EP0317717A2 - Planar branch line coupler - Google Patents

Planar branch line coupler Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0317717A2
EP0317717A2 EP88114732A EP88114732A EP0317717A2 EP 0317717 A2 EP0317717 A2 EP 0317717A2 EP 88114732 A EP88114732 A EP 88114732A EP 88114732 A EP88114732 A EP 88114732A EP 0317717 A2 EP0317717 A2 EP 0317717A2
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
branching
line
characteristic impedance
planar
arms
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Granted
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EP88114732A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP0317717A3 (en
EP0317717B1 (en
Inventor
Haoappa Dr.-Ing. Ashoka
Abdel-Messiah Dr.-Ing. Khilla
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Bosch Telecom GmbH
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ANT Nachrichtentechnik GmbH
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01P—WAVEGUIDES; RESONATORS, LINES, OR OTHER DEVICES OF THE WAVEGUIDE TYPE
    • H01P5/00—Coupling devices of the waveguide type
    • H01P5/12—Coupling devices having more than two ports
    • H01P5/16—Conjugate devices, i.e. devices having at least one port decoupled from one other port
    • H01P5/19—Conjugate devices, i.e. devices having at least one port decoupled from one other port of the junction type
    • H01P5/22—Hybrid ring junctions
    • H01P5/227—90° branch line couplers

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a planar branching coupler, consisting of two connecting lines each extending between two gates and a plurality of branching arms coupling these connecting lines to one another, the branching arms and the individual ones between the branching lines being dimensioned in terms of their wave resistances and their phase-rotating effects so that desired ones Coupling conditions are met.
  • Such branching couplers realized in stripline technology with two or three branching arms are e.g. known from "Strip Lines" by H. Geschwinde and W. Krank, 1960, pp. 79-85. If the implementation of such a planar branching coupler for the branching arms or connecting lines requires relatively low wave resistances (e.g. 35.4 ⁇ ), conductor widths are required which are very large, especially for waves in the mm-wave range. For an operating frequency of e.g. 50 GHz would correspond to the conductor width of a line designed for 35.4 ⁇ on an aluminum oxide substrate with a thickness of 0.254 mm, about a quarter wavelength. A line that is extremely wide in relation to the transmitted wavelength has the disadvantage that undesired higher wave modes can spread on it.
  • the invention is based on the object of specifying a planar branching coupler of the type mentioned at the outset, which is designed in such a way that, particularly when operating in the mm-wave range, as far as possible no disturbing higher wave modes can occur on the lines.
  • the invention is based on the object of specifying a planar branching coupler of the type mentioned at the outset, which is designed in such a way that, in particular when operating in the mm-wave range, no disturbing higher wave modes can occur on the lines.
  • the figure shows a planar branching coupler, consisting of two connecting lines VL1 and VL2 extending between gates 1 and 2 and gates 3 and 4 and two branching arms VA1 and VA2 coupling the two connecting lines together.
  • the connecting lines VL1 and VL2 running between the branching points from which the branching arms VA1 and VA2 extend, and also the branching arms VA1 and VA3, are each dimensioned such that the waves propagating over them undergo a 90 ° phase rotation.
  • the lines of the branching arms VA1, VA2 for a characteristic impedance of approximately 50 ⁇ and the connecting lines VL1 and VL2 would have to be be designed for a characteristic impedance of around 35 ⁇ .
  • a 35 ⁇ cable for example on a 0.254 mm thick aluminum oxide substrate, would require a conductor width of 0.46 mm at an operating frequency of 50 GHz. This is a conductor width that corresponds to almost a quarter wavelength at the high frequency of 50 GHz. Lines that are extremely wide relative to the wavelength allow the propagation of disturbing higher wave modems. According to the branching coupler shown in the figure, this disadvantage is avoided by the following measures.
  • the branch arms VA1, VA2 and the connecting lines VL1 and VL2 extending between them each consist of a line VA11, VA21, VL11, VL21 and an open branch line VA12, VA22, VL12, VL22 branching off from the center of this line. All these lines and stub lines are designed for a wave resistance that requires such a narrow conductor width that the propagation of higher wave modes is almost impossible.
  • each of the lines VA11, VA21, VL11 and VL21 and each of the open stub lines VA12, VA22, VL12 and VL22 is dimensioned to a characteristic impedance of 70 ⁇ .
  • all conductors on a 0.254 mm thick aluminum oxide substrate have a width of only 0.1 mm.
  • the individual conductors In order to achieve certain couplings between the gates 1 to 4 of the branching coupler, the individual conductors must also be dimensioned with respect to their lengths to corresponding values.
  • the individual conductors are of such lengths that in the branch arms VA1 and VA2 the stub lines VA12 and VA22 have a 29.8 ° phase shift and the sections of the lines VA11 and VA21 outgoing to both sides of the stub lines each have a 41st , 5 ° phase shift and that in the connecting lines VL1 and VL2 the stub lines VL12 and VL22 cause a 53.8 ° phase shift and the outgoing sections of the stub lines VL11 and VL21 each cause a 25 ° phase shift.
  • the branching coupler can be tuned in a very simple manner, so that, for a desired operating frequency, the e.g. Signal power fed in at gate 1 is divided equally between gates 2 and 4.

