EP0321352A1 - Verfahren zum Einbinden von Ionenaustauscherharzen, die aus den Sekundärkreisläufen von Druckwasser- und Graphit-Gas-Reaktoren stammen - Google Patents
Verfahren zum Einbinden von Ionenaustauscherharzen, die aus den Sekundärkreisläufen von Druckwasser- und Graphit-Gas-Reaktoren stammen Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP0321352A1 EP0321352A1 EP88403208A EP88403208A EP0321352A1 EP 0321352 A1 EP0321352 A1 EP 0321352A1 EP 88403208 A EP88403208 A EP 88403208A EP 88403208 A EP88403208 A EP 88403208A EP 0321352 A1 EP0321352 A1 EP 0321352A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- resins
- exchange resins
- graphite
- immobilizing
- ion exchange
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 11
- 239000003456 ion exchange resin Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 8
- 229920003303 ion-exchange polymer Polymers 0.000 title claims abstract description 8
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 8
- 230000003100 immobilizing effect Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 4
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 title description 7
- 239000011347 resin Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 31
- 229920005989 resin Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 31
- QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonia Chemical compound N QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[Na+] HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 229910021529 ammonia Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 239000011230 binding agent Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 229920006395 saturated elastomer Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- 125000000129 anionic group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 7
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims description 3
- DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M Ilexoside XXIX Chemical compound C[C@@H]1CC[C@@]2(CC[C@@]3(C(=CC[C@H]4[C@]3(CC[C@@H]5[C@@]4(CC[C@@H](C5(C)C)OS(=O)(=O)[O-])C)C)[C@@H]2[C@]1(C)O)C)C(=O)O[C@H]6[C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@H](O6)CO)O)O)O.[Na+] DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000011734 sodium Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052708 sodium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910002651 NO3 Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 1
- NHNBFGGVMKEFGY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nitrate Chemical compound [O-][N+]([O-])=O NHNBFGGVMKEFGY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- 239000002609 medium Substances 0.000 description 11
- 125000002091 cationic group Chemical group 0.000 description 5
- -1 NH4+ ion Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- VWDWKYIASSYTQR-UHFFFAOYSA-N sodium nitrate Chemical compound [Na+].[O-][N+]([O-])=O VWDWKYIASSYTQR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 150000001450 anions Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 150000001768 cations Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 238000005342 ion exchange Methods 0.000 description 3
- 150000002500 ions Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 2
- 235000010344 sodium nitrate Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- VHUUQVKOLVNVRT-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonium hydroxide Chemical class [NH4+].[OH-] VHUUQVKOLVNVRT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N Calcium Chemical compound [Ca] OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Potassium Chemical compound [K] ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- CDBYLPFSWZWCQE-UHFFFAOYSA-L Sodium Carbonate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-]C([O-])=O CDBYLPFSWZWCQE-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 235000011114 ammonium hydroxide Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 150000001449 anionic compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000012736 aqueous medium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000010426 asphalt Substances 0.000 description 1
- RQPZNWPYLFFXCP-UHFFFAOYSA-L barium dihydroxide Chemical class [OH-].[OH-].[Ba+2] RQPZNWPYLFFXCP-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 239000011575 calcium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052791 calcium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000015556 catabolic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000004568 cement Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000006731 degradation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000006073 displacement reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000008570 general process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000009931 harmful effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010348 incorporation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000008188 pellet Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011591 potassium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052700 potassium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000002035 prolonged effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001737 promoting effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000000746 purification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000004317 sodium nitrate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000006641 stabilisation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011105 stabilization Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000087 stabilizing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010408 sweeping Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G21—NUCLEAR PHYSICS; NUCLEAR ENGINEERING
