EP0316691B1 - Device for checking the closed state of a closing element - Google Patents

Device for checking the closed state of a closing element Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0316691B1
EP0316691B1 EP88118476A EP88118476A EP0316691B1 EP 0316691 B1 EP0316691 B1 EP 0316691B1 EP 88118476 A EP88118476 A EP 88118476A EP 88118476 A EP88118476 A EP 88118476A EP 0316691 B1 EP0316691 B1 EP 0316691B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
closure member
circuit
inductive element
inductive
coupled
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
EP88118476A
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German (de)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP0316691A1 (en
Inventor
Jürgen Dr.-Ing. Meins
Lutz Dr.-Ing. Baur
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
ThyssenKrupp Technologies AG
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Thyssen Industrie AG
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
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Priority to AT88118476T priority Critical patent/ATE86708T1/en
Publication of EP0316691A1 publication Critical patent/EP0316691A1/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0316691B1 publication Critical patent/EP0316691B1/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • EFIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E05LOCKS; KEYS; WINDOW OR DOOR FITTINGS; SAFES
    • E05FDEVICES FOR MOVING WINGS INTO OPEN OR CLOSED POSITION; CHECKS FOR WINGS; WING FITTINGS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR, CONCERNED WITH THE FUNCTIONING OF THE WING
    • E05F15/00Power-operated mechanisms for wings
    • E05F15/40Safety devices, e.g. detection of obstructions or end positions
    • EFIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E05LOCKS; KEYS; WINDOW OR DOOR FITTINGS; SAFES
    • E05FDEVICES FOR MOVING WINGS INTO OPEN OR CLOSED POSITION; CHECKS FOR WINGS; WING FITTINGS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR, CONCERNED WITH THE FUNCTIONING OF THE WING
    • E05F15/00Power-operated mechanisms for wings
    • E05F15/40Safety devices, e.g. detection of obstructions or end positions
    • E05F15/42Detection using safety edges
    • E05F15/44Detection using safety edges responsive to changes in electrical conductivity
    • EFIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E05LOCKS; KEYS; WINDOW OR DOOR FITTINGS; SAFES
    • E05FDEVICES FOR MOVING WINGS INTO OPEN OR CLOSED POSITION; CHECKS FOR WINGS; WING FITTINGS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR, CONCERNED WITH THE FUNCTIONING OF THE WING
    • E05F15/00Power-operated mechanisms for wings
    • E05F15/60Power-operated mechanisms for wings using electrical actuators
    • E05F15/603Power-operated mechanisms for wings using electrical actuators using rotary electromotors
    • EFIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E05LOCKS; KEYS; WINDOW OR DOOR FITTINGS; SAFES
    • E05FDEVICES FOR MOVING WINGS INTO OPEN OR CLOSED POSITION; CHECKS FOR WINGS; WING FITTINGS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR, CONCERNED WITH THE FUNCTIONING OF THE WING
    • E05F15/00Power-operated mechanisms for wings
    • E05F15/60Power-operated mechanisms for wings using electrical actuators
    • E05F15/603Power-operated mechanisms for wings using electrical actuators using rotary electromotors
    • E05F15/632Power-operated mechanisms for wings using electrical actuators using rotary electromotors for horizontally-sliding wings
    • E05F15/655Power-operated mechanisms for wings using electrical actuators using rotary electromotors for horizontally-sliding wings specially adapted for vehicle wings
    • EFIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E05LOCKS; KEYS; WINDOW OR DOOR FITTINGS; SAFES
    • E05YINDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASSES E05D AND E05F, RELATING TO CONSTRUCTION ELEMENTS, ELECTRIC CONTROL, POWER SUPPLY, POWER SIGNAL OR TRANSMISSION, USER INTERFACES, MOUNTING OR COUPLING, DETAILS, ACCESSORIES, AUXILIARY OPERATIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR, APPLICATION THEREOF
    • E05Y2400/00Electronic control; Electrical power; Power supply; Power or signal transmission; User interfaces
    • E05Y2400/10Electronic control
    • E05Y2400/32Position control, detection or monitoring
    • E05Y2400/35Position control, detection or monitoring related to specific positions
    • E05Y2400/354End positions
    • EFIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E05LOCKS; KEYS; WINDOW OR DOOR FITTINGS; SAFES
    • E05YINDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASSES E05D AND E05F, RELATING TO CONSTRUCTION ELEMENTS, ELECTRIC CONTROL, POWER SUPPLY, POWER SIGNAL OR TRANSMISSION, USER INTERFACES, MOUNTING OR COUPLING, DETAILS, ACCESSORIES, AUXILIARY OPERATIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR, APPLICATION THEREOF
    • E05Y2400/00Electronic control; Electrical power; Power supply; Power or signal transmission; User interfaces
    • E05Y2400/10Electronic control
    • E05Y2400/50Fault detection
    • E05Y2400/51Fault detection of position, of back drive
    • EFIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E05LOCKS; KEYS; WINDOW OR DOOR FITTINGS; SAFES
    • E05YINDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASSES E05D AND E05F, RELATING TO CONSTRUCTION ELEMENTS, ELECTRIC CONTROL, POWER SUPPLY, POWER SIGNAL OR TRANSMISSION, USER INTERFACES, MOUNTING OR COUPLING, DETAILS, ACCESSORIES, AUXILIARY OPERATIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR, APPLICATION THEREOF
    • E05Y2400/00Electronic control; Electrical power; Power supply; Power or signal transmission; User interfaces
    • E05Y2400/65Power or signal transmission
    • E05Y2400/66Wireless transmission
    • EFIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E05LOCKS; KEYS; WINDOW OR DOOR FITTINGS; SAFES
    • E05YINDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASSES E05D AND E05F, RELATING TO CONSTRUCTION ELEMENTS, ELECTRIC CONTROL, POWER SUPPLY, POWER SIGNAL OR TRANSMISSION, USER INTERFACES, MOUNTING OR COUPLING, DETAILS, ACCESSORIES, AUXILIARY OPERATIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR, APPLICATION THEREOF
    • E05Y2800/00Details, accessories and auxiliary operations not otherwise provided for
    • EFIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E05LOCKS; KEYS; WINDOW OR DOOR FITTINGS; SAFES
    • E05YINDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASSES E05D AND E05F, RELATING TO CONSTRUCTION ELEMENTS, ELECTRIC CONTROL, POWER SUPPLY, POWER SIGNAL OR TRANSMISSION, USER INTERFACES, MOUNTING OR COUPLING, DETAILS, ACCESSORIES, AUXILIARY OPERATIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR, APPLICATION THEREOF
    • E05Y2900/00Application of doors, windows, wings or fittings thereof
    • E05Y2900/50Application of doors, windows, wings or fittings thereof for vehicles
    • E05Y2900/51Application of doors, windows, wings or fittings thereof for vehicles for railway cars or mass transit vehicles