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  • Cable Transmission Systems, Equalization Of Radio And Reduction Of Echo (AREA)
  • Waveguides (AREA)

Abstract

The propagation of interfering higher wave modes in planar branch line couplers, primarily when they are operated in the mm waveband, is largely avoided by those branch arms (VA1, VA2) and/or sections of the connecting lines (VL1, VL2) which are to be dimensioned to a low characteristic impedance consisting in each case of a line (VA11, VA21, VL11, VL21) with an open spur (VA12, VA22, VL12, VL22) branching therefrom, the two inherently having a greater characteristic impedance than the low characteristic impedance which is actually required for the relevant branch arm and/or connecting line section.

Description

Die vorliegende Erfindung betrifft einen planaren Verzweigungskoppler, bestehend aus zwei sich jeweils zwischen zwei Toren erstreckenden Verbindungsleitungen und mehreren diese Verbindungsleitungen miteinander koppelnden Verzweigungsarmen, wobei die Verzweigungsarme und die einzelnen sich zwischen den Verzweigungsleitungen bezgl. ihrer Wellenwiderstände und ihrer phasendrehenden Wirkungen so dimensioniert sind, daß gewünschte Koppelbedingungen erfüllt sind.The present invention relates to a planar branching coupler, consisting of two connecting lines each extending between two gates and a plurality of branching arms coupling these connecting lines to one another, the branching arms and the individual ones between the branching lines being dimensioned in terms of their wave resistances and their phase-rotating effects so that desired ones Coupling conditions are met.

Derartige in Streifenleitungstechnik realisierte Verzweigungskoppler mit zwei oder drei Verzweigungsarmen sind z.B. bekannt aus "Streifenleitungen" von H. Geschwinde und W. Krank, 1960, S. 79-85. Erfordert die Realisierung eines solchen planaren Verzweigungskopplers für die Verzweigungsarme oder Verbindungsleitungen relativ niedrige Wellenwiderstände (z.B. 35,4Ω), so sind Leiterbreiten verlangt, die vor allem für Wellen im mm-Wellenbereich sehr groß sind. Für eine Betriebsfrequenz von z.B. 50 GHz entspräche die Leiterbreite einer für 35,4 Ω ausgelegten Leitung auf einem Aluminiumoxidsubstrat der Dicke von 0,254 mm etwa einer Viertelwellenlänge. Eine relativ zu der übertragenen Wellenlänge so extrem breite Leitung hat den Nachteil, daß sich auf ihr unerwünschte höhere Wellenmoden ausbreiten können.Such branching couplers realized in stripline technology with two or three branching arms are e.g. known from "Strip Lines" by H. Geschwinde and W. Krank, 1960, pp. 79-85. If the implementation of such a planar branching coupler for the branching arms or connecting lines requires relatively low wave resistances (e.g. 35.4Ω), conductor widths are required which are very large, especially for waves in the mm-wave range. For an operating frequency of e.g. 50 GHz would correspond to the conductor width of a line designed for 35.4 Ω on an aluminum oxide substrate with a thickness of 0.254 mm, about a quarter wavelength. A line that is extremely wide in relation to the transmitted wavelength has the disadvantage that undesired higher wave modes can spread on it.