- G21F—PROTECTION AGAINST X-RADIATION, GAMMA RADIATION, CORPUSCULAR RADIATION OR PARTICLE BOMBARDMENT; TREATING RADIOACTIVELY CONTAMINATED MATERIAL; DECONTAMINATION ARRANGEMENTS THEREFOR
- G21F9/00—Treating radioactively contaminated material; Decontamination arrangements therefor
- G21F9/04—Treating liquids
- G21F9/06—Processing
- G21F9/16—Processing by fixation in stable solid media
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G21—NUCLEAR PHYSICS; NUCLEAR ENGINEERING
- G21F—PROTECTION AGAINST X-RADIATION, GAMMA RADIATION, CORPUSCULAR RADIATION OR PARTICLE BOMBARDMENT; TREATING RADIOACTIVELY CONTAMINATED MATERIAL; DECONTAMINATION ARRANGEMENTS THEREFOR
- G21F9/00—Treating radioactively contaminated material; Decontamination arrangements therefor
- G21F9/28—Treating solids
- G21F9/30—Processing
- G21F9/301—Processing by fixation in stable solid media
- G21F9/302—Processing by fixation in stable solid media in an inorganic matrix
- G21F9/304—Cement or cement-like matrix
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G21—NUCLEAR PHYSICS; NUCLEAR ENGINEERING
- G21F—PROTECTION AGAINST X-RADIATION, GAMMA RADIATION, CORPUSCULAR RADIATION OR PARTICLE BOMBARDMENT; TREATING RADIOACTIVELY CONTAMINATED MATERIAL; DECONTAMINATION ARRANGEMENTS THEREFOR
- G21F9/00—Treating radioactively contaminated material; Decontamination arrangements therefor
- G21F9/28—Treating solids
- G21F9/30—Processing
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a method for immobilizing ion exchange resins originating from the secondary circuits of pressurized water nuclear reactors and graphite-gas reactors.
- the present invention relates to a process for the immobilization, with a view to their storage, of said resins.
- the immobilization process chosen is that of concreting, that is to say the general process - known in itself - consisting of coating the products to be immobilized in a hydraulic binder.
- the problem consists in carrying out a pretreatment of the resins making it possible to implement this immobilization process and, if possible, to obtain a product having the best properties.
- the pretreatment process according to the invention is characterized in that the ion exchange resins are saturated with a base, preferably sodium hydroxide, under conditions such that the pH of the medium is greater than approximately 9 and that the release of ammonia is favored.
- a base preferably sodium hydroxide
- base a compound such as sodium, potassium, calcium or barium hydroxides.
- sodium hydroxide is preferred. This product can be used in solid form or in solution.
- the base used in the present invention is intended to ensure, by ion exchange, saturation of all the sites of the resins comprising an NH4+ ion, it is obviously necessary to carry out this exchange in an aqueous medium which can be consisting wholly or in part of the water which is generally present in the charge of the resins to be treated.
- the pH of the (aqueous) medium should be above about 9; in fact, the pH must be high enough for the NH4+ ions released from the resins by exchange with the basic cation (Na+) not to remain in the dissolved state in said medium but to give rise to gaseous ammonia which will emerge from said medium
- the amount of "base” used must be at least that which allows total displacement of the NH4+ ions by the cation of said base. In practice, since the proportion of cationic resins contained in the resins to be treated is often ignored, an amount of "base” is used which is at least sufficient for the cation of said base to saturate all the sites of the resins, assuming that all the resins treated are cationic it will be noted that the use of a quantity of base greater than that necessary to ensure the saturation of the sites can, to a certain extent, promote and accelerate the phenomenon of saturation.
- the process as described above only causes ionic exchanges on the cationic resins contained in the resins to be treated. It turns out that, given the very low radioactivity of the resins treated and the specifications current to be respected, it has been determined that the anionic resins did not have too great harmful effects on the phenomena of setting of the hydraulic binder.
- the process according to the invention can be improved by also stabilizing, by ion exchange, the anionic resins present in the resins to be treated.
- This stabilization can be done by carrying out the ion exchange of OH ⁇ contained in the anionic resins with ions such as NO4 ⁇ , SO4 ⁇ , CH3COO ⁇ ...
- ions such as NO4 ⁇ , SO4 ⁇ , CH3COO ⁇ ...
