EP0325920A1 - Fast or self-extinguishing cigarette - Google Patents
Fast or self-extinguishing cigarette Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP0325920A1 EP0325920A1 EP89100190A EP89100190A EP0325920A1 EP 0325920 A1 EP0325920 A1 EP 0325920A1 EP 89100190 A EP89100190 A EP 89100190A EP 89100190 A EP89100190 A EP 89100190A EP 0325920 A1 EP0325920 A1 EP 0325920A1
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- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- cigarette
- zones
- paper
- embossing
- air permeability
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Classifications
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A24—TOBACCO; CIGARS; CIGARETTES; SIMULATED SMOKING DEVICES; SMOKERS' REQUISITES
- A24D—CIGARS; CIGARETTES; TOBACCO SMOKE FILTERS; MOUTHPIECES FOR CIGARS OR CIGARETTES; MANUFACTURE OF TOBACCO SMOKE FILTERS OR MOUTHPIECES
- A24D1/00—Cigars; Cigarettes
- A24D1/02—Cigars; Cigarettes with special covers
- A24D1/025—Cigars; Cigarettes with special covers the covers having material applied to defined areas, e.g. bands for reducing the ignition propensity
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A24—TOBACCO; CIGARS; CIGARETTES; SIMULATED SMOKING DEVICES; SMOKERS' REQUISITES
- A24D—CIGARS; CIGARETTES; TOBACCO SMOKE FILTERS; MOUTHPIECES FOR CIGARS OR CIGARETTES; MANUFACTURE OF TOBACCO SMOKE FILTERS OR MOUTHPIECES
- A24D1/00—Cigars; Cigarettes
- A24D1/10—Cigars; Cigarettes with extinguishers
Definitions
- the invention relates to quick or self-extinguishing cigarettes, the tobacco rod of which is surrounded by a casing made of cigarette paper, which has areas with lower and higher air permeability in the form of pattern-like, preferably ring-like zones.
- Such cigarettes are known, for example, from DE-OS 25 59 071, where the cigarette paper is said to have zones of lower porosity in a range up to 100 and zones of higher porosity in a range from 150 to 2000 with an average porosity of 50 to 500 units Units in cm3.min ⁇ 1 each 10 cm2 and at a pressure of 10 cm water column were determined.
- a controlled burning rate and / or an increased number of puffs should be made possible by the ring-like zones of changing porosity.
- the air permeability P is now given according to DIN ISO 2965 as the amount of air in cm3 per minute, per cm2 and per kPa; it is calculated from the ratio of the volume flow of air in cm3 / min that crosses the test sample to the product of the test surface of the test sample in cm2 and the pressure difference between the two surfaces of the test sample in kPa and was previously also called the "Coresta value" specified.
- a cigarette paper is used whose areas of lower porosity correspond to an air permeability value of up to 10 P and preferably 5 P, while the areas of higher porosity have a value of 15 to 200 P with a total porosity of this cigarette paper of 5 to Have 50 P.
- the reduction in porosity in the areas of lower porosity can be achieved starting from paper with high porosity by applying gel-forming agents, such as glue, methyl cellulose, gums or lacquers and varnishes; it is also possible to perforate the cigarette papers with a porosity of about 3.6 P, which are said to be slightly porous, electrostatically or by pressure rollers or marking presses in order to reach zones of higher porosity, the average porosity being approximately 24 P.
- gel-forming agents such as glue, methyl cellulose, gums or lacquers and varnishes
- the smoldering speeds of one of these known cigarettes is, for example, 3.2 mm / min with a number of puffs of 9.7, while the corresponding comparative cigarette with conventional paper with an average porosity of about 26 P has a higher smoldering speed of 4.2 mm / min and one has a lower number of moves of 7.5.
- DE-PS 17 61 500 It is also known from DE-PS 17 61 500 to compact areas in the form of a lattice or waffle-like pattern, e.g. a silicate paste, and to reinforce the crossing points with an incombustible material, in particular to prevent the ash from falling off.
- a lattice or waffle-like pattern e.g. a silicate paste
- the object of the invention is therefore to propose a cigarette whose glowing zone goes out automatically after a glow time without train of less than about 210 seconds or after a glow of less than 6 mm. Furthermore, the cigarette should also have a lower sidestream smoke, and the overall behavior of the cigarette with regard to the number of trains and the glow rate from batch to batch should be the same and correspond to conventional cigarettes in all other properties, and ultimately the quality of the tobacco aroma entering the mouth should not be impaired .
- the surprising fulfillment of the task requirements is based on the knowledge that two criteria are essential for the characterization of conventional cigarette papers and for the cigarettes produced with them, namely the porosity or air permeability and the glow rate or glow time.
- the porosity determines the degree of ventilation, the glow rate of the paper and the speed of the glow of the cigarette as well as the combustion rate and thus the number of puffs, provided that the smoking conditions are standardized.
- the porosity refers only to the paper, while at the glow speed must be distinguished between paper and cigarette smoldering speed.
- the multiple batonning brings the porosity in the batonned areas to almost zero, while the total porosity of the cigarette paper, which is batonned in some areas, is below 4 P.
- This total porosity lies considerably below the minimum values of conventional cigarette paper and below those of the preferred ring-like areas according to the state of the art, which are considered to be slightly permeable, and which was regarded as the lower limit with regard to their just sufficient smoldering speed in order to maintain consumer-friendly smokability.
- the bathing can be done on one or on the other side of the paper, or on both sides.