Der Erfindung liegt nun die Aufgabe zugrunde, einen planaren Verzweigungskoppler der eingangs genannten Art anzugeben, der so konzipiert ist, daß insbesondere bei Betrieb im mm-Wellenbereich möglichst keine störenden höheren Wellenmoden auf den Leitungen auftreten können.The invention is based on the object of specifying a planar branching coupler of the type mentioned at the outset, which is designed in such a way that, particularly when operating in the mm-wave range, as far as possible no disturbing higher wave modes can occur on the lines.

Der Erfindung liegt nun die Aufgabe zugrunde, einen planaren Verzweigungskoppler der eingangs genannten Art anzugeben, der so konzipiert ist, daß insbesondere bei Betrieb im mm-Wellenbereich möglichst keine störenden höheren Wellenmoden auf den Leitungen auftreten können.The invention is based on the object of specifying a planar branching coupler of the type mentioned at the outset, which is designed in such a way that, in particular when operating in the mm-wave range, no disturbing higher wave modes can occur on the lines.

Nach der Erfindung wird diese Aufgabe durch die Merkmale des Anspruch 1 gelöst. Zweckmäßige Ausführungen der Erfindung gehen aus den Unteransprüchen hervor.According to the invention, this object is achieved by the features of claim 1. Appropriate embodiments of the invention emerge from the subclaims.

Anhand eines in der Zeichnung dargestellten Ausführungsbeispiels wird nachfolgend die Erfindung näher erläutert.Based on an embodiment shown in the drawing, the invention is explained in more detail below.

Die Figur zeigt einen planaren Verzweigungskoppler, bestehend aus zwei sich zwischen den Toren 1 und 2 und den Toren 3 und 4 erstreckenden Verbindungsleitungen VL1 und VL2 und zwei die beiden Verbindungsleitungen miteinander koppelnden Verzweigungsarmen VA1 und VA2. Die zwischen den Verzweigungspunkten, von denen die Verzweigungsarme VA1 und VA2 ausgehen, verlaufenden Verbindungsleitungen VL1 und VL2 und auch die Verzweigungsarme VA1 und VA3 sind jeweils so dimensioniert, daß die sich darüber ausbreitenden Wellen eine 90°-Phasendrehung erfahren.The figure shows a planar branching coupler, consisting of two connecting lines VL1 and VL2 extending between gates 1 and 2 and gates 3 and 4 and two branching arms VA1 and VA2 coupling the two connecting lines together. The connecting lines VL1 and VL2 running between the branching points from which the branching arms VA1 and VA2 extend, and also the branching arms VA1 and VA3, are each dimensioned such that the waves propagating over them undergo a 90 ° phase rotation.