- NO3 ⁇ ion the most interesting, because of the stability obtained, because of the ease of its use and because of its inertia with respect to the anions present during concreting, is the NO3 ⁇ ion.
- the quantity of this anion (NO3 ⁇ preferably) to be used can advantageously be calculated by assuming that all the treated resin is of anionic type and that one aims at the saturation of all the sites of this resin.
Landscapes
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- High Energy & Nuclear Physics (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
- Treatment Of Water By Ion Exchange (AREA)
- Carbon And Carbon Compounds (AREA)
- Ceramic Products (AREA)
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
FR8717596A FR2624769B1 (fr) | 1987-12-16 | 1987-12-16 | Procede d'immobilisation de resines echangeuses d'ions provenant des circuits secondaires des reacteurs nucleaires a eau pressurisee et des reacteurs graphite-gaz |
FR8717596 | 1987-12-16 |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP0321352A1 true EP0321352A1 (de) | 1989-06-21 |
EP0321352B1 EP0321352B1 (de) | 1992-11-25 |
Family
ID=9357948
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP88403208A Expired - Lifetime EP0321352B1 (de) | 1987-12-16 | 1988-12-16 | Verfahren zum Einbinden von Ionenaustauscherharzen, die aus den Sekundärkreisläufen von Druckwasser- und Graphit-Gas-Reaktoren stammen |
Country Status (6)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US4834915A (de) |
EP (1) | EP0321352B1 (de) |
KR (1) | KR970004357B1 (de) |
DE (1) | DE3876224T2 (de) |
ES (1) | ES2053790T3 (de) |
FR (1) | FR2624769B1 (de) |
Cited By (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
WO1993010539A1 (de) * | 1991-11-18 | 1993-05-27 | Siemens Aktiengesellschaft | Verfahren zur behandlung von radioaktivem abfall |
EP1137014A1 (de) * | 2000-03-20 | 2001-09-26 | Institute Of Nuclear Energy Research, Taiwan, R.O.C. | Verfahren zum Co-Verfestigen von schwach radioaktiven nassen Abfallstoffen aus Siedewasserkernkraftreaktoren |
Families Citing this family (5)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US5545798A (en) * | 1992-09-28 | 1996-08-13 | Elliott; Guy R. B. | Preparation of radioactive ion-exchange resin for its storage or disposal |
TW365009B (en) * | 1996-09-24 | 1999-07-21 | Jgc Corp | Method of disposal of metallic aluminum-containing radioactive solid waste |
US5960368A (en) * | 1997-05-22 | 1999-09-28 | Westinghouse Savannah River Company | Method for acid oxidation of radioactive, hazardous, and mixed organic waste materials |
RU2600940C2 (ru) * | 2015-03-27 | 2016-10-27 | Открытое акционерное общество "Красная Звезда" | Способ подготовки твердой фазы жидких радиоактивных отходов к захоронению |
RU2735858C1 (ru) * | 2020-06-02 | 2020-11-09 | Акционерное общество "Научно-исследовательское проектно-технологическое бюро "Онега" (АО "НИПТБ "Онега") | Установка для сушки радиоактивных ионообменных смол |
Citations (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
FR2356246A1 (fr) * | 1976-06-24 | 1978-01-20 | Kernforschung Gmbh Ges Fuer | Procede pour l'amelioration de la resistance a la lixiviation des produits de la solidification des matieres radioactives par le bitume |
FR2361724A1 (fr) * | 1976-08-12 | 1978-03-10 | Commissariat Energie Atomique | Procede de stockage de resines echangeuses d'ions contaminees |
FR2505539A1 (fr) * | 1981-05-11 | 1982-11-12 | Snial Resine Poliestere Spa | Procede de solidification des dechets radio-actifs contenus dans des resines echangeuses d'ions, articles solides ainsi obtenus et composition contenant une matiere radioactive a base de resines echangeuses d'ions |
