EP0324813A1

EP0324813A1 - Putrefaction plant

Info

Publication number: EP0324813A1
Application number: EP88905682A
Authority: EP
Inventors: Winfried Kipke
Original assignee: Nockemann Otto
Current assignee: Nockemann Otto
Priority date: 1987-07-10
Filing date: 1988-07-06
Publication date: 1989-07-26
Also published as: JPH01503704A; WO1989000551A1; DK68589A; DK68589D0

Abstract

Zur schnellen Verrottung werden organische Abfallprodukte, wie tierische Fäkalien, Pflanzenabfälle und dergleichen, in geschlossene, schrägliegende Schächte eingebracht, hier aufgelockert und von im Kreislauf umwälzender Prozeßluft mit ständig ergänztem Sauerstoffanteil versehen. Zur Erzielung einer gleichmäßigen Verrottung bein geringem Einrichtungsaufwand gelangt das Rottegut (1) in den Raum (2) und anschließend durch die bewegten Mischwinkel (3) nach bedarfsweisem Anheben von Abstreifern (4) in die Schächte (5, 6, 7) um hinter dem letzten Schacht (7) von entsprechenden Einrichtungen, wie z.b. einer Schnecke (8), ausgetragen zu werden. Abstract Organic refuse such as animal excrements, vegetable refuse and similar is rapidly putrefied by introducing it into closed inclined pits, where it is broken up and treated by circulating air continuously enriched with oxygen. To ensure uniform decomposition using the simplest possible installation, the matter to be decomposed (1) is introduced into the chamber (2), raised to the required extent by strippers (4), conveyed by the inclined mixers (3) to the pits (5, 6, 7), and finally removed from the plant behind the last pit (7) by suitable devices, for example an endless screw (8).For quick rotting, organic waste products such as animal faeces, plant waste and the like are introduced into closed, inclined shafts, loosened up here and provided with constantly supplemented oxygen content by process air circulating in the circuit. In order to achieve a uniform rotting with little equipment effort, the rotting material (1) gets into the room (2) and then through the moving mixing angles (3) after the wipers (4) have to be lifted as required into the shafts (5, 6, 7) behind last shaft (7) of appropriate facilities, such as a snail (8) to be discharged. Abstract Organic refuse such as animal excrements, vegetable refuse and similar is rapidly putrefied by introducing it into closed inclined pits, where it is broken up and treated by circulating air continuously enriched with oxygen. To ensure uniform decomposition using the simplest possible installation, the matter to be decomposed (1) is introduced into the chamber (2), raised to the required extent by strippers (4), conveyed by the inclined mixers (3) to the pits ( 5, 6, 7), and finally removed from the plant behind the last pit (7) by suitable devices, for example an endless screw (8).

Description

Rotting plant

The invention relates to a rotting plant for a mixture of organic waste products, such as animal or human excrement and plant waste of all kinds, in comminuted form, these substances being introduced into inclined soils or into shafts formed by them, which are located in a closed housing, and continuously both mixed by mechanical loosening devices and flowed through by process air in the circuit in the required frequency.

In such rotting plants e.g. Manure or poultry droppings, the latter in liquid form, mixed or mixed into the same with ground straw or other organic crushed substances, whereby a short-term rotting in mostly 4 to 7 days, at a higher temperature of about 45 to 75 ° C, at which one Destruction of harmful germs, seeds and small organisms, such as salmonella, is achieved. Here, the free nitrogen of the excrement is brought into a bound form as a valuable fertilizer component, so that it can no longer be washed out and therefore does not get into the groundwater after application to the fields, but is instead fully available for fertilization. Excess process air can also be used for drying or heating purposes.

Known methods and associated devices of this type (DE-OS P 32 04 471.2-41), however, have several disadvantages. On the one hand, by entering the fresh rotting material into each individual shaft, the upper layers can slide down prematurely, which means that the uniformity of the rotting is no longer guaranteed, and on the other it is disadvantageous that the known devices are complex and require a high level of operation.

The object of the invention is to further develop known systems of this type so that the rotting of the material proceeds uniformly in all areas, thus producing a homogeneous product, the installation and operating effort is reduced and a good adaptation to different amounts of rotting material is possible as well as the process excess heat can also be used to warm up the freshly entered rotting material.