Liegt z.B. die mittlere Betriebsfrequenz des Verzweigungskopplers bei ca. 50 GHz, so müßten, wenn Verzweigungskoppler nach herkömmlicher Art ausschließlich mit λ/4 Leitungen realisiert würde, die Leitungen der Verzweigungsarme VA1, VA2 für einen Wellenwiderstand von etwa 50 Ω und die Verbindungsleitungen VL1 und VL2 für einen Wellenwiderstand von etwa 35 Ω ausgelegt werden. Eine z.B. auf einem 0,254 mm dicken Aluminiumoxidsubstrat aufgebrachte 35 Ω Leitung würde bei einer Betriebsfrequenz von 50 GHz eine Leiterbreite von 0,46 mm erfordern. Das ist eine Leiterbreite, die bei der hohen Frequenz von 50 GHz nahezu einer Viertelwellenlänge entspricht. So relativ zur Wellenlänge extrem breite Leitungen lassen die Ausbreitung störender höherer Wellenmodem zu. Dieser Nachteil wird gemäß dem in der Figur dargestellten Verzweigungskoppler durch folgende Maßnahmen umgangen.For example, if the average operating frequency of the branching coupler is approx. 50 GHz, then if branching couplers were to be implemented in the conventional manner exclusively with λ / 4 lines, the lines of the branching arms VA1, VA2 for a characteristic impedance of approximately 50 Ω and the connecting lines VL1 and VL2 would have to be be designed for a characteristic impedance of around 35 Ω. A 35 Ω cable, for example on a 0.254 mm thick aluminum oxide substrate, would require a conductor width of 0.46 mm at an operating frequency of 50 GHz. This is a conductor width that corresponds to almost a quarter wavelength at the high frequency of 50 GHz. Lines that are extremely wide relative to the wavelength allow the propagation of disturbing higher wave modems. According to the branching coupler shown in the figure, this disadvantage is avoided by the following measures.

Die Verzweigungsarme VA1, VA2 und die sich zwischen ihnen erstreckenden Verbindungsleitungen VL1 und VL2 bestehen jeweils aus einer Leitung VA11, VA21, VL11, VL21 und einer von der Mitte dieser leitung abzweigenden offenen Stichleitung VA12, VA22, VL12, VL22. Dabei sind alle diese Leitungen und Stichleitungen für einen Wellenwiderstand ausgelegt, der eine solch schmale Leiterbreite erfordert, daß die Ausbreitung höherer Wellenmoden nahezu unmöglich wird. Und zwar ist in dem konkreten Ausführungsbeispiel eines im Frequenzbereich von 50 GHz betriebenen Verzweigungskopplers jede der Leitungen VA11, VA21, VL11 und VL21 und jede der offenen Stichleitungen VA12, VA22, VL12 und VL22 auf einen Wellenwiderstand von 70Ω dimensioniert. In diesem Fall haben alle Leiter auf einem 0,254 mm dicken Aluminiumoxidsubstrat eine Breite von nur 0,1 mm.The branch arms VA1, VA2 and the connecting lines VL1 and VL2 extending between them each consist of a line VA11, VA21, VL11, VL21 and an open branch line VA12, VA22, VL12, VL22 branching off from the center of this line. All these lines and stub lines are designed for a wave resistance that requires such a narrow conductor width that the propagation of higher wave modes is almost impossible. In the specific exemplary embodiment of a branching coupler operated in the frequency range of 50 GHz, each of the lines VA11, VA21, VL11 and VL21 and each of the open stub lines VA12, VA22, VL12 and VL22 is dimensioned to a characteristic impedance of 70Ω. In this case, all conductors on a 0.254 mm thick aluminum oxide substrate have a width of only 0.1 mm.

Um bestimmte Kopplungen zwischen den Toren 1 bis 4 des Verzweigungskopplers zu erzielen, sind die einzelnen Leiter auch bzgl. ihrer Längen auf entsprechende Werte zu dimensionieren. So weisen in dem genannten konkreten Ausführungsbeispiel die einzelnen Leiter solche Längen auf, daß in den Verzweigungsarmen VA1 und VA2 die Stichleitungen VA12 und VA22 eine 29,8°-Phasenverschiebung und die zu beiden Seiten der Stichleitungen abgehenden Abschnitte der Leitungen VA11 und VA21 jeweils eine 41,5°-Phasenverschiebung bewirken und daß in den Verbindungsleitungen VL1 und VL2 die Stichleitungen VL12 und VL22 eine 53,8°-Phasenverschiebung und die zu beiden Seiten der Stichleitungen abgehenden Abschnitte der Leitungen VL11 und VL21 jeweils eine 25°-Phasenverschiebung bewirken.In order to achieve certain couplings between the gates 1 to 4 of the branching coupler, the individual conductors must also be dimensioned with respect to their lengths to corresponding values. Thus, in the specific exemplary embodiment mentioned, the individual conductors are of such lengths that in the branch arms VA1 and VA2 the stub lines VA12 and VA22 have a 29.8 ° phase shift and the sections of the lines VA11 and VA21 outgoing to both sides of the stub lines each have a 41st , 5 ° phase shift and that in the connecting lines VL1 and VL2 the stub lines VL12 and VL22 cause a 53.8 ° phase shift and the outgoing sections of the stub lines VL11 and VL21 each cause a 25 ° phase shift.