- the zones densified by the batonning are preferably ring-shaped
- the formation of embossing zones along the cigarette axis is technologically easier to handle because of the control of the discrete zones to be batonned multiple times, since the possibility of multiple batonning transversely to the running direction of the cigarette paper there is that the embossing rollers do not exactly hit the same embossed area previously embossed.
- the cigarette is then obtained instead of a discontinuous glow rate
- the advantage of batonning in the longitudinal direction is the avoidance of so-called glow bridges, although an irregularity in the burn-up zone has to be accepted, which, however, only interferes optically.
- the constancy of the glow rate of the cigarette paper batinated in accordance with the invention in the lower porosity range is particularly surprising.
- the glow rate increases with increasing porosity, but the increase in the range from air permeability values to 5 P corresponds to a very steep curve which only changes into a proportionally increasing straight line at higher P values. Since these values fluctuate from batch to batch with conventional cigarette paper with low air permeability, even small changes of 1/10 P have a considerable influence on the glow rate.
- a cigarette paper with air permeability values of 15 P which is reduced by batonning below 4 P, the small manufacturing-related changes in the P values play practically no role.
- Another advantage of the cigarettes according to the invention is that the cigarette properties can be controlled without additives to the tobacco or the wrapper. Furthermore, the configuration according to the invention of the cigarette paper with compression zones can be included in the manufacturing process of the paper and the cigarette, so that this measure for controlling cigarette properties can be carried out extremely inexpensively.
- Batoning cigarette paper is known per se and e.g. mentioned in "Tobacco Encyclopedia” by E. Voges (1984); it is done by embossing the paper on filigree calender. The paper is guided between an embossing roller and a more flexible or elastic hard paper roller, the dry or semi-dry paper being compressed at the embossed points.
- This embossing embosses company or monopoly signs whereby the paper is denser in the embossed areas and the embossed sign appears dark on a light background when viewed from the cigarette and looks light on a white background when looking through the paper and gives the impression of an imitation Watermark results.
- the intensity of the bathing can be influenced by setting the absolute paper moisture in a range from about 1 to 10%, by the pressure applied from about 5 to 3000 Newton / cm and at different temperatures in the range from room temperature up to 95 ° C.
- an embossing calender which consists of an upper pressure roller, a counter-pressure roller arranged underneath and an embossing roller below this, a lower counter-pressure roller underneath and a rigidly arranged lower pressure roller.
- the pressure rollers are mostly steel rollers with a diameter of 32.0 cm and a working width of 119 cm, while the counter-pressure rollers which come into engagement with the embossing roller are rollers with a diameter of 27.0 cm and a working width of 119 cm covered with paper.
- the embossing roller itself is an engraved steel roller with a diameter of, for example, 19.4 cm and a working width of 118 cm, on the circumference of which there are provided raised webs which, depending on the desired coating, have a single width of 0.05 cm and a distance of, for example 0.05 cm, but also from Web to web can cause different embossing if the webs are wider or higher.
- the cigarette paper is drawn in via a decoiler in a working width of 100 cm in the press nip between the embossing roller and the lower counter-pressure roller, the web running being continuously controlled via side regulation and paper guide rollers, and the paper is optionally wound up with an intermediate spreader after the bathing.
- the rewind is usually carried out at a speed of 100 to 200 m / min, with the drive of the roller combination being synchronized. Particularly good results are achieved at working temperatures between 30 to 50 ° C and a paper moisture content of 5 to 7% in absolute terms.
- Batoning the cigarette paper can also take place during the manufacture of the cigarette itself and is then carried out outside or directly in the cigarette machine, the embossing calenders having a much smaller working width corresponding to the cut cigarette paper and consequently also being smaller and a smaller working width corresponding to the finished have cut cigarette paper and manage with lower working pressures.
- the zone attachment device is, for example, between the cigarette paper bobbin and the format finger of a conventional cigarette machine, so that cycle times or adjustments of the cigarette paper to be bathed accordingly can be carried out more easily.
- the stamping mechanism of the cigarette machine can also be coupled directly or synchronously with the charging attachment device.
- Cigarettes with a cigarette paper with an initial air permeability of approximately 2.5 P (Table A) and approximately 6.6 P (Table B) were adjusted to a low overall air permeability by multiple batting.
- the cigarette paper had a total fiber content of about 66% and a filler content of about 34%, which consisted essentially of calcium carbonate and a small amount of titanium oxide.
- Sodium acetate was added as the glow salt.
- a glow salt content of 0.7% and an ash content of about 18% this cigarette paper met the usual specifications.
- This cigarette paper was batonned transversely to the direction of travel in zones of 0.4 mm width, each with a spacing of 1 mm.
- the smoldering time could not be determined in seconds per 50 mm length of the cigarette, because the cigarette went out after 27 mm with non-baked paper and even after 6 to 1.5 mm with baked paper. With the values in Table B, however, these glow times could be measured until the second batonnier; the equivalent parameters, namely the extinction in mm and seconds, could only be measured after the third batonnier.
- Table B also show a significant decrease in air permeability in accordance with the number of baton steps, as well as a significant increase in the glow time of the cigarette up to the self-extinguishing effect after the third baton step with a very constant number of puffs.