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a device of the type defined in the preamble of claim 1.
  • Devices of this type are mainly used in vehicles, e.g. in trams or subways, for monitoring the closing status of door leaves, which can be remotely controlled from a central location, e.g. must be operated from a driver's cabin.
  • these are single-leaf sliding doors or two sliding doors that can be moved against each other, which can be moved back and forth with electric, pneumatic or other drives in a frame of the passenger cells surrounding the door openings.
  • it can also be other doors such as folding sliding doors or doors with pivoting wings and other locking devices such as windows, flaps, slides or the like.
  • the closing states of the closure member which are to be displayed are in particular the states "open” or “closed” and the ability to close. This is understood to mean that a closure member can be closed or has the state “free” if it can be moved into its closed position under the influence of the drive. On the other hand, a closure member cannot be closed or is "blocked” if any obstacle, e.g. a passenger, a suitcase or the like, which blocks the opening to be closed and therefore the closure member cannot be completely closed even by actuating its drive.
  • a so-called readiness signal is intended to indicate whether a given door leaf can already be closed or whether it is still in the "blocked” state or whether it is already closed or is still open.
  • This ready signal which is characteristic of a preselected or expected closing state (for example "free” or “closed") of the closure member, may of course only be supplied to a driver's cabin, an automatic control system or the like if the closure member is actually free, because in this way the Closure of the closure member is released, or is actually already closed, because this signals the readiness for departure of a train or the like.
  • the object of the invention is to further develop the device of the type described at the outset in such a way that different types of closing states can also be monitored with comparable means and defects in the system, e.g. Power failures, line interruptions, short circuits or the like always lead to the display of an uncritical state, namely "open” and / or "blocked"
  • the invention has the advantage that it is possible, for example, to monitor a plurality of closed states, for example “open / closed” or “free / blocked”, by means which have a similar effect and can be used in combination.
  • the device according to the invention is therefore particularly suitable for surveillance in confined structural conditions, such as those prevailing in the installation of sliding doors in vehicles. Mechanical wear and undesirable changes in the position of switches or the like are therefore not possible, so that high operational reliability is achieved even with a low maintenance frequency.
  • the signals "closed” and “open” or “blocked” and “free” can be generated with a single second circuit which, when the signal “blocked” simultaneously excludes the creation of the signal "closed”, so that even when Pinching very small obstacles between the closure member and the frame can not occur both signals at the same time.
  • the device according to the invention can easily be designed such that defects in the system, for example power failures, line interruptions, short circuits or the like, always lead to the display of the status "open” and / or "blocked”. This has the advantage, above all when the device is used on vehicles, that readiness for departure cannot be erroneously signaled in the event of defects in the system.
  • Fig. 1 shows schematically a closure member 1, for example a sliding door leaf, which can be moved back and forth between its open position (Fig. 1) and its closed position almost reached in Fig. 2 in the direction of an arrow v .
  • the closure member 1 is slidably supported in a manner not shown in a frame delimiting an opening 2.
  • This frame contains, for example, a frame part 3 parallel to the sliding direction and a frame part 4 perpendicular thereto, which contains an edge 5 on its inside, against which a stop edge 6, parallel to it, of the closure member 1 abuts when the latter is in the closed position.
  • the stop edge 6 is, for example, part of a collar 7 facing the edge 5 and expediently extending over the entire height of the closure member 1 and made of an elastically flexible material.
  • the cuff 7 is furthermore preferably formed continuously as a hollow body and is provided in its inner cavity with a plurality of switches 8 spaced parallel to the stop edge 6.
  • These switches 8 consist, for example, of pushbuttons or pushbuttons with movable contacts 8a, 8b, 8c, etc., which are normally held in their open position by a spring or the like and face the stop edge 6.
  • the closure member 1 At its upper end in FIG. 1, the closure member 1 has a strip 10 which is arranged parallel to the frame part 3 and is closely opposed to it.
  • the strip 10 is moved back and forth together with the closure member 1, expediently extends over its entire width and can be covered with a covering.
  • an inductive element 12 which acts as a transmitter and consists, for example, of a conductor loop (FIG. 1) with a section parallel to the direction of displacement or a corresponding coil (FIG. 5) with a plurality of windings and, according to FIG. 5, into a circuit 13 is connected, which preferably consists of the element 12 and an oscillator 14 connected to its ends, which, for example generates a 100 kHz AC voltage.
  • a high-frequency alternating electromagnetic field arises in the inductive element 12.
  • a second inductive element 15, which expediently extends over its entire width, is fixedly attached to the strip 10, which can also consist of a conductor loop (FIG. 1) and a section parallel to the direction of displacement or a corresponding coil (FIG. 5) with several windings and together with a capacitor 16 connected in series forms a further electrical circuit 17 designed as an oscillating circuit.
  • the two inductive elements 12 and 15 are spatially arranged on the frame part 3 or on the bar 10 without physical contact so that said sections are independent of the respective position of the closure member 1, ie both in its open and closed position and in all possible intermediate positions are inductively coupled to one another, as indicated schematically in FIG. 1 by a closed line 18.
  • the length of the section of the inductive element 15 corresponds at least to the length of the possible movement stroke of the closure member 1, while the corresponding section of the element 12 has a comparatively short length and in each position of the closure member 1 an equally large section of the element 15 should be coupled.
  • Switching on the oscillator 14 thus results in the contactless induction of an alternating current in the inductive element 15.
  • the capacitance of the capacitor 16 is preferably such that this alternating current is a given the circumstances Is maximum, ie the reactive component of the alternating current resistance of the inductive element 15 by which the capacitor 16 is currently being compensated.
  • the circuit 17 also contains two separate lines 19 and 20 which are connected to the two connections of the capacitor 16 and laid in the closure member 1.
  • the line 19 is connected to one side in each case, while the line 20 is connected to the other side of the switch 8.
  • either the two lines 19, 20 connected to the capacitor 16 are interrupted, as shown in FIG. 1, provided that all the switches 8 are in their open position, or the capacitor 16 is bridged or short-circuited, as shown in FIG. 2, provided that at least one switch 8 is closed. This occurs, for example, when an obstacle 21 schematically indicated in FIG. 2 is in the opening 2 when the closure member 1 is closed and this is clamped between the edge 5 and the stop edge 6, so that the closure member 1 may not be fully closed can, but at least one gap 22 of the opening 2 remains free.
  • the capacitor 16 is bridged by closing at least one of the switches 8, the capacitive part of the reactive component of the AC resistance of the circuit 17 is omitted in this case, as a result of which the AC current, which was originally large when the oscillator 14 was switched on, is reduced to a comparatively small value.