Durch Änderung der Länge der Stichleitungen VA12, VA22, VL12, VL22 läßt sich auf sehr einfache Weise eine Abstimmung des Verzweigungskopplers vornehmen, so daß bei einer gewünschten Betriebsfrequenz die z.B. am Tor 1 eingespeiste Signalleistung zu gleichen Anteilen auf die Tore 2 und 4 aufgeteilt wird.By changing the length of the stub lines VA12, VA22, VL12, VL22, the branching coupler can be tuned in a very simple manner, so that, for a desired operating frequency, the e.g. Signal power fed in at gate 1 is divided equally between gates 2 and 4.

Die hier im Rahmen eines zweiarmigen Verzweigungskopplers beschriebenen Maßnahmen lassen sich auch auf mehrarmige Verzweigungskoppler übertragen, wenn dort ebenfalls große Leiterbreiten zu umgehen sind.The measures described here in the context of a two-arm branch coupler can also be transferred to multi-arm branch couplers if large conductor widths are also to be avoided there.

Claims (4)

1. Planarer Verzweigungskoppler, bestehend aus zwei sich jeweils zwischen zwei Toren erstreckenden Verbindungsleitungen und mehreren diese Verbindungsleitungen miteinander koppelnden Verzweigungsarmen, wobei die Verzweigungsarme und die einzelnen sich zwischen den Verzweigungsarmen erstreckenden Abschnitte der Verbindungsleitungen bzgl. ihrer Wellenwiderstände und ihrer phasendrehenden Wirkungen so dimensioniert sind, daß gewünschte Koppelbedingungen erfüllt sind, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß diejenigen Verzweigungsarme (VA1, VA2) und/oder Abschnitte der Verbindungsleitungen (VL1, VL2), die auf einen niedrigen Wellenwiderstand zu dimensionieren sind, jeweils aus einer Leitung (VA11, VA21, VL11, VL21) mit einer davon abzweigenden offenen Stichleitung (VA12, VA22, VL12, VL22) bestehen, die beide für sich einen größeren Wellenwiderstand haben als der eigentlich für den betreffenden Verzweigungsarm und/oder Verbindungsleitungsabschnitt geforderte niedrige Wellenwiderstand.1.planar branching coupler, consisting of two connecting lines each extending between two gates and a plurality of branching arms coupling these connecting lines to one another, the branching arms and the individual sections of the connecting lines extending between the branching arms being dimensioned with respect to their wave resistances and their phase-rotating effects so that Desired coupling conditions are met, characterized in that those branch arms (VA1, VA2) and / or sections of the connecting lines (VL1, VL2) that are to be dimensioned for a low characteristic impedance each have one line (VA11, VA21, VL11, VL21) with an open branch line branching from it (VA12, VA22, VL12, VL22), both of which have a higher characteristic impedance than the low characteristic impedance actually required for the branch arm and / or connecting line section in question. 2. Planarer Verzweigungskoppler nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Stichleitung (VA12, VA22, VL12, VL22) von der Mitte der Leitung (VA11, VA21, VL11, VL21) abzweigt.2. Planar branching coupler according to claim 1, characterized in that the branch line (VA12, VA22, VL12, VL22) branches off from the center of the line (VA11, VA21, VL11, VL21). 3. Planarer Verzweigungskoppler nach Anspruch 1 oder 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Leitung (VA11, VA21, VL11, VL21) und die von ihr abzweigende Stichleitung (VA12, VA22, VL12, VL22) den gleichen Wellenwiderstand aufweisen.3. Planar junction coupler according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the line (VA11, VA21, VL11, VL21) and the branch line branching from it (VA12, VA22, VL12, VL22) have the same characteristic impedance. 4. Planarer Verzweigungskoppler nach einem der vorhergehenden Patentansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Stichleitungen (VA12, VA22, VL12, VL22) bzgl. ihrer Länge so dimensioniert sind, daß sich bei der jeweiligen Betriebsfrequenz die in den Verzweigungskoppler eingespeiste Signalleistung zu gleichen Anteilen auf zwei Ausgangstore aufteilt.4. Planar junction coupler according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the stub lines (VA12, VA22, VL12, VL22) are dimensioned with respect to their length so that the signal power fed into the junction coupler is divided equally into two at the respective operating frequency Splits exit gates.
EP19880114732 1987-11-26 1988-09-09 Planar branch line coupler Expired - Lifetime EP0317717B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE3740098 1987-11-26
DE19873740098 DE3740098C1 (en) 1987-11-26 1987-11-26 Planar junction coupler

