the mixing box with 4He and 3He liquids introduced separately, in that the solution phase is extracted under conditions of speed suchthat the 3He it contains cannot diffuse against the current in the solution sufficiently to significantly increase the 3He content of the liquid 4He introduced and reduce the dissolution, in this 4He, of the liquid 3He introduced simultaneously.
  • the process of the invention has notable differences from the prior art. In both cases, it is sought to have a 4He with a low content of 3He, and in which the liquid 3He introduced can dissolve easily with production of cold.
  • the 3He content is lowered by diffusing it through the solution towards an evaporator.
  • the solution is extracted at a speed such that 3He cannot go back to raise the 3He content of 4He and therefore make it less capable of dissolving the liquid 3He.
  • the discharge pipe of a cryostat according to the present invention will preferably be narrow, and the circulation speed relatively high.
  • a heat exchanger 5 is constituted by three capillaries 2A, 3A, 4A made of CuNi of 0.1 mm inside diameter and 0.5 mm outside diameter, welded together over their entire length with tin and connected with a part to capillaries 2 to 4, and secondly to the mixing box.
  • thermometer 7 consisting of a germanium resistor, is screwed to the outside of this box.
  • the first consists of a conventional cryostat which by pumping a 4He bath allows a temperature close to 1.8 ° K to be obtained.
  • a vacuum chamber 1 containing the cold part of the cryostat previously described.
  • the two pure helium isotopes are injected in the form of gas into the cryostat at a flow rate controlled by two flow regulators. These gases are liquefied using exchangers in the main helium bath before being sent to cold chamber 1.
  • the second device is a rotating cryostat operating by continuous circulation of 4He from a fixed tank.
  • the rotation is obtained using a horizontal rotary connector on the 4He liquid supply line.
  • This cryostat makes it possible to cool an exchanger to a temperature close to 1.6 ° K by pumping the 4He and using a cold expansion valve.
  • On this exchanger is fixed the enclosure 1 containing the mixing chamber.
  • the two helium isotopes are injected in gaseous form then cooled and liquefied in the helium vapors of the main circulation.
  • cryostat is insensitive to gravity (no liquid-gas phase separation surface)
  • the only connections with the outside are made by three capillaries less than a millimeter in diameter.
  • such a system can be mounted on a support that can be oriented in all directions.
  • 3He it is necessary to use in this case an auxiliary distillation unit as described above.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Separation By Low-Temperature Treatments (AREA)
  • General Induction Heating (AREA)
  • Diaphragms For Electromechanical Transducers (AREA)
  • Thermotherapy And Cooling Therapy Devices (AREA)
  • Mixers With Rotating Receptacles And Mixers With Vibration Mechanisms (AREA)
  • Investigating Or Analyzing Materials Using Thermal Means (AREA)
  • Chemical Vapour Deposition (AREA)
  • Crystals, And After-Treatments Of Crystals (AREA)
  • Organic Low-Molecular-Weight Compounds And Preparation Thereof (AREA)
EP89400289A 1988-02-03 1989-02-02 Verfahren und Einrichtung zur Tiefsttemperaturerzeugung Expired - Lifetime EP0327457B1 (de)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AT89400289T ATE73920T1 (de) 1988-02-03 1989-02-02 Verfahren und einrichtung zur tiefsttemperaturerzeugung.

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR8801232A FR2626658B1 (fr) 1988-02-03 1988-02-03 Procede et appareillage pour l'obtention de tres basses temperatures
FR8801232 1988-02-03

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0327457A1 true EP0327457A1 (de) 1989-08-09
EP0327457B1 EP0327457B1 (de) 1992-03-18

Family

ID=9362892

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP89400289A Expired - Lifetime EP0327457B1 (de) 1988-02-03 1989-02-02 Verfahren und Einrichtung zur Tiefsttemperaturerzeugung

Country Status (8)

Country Link
US (1) US4991401A (de)
EP (1) EP0327457B1 (de)
AT (1) ATE73920T1 (de)
DE (1) DE68900992D1 (de)
ES (1) ES2031366T3 (de)
FR (1) FR2626658B1 (de)
GR (1) GR3004121T3 (de)
WO (1) WO1993014357A1 (de)