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- Paper (AREA)
- Cigarettes, Filters, And Manufacturing Of Filters (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Die Erfindung betrifft schnell oder von selbst erlöschende Cigaretten, deren Tabakstrang von einer Hülle aus Cigarettenpapier umgeben ist, das Bereiche mit geringerer und höherer Luftdurchlässigkeit in Form musterartig ausgebildeter, vorzugsweise ringartiger Zonen aufweist.The invention relates to quick or self-extinguishing cigarettes, the tobacco rod of which is surrounded by a casing made of cigarette paper, which has areas with lower and higher air permeability in the form of pattern-like, preferably ring-like zones.
Derartige Cigaretten sind beispielsweise aus der DE-OS 25 59 071 bekannt, wobei das Cigarettenpapier Zonen geringerer Porosität in einem Bereich bis 100 und Zonen höherer Porosität in einem Bereich von 150 bis 2000 bei einer durchschnittlichen Porosität von 50 bis 500 Einheiten haben soll, wobei diese Einheiten in cm³.min⁻¹ je 10 cm² und bei einem Druck von 10 cm Wassersäule bestimmt wurden. Bei diesen bekannten Cigaretten soll durch die ringartigen Zonen wechselnder Porosität eine kontrollierte Brenngeschwindigkeit und/oder eine erhöhte Zugzahl ermöglicht werden.Such cigarettes are known, for example, from DE-OS 25 59 071, where the cigarette paper is said to have zones of lower porosity in a range up to 100 and zones of higher porosity in a range from 150 to 2000 with an average porosity of 50 to 500 units Units in cm³.min⁻¹ each 10 cm² and at a pressure of 10 cm water column were determined. In these known cigarettes, a controlled burning rate and / or an increased number of puffs should be made possible by the ring-like zones of changing porosity.
Anstelle der Porosität wird nunmehr nach DIN ISO 2965 die Luftdurchlässigkeit P als Luftmenge in cm³ je Minute, je cm² und je kPa angegeben; sie berechnet sich aus dem Verhältnis von Volumenstrom an Luft in cm³/min, der das Prüfmuster durchquert, zu dem Produkt aus Prüffläche des Prüfmusters in cm² und der Druckdifferenz zwischen den beiden Oberflächen des Prüfmusters in kPa und wurde früher auch als "Coresta-Wert" angegeben.Instead of the porosity, the air permeability P is now given according to DIN ISO 2965 as the amount of air in cm³ per minute, per cm² and per kPa; it is calculated from the ratio of the volume flow of air in cm³ / min that crosses the test sample to the product of the test surface of the test sample in cm² and the pressure difference between the two surfaces of the test sample in kPa and was previously also called the "Coresta value" specified.
Demnach wird gemäß DE-OS 25 59 071 ein Cigarettenpapier verwendet, dessen Bereiche geringerer Porosität einem Luftdurchlässigkeitswert von bis zu 10 P und vorzugsweise 5 P entsprechen, während die Bereiche höherer Porosität einen Wert von 15 bis 200 P bei einer Gesamtporosität dieses Cigarettenpapiers von 5 bis 50 P haben. Die Verringerung der Porosität in den Bereichen geringerer Porosität kann nach dieser Literatur ausgehend von Papier mit hoher Porosität durch Aufbringung von gelbildenden Mitteln, wie Leim, Methylcellulose, Gummen oder auch Lacken und Firnissen erzielt werden; es können auch die dort als gering porös genannten Cigarettenpapiere mit einer Porosität von etwa 3,6 P elektrostatisch oder durch Druckwalzen oder Markierpressen perforiert werden, um Zonen höherer Porosität zu erreichen, wobei die Durchschnittsporosität etwa bei 24 P liegt. Die Glimmgeschwindigkeiten einer dieser bekannten Cigaretten liegt beispielsweise bei 3,2 mm/min bei einer Zugzahl von 9,7, während die entsprechende Vergleichscigarette mit üblichem Papier mit einer durchschnittlichen Porosität von etwa 26 P eine höhere Glimmgeschwindigkeit von 4,2 mm/min und eine niedrigere Zugzahl von 7,5 aufweist.Accordingly, according to DE-OS 25 59 071, a cigarette paper is used whose areas of lower porosity correspond to an air permeability value of up to 10 P and preferably 5 P, while the areas of higher porosity have a value of 15 to 200 P with a total porosity of this cigarette paper of 5 to Have 50 P. According to this literature, the reduction in porosity in the areas of lower porosity can be achieved starting from paper with high porosity by applying gel-forming agents, such as glue, methyl cellulose, gums or lacquers and varnishes; it is also possible to perforate the cigarette papers with a porosity of about 3.6 P, which are said to be slightly porous, electrostatically or by pressure rollers or marking presses in order to reach zones of higher porosity, the average porosity being approximately 24 P. The smoldering speeds of one of these known cigarettes is, for example, 3.2 mm / min with a number of puffs of 9.7, while the corresponding comparative cigarette with conventional paper with an average porosity of about 26 P has a higher smoldering speed of 4.2 mm / min and one has a lower number of moves of 7.5.
Ferner ist es aus der DE-OS 23 15 613 bekannt, die Porosität des Papiers durch Abschleifen in seiner Dicke zu vermindern, um die Durchlässigkeit oder Porosität des Papiers zu erhöhen. Dadurch ist es angeblich möglich, den Geschmack der Cigarette besonders günstig zu beeinflussen und das Cigarettenpapier nicht durch Perforationen in seiner Struktur zu schwächen.Furthermore, it is known from DE-OS 23 15 613 to reduce the porosity of the paper by grinding its thickness in order to increase the permeability or porosity of the paper. This is said to make it possible to change the taste of the cigarette to influence particularly cheaply and not to weaken the structure of the cigarette paper through perforations.