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EP0317717A2 true EP0317717A2 (en) 1989-05-31
EP0317717A3 EP0317717A3 (en) 1990-06-13
EP0317717B1 EP0317717B1 (en) 1993-06-16

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Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
TWI650899B (en) * 2017-12-18 2019-02-11 國立勤益科技大學 Hybrid serial high frequency signal distribution circuit

Families Citing this family (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
TWI586028B (en) * 2015-04-10 2017-06-01 Nat Chin-Yi Univ Of Tech Hybrid branch coupler
TWI616023B (en) * 2017-03-30 2018-02-21 國立勤益科技大學 Fixed transmission line characteristic impedance value arbitrary output ratio branch coupler
US10644375B1 (en) * 2018-11-14 2020-05-05 Nanning Fugui Precision Industrial Co., Ltd. Branch-line coupler

Citations (2)

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE2728312A1 (en) * 1977-03-28 1978-10-05 Gordon Potter Riblet DIRECTIONAL COUPLER
JPS59182601A (en) * 1983-03-31 1984-10-17 Fujitsu Ltd Branching and combining device

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* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE2728312A1 (en) * 1977-03-28 1978-10-05 Gordon Potter Riblet DIRECTIONAL COUPLER
JPS59182601A (en) * 1983-03-31 1984-10-17 Fujitsu Ltd Branching and combining device

Non-Patent Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Title
ELECTRONICS LETTERS, Band 17, Nr. 2, 22. Januar 1981, Seiten 87-89; M. CUHACI et al.: "High frequency microstrip branch-line coupler design with T-junction discontinuity compensation" *
IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON MICROWAVE THEORY AND TECHNIQUES, Band MTT-31, Nr. 8, August 1983, Seiten 674-678; M. MURAGUCHI et al.: "Optimum design of 3-dB branch-line couplers using microstrip lines" *
PATENT ABSTRACTS OF JAPAN, Band 9, Nr. 43 (E-298)[1766], 22. Februar 1985; & JP-A-59 182 601 (FUJITSU K.K.) 17-10-1984 *
PROCEEDINGS OF THE NAT. ELECTR. CONFERENCE, Band 24, 1. Dezember 1968, Seiten 314-317; C.P. HARTWIG et al.: "Microstrip technology" *

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
TWI650899B (en) * 2017-12-18 2019-02-11 國立勤益科技大學 Hybrid serial high frequency signal distribution circuit

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EP0317717A3 (en) 1990-06-13
EP0317717B1 (en) 1993-06-16
DE3740098C1 (en) 1989-02-02

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