EP0319138B1 - Modularer Steckerverbinder - Google Patents

Modularer Steckerverbinder Download PDF

Info

Publication number
EP0319138B1
EP0319138B1 EP88310105A EP88310105A EP0319138B1 EP 0319138 B1 EP0319138 B1 EP 0319138B1 EP 88310105 A EP88310105 A EP 88310105A EP 88310105 A EP88310105 A EP 88310105A EP 0319138 B1 EP0319138 B1 EP 0319138B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
coupler
housing member
face
web
front mating
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
EP88310105A
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP0319138A1 (de
Inventor
Richard Allen Nelson
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Whitaker LLC
Original Assignee
Whitaker LLC
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Whitaker LLC filed Critical Whitaker LLC
Publication of EP0319138A1 publication Critical patent/EP0319138A1/de
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0319138B1 publication Critical patent/EP0319138B1/de
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

Links

Images

Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01R—ELECTRICALLY-CONDUCTIVE CONNECTIONS; STRUCTURAL ASSOCIATIONS OF A PLURALITY OF MUTUALLY-INSULATED ELECTRICAL CONNECTING ELEMENTS; COUPLING DEVICES; CURRENT COLLECTORS
    • H01R24/00—Two-part coupling devices, or either of their cooperating parts, characterised by their overall structure
    • H01R24/60—Contacts spaced along planar side wall transverse to longitudinal axis of engagement
    • H01R24/62—Sliding engagements with one side only, e.g. modular jack coupling devices