  • a further inductive element 24 acting as a receiver is fixedly attached to the frame part 3 and, like the element 12, can consist of a conductor loop (FIG. 1) with a section parallel to the displacement device or a corresponding coil with several windings and 6 in another, provided outside the closure member 1 electrical circuit 25.
  • the elements 15 and 24 are spatially on the bar 10 and on without physical contact Frame part 3 fixes that its named sections are inductively coupled to each other regardless of the respective position of the closure member 1, ie both in its open and closed position and in all possible intermediate positions, as indicated schematically in FIG. 1 by a closed line 26. So that the coupling factor is as the same as possible in all positions, the same applies to the spatial assignment of the elements 15, 24 as to the spatial assignment of the elements 12 and 15.
  • the closure member is in every position Contactlessly induced a current flow in the element 24, the size of which depends on the size of the alternating current flowing in the circuit 17 and thus on whether all switches 8 are open or at least one switch 8 is closed.
  • the elements 12 and 24 should be spatially attached to the frame part 3 so that their direct inductive coupling is as small as possible.
  • the circuit 25 contains two lines 27 and 28 connected to the ends of the element 24, each of which is connected to the two ends of a relay 31 via a diode 29, 30.
  • the output of a further diode 32, the input of which is connected to the output of the diode 30, is also connected to the output of the diode 29, while the input of the diode 29 is connected to the output of a fourth diode 33, the input of which is connected to the input of the diode 30 is connected so that the four diodes 29, 30 and 32, 33 form a bridge rectifier in the usual Graetz circuit for the alternating current induced in the circuit 25.
  • Parallel to element 24 is a capacitor 34, which forms a parallel resonant circuit with element 24, and parallel to relay 31, a further capacitor 35 is provided, which acts as a smoothing capacitor for the alternating current rectified by the bridge rectifier.
  • the relay 31 also acts on the movable contact of a switch 36, which is normally open.
  • This switch 36 is together with another switch 37 in a circuit, not shown 38 switched, which turns on or off a drive 39, also not shown, for automatically opening or closing the closure member 1.
  • the switch 37 is intended to represent the switch that is actuated when the command “open” and / or “close” is to be given for the closure member.
  • the mode of operation of the device shown in FIGS. 1, 2, 5 and 6 is as follows: When the operating state is switched on, that is to say in particular when the oscillator 14 is switched on (FIG. 5), a voltage of a preselected magnitude is induced in the element 15 via the inductive element 12 and regardless of the position of the closure member 1. The result of this is that an alternating voltage of a preselected size is also induced in the element 24, which is independent of the position of the closure member 1.
  • This AC voltage is dimensioned such that the relay closes the switch 36, which is normally kept open by a spring or the like.
  • the circuit 38 is prepared so that the drive 39 can be set in motion by actuating the switch 37.
  • the circuit 25 thus emits a signal corresponding to the "free" state.
  • the closure member 1 is now moved into the open or closed position until a limit switch to be described responds. However, if there is an obstacle (for example 21 in FIG. 2) in the opening 2 during a closing movement, then at least one of the switches 8 which are normally in the open position is closed by this, whereby the capacitor 16 of the circuit 17 is bridged. This has the consequence that the current in the circuit 17 is considerably reduced and is therefore no longer sufficient to induce a sufficient voltage in the inductive element 24 to respond to the relay 31. As a result, the switch 36 opens, whereby the circuit 38 is interrupted and the drive 39 is stopped. The closure member 1 therefore comes to a standstill, as soon as an obstacle is clamped between the closure member 1 and the edge 5.
  • a limit switch to be described responds.
  • the responsiveness depends, inter alia, on the elastic properties of the sleeve 7, the closing force of the switches 8, the force exerted by the drive 39 on the closure member 1 and the pressure exerted on the sleeve 7 by the obstacle 21.
  • the arrangement is expediently such that the surface pressure exerted overall on the cuff 7 in the closed position is not sufficient to put the switching device 9 in its state indicating an obstacle.
  • FIGS. 3 and 4 show a device similar in principle to the device according to FIGS. 1 and 2, the same parts being designated with the same reference numerals.
  • a circuit 42 attached to the closure member 1 contains, in addition to the inductive element 15 fastened to the strip 10 and the capacitor 16, a further inductive element 43, which consists of a conductor loop or a coil with several windings, is connected in series with the element 15 and how this is moved back and forth with the closure member 1.
  • the element 43 forms with the element 15 and the capacitor 16 a resonant circuit, in which the capacitor 16 in turn serves to keep the reactive component of the AC resistance small or to compensate so that when the oscillator 14 (FIG. 5) is switched on, a high alternating current in Circuit 42 flows.
  • the element 43 is preferably arranged spatially so that it has as far as possible no direct inductive coupling with the two elements 12 and 15, for which purpose its axis is shown perpendicular to the axes of the elements 12, 15.
  • the element 24 (FIGS. 1 and 2) also takes the place of an inductive element 44 which acts as a receiver and is arranged on the frame part 3.
  • the relative arrangement of the inductive elements 43 and 44 is such that there is practically only a strong inductive coupling between them when the closure member 1 is in the closed position shown in FIG. 4 located.
  • the inductive element 44 is connected to a circuit 45 which is arranged outside the closure element 1 and has two lines 46 and 47 which are connected to the ends of the element 44 and which are connected to the two connections of a relay 48.
  • the circuit 45 like the circuit 25 (FIG. 6), contains the four diodes 29, 30 and 32, 33 which form a bridge rectifier and the two capacitors 34 and 35.
  • the relay 48 acts on one normally by means of a spring or the like open switch 49, which is in series with a schematically indicated battery 50 and an indicator lamp 51.
  • the mode of operation of the device shown in FIGS. 3, 4, 5 and 7 is as follows: When the operating state is switched on, that is to say in particular when the oscillator 14 is switched on (FIG. 5), a current of a preselected size is induced in the circuit 42 via the element 12 and regardless of the position of the closure member 1. This current also flows through the element 43, but is ineffective as long as the closure member is in the open position or in a partially closed position, because in these positions there is insufficient inductive coupling between the elements 43 and 44. As a result, the AC voltage induced in the circuit 45 is very small or zero in these positions, so that the current flowing through the relay 48 is not sufficient to close the switch 49.
  • the stop edge of the closure member 1 is in contact with the edge 5 of the frame part 4 after the closure member 1 has been closed, then there is a large inductive coupling between the elements 43 and 44 which is defined by their mutual spatial position and which causes the relay 48 to respond in element 44. As a result, the switch 49 is closed and the indicator lamp 51 lights up, causing the closing of the closure member 1 signals. In this case the circuit 45 emits a signal which is characteristic of the “closed” state.
  • the element 44 could be replaced by an element attached to the frame part 4, which in the closed position is sufficiently inductively coupled to an inductive element which corresponds to the element 43 and is attached to the right end of the strip 10.
  • the arrangement shown is particularly useful, however, when the closure member 1 is the one wing of a two-wing vehicle door or the like, the two wings of which are moved towards one another to close the door and abut with their longitudinal edges when closed.