This object is achieved according to the invention in that the fresh rotting material or the components thereof are introduced into a room located above a first floor, and of mixed angles of the floors by raising, if necessary, the scraper which retains the rotting material of the room and the subsequent shafts from the room and then is conveyed from shaft to shaft to the outlet behind the last shaft, and that, if necessary, the freshly entered rotting material is warmed up by the excess heat of the process air.

In a special embodiment of the invention it is further proposed to increase the mixing angle of the soil under the space into which the fresh rotting material is input, preferably to extend its upper sliding surface by spring bars attached behind it, thereby increasing the mixing effect for the rotting material.

It is advantageous to achieve a simple mixing of the input components of the rotting material in that the individual components are blown or sprayed against one another in the space above the floor above which the rotting material is input, the spraying and blowing direction being approximately horizontal . If a particularly intimate mixing of the components of the fresh rotting material is required, the procedure can be such that a rotting material mixer is arranged in the space above the floor above which the rotting material is input, from whose ejection the rotting material falls onto this first floor.

To warm up the freshly entered rotting material, the procedure according to the invention can be such that either hot heat exchanger plates of the floor are heated by means of the hot process air drawn off in the upper region of the housing, which tightly surrounds the room and the shafts, or hot process air during the warming-up process to an increased extent into that on the first Ground rotten material is blown in, which can take place via outlet openings of the bottom and / or the side walls or the ceiling, or also that the heat exchangers of the bottom are heated by a carrier liquid which is heated by hot process air in a special heat exchanger.

For removal of the rotting material, it is favorable if it falls behind the last shaft into a high-lying trough with a screw from which it is discharged onto a trolley or the like during the conveying through the mixing angle.

The rotting material can be discharged in a simple manner by placing it on a chute at the top behind the last shaft, from which it emerges after opening a flap and directly into or onto further means of transport, such as vehicle holds of trucks or trailers or Conveyor belt systems or the like falls.

As a particularly advantageous possibility of discharging the rotting material, the invention further proposes, above under at the end of the last shaft, the housing is to be cantilevered towards the rear, the bottom of this area preferably being designed as a whole as a pivotable flap or double flap or in another openable manner and to be closed under this floor

Transport vehicle can be parked or other transport devices can be placed here, wherein a collecting space can be provided between the shaft end and the floor. This ensures that a portion of rotting material can be collected, e.g. a wagon load that falls out after opening the floor without stagnation caused by jamming of the rotting material or bridging in the same and the advantage is that the housing of the rotting plant only has to be opened rarely and briefly, so that only a small amount Amounts of the hot process air containing valuable substances can escape during the rotting material discharge.

The resulting storage space under the last floor can also be used instead of a tank room, according to a further feature of the invention, as a collecting space for larger quantities of rotting material, the floor of this storage space being able to be designed as a rolling or scraper floor for efficient rotting material discharge, so that after opening one Sidewall the rotting material emerges, or a belt scraper is used for this

A further use of the space under the last shaft, e.g. for collecting and drying the rotting material, is given by the fact that it can be moved from the interior of the rotting plant at the top while transferring the rotting material through the mixing angle through a barrier that can be opened and closed tightly or drop flaps is formed, separated, by drying air heated by the process air via heat exchangers, blown into the room, the rotting material is removed from the moisture. The rotting material can be discharged here equally by designing the floor as a rolling or scraper floor. The advantages achieved with the invention consist essentially in that by entering the rotting material first into a relatively large space, in which an increased mixing of the components of the rotting material is possible, in cooperation with the passage through the same a plurality of downstream shafts, in which one further mixing takes place, a particularly uniform mixing and thus also rotting of the good can be achieved, even though the effort in terms of equipment and operation is very low. In addition, the possible throughput of rotting material in the unit of time can be easily adapted to the needs of the operation in relation to smaller quantities and without a drop in efficiency by changing the throughput speed accordingly, which is due to the frequency of the rotation of the mixing angle in connection with the lifting the scraper is easy to carry out.