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a coupler of the type for interconnecting two modular plugs.
  • Couplers used for interconnecting two multiconductor telephone cables wherein each of the multiconductor cables includes a modular plug interconnected to the multiconductor cable are useful as a means for lengthening or splicing multiconductor cable.
  • Such couplers are known in the art as taught by such references as U.S. Patents 4,153,327; 4,268,109; 4,273,402; 4,367,908; 4,379,609; and 4,460,234.
  • Most of these references teach using solid conductor wire formed in a variety of configurations to form two sets of resilient contacts such that the single wire can be used to interconnect the blade type contacts of two modular plugs.
  • none of these references teach an inexpensive method for inserting the terminals within the housings, as all of the terminals are formed as individual contact members.
  • FIG. 1A, 1B and 2 A prior art coupler which includes a molded web over the terminals is shown in Figures 1A, 1B and 2.
  • this coupler does not have a small front mating interface which makes it convenient and useable for a panel mountable electrical coupler.
  • the coupler includes like housing halves which makes the overall housing twice as large as a coupler which is inline.
  • the interface dimensions should be as small as possible in order not to waste panel space.
  • the present invention consists in an electrical coupler which can electrically interconnect two identical electrical plugs, the coupler comprising a first insulative housing member comprising a front mating face having a plug receiving opening therein, and a rear face comprising laterally aligned vertical grooves in the rear face which are in transition with channels which extend from the grooves to a position proximate the front mating face, and a second housing member comprising a front mating face having a second plug receiving opening therein, a mounting face which abuts the rear face of t he first housing member, and a second plurality of laterally aligned grooves, and a terminal subassembly which includes a plurality of electrically conductive contact elements integrally encapsulated within a web of insulative material intermediate the ends of the contact elements, wherein the rear face of the first housing member includes a pocket recessed from the rear face, and the subassembly is formed with the web profiled smaller than the pocket for receipt within the recessed pocket, with the web
  • the invention permits the design of a modular plug coupler where the terminals are held in a fixed array within and retained within the housings. It also permits the design of coupler for electrical plugs which allows the coupler to be panel mountable. Moreover, it enables a coupler to be provided which has an easy assembly method.
  • the inline coupler generally comprises a first housing member 10 which is latchably connectable to a second housing member 70 which traps between them a terminal subassembly 120.
  • the first housing member 10 generally includes a modular plug receiving opening 12 which extends inwardly from a front mating face 28 of the housing member 10 and is formed by two side walls 14 and a lower floor 21 and upper wall 23 (Figure 7).
  • a through passageway is defined by inner parallel surfaces 16 which receives the resilient latch of the modular plug member. Latching shoulders 18 are included on the parallel surfaces 16 as latching members for the modular plug member.
  • FIG. 6 shows an isometric view of the first housing member 10 from the side exposing the rear face 26 and showing the first housing member 10 partially cut away to expose the inner structure.
  • the rear face 26 includes a recessed pocket which is defined by side walls 20, lower wall 22, upper wall 24, and a recessed face 32.
  • a plurality of comb teeth 30 define vertically extending grooves 36 which extend a vertical distance from the rear face 26 downwardly into the pocket.
  • a wall 56 is included as part of the inner structure of the first housing member and defines the inner extent of the plug receiving cavity as one surface and defines the recessed face 32 as the opposite exterior surface.
  • Each of the grooves 36 is in alignment and in communication with a channel 34 which extends from the rear face forwardly to a position proximate the front mating face, each channel being defined by an upper surfaced 40 and a rearwardly facing shoulder 42.
  • Two latching structures 50 are cooperatively provided in an arrangement flanking the grooves 36 where each latch member includes an inclined surface 52 and a forwardly facing shoulder 54. The forwardly facing shoulder 54 is accessible from the front mating face through the plug receiving opening.
  • the second housing member 70 includes a rear face 96 having two resilient latching arms 98 extending therefrom, having ramped surfaces 100 and forwardly facing latch surfaces 102.
  • the second housing member further includes a plurality of vertically extending comb members 86 which define laterally aligned vertical grooves 88 which extend into the interior of the second housing member 70.
  • a bridge portion 84 is integrally formed to integrate the combs 86 to the housing member and to provide stability of the comb members between the opposite side walls of the housing.
  • each of the grooves 88 which extend inwardly from the rear face 96 are in cooperation with a channel having a lower surface 92 and a rearwardly facing shoulder 94 adjacent the front mating face.
  • the second housing member 70 includes a front mating face 72 having side walls 74 thereby defining a plug receiving opening 76 therein.
  • Parallel rails, such as 78, are included on the side walls 74 acting as the through passageway for the resilient latch of the modular plug member while rear facing shoulders 80 act as the latching surface for the modular plug latch member.
  • a terminal subassembly 120 is shown including a plurality of laterally spaced formed wire which includes an integral molded web 140 which spans a lateral extent of the wires and encapsulates the wires into a terminal subassembly.
  • each of the formed wires includes portions 121 and 122 extending out of opposite ends of the web member 140 where they are formed into perpendicular leg portions 124 and 130, respectively.