Ferner ist aus der DE-PS 17 61 500 bekannt, verdichtete Bereiche in Form eines gitter- oder waffelartigen Musters aus, z.B. einem Silikatbrei, vorzusehen und die Kreuzungspunkte mit einem unbrennbaren Stoff zu verstärken, um insbesondere ein Abfallen der Asche zu verhindern.It is also known from DE-PS 17 61 500 to compact areas in the form of a lattice or waffle-like pattern, e.g. a silicate paste, and to reinforce the crossing points with an incombustible material, in particular to prevent the ash from falling off.
Ferner ist es aus der US-PS 3 911 932 bekannt, Cigarettenpapiere zu verwenden, deren Porosität in Richtung auf das Mundstück erhöht ist, um die Rauchzufuhr gleichmäßiger zu gestalten.Furthermore, it is known from US Pat. No. 3,911,932 to use cigarette papers whose porosity is increased in the direction of the mouthpiece in order to make the supply of smoke more uniform.
Alle diese bekannten Vorschläge führen, sofern sie technisch überhaupt realisierbar sind, zwar zu gewissen Vorteilen, jedoch werden diese auf Kosten anderer erwünschter Eigenschaften erreicht. Durch die Erhöhung der Porosität mittels elektrostatischer Perforation wird der Zuggradient, also das Rauchangebot je Zug vom ersten bis zum letzten Zug nachteilig während des Rauchens vergrößert. Bei einer Verminderung der Porosität durch Aufbringen von unbrennbaren Stoffen oder Gelatine werden dem Raucher Pyrolyseprodukte oder unerwünschte Brennstoffe zugeführt.All of these known proposals, if technically feasible at all, lead to certain advantages, but they are achieved at the expense of other desired properties. By increasing the porosity by means of electrostatic perforation, the train gradient, that is to say the amount of smoke offered per train from the first to the last train, is disadvantageously increased during smoking. If the porosity is reduced by applying non-flammable substances or gelatin, the smoker is supplied with pyrolysis products or unwanted fuels.
Darüber hinaus wird mit allen diesen Vorschlägen nicht erreicht, daß die Glutzone der Cigarette nach einer vorgegebenen Zeit von allein erlischt.In addition, all of these proposals do not ensure that the glowing zone of the cigarette goes out by itself after a predetermined time.
Im Hinblick auf die erhebliche Unfallgefahr, die durch abgelegte, weggeworfene oder beim Einschlafen hinfallende und weiterglimmende Cigaretten besteht, hat man bislang z.B. gemäß US-PS 4 061 147 vorgeschlagen, in einem Cigarettenpapier mehrere gesonderte Abschnitte aus nicht-brennbarem Material vorzusehen, wie beispielsweise Aluminiumfolien, die bereichsweise an einer Sollbruchstelle abgerissen werden können. Abgesehen davon, daß die Herstellung derartiger Cigaretten mit abreißbaren Aluminiumfolien auf einer Papiergrundlage überaus aufwendig ist, haben derartige Cigaretten ein völlig ungenügendes Zugverhalten und zeigen eine erheblich Qualitätsminderung.In view of the considerable risk of accidents caused by cigarettes which have been discarded, thrown away or fall asleep and continue to glow, it has hitherto been proposed, for example according to US Pat , the can be demolished in certain areas at a predetermined breaking point. In addition to the fact that the production of such cigarettes with tear-off aluminum foils on a paper base is extremely complex, such cigarettes have a completely insufficient tensile behavior and show a considerable reduction in quality.
Aufgabe der Erfindung ist es daher, eine Cigarette vorzuschlagen, deren Glutzone nach einer Glimmzeit ohne Zug von weniger als etwa 210 Sekunden oder nach einem Abglimmen von weniger als 6 mm von selbst erlischt. Ferner soll auch die Cigarette einen geringeren Nebenstromrauch erhalten, wobei ferner das Gesamtverhalten der Cigarette hinsichtlich der Zugzahl und der Glimmgeschwindigkeit von Charge zu Charge gleichbleibend und in allen anderen Eigenschaften üblichen Cigaretten entsprechen soll und letztlich die Qualität des in den Mund gelangenden Tabakaromas nicht beeinträchtigt werden soll.The object of the invention is therefore to propose a cigarette whose glowing zone goes out automatically after a glow time without train of less than about 210 seconds or after a glow of less than 6 mm. Furthermore, the cigarette should also have a lower sidestream smoke, and the overall behavior of the cigarette with regard to the number of trains and the glow rate from batch to batch should be the same and correspond to conventional cigarettes in all other properties, and ultimately the quality of the tobacco aroma entering the mouth should not be impaired .
Zur Lösung dieser Aufgabe wird daher eine Cigarette mit einem Cigarettenpapier der eingangs erwähnten Art vorgeschlagen, das gemäß Hauptanspruch ausgebildet ist, wobei bevorzugte Ausführungsformen in den Unteransprüchen aufgeführt sind.To solve this problem, a cigarette with a cigarette paper of the type mentioned at the outset is therefore proposed, which is designed in accordance with the main claim, preferred embodiments being set out in the subclaims.