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR2707375A1 (fr) * 1993-07-05 1995-01-13 Centre Nat Etd Spatiales Procédé d'obtention de très basses températures.
WO2010012939A1 (fr) * 2008-07-31 2010-02-04 L'air Liquide Societe Anonyme Pour L'etude Et L'exploitation Des Procedes Georges Claude Réfrigérateur et procédé de production de froid à très basse température

Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3195322A (en) * 1961-09-22 1965-07-20 Atomic Energy Authority Uk Refrigerator employing helium
FR2010177A1 (de) * 1968-06-05 1970-02-13 Philips Nv
FR2176809A1 (de) * 1972-03-18 1973-11-02 Philips Nv
EP0089391A1 (de) * 1982-03-23 1983-09-28 International Business Machines Corporation Verfahren und Verdünnungskältemaschine zum Kühlen bei Temperaturen unter 1 K
EP0188976A1 (de) * 1984-12-17 1986-07-30 Centre National De La Recherche Scientifique (Cnrs) Mischkryostat

Family Cites Families (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR2262267B1 (de) * 1974-02-22 1976-12-03 Commissariat Energie Atomique
NL7504835A (nl) * 1975-04-24 1976-10-26 Philips Nv 3he-4he verdunnings koelmachine.
NL7902014A (nl) * 1979-03-14 1980-09-16 Philips Nv 3he-4he verdunningskoelmachine.
NL7902438A (nl) * 1979-03-29 1980-10-01 Philips Nv 3he-4he koelmachine.
US4770006A (en) * 1987-05-01 1988-09-13 Arch Development Corp. Helium dilution refrigeration system

Patent Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3195322A (en) * 1961-09-22 1965-07-20 Atomic Energy Authority Uk Refrigerator employing helium
FR2010177A1 (de) * 1968-06-05 1970-02-13 Philips Nv
FR2176809A1 (de) * 1972-03-18 1973-11-02 Philips Nv
EP0089391A1 (de) * 1982-03-23 1983-09-28 International Business Machines Corporation Verfahren und Verdünnungskältemaschine zum Kühlen bei Temperaturen unter 1 K
EP0188976A1 (de) * 1984-12-17 1986-07-30 Centre National De La Recherche Scientifique (Cnrs) Mischkryostat

Non-Patent Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Title
CRYOGENICS, vol. 20, no. 3, mars 1980, pages 115-121, IPC Business Press; A.P. SEVERIJNS: "A novel He3 - He4 dilution refrigerator with superfluid He4 circulation" *
CRYOGENICS, vol. 20, no. 3, mars 1980, pages 153-157, IPC Business Press; W. VAN HAERINGEN: "On the choice of tube lenghts and diameters in a He3 - He4 dilution refrigeration system" *
PHYSICS LETTERS, vol. 53A, no. 4, 30 juin 1975, pages 327-328; F.A. STAAS et al.: "A dilution refrigerator with superfluid injection" *

Cited By (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR2707375A1 (fr) * 1993-07-05 1995-01-13 Centre Nat Etd Spatiales Procédé d'obtention de très basses températures.
WO1995002158A1 (fr) * 1993-07-05 1995-01-19 Centre National D'etudes Spatiales Procede d'obtention de tres basses temperatures
WO2010012939A1 (fr) * 2008-07-31 2010-02-04 L'air Liquide Societe Anonyme Pour L'etude Et L'exploitation Des Procedes Georges Claude Réfrigérateur et procédé de production de froid à très basse température
FR2934674A1 (fr) * 2008-07-31 2010-02-05 Air Liquide Refrigerateur et procede de production de froid a tres basse temperature

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
DE68900992D1 (de) 1992-04-23
EP0327457B1 (de) 1992-03-18
ATE73920T1 (de) 1992-04-15
US4991401A (en) 1991-02-12
ES2031366T3 (es) 1992-12-01
FR2626658B1 (fr) 1990-07-20
WO1993014357A1 (fr) 1993-07-22
GR3004121T3 (de) 1993-03-31
FR2626658A1 (fr) 1989-08-04

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