  • the leg portions 124 and 130 extend outwardly away from the web portion to radiused portions 126 and 132 where they are reversely bent and formed into resilient contact members 128 and 134.
  • the terminal subassembly 120 is insertable through the rear face 26 of the first housing member 10 such that each of the terminals enters one of the grooves 136 and is disposed within one of the channels 34.
  • the terminal subassembly is insertable into the first housing member 10 until the integral web 140 is flush with the recessed face 32, as shown in Figure 7.
  • each of the legs 124 is disposed within one of the respective channels 34 and each leg 124 is in a substantially abutting relation with the top surface 40 of the channel.
  • the radiused portion 126 is adjacent the rearwardly facing shoulder 42 which places the radiused portion 126 adjacent to the front mating face.
  • the bridge portion 48 which is shown in Figure 6, includes at the forward side a ramped surface 46 which is cooperatively angled to receive the free end of the resilient contact portion 128 in an abutting manner.
  • the channel 34 enlarges as the channel progresses rearwardly and, likewise, the profile of the terminal subassembly expands as the wire progresses from the radiused portion 126 rearwardly to the web. This allows the radiused portion of the wires which form the terminal subassembly 120 to be inserted from the rear face of the first housing member and are self-aligned within an associated channel 34.
  • the grooves 88 at the rear face 96 of the second housing member 70 extend inwardly towards the central portion of the housing and are in alignment with channels having lower surfaces 92 and rearwardly facing shoulders 94.
  • the second housing member 70 can be affixed to the first housing member 10 by aligning the grooves 88 at the rear face 96 of the second housing member 70 with the radiused portions 132 of the terminal subassembly.
  • each of the wires which extend from the web member 140 to form the second set of resilient contact portions are disposed in separate and associated channels.
  • the two housings 10 and 70 are held together in a fixed position by means of the latching arms 98 being cooperable with the latch members 50 shown in Figure 6, to form a locked and latched condition, as shown in Figure 10.
  • Figure 10 is a cross-sectional view through lines 10-10 of Figure 3
  • the latch arms 98 are shown in a latched condition such that the latching surfaces 102 of the latching arms 98 are latched behind the latch surface 54 of the latch members 50.
  • the forwardly facing latch surfaces 54 are accessible through the plug receiving opening of the first housing member 10. This allows the two housing members to be disassembled, if required, by placing members through the plug receiving opening to contact the inclined surfaces 100 of the latch arms 90 to bias the arms outwardly into an unlatched condition.
  • each of the versions of the modular plug coupler includes a latching member 60 which can latch the couplers to a profiled through hole in a panel for latchably retaining the coupler to the panel.
  • the latching structure for the two housing members 10 and 70 is within the periphery or the interior of the housing, making the outside profile of the coupler easily insertable through an aperture in a panel.
  • the right angle coupler is quite similar to the inline coupler including a first housing member 10, a second housing member 170, and a terminal subassembly 220.
  • the second housing member 170 includes similar comb members 186 thereby defining a plurality of vertically extending, laterally spaced grooves which extend inwardly to form a plurality of channels 190.
  • the terminal subassembly 220 is similar to the terminal subassembly 120 of the inline coupler in all respects except that the leg portion 230 extends only a short distance where it extends diagonally upward to form resilient contact portion 234.
  • the terminal subassembly 220 is insertable in through the rear face of the first housing member 10 with the web disposed within the pocket defined at the rear face of the first insulative housing member 10 and the second housing member 170 is insertable over the resilient contact portions 234 such that each resilient contact portion 234 is aligned with one of the vertically extending, laterally spaced grooves 188.
  • Each of the latching members 198 are insertable into the first housing member 10 and are latched in a similar manner as that of the inline coupler.
  • the web portions 140 and 240 not only encapsulate the terminals to affix the plurality of terminals into a fixed array, but also retain the terminals in a fixed position within the first and second housing members.
  • the webs which affix the wires in a fixed array may be formed via the process disclosed in US-A-4 817 283.
  • the adapters are easily adaptable one to the other and can incorporate the first housing member in each design.
  • the profile of the overall coupler is smaller than the profile of the embodiment shown in Figures 1-2.
  • the subject invention is also available for use with a keyed modular plug such that the key would be provided within the key slot 366.
  • the opening 376 for the modular plug is slightly left justified to allow for the key slot 366 which accounts for wall 374 being slightly thinner than wall 372.
  • An alternative housing 310 is used which is similar to the housing 10 shown in Figure 6 yet includes a somewhat different latching structure. Rather than the latches being totally recessed within the housing, the housing 310 incorporates two windows 360, 362 on either side to accommodate the shift in the opening 376. Said differently, as the opening is shifted to the left as shown in Figure 12, the the latch surface 354 moves too close to the inner side wall to easily mold. Thus by adding windows such as 360 and 362, the latching surfaces 354 on both sides can easily be molded.
  • Figure 12 also shows a somewhat different retention feature 368, 370.
  • the housing 310 includes lugs 370 on the sides in cooperation with the resilient latch 368 to allow the coupler to be panel mounted.
  • the latch surface 380 and the front surface 378 of the lugs 370 are spaced cooperatively to a thickness equal to a panel to which it mounts.