In the drawing, embodiments of the invention are shown, it show

1 shows a longitudinal section through the subject matter of the invention,

2 shows a detail of the first area of the rotting plant on an enlarged scale,

3 shows a detail in which the good input is made by blowing or injecting the components,

4 shows a detail of a good discharge via a slide,

5 shows a detail in which the housing is designed to be cantilevered to the rear under the area of the last floor and a saramel space located underneath,

6 and 7 each show an embodiment of the housing with a collecting space under the last shaft. 1 and 2, a space k is formed by a floor 3 and by further adjoining floors 3a to 3c shafts 5 to 7 are formed in a closed housing 2 of a rotting plant 1. Above the room 4, a rotting material mixer 10 is inserted in a ceiling 8 of the housing 2, to which the components of the rotting material are fed via a feed line 11 or funnel 12. By opening a closure flap 13, the mixed rotting material 1 4 falls on the first floor 3 and, due to its gravity, is already roughly distributed over the entire floor 3, the rotting material 14 both on the upper region of a support and base plate 15 and on the latter about a pivot axis 16 pivotally arranged flap 17 which adjoins the bottom 3 at rest according to a position 18 shown in dash-dotted lines. For this purpose, the flap 17 rests with its stop 19 on the support and base plate 15 and is formed by bars 22 in its lower region.

Due to the lower trough-like shape of the support and base plate 15, which is formed in a circular arc around the lower deflection 23 of a chain drive 24, dead spaces for the undesired deposition of non-moving rotting material 14 are avoided. In the lower area of the support and base plate 15, this is located above a collecting basin 21, provided with holes 20 so that parts of the rotting material 14 which have been entered into the space 4 and which are not absorbed when the organic components flow through, reach the collecting basin 21 and be brought back to room 4 from here either to the slurry tank or from above.

Due to the relatively large volume of the room 4, in particular the large height 9, also to the shafts 5 to 7, the rotting material 1 4 can initially be loose and uneven in it be distributed evenly and also irregularly and in large quantities.

At a known, over chain drives 24 in the direction of arrow 25 moving angle 26 are on its rear side an upper sliding surface 27 for increased lifting of the rotting material 14 at a distance several spring bars 29, such that they extend the upper sliding surface 27 and thus the rotting material 14, which rests on the first floor 3, is thoroughly mixed and is thus evenly distributed on the floor 3 by an appropriate number of movements of the mixing angle.

After the lower reversal of the mixing angle 26 around the chain wheels 28, the flap 17 is lifted from the upper sliding surface 27, as shown, then the spring bars 29 pass through the bars 22 of the flap 17, and the latter swings back into position 18.

When the rotting material 14 is subsequently loosened by correspondingly frequent movement of the mixing angle 26 in the direction of arrow 25, a scraper 32 rests on the floor 3 and is raised by the upper sliding surface 27 of the mixing angle 26, as a result of which the rotting material 14 lying thereon is stripped off, which prevents that part of the rotting material 14 reaches the subsequent shaft 5. During the movement of the mixing angle 26, process air is blown into the rotting material 1 4 through openings 33 provided in the area of channels 34 located laterally on the outer walls 35.

If, after appropriate mixing and starting of the rotting process through the mixing angle 26, rotting material 14 is to be introduced from space 4 into the subsequent shaft 5, the scraper 32 is moved by an external force mover 36 during so many movements of the mixing angle 26 a pivot axis 37 is brought into a position 38 until the desired amount of rotting material 14 has reached the shaft 5 in the direction of the arrow 39. The pivot axis 37 of the scraper 32 lies by the dimension 41 lower than the extension 42 of the surface 44 of the base 3, which makes it easier to lift the scraper 32 by the mixing angle 26. However, if stripping is to be achieved without residues of the rotting material 14 reaching the next shaft, it is expedient to place the pivot axis 46 by the dimension 47 over the extension 42 of the surface 44 of the bottom 3a. As a result, the stripping of the rotting material is reinforced by a higher supporting force and, on the other hand, due to the position of the movement path 43 of the leading edge of the stripper 45, the stripper 45 falls away from the rotting material when pivoting back onto the ground 3a, in a space cleared of the rotting material, so that also no such can be pinched between the front edge and the floor.

The rotting material 14 lies in the shaft 5 at the bottom against a partition 48 and a flap 49 in a known manner, the latter being pivoted for opening by the mixing angle 50 entering the shaft 5 at the bottom.

Shafts 6 and 7 are equipped in the same way, shaft heights 51 and 52 of shafts 6 and 7 being lower to shaft height 53 of shaft 5, each adapted to the smaller volume of rotting material 14 as the rotting process progresses.