Die überraschende Erfüllung der aufgabengemäßen Anforderungen beruht auf der Erkenntnis, daß zwei Kriterien für die Charakterisierung von üblichen Cigarettenpapieren und für die damit gefertigten Cigaretten wesentlich sind, nämlich einmal die Porosität bzw. Luftdurchlässigkeit und zum anderen die Glimmgeschwindigkeit bzw. Glimmzeit. Die Porosität bestimmt den Ventilationsgrad, die Papier-Glimmgeschwindigkeit und die Schnelligkeit des Abglimmens der Cigarette sowie unter der Voraussetzung genormter Abrauchbedingungen die Verbrennungsrate und damit die Zugzahl. Die Porosität bezieht sich ausschließlich auf das Papier, während bei der Glimmgeschwin digkeit zwischen Papier- und Cigaretten-Glimmgeschwindigkeit unterschieden werden muß.The surprising fulfillment of the task requirements is based on the knowledge that two criteria are essential for the characterization of conventional cigarette papers and for the cigarettes produced with them, namely the porosity or air permeability and the glow rate or glow time. The porosity determines the degree of ventilation, the glow rate of the paper and the speed of the glow of the cigarette as well as the combustion rate and thus the number of puffs, provided that the smoking conditions are standardized. The porosity refers only to the paper, while at the glow speed must be distinguished between paper and cigarette smoldering speed.
Bei herkömmlichen Cigarettenpapieren gleicher Grundpapiereigenschaften bestehen proportionale, aber nicht lineare Abhängigkeiten. Bei steigender Porosität steigt auch die Glimmgeschwindigkeit, während sie bei fallender Porosität sinkt. Eine Abnahme der Glimmgeschwindigkeit ist identisch mit einer Zunahme der Glimmzeit. Im Extremfall würde ein übliches Papier mit der Porosität Null nicht mehr glimmfähig sein und die Cigarette würde direkt nach dem Anzünden verlöschen.With conventional cigarette papers with the same base paper properties, there are proportional but not linear dependencies. With increasing porosity, the glow rate increases, while it decreases with decreasing porosity. A decrease in the glow rate is identical to an increase in the glow time. In extreme cases, a normal paper with zero porosity would no longer be able to glow and the cigarette would go out immediately after lighting.
Durch das mehrfache Batonnieren wird die Porosität in den batonnierten Bereichen auf nahezu Null gebracht, während die Gesamtporosität des bereichsweise batonnierten Cigarettenpapiers unter 4 P liegt. Diese Gesamtporosität liegt erheblich unter den Mindestwerten üblichen Cigarettenpapiers und unter denen der bevorzugten als gering durchlässig bezeichneten ringartigen Bereiche gemäß Stand der Technik, die als untere Grenze bezüglich ihrer gerade noch hinreichenden Glimmgeschwindigkeit zwecks Aufrechterhaltung einer konsumentengerechten Abrauchbarkeit angesehen wurde. Das Batonnieren kann auf der einen oder auf der anderen Seite des Papiers, oder beidseitig erfolgen.The multiple batonning brings the porosity in the batonned areas to almost zero, while the total porosity of the cigarette paper, which is batonned in some areas, is below 4 P. This total porosity lies considerably below the minimum values of conventional cigarette paper and below those of the preferred ring-like areas according to the state of the art, which are considered to be slightly permeable, and which was regarded as the lower limit with regard to their just sufficient smoldering speed in order to maintain consumer-friendly smokability. The bathing can be done on one or on the other side of the paper, or on both sides.
Wenngleich die durch das Batonnieren verdichteten Zonen vorzugsweise ringartig ausgebildet sind, ist die Ausbildung von Prägezonen längs zur Cigarettenachse, insbesondere bei linienförmigen Prägezonen wegen der Aussteuerung der mehrfach zu batonnierenden diskreten Zonen technologisch einfacher zu handhaben, da beim mehrfachen Batonnieren quer zur Laufrichtung des Cigarettenpapiers die Möglichkeit besteht, daß die Prägewalzen nicht exakt den vorher geprägten gleichen diskreten Bezirk treffen. Man erhält dann bei der Cigarette allerdings statt einer diskontinuierlichen Glimmgeschwindig keit beim quer batonnierten Cigarettenpapier eine kontinuierliche Glimmgeschwindigkeit bei einem längs batonnierten Cigarettenpapier. Dieses läßt sich allerdings durch Batonnierungsmuster in Zick-Zack- oder Wellenform wieder ausgleichen. Der Vorteil einer in Längsrichtung erfolgenden Batonnierung ist die Vermeidung einer Ausbildung von sogenannten Glimmbrücken, wobei allerdings eine Unregelmäßigkeit der Abbrandzone in Kauf genommen werden muß, die allerdings nur optisch stört.Although the zones densified by the batonning are preferably ring-shaped, the formation of embossing zones along the cigarette axis, in particular in the case of linear embossing zones, is technologically easier to handle because of the control of the discrete zones to be batonned multiple times, since the possibility of multiple batonning transversely to the running direction of the cigarette paper there is that the embossing rollers do not exactly hit the same embossed area previously embossed. The cigarette is then obtained instead of a discontinuous glow rate In the case of cigarette paper with transverse batons, there is a continuous glow rate with cigarette paper with longitudinal batons. This can, however, be compensated for by zig-zag or wave-shaped patterns. The advantage of batonning in the longitudinal direction is the avoidance of so-called glow bridges, although an irregularity in the burn-up zone has to be accepted, which, however, only interferes optically.