Landscapes

  • Connector Housings Or Holding Contact Members (AREA)
  • Details Of Connecting Devices For Male And Female Coupling (AREA)
  • Coupling Device And Connection With Printed Circuit (AREA)

Claims (8)

  1. Elektrischer Verbinder (2, 2'), der elektrisch zwei identische elektrische Stecker miteinander verbinden kann, wobei der Verbinder (2, 2') ein erstes isolierendes Gehäuseglied (10) aufweist, das eine vordere Verbindungsfläche (28) mit einer Steckeraufnahmeöffnung (12) darin sowie eine rückwärtige Fläche (26) aufweist, die seitlich ausgerichtete lotrechte Nuten (36) in der rückwärtigen Fläche (26) hat, die in Kanäle (34) übergehen, die sich von den Nuten (36) zu einer Stellung benachbart zu der vorderen Verbindungsfläche (28) erstrecken, und mit einem zweiten Gehäuseglied (70, 170), das eine vordere Verbindungsfläche (72) mit einer zweiten Steckeraufnahmeöffnung (76) darin aufweist, mit einer Montagefläche (96), die an der rückwärtigen Fläche (26) des ersten Gehäusegliedes (10) anliegt, und mit einer zweiten Vielzahl von seitlich ausgerichteten Nuten (88, 188), sowie mit einer Anschluß-Unteranordnung (120, 220), die eine Vielzahl von elektrisch leitfähigen Kontaktelementen aufweist, die einstückig innerhalb eines Steges (140, 240) aus isolierendem Material zwischen den Enden der Kontaktelemente gehalten sind,
    wobei die rückwärtige Fläche (26) des ersten Gehäusegliedes (10) eine Tasche (32) aufweist, die gegenüber der rückwärtigen Fläche (26) zurückgesetzt ist, und die Unteranordnung (120, 220) ist so geformt, daß der Steg (140, 240) ein kleineres Profil als die Tasche (32) zur Aufnahme innerhalb der zurückgesetzten Tasche (32) aufweist, wobei sich der Steg (140, 240) und Zwischenabschnitte (121, 122, 221, 222) der Kontaktelemente parallel zu der vorderen Verbindungsfläche (28) des ersten Gehäusegliedes (10) erstrecken, und wobei nachgiebige Kontaktabschnitte (128, 134, 228, 234) benachbart zu den entsprechenden Steckeraufnahmeöffnungen (12,76; 12, 176) zur Bildung eines elektrischen Kontaktes mit den Steckergliedern angeordnet sind.
  2. Verbinder nach Anspruch 1, bei dem erste, sich von einer Seitenkante des Steges (140, 240) erstreckende Zwischenabschnitte (121, 221) innerhalb der seitlich ausgerichteten Nuten (36) angeordnet und danach so geformt sind, daß sie Schenkelabschnitte (124) bilden, die sich nach vom zu der vorderen Verbindungsfläche (28) hin erstrecken, und die danach in entgegengesetzter Richtung umgebogen sind, um sich diagonal nach innen zu erstrecken, wodurch eine erste Vielzahl von Kontaktgliedern (128, 228) gebildet ist.
  3. Verbinder (2) nach Anspruch 1 oder 2, bei dem die vorderen Verbindungsflächen (28, 72) der beiden Gehäuseglieder (10, 70) parallel und zur Aufnahme der Stecker profiliert sind, wobei die Stecker in einer aufeinander zu weisenden Beziehung orientiert und relativ zueinander axial um 180° verdreht sind.
  4. Verbinder nach Anspruch 3, bei dem die Verbindungsfläche des zweiten Gehäusegliedes (70) eine vordere Fläche (72) ist.
  5. Verbinder nach Anspruch 2, 3 oder 4, bei dem zweite Zwischenabschnitte (122) sich in einer entgegengesetzten Richtung von den ersten Zwischenabschnitten (121) erstrecken, wobei die zweiten Zwischenabschnitte (122) einen Übergang zu zweiten Schenkelabschnitten (130) bilden, die innerhalb der zweiten Vielzahl von seitlich ausgerichteten Nuten (88) angeordnet und danach in entgegengesetzter Richtung umgebogen sind, um die zweite Vielzahl von Kontaktgliedern (134) zu bilden.
  6. Verbinder (2') nach Anspruch 1 oder 2, bei dem die vorderen Verbindungsflächen (28, 172) der beiden Gehäuseglieder (10, 170) relativ zueinander senkrecht und zur Aufnahme der Stecker profiliert sind, wenn die Stecker relativ zueinander unter einem rechten Winkel sind.
  7. Verbinder (2') nach Anspruch 6, bei dem die Verbindungsfläche des zweiten Gehäuseglieds eine Bodenfläche (172) ist.
  8. Verbinder nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, bei dem die Kanäle (34) in dem ersten Gehäuseglied (10) innerhalb einer oberen Wand angeordnet sind, die die obere Erstreckung der Steckeraufnahmeöffnung (12) bildet.
EP88310105A 1987-12-04 1988-10-27 Modularer Steckerverbinder Expired - Lifetime EP0319138B1 (de)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US12883587A 1987-12-04 1987-12-04
US128835 1987-12-04