The power wrench 36 can be a hydraulic winder which is switched to free movement during normal operation when the wipers 32 and 45 are raised by the mixing angles 26 and 50 reversing around the bases 3 and 3a. The scraper 54 of the shaft 6 is actuated by a hydraulic mover 55, to which a flexible traction element 56, deflected via a roller 57, connects, so that the hydraulic mover 55 does not move when the scraper 54 is raised. The scraper 60 for the shaft 7 is non-rotatable arranged on its bearing shaft 61, and outside of the housing 2, a lever 62 is attached to it, to which a power actuator 63 pivotally connects, so that the latter lies outside the housing 2 and is therefore not exposed to the influence of the aggressive process air.

Instead of using the power wrench 63, the lever 62 can be operated by hand in a correspondingly long version or with the interposition of a gear ratio, whereby simple equipment is achieved.

It can also be done in such a way that a single power winder for all wipers of a rotting system is provided by corresponding connection or coupling to lever 62, since the wipers of the system do not have to be lifted at the same time.

The rotting material 14 falls from the last shaft 7 into a trough 66, in which a screw conveyor 67 is provided for the discharge thereof through the outer wall 35. The height 68 of the screw conveyor 67 is designed so that the material to be discharged 14 can fall into or onto other transport devices, such as slides, conveyor belts or the like, or also directly into the loading space of vehicles parked next to the rotting system 1.

Under the upper area of the shaft 7 there is a storage tank 70 for the liquids to be processed, such as liquid manure; It is applied via line 71.

The pipeline 73 according to FIG. 3 is provided in order to feed crushed organic constituents, such as ground straw, chopped green or withered material, to the rotting plant 1 by blowing in, a distributor piece 74 distributing the crop flow into branch pipelines 75 that are evenly distributed over the width of the housing 2 conducts, which lie in an approximately horizontal plane and emerge on a wall 76 in room 77. The other side of the open space 77 below delimited by the wall 78 into which 75 orifices 80 enter in relation to the orifices 79 of the branch pipelines, so that the jets 81 of the organic material and the jets 82 of the liquid fractions meet in the space 77 and good mixing is thus achieved.

In the exemplary embodiment according to FIG. 4, the rotting material 14 to be discharged reaches a chute 86 from which, after opening the flap 85 which closes the opening 84 of the housing 2, it is transferred directly to a transport device, such as a vehicle 87.

According to FIG. 5, the housing 89 is designed to be self-supporting under the floor 3c in the area 90, with a collecting space 91 into which the rotting material 14 is filled behind the last shaft 7. The lower end of the collecting space 91 is formed by pivotable flaps 92 which are brought into the open position shown for emptying the collecting space 91 and as a result of which the rotting material 14 falls, as shown, into the loading space of the vehicle 87.

According to FIG. 6, behind and below the last shaft 7 i∞ housing 2, a collecting space 94 is provided for the finished crop 14, in which the same can be temporarily stored in larger quantities for removal. This space can also be used for predrying the rotting material, in which, for example, the required fresh air portion for the process air, preferably heated by the circulating process air via heat exchangers, is blown in from below, i.e. from the space of the roller or scraper floor 95 located here. To discharge the rotting material 14, the door 96 is opened and the rolling or scraper floor 95 is switched on. The closed collecting space 98 according to FIG. 7 under the last shaft has a ceiling 99 at the top, which can be opened and closed by a slide 100. The rotting material 14 falls for storage when the collecting space 98 is closed, first in a vestibule 101 and after opening the slide 100 briefly in the collecting space 98, in which, in addition to the intermediate storage, it is independent of the circulating process air in the housing 2 of drying air and heat exchangers from the process air can be heated, moisture is extracted to the desired extent. A roller or scraper floor 95 is also provided here for good discharge.

It can also be done that the collecting space 98 can be opened laterally or from behind by a larger door, so that a loading vehicle, such as a tractor with a front loader shovel, can discharge the rotting material. Depending on the operating conditions, this can be cheaper, especially if such a loading vehicle is already available.

Claims

1.Rotting plant for a mixture of organic waste products, such as animal or human excrement and plant waste of all kinds, in comminuted form, these substances being introduced on inclined floors or in shafts formed by them, which are in a closed housing, and continuously both by mechanical means Loosening devices are mixed as well as process air in the circuit is flowed through in the required frequency, characterized in that fresh rotting material (14) or the components thereof are introduced into a space (4) located above a first floor (3) and mixed angles (25, 50 ) the floors by lifting the wipers (32, 45, 54, 6θ) that hold back during normal operation of the rotting material (14) of the room (4) and the subsequent shafts (5, 6, 7) from the room (4) and then from the shaft to shaft (5, 6, 7) up to the exit behind the last shaft (7), and that, if necessary, the freshly entered rotting material (14) is warmed up by the excess heat of the process air or the finished rotting material (14) is dried.