  • the two devices for monitoring the closed state of the closure member 1, which are shown separately in FIGS. 1, 2 and 6 on the one hand and in FIGS. 3, 4 and 7 on the other hand, can also be combined in a simple manner by, for example, the circuit 17 according to FIG 1 and 2 with a further inductive element corresponding to the inductive element 43 according to FIGS. 3 and 4 and correspondingly two circuits according to FIGS. 6 and 7 are used.
  • the mode of operation is then correspondingly with the additional advantage that when one of the switches 8 (FIGS. 1, 2) responds, the switch 49 (FIG. 7) is never actuated and the signal "closed" can thereby be erroneously given, even if the pinched object 21 (FIG.
  • the circuit 42 according to FIGS. 3, 4 and 7 could be replaced by a circuit 53 which only comprises the element 15 and the capacitor 16 in series connection and in which two further inductive elements 54 and 55 are provided, which are connected in series with a further capacitor 56.
  • the one inductive element 54 would be continuously coupled to the inductive element 15, while the other inductive element 55 takes over the function of the element 43 according to FIG. 7.
  • the current required to indicate the closed state of the closure member 1 is also coupled in a contactless manner from the inductive element 12 into the circuit attached to the closure member 1, and is transmitted from there to another circuit depending on the state to be displayed.
  • FIGS. 1 to 8 All of the exemplary embodiments described with reference to FIGS. 1 to 8 have in common that they have a first circuit 25 or 45 at a location outside the closure member 1 for emitting a signal which is characteristic of the closed state, this first circuit having at least one first inductive element 24 or 44 has. Furthermore, a second circuit 17, 42 or 53 with at least one second inductive element 15, 43, 54, 55 is attached to the closure member 1, which is in at least one position (FIGS. 3, 4 and 8) or in all positions of the closure member 1 (FIGS. 1 and 2) is inductively coupled to the first element in order thereby to generate the signal in the first circuit which is characteristic of the closed state without contact.
  • a third circuit 13 with a third inductive element 12 is preferably provided at a location outside the closure member, which serves to contactlessly couple the electrical energy required for the status display into the second circuit.
  • a third circuit 13 with a third inductive element 12 is preferably provided at a location outside the closure member, which serves to contactlessly couple the electrical energy required for the status display into the second circuit.
  • the switches 8 can be any capacitive, piezoelectric or similar switching elements or light barriers or the like, which can assume at least two states and are normally in one state when an obstacle is trapped between them Locking element 1 and the frame part 4 (or a second locking element), on the other hand, are converted into the respective other state, in order to thereby generate a current which deviates from the normal case in the second circuit. Furthermore, it is possible to design the inductive elements shown schematically as coils as single or multiple large-area conductor loops, which can also be geometrically designed in the form of an “8”.
  • FIG. 9 A practical embodiment of the invention is shown in FIG. 9 in connection with a schematically indicated passenger compartment 58 of a tram, iron or subway car.
  • the door leaf 60 is provided on its stop side with an elastically compressible sleeve 62 which has an inner cavity 63 over its entire height.
  • a switching device 64 is arranged, which consists of two bare, elastically bendable contact strips made of an electrically conductive material, which preferably also extend over the entire height of the door leaf 60 and with their one ends each with the two connections of a capacitor 65 are connected while their other ends are exposed.
  • the contact strips are nowhere in contact with one another so that the capacitor 65 acts as a capacitive element of a preselected size.
  • the sleeve 62 yields elastically at this point, as a result of which the contact strips are elastically bent and brought into mutual contact, as in FIG. 9 by a broken line 67 is indicated, so that the capacitor 65 is bridged.
  • the two contact strips thus have the same effect as a large number of individual switches 8 arranged close to one another in the sense of FIGS. 1 and 2.
  • the capacitor 65 is connected to a circuit 68, which is mounted on a strip 69 fastened to the door leaf 60, and connected to the two ends of an inductive element 70, which consists of a conductor loop with two parallel, substantially congruent and in Rectangular turns or the like consists of an electrically conductive wire.
  • An inductive element 70 which consists of a conductor loop with two parallel, substantially congruent and in Rectangular turns or the like consists of an electrically conductive wire.
  • Two further inductive elements 71 and 72 each consist of a ferrite core 73 and 74 in the form of a slotted ring, on which a number of turns 75 and 76 of an electrically conductive wire or the like is wound.
  • the ferrite cores 73 and 74 surround a section of the element 70 which runs parallel to the direction of displacement of the door leaf 60, this section being arranged essentially perpendicular to the central planes of the ferrite cores 73, 74 and running approximately through their central axes.
  • the ends of the turn 75 are connected, for example, to the lines 27, 28 of FIG. 6 and the ends of the turns 76, for example, to the oscillator 14 according to FIG. 5.
  • the oscillator 14 When the oscillator 14 is switched on, the element 72 therefore generates an alternating electromagnetic field which induces an alternating current in the section surrounding it and thus in the entire element 70.
  • a further inductive element 77 is arranged at the left end of the element 70 and within it, which acts like element 43 in FIG. 7 or element 54 in FIG. 8.
  • the element 77 consists of a two-wire conductor loop shaped in the manner of a flat figure eight (8), the sections of which are essentially rectilinear and the center plane of which essentially coincides with the center plane of the element 70. 10 and 11 show, in which the elements 71 and 72 are omitted to simplify the illustration, the element 77 is in the operating state, for example, on the side indicated by a closed line 78 over that magnetic field from which the current flowing through the element 70 is generated, inductively coupled to element 70, so that a current also flows in element 77.
  • the reactive component of its AC resistance can be compensated for by means of a capacitor 79.
  • the current in element 77 results in the magnetic field shown schematically in FIG. 11 for half a period, which is strongest on both sides of the middle part of the eight-shaped conductor loop, because current flows through four adjacent conductor pieces in parallel , while there are only two conductor sections on each side.
  • these four conductor pieces are partially covered by an inductive element 80, the structure of which results primarily from FIG. 11, while in FIG. 11 the conductors of the element 70 and 77 are shown in the usual section.
  • the magnetic field generated by element 77 is sensed by inductive element 80, which corresponds to element 44 according to FIGS. 3 and 4 in the form of a U-shaped ferrite core 81, on which a coil 82 is wound.
  • the Element 80 is fastened to the frame 59, while the element 77, like the element 70, is attached to the strip 69 in such a way that, when the door leaf 60 is closed, it assumes exactly the symmetrical central position shown in FIG. 11, just below the element 80, in which the two pole faces of the ferrite core 81 are substantially parallel to the central plane of the element 77 and are aligned precisely with the two branches of the 8-shaped conductor loop, so that the ferrite core 81 is flooded to the maximum.
  • the invention is not limited to the exemplary embodiments described, which can be modified in many ways.
  • the arrangement and design of the various inductive elements and circuits can be adapted to the specific application and can therefore be modified in comparison to FIGS. 1 to 11.
  • the inductive element 24 can be placed in a circuit which, on the one hand, supplies electrical energy for the circuit 17 and, on the other hand, acts on an actuator according to the energy output, which depends on the position of the switches 8, and thereby the respective state makes the switching device 9 or the closure member recognizable.
  • element 12 could therefore be missing.