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0319138A1 EP0319138A1 (de) 1989-06-07
EP0319138B1 true EP0319138B1 (de) 1993-08-11

Family

ID=22437210

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP88310105A Expired - Lifetime EP0319138B1 (de) 1987-12-04 1988-10-27 Modularer Steckerverbinder

Country Status (4)

Country Link
EP (1) EP0319138B1 (de)
JP (1) JP2654499B2 (de)
DE (1) DE3883175T2 (de)
ES (1) ES2042763T3 (de)

Families Citing this family (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CA2042489C (en) * 1990-06-27 1996-10-01 Mike Freeman Wiring distribution system and devices for building wiring
US5365658A (en) * 1990-06-27 1994-11-22 Digital Equipment Corporation Method for forming an electrical interconnection
NZ235693A (en) * 1990-10-15 1993-10-26 Harland Lloyd Mason Double socket adaptor with internal patch panel
FR2776426B1 (fr) * 1998-03-23 2000-05-26 Framatome Connectors Int Element de raccordement de deux fiches, elements male et femelle adaptes et dispositif de raccordement obtenu
DE102004016380B4 (de) 2004-04-02 2009-12-10 Siemens Ag Steckadapter
JP5498848B2 (ja) * 2010-05-14 2014-05-21 日本航空電子工業株式会社 コネクタ
CN102842799B (zh) * 2012-08-24 2015-04-08 华为终端有限公司 一种接口装置及电子设备
US9966716B2 (en) * 2015-09-08 2018-05-08 Apple Inc. Adapter

Family Cites Families (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4367908A (en) * 1980-06-05 1983-01-11 Akzona Incorporated Electrical connector coupling
US4379609A (en) * 1981-03-09 1983-04-12 Western Electric Company, Inc. Modular cord coupler jack having a disconnection encumbrance
US4593966A (en) * 1984-09-17 1986-06-10 Communications Systems, Inc. Modular telephone line coupler

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
DE3883175D1 (de) 1993-09-16
DE3883175T2 (de) 1994-01-20
JPH01186772A (ja) 1989-07-26
ES2042763T3 (es) 1993-12-16
EP0319138A1 (de) 1989-06-07
JP2654499B2 (ja) 1997-09-17