EP0157683A1 (de) * | 1984-03-21 | 1985-10-09 | Commissariat A L'energie Atomique | Verfahren zur Bituminierung von radioaktiven Abfällen bestehend aus Kationenaustauscherharzen und/oder Anionenaustauscherharzen |
Family Cites Families (7)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
FR1560332A (de) * | 1967-12-04 | 1969-03-21 | ||
SE7902685L (sv) * | 1978-04-13 | 1979-10-14 | Sgn Soc Gen Tech Nouvelle | Forfarande for foretredesvis kontinuerlig behandling av radioaktivt fluidum av lagaktivt eller medelaktivt slag |
DE2910677C2 (de) * | 1979-03-19 | 1983-12-22 | Kraftwerk Union AG, 4330 Mülheim | Verfahren zur Behandlung von borhaltigen radioaktiven Konzentraten aus Abwässern von Druckwasserreaktoren |
JPS58213300A (ja) * | 1982-06-04 | 1983-12-12 | 株式会社日立製作所 | 放射性廃棄物の処理方法 |
US4530723A (en) * | 1983-03-07 | 1985-07-23 | Westinghouse Electric Corp. | Encapsulation of ion exchange resins |
CH664843A5 (de) * | 1984-11-12 | 1988-03-31 | Industrieorientierte Forsch | Verfahren zur verbesserung der stabilitaetseigenschaften von verfestigten radioaktiven ionenaustausch-harzpartikeln. |
SE455656B (sv) * | 1986-01-15 | 1988-07-25 | Eka Nobel Ab | Sett for behandling av avfall fran en kernreaktoranleggning innehallande med radioaktiva metaller bemengd, organisk jonbytarmassa |
-
1987
- 1987-12-16 FR FR8717596A patent/FR2624769B1/fr not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
1988
- 1988-02-16 US US07/157,039 patent/US4834915A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1988-12-08 KR KR1019880016343A patent/KR970004357B1/ko not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1988-12-16 EP EP88403208A patent/EP0321352B1/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1988-12-16 DE DE8888403208T patent/DE3876224T2/de not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1988-12-16 ES ES88403208T patent/ES2053790T3/es not_active Expired - Lifetime
Patent Citations (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
FR2356246A1 (fr) * | 1976-06-24 | 1978-01-20 | Kernforschung Gmbh Ges Fuer | Procede pour l'amelioration de la resistance a la lixiviation des produits de la solidification des matieres radioactives par le bitume |
FR2361724A1 (fr) * | 1976-08-12 | 1978-03-10 | Commissariat Energie Atomique | Procede de stockage de resines echangeuses d'ions contaminees |
FR2505539A1 (fr) * | 1981-05-11 | 1982-11-12 | Snial Resine Poliestere Spa | Procede de solidification des dechets radio-actifs contenus dans des resines echangeuses d'ions, articles solides ainsi obtenus et composition contenant une matiere radioactive a base de resines echangeuses d'ions |
EP0157683A1 (de) * | 1984-03-21 | 1985-10-09 | Commissariat A L'energie Atomique | Verfahren zur Bituminierung von radioaktiven Abfällen bestehend aus Kationenaustauscherharzen und/oder Anionenaustauscherharzen |
Cited By (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
WO1993010539A1 (de) * | 1991-11-18 | 1993-05-27 | Siemens Aktiengesellschaft | Verfahren zur behandlung von radioaktivem abfall |
EP1137014A1 (de) * | 2000-03-20 | 2001-09-26 | Institute Of Nuclear Energy Research, Taiwan, R.O.C. | Verfahren zum Co-Verfestigen von schwach radioaktiven nassen Abfallstoffen aus Siedewasserkernkraftreaktoren |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
KR890010932A (ko) | 1989-08-11 |
ES2053790T3 (es) | 1994-08-01 |
FR2624769B1 (fr) | 1991-04-19 |
EP0321352B1 (de) | 1992-11-25 |
KR970004357B1 (ko) | 1997-03-27 |
FR2624769A1 (fr) | 1989-06-23 |
US4834915A (en) | 1989-05-30 |
DE3876224D1 (de) | 1993-01-07 |
DE3876224T2 (de) | 1993-05-19 |
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