Landscapes

  • Power-Operated Mechanisms For Wings (AREA)
  • Burglar Alarm Systems (AREA)
  • Lock And Its Accessories (AREA)
  • Time Recorders, Dirve Recorders, Access Control (AREA)
  • Near-Field Transmission Systems (AREA)

Abstract

The invention relates to a system for monitoring the closing of a door or other such barrier, such as a sliding door of a vehicle. This system has a circuit outside of the door which serves to emit a signal indicating the open or closed state of the door. In the production of this signal, the need for any electromechanical limit switches or indicating devices mounted on the door and coupled galvanically with the circuit is avoided by providing, in accordance with the invention, a circuit that is mounted on the door. Both circuits have at least one inductive element. The inductive elements are coupled only inductively with one another, but are not in physical contact with one another, so that the production of the signal indicating the open or closed state of the door can be performed contactlessly.

Description

Die Erfindung betrifft eine Einrichtung der im Oberbegriff des Anspruchs 1 definierten Gattung.The invention relates to a device of the type defined in the preamble of claim 1.

Einrichtungen dieser Art werden vor allem in Fahrzeugen, z.B. in Straßen- oder Untergrundbahnen, zur Überwachung des Schließzustands von Türflügeln benötigt, die durch Fernsteuerung von einer zentralen Stelle wie z.B. einer Fahrerkabine aus betätigt werden müssen. Meistens handelt es sich dabei um einflügelige oder um zwei gegeneinander bewegbare Flügel aufweisende Schiebetüren, die in je einem die Türöffnungen umgebenden Rahmen der Fahrgastzellen mit elektrischen, pneumatischen oder anderen Antrieben hin- und herbewegt werden können. Allerdings kann es sich auch um andere Türen wie Faltschiebetüren oder Türen mit schwenkbaren Flügeln und um andere Verschlußorgane wie Fenster, Klappen, Schieber od. dgl. handeln.Devices of this type are mainly used in vehicles, e.g. in trams or subways, for monitoring the closing status of door leaves, which can be remotely controlled from a central location, e.g. must be operated from a driver's cabin. Most of the time, these are single-leaf sliding doors or two sliding doors that can be moved against each other, which can be moved back and forth with electric, pneumatic or other drives in a frame of the passenger cells surrounding the door openings. However, it can also be other doors such as folding sliding doors or doors with pivoting wings and other locking devices such as windows, flaps, slides or the like.

Bei den Schließzuständen des Verschlußorgans, die angezeigt werden sollen, handelt es sich insbesondere um die Zustände "offen" bzw. "geschlossen" und um die Schließfähigkeit. Darunter wird verstanden, daß ein Verschlußorgan schließfähig ist bzw. den Zustand "frei" besitzt, wenn es sich unter dem Einfluß des Antriebs bis in seine Schließstellung bewegen läßt. Dagegen ist ein Verschlußorgan nicht schließfähig bzw. im Zustand "blockiert", wenn irgendein Hindernis, z.B. ein Fahrgast, ein Koffer od. dgl., die zu verschließende Öffnung versperrt und das Verschlußorgan daher auch durch Betätigung seines Antriebs nicht vollends geschlossen werden kann. Dabei soll ein sog. Bereitschaftssignal erkennen lassen, ob ein gegebener Türflügel bereits geschlossen werden kann oder noch den Zustand "blockiert" besitzt bzw. schon geschlossen oder noch offen ist. Dieses für einen vorgewählten bzw. erwarteten Schließzustand (z.B. "frei" bzw. "geschlossen") des Verschlußorgans charakteristische Bereitschaftssignal darf natürlich nur dann einer Fahrerkabine, einer automatischen Steuerung od. dgl. zugeführt werden, wenn das Verschlußorgan tatsächlich frei ist, weil hierdurch die Schließung des Verschlußorgans freigegeben wird, bzw. tatsächlich bereits geschlossen ist, weil hierdurch die Abfahrbereitschaft eines Zuges od. dgl. signalisiert wird.The closing states of the closure member which are to be displayed are in particular the states "open" or "closed" and the ability to close. This is understood to mean that a closure member can be closed or has the state "free" if it can be moved into its closed position under the influence of the drive. On the other hand, a closure member cannot be closed or is "blocked" if any obstacle, e.g. a passenger, a suitcase or the like, which blocks the opening to be closed and therefore the closure member cannot be completely closed even by actuating its drive. A so-called readiness signal is intended to indicate whether a given door leaf can already be closed or whether it is still in the "blocked" state or whether it is already closed or is still open. This ready signal, which is characteristic of a preselected or expected closing state (for example "free" or "closed") of the closure member, may of course only be supplied to a driver's cabin, an automatic control system or the like if the closure member is actually free, because in this way the Closure of the closure member is released, or is actually already closed, because this signals the readiness for departure of a train or the like.

Zur Überwachung der Schließzustände "frei" bzw. "blockiert" ist eine Einrichtung der eingangs bezeichneten Gattung bekannt (DE-A-30 08 597), bei welcher der zweite Stromkreis im wesentlichen aus dem eine induktive Leiterschleife bildenden Zugmittelgetriebe für das Verschlußorgan besteht. Das Zugmittelgetriebe ist dabei als Sekundärwicklung eines Transformators ausgebildet, dessen Primärwicklung die Spule eines induktiven Näherungsschalters ist. Obwohl diese bekannte Einrichtung den wesentlichen Vorteil mit sich bringt, daß die für den Schließzustand des Verschlußorgans charakteristischen Signale ohne Anwendung von Schleppkabeln od. dgl., d.h. berührungslos vom Verschlußorgan auf den ersten Stromkreis übertragen werden können, ist sie auch mit einem nicht unbeachtlichen Nachteil behaftet. Dieser besteht darin, daß bei einem solchen Defekt des Zugmittelgetriebes, daß kein Strom mehr durch die Leiterschleife fließen kann, stets der Zustand "frei" vorgetäuscht wird, selbst wenn das Verschlußorgan tatsächlich blockiert ist. Ein solcher, durch ein Verschleißteil herbeigeführter, Unsicherheitsfaktor ist nicht immer annehmbar. Abgesehen davon kann die bekannte Einrichtung nicht ohne weiteres mit einer weiteren Einrichtung zur Überwachung eines anderen Schließzustands, z.B. "offen" bzw. "geschlossen" kombiniert werden.To monitor the closed states "free" or "blocked", a device of the type described at the outset is known (DE-A-30 08 597), in which the second circuit essentially consists of the traction mechanism gear for the closure member which forms an inductive conductor loop. The traction mechanism is a secondary winding Transformer formed, the primary winding is the coil of an inductive proximity switch. Although this known device has the essential advantage that the signals characteristic of the closing state of the closure member can be transmitted without the use of trailing cables or the like, ie without contact, from the closure member to the first circuit, it is also not without an insignificant disadvantage . This consists in the fact that in the event of such a defect in the traction mechanism transmission that no more current can flow through the conductor loop, the "free" state is always simulated, even if the closure member is actually blocked. Such an uncertainty factor caused by a wearing part is not always acceptable. Apart from this, the known device cannot easily be combined with another device for monitoring another closed state, for example "open" or "closed".