Similar Documents

Publication Publication Date Title
US4904209A (en) Modular plug coupler
US4448467A (en) Connector assembly having compact keying and latching system
US4449767A (en) Connector assembly having improved keying and latching system
US6669514B2 (en) High-density receptacle connector
US4806117A (en) Modular plug coupler
US5624274A (en) Telephone connector with contact protection block
US4990094A (en) Data distribution panel
EP0556307B1 (de) steckdose mit ansatz zur aufnahme von hinausragenden federkontakten
US5934942A (en) Shielded electrical connector assembly
KR890004498B1 (ko) 잭-플러그 조립체
US4894024A (en) Telecommunications wall outlets
US6773286B1 (en) Space-saving cable connector assembly with blind mate structure
JPS5915421Y2 (ja) 電気コネクタ−
FI90293C (fi) Liitäntälista kaapelijohdinta varten, erityisesti puhelinkaapelia varten
US4973262A (en) Conduct member for electrical conductors
GB2104735A (en) Electrical connector
US4817283A (en) Method of forming a modular plug coupler
US6210230B1 (en) Cable connector
US5061198A (en) Electrical connector system
GB2232827A (en) Electrical connector system for coaxial cable
US4883433A (en) Electrical connector for data distribution panel
EP0852825B1 (de) Kabelstauchkappe/zugentlastung für kommunikationsnetzdose
US4372634A (en) Tilt latch zero insertion force connector assembly
EP0319138B1 (de) Modularer Steckerverbinder
US5718604A (en) Patch cord connection system

Legal Events

Date Code Title Description
PUAI Public reference made under article 153(3) epc to a published international application that has entered the european phase

Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: 0009012

AK Designated contracting states

Kind code of ref document: A1

Designated state(s): DE ES FR GB IT NL

RAP1 Party data changed (applicant data changed or rights of an application transferred)

Owner name: AMP INCORPORATED

17P Request for examination filed

Effective date: 19891128

17Q First examination report despatched

Effective date: 19920617

RAP1 Party data changed (applicant data changed or rights of an application transferred)

Owner name: THE WHITAKER CORPORATION

GRAA (expected) grant

Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: 0009210

AK Designated contracting states

Kind code of ref document: B1

Designated state(s): DE ES FR GB IT NL

REF Corresponds to:

Ref document number: 3883175

Country of ref document: DE

Date of ref document: 19930916

ET Fr: translation filed
ITF It: translation for a ep patent filed

Owner name: PROROGA CONCESSA IN DATA: 24.12.93;GUZZI E RAVIZZA

REG Reference to a national code

Ref country code: ES

Ref legal event code: FG2A

Ref document number: 2042763

Country of ref document: ES

Kind code of ref document: T3

PLBE No opposition filed within time limit

Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: 0009261

STAA Information on the status of an ep patent application or granted ep patent

Free format text: STATUS: NO OPPOSITION FILED WITHIN TIME LIMIT

26N No opposition filed
PGFP Annual fee paid to national office [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: NL

Payment date: 19980914

Year of fee payment: 11

PGFP Annual fee paid to national office [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: ES

Payment date: 19981021

Year of fee payment: 11

PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: ES

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES

Effective date: 19991028

PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: NL

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES

Effective date: 20000501

NLV4 Nl: lapsed or anulled due to non-payment of the annual fee

Effective date: 20000501

REG Reference to a national code

Ref country code: GB

Ref legal event code: IF02

REG Reference to a national code

Ref country code: ES

Ref legal event code: FD2A

Effective date: 20001113

PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: IT

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES;WARNING: LAPSES OF ITALIAN PATENTS WITH EFFECTIVE DATE BEFORE 2007 MAY HAVE OCCURRED AT ANY TIME BEFORE 2007. THE CORRECT EFFECTIVE DATE MAY BE DIFFERENT FROM THE ONE RECORDED.

Effective date: 20051027

PGFP Annual fee paid to national office [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: FR

Payment date: 20071017

Year of fee payment: 20

Ref country code: GB

Payment date: 20071029

Year of fee payment: 20

PGFP Annual fee paid to national office [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: DE

Payment date: 20071221

Year of fee payment: 20

REG Reference to a national code

Ref country code: GB

Ref legal event code: PE20

Expiry date: 20081026

PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: GB

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF EXPIRATION OF PROTECTION

Effective date: 20081026