2. rotting plant according to claim 1, characterized in that the mixing angle (26) of the bottom (3) is made enlarged under a space (4), preferably that its upper sliding surface (27) is extended by spring bars (29) attached behind it a pivotable flap (17) holding the rotting material (14) of the space (4) in the area of the spring bars (29) of the mixing angle (26) is formed by grating bars (22) which are located in the spaces between the spring bars (29 ) are provided.

3. rotting plant according to claim 1 and 2, characterized in that in the room (4) above the floor (3), the individual components of the rotting material (14), such as manure and crushed organic matter, are blown or sprayed against each other, the Spraying and blowing device or their mouths (79, 80) are approximately horizontal.

4. rotting plant according to claim 1 and 2, characterized in that in the room (4) above the floor (3) a Rottengutmischer (10) is arranged, from its ejection, a closure cap (13), the rotting material on this floor (3) falls.

5. The method according to the devices according to claim 1 and following, characterized in that by means of the hot in the upper region of the space (4) and the shafts (5,6,7) surrounding housing (2) extracted hot process air either heat exchanger plates of the floor (3) are heated or during a warm-up process of the freshly entered rotting material (14) hot process air to an increased extent into that on the first floor (3)

Rotting material (14) is blown in, which can take place via outlet openings in the bottom (3) or / and the side walls or the ceiling (8), or also in that the heat exchangers in the bottom (3) are heated by a carrier liquid which is heated by hot process air was heated in a special heat exchanger.

6. rotting plant according to claim 1 and following, characterized in that above. a trough (66) with a screw conveyor (77) is provided behind the last shaft (7) in the width of the system and is guided through an outer wall (35).

7. rotting plant according to claim 1 and 6, characterized in that above the last shaft (7) in the width of the plant a slide

(86) is provided, which can be opened through an opening (84) in the housing (2) or through transport devices, e.g. a parked vehicle (87) extends outside the same, the floor being opened and closed by a pivotable flap (92).

8. rotting plant according to claim 1 and following, characterized in that the housing (89) under the last floor (3c) in an area (90) is designed so that it is cantilevered to the rear so far that there is a collecting space (91) and below this area (90) a means of transport, for example a vehicle (87) is to be parked, the lower end of the collecting space (91) being formed by pivotable flaps (92) and being able to be opened or closed.

9. rotting plant according to claims 1 to 5, characterized in that under the last

Floor (3c), a tank room (70) or a collecting room (94) is provided, in which case the collected goods are discharged through a rolling or scraper floor (95) after a door (96) has been opened.

10. rotting plant according to claims 1 to 5, characterized in that under the last Floor (3c) a collecting space (98) closed by a ceiling (99) is provided, the same being able to be opened and closed by a slide (100), and an anteroom (101) is present above the closed collecting space (98) and the closed collecting space (98) can be flowed through by drying air which was heated by the process air via heat exchangers.

11. rotting plant according to claims 1 to 5 and 9 and 10, characterized in that collecting rooms (94, 98) can be opened by laterally or on the rear wall larger doors.

12. rotting plant according to claims 1 and 2, characterized in that a support and base plate (15) is arranged in a circular arc around the lower deflection (23) of a chain drive (24) which in the lower region with holes (20) above one Collection basin (21) is provided.

13. rotting plant according to claim 1, characterized in that a pivot axis (46) of the scraper (45) by such a measure (47) higher than the surface (44) of the bottom (3a) that the tangent (40) to Path of movement (43) of the front edge of the scraper (45) at the point of contact on the floor (3a) is approximately at an angle (α) of 60 ° to it.

14. rotting plant according to claim 1, characterized in that the wipers (32, 45, 54), if necessary, are raised by directly connected or by flexible traction elements (56) external force movers (36, 55).

15. rotting plant according to claim 1, characterized in that the wipers (60) are arranged in a rotationally fixed manner on a bearing shaft (61), to which outside the housing (2) via levers (62) external power movers (63) or hand levers are connected.