Zur Überwachung des Schließzustands "offen/geschlossen" wäre es denkbar, herkömmliche, beispielsweise bei Förderaufzügen bekannte Näherungsschalter einzusetzen (DE-C-464 023). Derartige Näherungsschalter eignen sich nicht ohne weiteres auch zur Anzeige anderer Schließzustände wie z.B. "frei/blockiert", so daß bisher zur Anzeige unterschiedlicher Arten von Schließzuständen entsprechend unterschiedliche Arten von Überwachungseinrichtungen benötigt werden.To monitor the closed state "open / closed", it would be conceivable to use conventional proximity switches, for example known in conveyor elevators (DE-C-464 023). Proximity switches of this type are not readily suitable for displaying other closing states, e.g. "free / blocked", so that different types of monitoring devices have been required to display different types of closing states.

Demgegenüber liegt der Erfindung die Aufgabe zugrunde, die Einrichtung der eingangs bezeichneten Gattung dahingehend weiterzuentwickeln, daß mit vergleichbaren Mitteln auch unterschiedliche Arten von Schließzuständen überwacht werden können und Mängel im System, z.B. Stromausfälle, Leitungsunterbrechungen, Kurzschlüsse od. dgl., stets zur Anzeige eines unkritischen Zustandes, nämlich "offen" und/oder "blockiert" führenIn contrast, the object of the invention is to further develop the device of the type described at the outset in such a way that different types of closing states can also be monitored with comparable means and defects in the system, e.g. Power failures, line interruptions, short circuits or the like always lead to the display of an uncritical state, namely "open" and / or "blocked"

Zur Lösung dieser Aufgabe dienen die kennzeichnenden Merkmale des Anspruchs 1.The characterizing features of claim 1 serve to achieve this object.

Die Erfindung bringt den Vorteil mit sich, daß beispielsweise eine Überwachung mehrerer Schließzustände, z.B. "offen/geschlossen" oder "frei/blockiert", mit ähnlich wirkenden und kombiniert anwendbaren Mitteln möglich ist. Die erfindungsgemäße Einrichtung ist daher insbesondere für Überwachungen bei beengten baulichen Verhältnissen geeignet, wie sie z.B. bei der Montage von Schiebetüren in Fahrzeugen herrschen. Mechanische Abnutzungen und unerwünschte Lageänderungen von Schaltern od. dgl. sind daher nicht möglich, so daß auch bei geringer Wartungshäufigkeit eine hohe Betriebssicherheit erzielt wird. Die Signale "geschlossen" und "offen" bzw. "blockiert" und "frei" können dabei mit einem einzigen zweiten Stromkreis erzeugt werden, der beim Auftreten des Signals "blockiert" gleichzeitig die Entstehung des Signals "geschlossen" ausschließt, so daß auch beim Einklemmen sehr kleiner Hindernisse zwischen dem Verschlußorgan und dem Rahmen nicht beide Signale gleichzeitig auftreten können. Schließlich läßt sich die erfindungsgemäße Einrichtung leicht so ausbilden, daß Mängel im System, z.B. Stromausfälle, Leitungsunterbrechungen, Kurzschlüsse od. dgl., stets zur Anzeige des Zustands "offen" und/oder "blockiert" führen. Dies hat vor allem bei der Anwendung der Einrichtung an Fahrzeugen den Vorteil, daß bei Mängeln im System nicht irrtümlich eine Abfahrbereitschaft signalisiert werden kann.The invention has the advantage that it is possible, for example, to monitor a plurality of closed states, for example “open / closed” or “free / blocked”, by means which have a similar effect and can be used in combination. The device according to the invention is therefore particularly suitable for surveillance in confined structural conditions, such as those prevailing in the installation of sliding doors in vehicles. Mechanical wear and undesirable changes in the position of switches or the like are therefore not possible, so that high operational reliability is achieved even with a low maintenance frequency. The signals "closed" and "open" or "blocked" and "free" can be generated with a single second circuit which, when the signal "blocked" simultaneously excludes the creation of the signal "closed", so that even when Pinching very small obstacles between the closure member and the frame can not occur both signals at the same time. In the end The device according to the invention can easily be designed such that defects in the system, for example power failures, line interruptions, short circuits or the like, always lead to the display of the status "open" and / or "blocked". This has the advantage, above all when the device is used on vehicles, that readiness for departure cannot be erroneously signaled in the event of defects in the system.

Weitere vorteilhafte Merkmale der Erfindung ergeben sich aus den Unteransprüchen.Further advantageous features of the invention emerge from the subclaims.

Die Erfindung wird nachfolgend in Verbindung mit der beiliegenden Zeichnung an Ausführungsbeispielen näher erläutert. Es zeigen:

  • Fig. 1 und 2 schematisch eine erfindungsgemäße Einrichtung zur Überwachung desjenigen Zustands eines Verschlußorgans, der durch ein Hindernis in der zu verschließenden Öffnung gekennzeichnet ist, im geöffneten bzw. durch ein Hindernis blockierten Zustand des Verschlußorgans;
  • Fig. 3 und 4 schematisch eine erfindungsgemäße Einrichtung zur Überwachung des geschlossenen Zustands eines Verschlußorgans in dessen geöffneter bzw. vollständig geschlossener Stellung;
  • Fig. 5 bis 7 schematisch elektrische Stromkreise für die Einrichtungen nach Fig. 1 bis 4;
  • Fig. 8 schematisch eine alternative Ausführungsform des zweiten Stromkreises der Einrichtung nach Fig. 3 und 4;
  • Fig. 9 schematisch die Anwendung der erfindungsgemäßen Einrichtung auf eine Fahrzeugtür; und
  • Fig. 10 und 11 in einer vergrößerten Vorderansicht und Draufsicht Einzelheiten von drei induktiven Elementen der Einrichtung nach Fig. 9.
The invention is explained in more detail below in connection with the accompanying drawing using exemplary embodiments. Show it:
  • Figures 1 and 2 schematically an inventive device for monitoring that state of a closure member, which is characterized by an obstacle in the opening to be closed, in the open or blocked by an obstacle state of the closure member.
  • 3 and 4 schematically a device according to the invention for monitoring the closed state of a closure member in its open or fully closed position;
  • Fig. 5 to 7 schematically electrical circuits for the devices of Fig. 1 to 4;
  • 8 schematically shows an alternative embodiment of the second circuit of the device according to FIGS. 3 and 4;
  • 9 schematically shows the application of the device according to the invention to a vehicle door; and
  • 10 and 11 in an enlarged front view and plan view details of three inductive elements of the device according to Fig. 9.