Besonders überraschend ist die Konstanz der Glimmgeschwindigkeit des erfindungsgemäß batonnierten Cigarettenpapieres im unteren Porositätsbereich. Im allgemeinen steigt bei üblichem Cigarettenpapier die Glimmgeschwindigkeit mit zunehmender Porosität, jedoch entspricht der Anstieg im Bereich von Luftdurchlässigkeitswerten bis 5 P einer sehr steilen Kurve, die erst bei höheren P-Werten in eine proportional ansteigende Gerade übergeht. Da bei üblichem Cigarettenpapier mit geringer Luftdurchlässigkeit diese Werte von Charge zu Charge schwanken, beeinflussen bereits geringe Änderungen von 1/10 P die Glimmgeschwindigkeit erheblich. Geht man dagegen, wie es bei der erfindungsgemäßen Cigarette der Fall ist, von einem Cigarettenpapier mit Luftdurchlässigkeitswerten von 15 P aus, die durch Batonnieren unter 4 P verringert sind, spielen die geringen herstellungsbedingten Änderungen der P-Werte praktisch keine Rolle.The constancy of the glow rate of the cigarette paper batinated in accordance with the invention in the lower porosity range is particularly surprising. In general, with conventional cigarette paper, the glow rate increases with increasing porosity, but the increase in the range from air permeability values to 5 P corresponds to a very steep curve which only changes into a proportionally increasing straight line at higher P values. Since these values fluctuate from batch to batch with conventional cigarette paper with low air permeability, even small changes of 1/10 P have a considerable influence on the glow rate. On the other hand, if, as is the case with the cigarette according to the invention, a cigarette paper with air permeability values of 15 P, which is reduced by batonning below 4 P, the small manufacturing-related changes in the P values play practically no role.
Ein weiterer Vorteil der erfindungsgemäßen Cigaretten besteht darin, daß eine Steuerung der Cigaretteneigenschaften ohne Zusätze zum Tabak oder zur Umhüllung erreicht wird. Weiterhin kann die erfindungsgemäße Ausgestaltung des Cigarettenpapiers mit Verdichtungszonen in den Herstellungsprozeß des Papiers und der Cigarette mit einbezogen werden, so daß diese Maßnahme zur Steuerung von Cigaretteneigenschaften äußerst kostengünstig durchführbar ist.Another advantage of the cigarettes according to the invention is that the cigarette properties can be controlled without additives to the tobacco or the wrapper. Furthermore, the configuration according to the invention of the cigarette paper with compression zones can be included in the manufacturing process of the paper and the cigarette, so that this measure for controlling cigarette properties can be carried out extremely inexpensively.
Das Batonnieren von Cigarettenpapier ist an sich bekannt und z.B. in der "Tobacco Encyclopedia" von E. Voges (1984) erwähnt; es erfolgt durch Prägung des Papiers auf Filigrankalander. Hierbei wird das Papier zwischen einer Prägewalze und einer nachgiebigeren oder elastischen Hartpapierwalze geführt, wobei an den geprägten Stellen das trockene oder halbtrockene Papier verdichtet wird. Durch diese Prägung werden Firmen- oder Monopolzeichen eingeprägt, wobei an den geprägten Stellen das Papier dichter ist und das eingeprägte Zeichen in der Aufsicht an der Cigarette dunkel auf hellem Grund erscheint und in der Durchsicht des Papieres hell auf weißem Grund aussieht und den Eindruck eines imitierten Wasserzeichens ergibt. Die Intensität der Batonnierung kann durch Einstellung der absoluten Papierfeuchte in einem Bereich von etwa 1 bis 10%, durch den aufgewandten Druck von etwa 5 bis 3000 Newton/cm und bei verschiedenen Temperaturen im Bereich von Zimmertemperatur bis zu 95°C beeinflußt werden.Batoning cigarette paper is known per se and e.g. mentioned in "Tobacco Encyclopedia" by E. Voges (1984); it is done by embossing the paper on filigree calender. The paper is guided between an embossing roller and a more flexible or elastic hard paper roller, the dry or semi-dry paper being compressed at the embossed points. This embossing embosses company or monopoly signs, whereby the paper is denser in the embossed areas and the embossed sign appears dark on a light background when viewed from the cigarette and looks light on a white background when looking through the paper and gives the impression of an imitation Watermark results. The intensity of the bathing can be influenced by setting the absolute paper moisture in a range from about 1 to 10%, by the pressure applied from about 5 to 3000 Newton / cm and at different temperatures in the range from room temperature up to 95 ° C.
Beim Batonnieren des Cigarettenpapieres kann man beispielsweise einen Prägekalander verwenden, der aus einer oberen Andruckwalze, einen darunter angeordneten Gegendruckwalze und einer unter dieser liegenden Prägewalze, einer darunter befindlichen unteren Gegendruckwalze und einer starr angeordneten unteren Andruckwalze besteht. Die Andruckwalzen sind meist Stahlwalzen mit einem Durchmesser von 32,0 cm und einer Arbeitsbreite von 119 cm, während die mit der Prägewalze in Eingriff gelangenden Gegendruckwalzen mit Papier belegte Walzen mit einem Durchmesser von 27,0 cm und einer Arbeitsbreite von 119 cm sind. Die Prägewalze selbst ist eine gravierte Stahlwalze mit einem Durchmesser von beispielsweise 19,4 cm und einer Arbeitsbreite von 118 cm auf deren Umfang ringförmig angeordnete erhabene Stege vorgesehen sind, die je nach der gewünschten Batonnierung beispielsweise eine Einzelbreite von 0,05 cm und einen Abstand von 0,05 cm haben, die aber auch von Steg zu Steg dadurch eine verschiedene Prägung bewirken können, wenn die Stege breiter oder höher ausgebildet sind. Im allgemeinen wird das Cigarettenpapier über eine Abwickelvorrichtung in einer Arbeitsbreite von 100 cm in der Preßspalt zwischen Prägewalze und unterer Gegendruckwalze eingezogen, wobei über Seitenregulierung und Papierleitwalzen der Bahnlauf kontinuierlich gesteuert und das Papier nach dem Batonnieren gegebenenfalls mit einer zwischengeschalteten Breitstreckeinrichtung aufgewickelt wird. Die Aufwicklung erfolgt meist mit einer Geschwindigkeit von 100 bis 200 m/min, wobei der Antrieb der Walzenkombination synchronisiert ist. Besonders gute Ergebnisse werden bei Arbeitstemperaturen zwischen 30 bis 50°C und einer Papierfeuchte von 5 bis 7 % absolut erzielt.When baking the cigarette paper, for example, an embossing calender can be used, which consists of an upper pressure roller, a counter-pressure roller arranged underneath and an embossing roller below this, a lower counter-pressure roller underneath and a rigidly arranged lower pressure roller. The pressure rollers are mostly steel rollers with a diameter of 32.0 cm and a working width of 119 cm, while the counter-pressure rollers which come into engagement with the embossing roller are rollers with a diameter of 27.0 cm and a working width of 119 cm covered with paper. The embossing roller itself is an engraved steel roller with a diameter of, for example, 19.4 cm and a working width of 118 cm, on the circumference of which there are provided raised webs which, depending on the desired coating, have a single width of 0.05 cm and a distance of, for example 0.05 cm, but also from Web to web can cause different embossing if the webs are wider or higher. In general, the cigarette paper is drawn in via a decoiler in a working width of 100 cm in the press nip between the embossing roller and the lower counter-pressure roller, the web running being continuously controlled via side regulation and paper guide rollers, and the paper is optionally wound up with an intermediate spreader after the bathing. The rewind is usually carried out at a speed of 100 to 200 m / min, with the drive of the roller combination being synchronized. Particularly good results are achieved at working temperatures between 30 to 50 ° C and a paper moisture content of 5 to 7% in absolute terms.
Das Batonnieren des Cigarettenpapieres kann auch bei der Herstellung der Cigarette selbst erfolgen und wird dann außerhalb oder direkt in der Cigarettenmaschine vorgenommen, wobei die Prägekalander eine sehr viel geringere Arbeitsbreite entsprechend dem fertig zugeschnittenen Cigarettenpapier haben und demzufolge auch kleiner sind und eine geringere Arbeitsbreite entsprechend dem fertig zugeschnittenen Cigarettenpapier haben und mit geringeren Arbeitsdrucken auskommen. In diesem Falle liegt die ZonenBatonnierungszusatzvorrichtung beispielsweise zwischen Cigarettenpapier-Bobine und dem Formatfinger einer üblichen Cigarettenmaschine, so daß Taktzeiten bzw. Einsteuerungen des entsprechend zu batonnierenden Cigarettenpapiers einfacher durchgeführt werden können. Man kann auch das Stempelwerk der Cigarettenmaschine mit der Batonnierungszusatzvorrichtung direkt bzw. synchron koppeln.Batoning the cigarette paper can also take place during the manufacture of the cigarette itself and is then carried out outside or directly in the cigarette machine, the embossing calenders having a much smaller working width corresponding to the cut cigarette paper and consequently also being smaller and a smaller working width corresponding to the finished have cut cigarette paper and manage with lower working pressures. In this case, the zone attachment device is, for example, between the cigarette paper bobbin and the format finger of a conventional cigarette machine, so that cycle times or adjustments of the cigarette paper to be bathed accordingly can be carried out more easily. The stamping mechanism of the cigarette machine can also be coupled directly or synchronously with the charging attachment device.
Es wurden Cigaretten mit einem Cigarettenpapier mit einer Ausgangsluftdurchlässigkeit von etwa 2,5 P (Tabelle A) und von etwa 6,6 P (Tabelle B) durch mehrfaches Batonnieren auf eine niedrige Gesamtluftdurchlässigkeit eingestellt. Das Cigarettenpapier hatte einen Gesamtfasergehalt von etwa 66% und einen Füllstoffgehalt von etwa 34%, der im wesentlichen aus Calciumcarbonat und einem geringen Anteil Titanoxid bestand. Als Glimmsalz wurde Natriumacetat zugesetzt. Hinsichtlich des Flächengewichtes von 25,0 g/m² und einer Dicke von etwa 35 µm, einem Glimmsalzgehalt von 0,7% und einem Aschegehalt von etwa 18% entsprach dieses Cigarettenpapier den üblichen Spezifikationen.Cigarettes with a cigarette paper with an initial air permeability of approximately 2.5 P (Table A) and approximately 6.6 P (Table B) were adjusted to a low overall air permeability by multiple batting. The cigarette paper had a total fiber content of about 66% and a filler content of about 34%, which consisted essentially of calcium carbonate and a small amount of titanium oxide. Sodium acetate was added as the glow salt. With regard to the basis weight of 25.0 g / m² and a thickness of about 35 µm, a glow salt content of 0.7% and an ash content of about 18%, this cigarette paper met the usual specifications.
Dieses Cigarettenpapier wurde quer zur Laufrichtung in Zonen von 0,4 mm Breite mit jeweils einem Abstand von 1 mm batonniert.This cigarette paper was batonned transversely to the direction of travel in zones of 0.4 mm width, each with a spacing of 1 mm.