Fig. 1 zeigt schematisch ein Verschlußorgan 1, z.B. einen Schiebetürflügel, der zwischen seiner Offenstellung (Fig. 1) und seiner in Fig. 2 nahezu erreichten Schließstellung in Richtung eines Pfeils v hin- und herbewegt werden kann. Das Verschlußorgan 1 ist dabei in nicht näher dargestellter Weise in einem eine Öffnung 2 begrenzenden Rahmen od. dgl. verschiebbar gelagert. Dieser Rahmen enthält z.B. ein zur Schieberichtung paralleles Rahmenteil 3 sowie ein dazu senkrechtes Rahmenteil 4, das an seiner Innenseite einen Rand 5 enthält, an dem eine dazu parallele Anschlagkante 6 des Verschlußorgans 1 anliegt, wenn sich dieses in der Schließstellung befindet. Die Anschlagkante 6 ist z.B. Bestandteil einer dem Rand 5 zugewandten und zweckmäßig über die gesamte Höhe des Verschlußorgans 1 erstreckten Manschette 7 aus einem elastisch nachgiebigen Material. Die Manschette 7 ist weiterhin vorzugsweise durchgehend als Hohlkörper ausgebildet und in ihrem inneren Hohlraum mit einer Vielzahl von parallel zur Anschlagkante 6 beabstandeten Schaltern 8 versehen. Diese Schalter 8 bestehen beispielsweise aus Tast- oder Druckschaltern mit beweglichen Kontakten 8a,8b,8c usw., die normalerweise durch eine Feder od. dgl. in ihrer Offenstellung gehalten und der Anschlagkante 6 zugewandt sind. Wird dagegen im Bereich irgendeines der Schalter 8 ein lokaler Druck auf die Anschlagkante 8 ausgeübt und dadurch die Manschette 7 eingedrückt, dann schließt wenigstens einer der beweglichen Kontakte 8a,b,c den zugehörigen Schalter 8. Alle Schalter 8 zusammen bilden eine Schalteinrichtung 9.Fig. 1 shows schematically a closure member 1, for example a sliding door leaf, which can be moved back and forth between its open position (Fig. 1) and its closed position almost reached in Fig. 2 in the direction of an arrow v . The closure member 1 is slidably supported in a manner not shown in a frame delimiting an opening 2. This frame contains, for example, a frame part 3 parallel to the sliding direction and a frame part 4 perpendicular thereto, which contains an edge 5 on its inside, against which a stop edge 6, parallel to it, of the closure member 1 abuts when the latter is in the closed position. The stop edge 6 is, for example, part of a collar 7 facing the edge 5 and expediently extending over the entire height of the closure member 1 and made of an elastically flexible material. The cuff 7 is furthermore preferably formed continuously as a hollow body and is provided in its inner cavity with a plurality of switches 8 spaced parallel to the stop edge 6. These switches 8 consist, for example, of pushbuttons or pushbuttons with movable contacts 8a, 8b, 8c, etc., which are normally held in their open position by a spring or the like and face the stop edge 6. If, on the other hand, a local pressure is exerted on the stop edge 8 in the area of any of the switches 8 and the cuff 7 is thereby pressed in, then at least one of the movable contacts 8a, b, c closes the associated switch 8. All switches 8 together form a switching device 9.

An seinem in Fig. 1 oberen Ende weist das Verschlußorgan 1 eine Leiste 10 auf, die parallel zum Rahmenteil 3 angeordnet ist und diesem dicht gegenübersteht. Die Leiste 10 wird zusammen mit dem Verschlußorgan 1 hin- und herbewegt, erstreckt sich zweckmäßig über deren gesamte Breite und kann mit einer Verkleidung abgedeckt sein.At its upper end in FIG. 1, the closure member 1 has a strip 10 which is arranged parallel to the frame part 3 and is closely opposed to it. The strip 10 is moved back and forth together with the closure member 1, expediently extends over its entire width and can be covered with a covering.

Am Rahmenteil 3 ist ein als Sender wirksames induktives Element 12 angebracht, das beispielsweise aus einer Leiterschleife (Fig. 1) mit einem zur Verschieberichtung parallelen Abschnitt oder einer entsprechenden Spule (Fig. 5) mit mehreren Wicklungen besteht und gemäß Fig. 5 in einen Stromkreis 13 geschaltet ist, der vorzugsweise aus dem Element 12 und einem mit dessen Enden verbundenen Oszillator 14 besteht, der z.B. eine 100 kHz-Wechselspannung erzeugt. Beim Einschalten des Oszillators 14 entsteht im induktiven Element 12 ein hochfrequentes elektromagnetisches Wechselfeld.Attached to the frame part 3 is an inductive element 12 which acts as a transmitter and consists, for example, of a conductor loop (FIG. 1) with a section parallel to the direction of displacement or a corresponding coil (FIG. 5) with a plurality of windings and, according to FIG. 5, into a circuit 13 is connected, which preferably consists of the element 12 and an oscillator 14 connected to its ends, which, for example generates a 100 kHz AC voltage. When the oscillator 14 is switched on, a high-frequency alternating electromagnetic field arises in the inductive element 12.