Die folgenden Tabellen zeigen in Abhängigkeit von dem mehrmaligem Batonnieren den Abfall der Luftdurchlässigkeit, die Selbsterlöschung als Glimmzeit in mm und in Sekunden jeweils ohne Zug, sowie die durchschnittliche Zugzahl bei zwei verschiedenen Cigarettenpapieren:The following tables show the decrease in air permeability, the self-extinction as smoldering time in mm and in seconds without a pull, and the average number of pulls for two different cigarette papers, depending on the repeated batonning:
In der Tabelle A konnte die Glimmzeit in Sekunden je 50 mm Länge der Cigarette nicht bestimmt werden, weil die Cigarette bereits nach 27 mm bei unbatonniertem Papier und sogar nach 6 bis 1,5 mm bei batonniertem Papier erlosch. Bei den Werten der Tabelle B konnten dagegen diese Glimmzeiten bis zum zweiten Batonnieren gemessen werden; erst nach dem dritten Batonnieren konnten die äquivalenten Parameter, nämlich das Erlöschen in mm und Sekunden gemessen werden.
Die obigen Werte zeigen bei Tabelle A deutlich eine verhältnismäßig konstante Abnahme der Luftdurchlässigkeit mit Anzahl der Batonnierungsvorgänge, eine erhebliche Zunahme der Glimmzeit entsprechend der Zahl der Batonnierungsvorgänge und überraschenderweise trotz üblicher Streuung bei handgefertigter Cigaretten eine nicht unterscheidbare Zugzahl. Der angestrebte selbstlöschende Effekt innerhalb von etwa 210 Sekunden wird hier schon nach zweimaligem Batonnieren erreicht.The above values clearly show in Table A a relatively constant decrease in air permeability with the number of baton processes, a considerable increase in the smoldering time corresponding to the number of baton processes and, surprisingly, despite the usual scatter in handmade cigarettes, an indistinguishable number of puffs. The desired self-extinguishing effect within about 210 seconds is achieved here after just two batonnings.
Die Werte in Tabelle B zeigen ebenfalls eine deutliche Abnahme der Luftdurchlässigkeit entsprechend der Zahl der Batonnierungsschritte, sowie einen deutlichen Anstieg in der Glimmzeit der Cigarette bis zu dem selbstlöschenden Effekt nach dem dritten Batonnierungsschritt bei einer ebenfalls sehr konstanten Zugzahl.The values in Table B also show a significant decrease in air permeability in accordance with the number of baton steps, as well as a significant increase in the glow time of the cigarette up to the self-extinguishing effect after the third baton step with a very constant number of puffs.
Claims (12)
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
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DE3802645A DE3802645A1 (en) | 1988-01-29 | 1988-01-29 | QUICK OR SELF-EXTINGUISHING CIGARETTE |
DE3802645 | 1988-01-29 |
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EP0325920B1 EP0325920B1 (en) | 1991-07-31 |
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EP (1) | EP0325920B1 (en) |
JP (2) | JPH0265769A (en) |
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FR341143A (en) * | 1904-02-13 | 1904-07-30 | Francisco Perez Vizcaino | Cigarette paper with one or more borders |
GB875252A (en) * | 1958-11-12 | 1961-08-16 | Franz Muth | Cigarette |
DE2559071A1 (en) * | 1975-01-09 | 1976-07-15 | British American Tobacco Co | SMOKED PRODUCTS WITH PAPER CASE |
EP0139934A1 (en) * | 1983-08-08 | 1985-05-08 | Kimberly-Clark Corporation | Wrapper constructions for self-extinguishing smoking articles |
Cited By (8)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
EP1637325A1 (en) | 2004-09-16 | 2006-03-22 | Imperial Tobacco Limited | Method of printing smoking article wrapper |
EP2143345A1 (en) * | 2008-07-09 | 2010-01-13 | Reemtsma Cigarettenfabriken GmbH | Cigarette paper |
WO2010003560A1 (en) * | 2008-07-09 | 2010-01-14 | Reemtsma Cigarettenfabriken Gmbh | Cigarette paper |
WO2011117106A1 (en) * | 2010-03-22 | 2011-09-29 | British American Tobacco (Investments) Limited | Lip smoking article wrapper, smoking article, method and apparatus |
CN102892313A (en) * | 2010-03-22 | 2013-01-23 | 英美烟草(投资)有限公司 | Lip smoking article wrapper, smoking article, method and apparatus |
AU2011231863B2 (en) * | 2010-03-22 | 2014-07-10 | British American Tobacco (Investments) Limited | Lip smoking article wrapper, smoking article, method and apparatus |
AU2011231863C1 (en) * | 2010-03-22 | 2014-11-06 | British American Tobacco (Investments) Limited | Lip smoking article wrapper, smoking article, method and apparatus |
US9125436B2 (en) | 2010-10-29 | 2015-09-08 | British American Tobacco (Investments) Limited | Ventilated smoking article |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
DE3802645A1 (en) | 1989-08-10 |
AU2884889A (en) | 1989-08-03 |
DE3802645C2 (en) | 1990-06-07 |
AU613144B2 (en) | 1991-07-25 |
US4945932A (en) | 1990-08-07 |
EP0325920B1 (en) | 1991-07-31 |
JPH0265769A (en) | 1990-03-06 |
ATE65672T1 (en) | 1991-08-15 |
CA1316067C (en) | 1993-04-13 |
JPH01225473A (en) | 1989-09-08 |
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