An der Leiste 10 ist ein zweckmäßig über ihre ganze Breite erstrecktes zweites induktives Element 15 fest angebracht, das ebenfalls aus einer Leiterschleife (Fig. 1) und einem zur Verschieberichtung parallelen Abschnitt oder einer entsprechenden Spule (Fig. 5) mit mehreren Wicklungen bestehen kann und zusammen mit einem in Serie geschalteten Kondensator 16 einen weiteren, als Schwingkreis ausgebildeten elektrischen Stromkreis 17 bildet. Die beiden induktiven Elemente 12 und 15 sind dabei ohne gegenseitige körperliche Berührung räumlich so am Rahmenteil 3 bzw. an der Leiste 10 angeordnet, daß die genannten Abschnitte unabhängig von der jeweiligen Stellung des Verschlußorgans 1, d.h. sowohl in dessen Offen- und Schließstellung als auch in allen möglichen Zwischenstellungen, induktiv miteinander gekoppelt sind, wie in Fig. 1 schematisch durch eine geschlossene Linie 18 angedeutet ist. Damit dabei der Kopplungsfaktor möglichst in allen Stellungen derselbe ist, entspricht die Länge des Abschnitts des induktiven Elements 15 wenigstens der Länge des möglichen Bewegungshubs des Verschlußorgans 1, während der entsprechende Abschnitt des Elements 12 eine vergleichsweise geringe Länge aufweisen und in jeder Stellung des Verschlußorgans 1 mit einem gleichgroßen Teilstück des Elements 15 gekoppelt sein sollte. Ein Einschalten des Oszillators 14 (Fig. 5) hat somit die berührungslose Induktion eines Wechselstroms im induktiven Element 15 zur Folge. Dabei ist die Kapazität des Kondensators 16 vorzugsweise so bemessen, daß dieser Wechselstrom unter den gegebenen Umständen ein Maximum ist, d.h. die Blindkomponente des Wechselstromwiderstands des induktiven Elements 15 von der des Kondensators 16 gerade kompensiert wird.A second inductive element 15, which expediently extends over its entire width, is fixedly attached to the strip 10, which can also consist of a conductor loop (FIG. 1) and a section parallel to the direction of displacement or a corresponding coil (FIG. 5) with several windings and together with a capacitor 16 connected in series forms a further electrical circuit 17 designed as an oscillating circuit. The two inductive elements 12 and 15 are spatially arranged on the frame part 3 or on the bar 10 without physical contact so that said sections are independent of the respective position of the closure member 1, ie both in its open and closed position and in all possible intermediate positions are inductively coupled to one another, as indicated schematically in FIG. 1 by a closed line 18. So that the coupling factor is the same in all positions, the length of the section of the inductive element 15 corresponds at least to the length of the possible movement stroke of the closure member 1, while the corresponding section of the element 12 has a comparatively short length and in each position of the closure member 1 an equally large section of the element 15 should be coupled. Switching on the oscillator 14 (FIG. 5) thus results in the contactless induction of an alternating current in the inductive element 15. The capacitance of the capacitor 16 is preferably such that this alternating current is a given the circumstances Is maximum, ie the reactive component of the alternating current resistance of the inductive element 15 by which the capacitor 16 is currently being compensated.

Der Stromkreis 17 enthält ferner zwei voneinander getrennte Leitungen 19 und 20, die mit den beiden Anschlüssen des Kondensators 16 verbunden und im Verschlußorgan 1 verlegt sind. Dabei ist die Leitung 19 mit jeweils einer Seite, die Leitung 20 dagegen mit der jeweils anderen Seite der Schalter 8 verbunden. Dies hat zur Folge, daß entweder entsprechend Fig. 1 die beiden mit dem Kondensator 16 verbundenen Leitungen 19,20 unterbrochen sind, sofern sich alle Schalter 8 in ihrer Offenstellung befinden, oder entsprechend Fig. 2 der Kondensator 16 überbrückt bzw. kurzgeschlossen ist, sofern wenigstens ein Schalter 8 geschlossen ist. Dieser Fall tritt beispielsweise ein, wenn sich beim Schließen des Verschlußorgans 1 ein in Fig. 2 schematisch angedeutetes Hindernis 21 in der Öffnung 2 befindet und dieses zwischen dem Rand 5 und der Anschlagkante 6 eingeklemmt wird, so daß das Verschlußorgan 1 möglicherweise nicht vollends geschlossen werden kann, sondern zumindest ein Spalt 22 der Öffnung 2 frei bleibt. Da durch das Schließen wenigstens einer der Schalter 8 der Kondensator 16 überbrückt wird, entfällt in diesem Fall der kapazitive Teil der Blindkomponente des Wechselstromwiderstandes des Stromkreises 17, wodurch der bei eingeschaltetem Oszillator 14 ursprünglich große Wechselstrom auf einen vergleichsweise kleinen Wert reduziert wird.The circuit 17 also contains two separate lines 19 and 20 which are connected to the two connections of the capacitor 16 and laid in the closure member 1. The line 19 is connected to one side in each case, while the line 20 is connected to the other side of the switch 8. As a result, either the two lines 19, 20 connected to the capacitor 16 are interrupted, as shown in FIG. 1, provided that all the switches 8 are in their open position, or the capacitor 16 is bridged or short-circuited, as shown in FIG. 2, provided that at least one switch 8 is closed. This occurs, for example, when an obstacle 21 schematically indicated in FIG. 2 is in the opening 2 when the closure member 1 is closed and this is clamped between the edge 5 and the stop edge 6, so that the closure member 1 may not be fully closed can, but at least one gap 22 of the opening 2 remains free. Since the capacitor 16 is bridged by closing at least one of the switches 8, the capacitive part of the reactive component of the AC resistance of the circuit 17 is omitted in this case, as a result of which the AC current, which was originally large when the oscillator 14 was switched on, is reduced to a comparatively small value.

Gemäß Fig. 1 und 2 ist am Rahmenteil 3 ein als Empfänger wirkendes weiteres induktives Element 24 fest angebracht, das wie das Element 12 aus einer Leiterschleife (Fig. 1) mit einem zur Verschiebevorrichtung parallelen Abschnitt oder einer entsprechenden Spule mit mehreren Wicklungen bestehen kann und gemäß Fig. 6 in einen weiteren, außerhalb des Verschlußorgans 1 vorgesehenen elektrischen Stromkreis 25 geschaltet ist. Die Elemente 15 bzw. 24 sind dabei ohne gegenseitige körperliche Berührung räumlich so an der Leiste 10 bzw. am Rahmenteil 3 fixiert, daß ihre genannten Abschnitte unabhängig von der jeweiligen Stellung des Verschlußorgans 1, d.h. sowohl in dessen Offen- und Schließstellung als auch in allen möglichen Zwischenstellungen induktiv miteinander gekoppelt sind, wie in Fig. 1 schematisch durch eine geschlossene Linie 26 angedeutet ist. Damit der Kopplungsfaktor in allen Stellungen möglichst derselbe ist, gilt für die räumliche Zuordnung der Elemente 15,24 im wesentlichen dasselbe wie für die räumliche Zuordnung der Elemente 12 und 15. Dadurch wird bei eingeschaltetem Oszillator 14 (Fig. 5) in jeder Stellung des Verschlußorgans berührungslos ein Stromfluß in dem Element 24 induziert, dessen Größe von der Größe des im Stromkreis 17 fließenden Wechselstroms und damit davon abhängt, ob sämtliche Schalter 8 geöffnet oder wenigstens ein Schalter 8 geschlossen ist. Im übrigen sollten die Elemente 12 und 24 räumlich so am Rahmenteil 3 angebracht sein, daß ihre unmittelbare induktive Kopplung möglichst klein ist.1 and 2, a further inductive element 24 acting as a receiver is fixedly attached to the frame part 3 and, like the element 12, can consist of a conductor loop (FIG. 1) with a section parallel to the displacement device or a corresponding coil with several windings and 6 in another, provided outside the closure member 1 electrical circuit 25. The elements 15 and 24 are spatially on the bar 10 and on without physical contact Frame part 3 fixes that its named sections are inductively coupled to each other regardless of the respective position of the closure member 1, ie both in its open and closed position and in all possible intermediate positions, as indicated schematically in FIG. 1 by a closed line 26. So that the coupling factor is as the same as possible in all positions, the same applies to the spatial assignment of the elements 15, 24 as to the spatial assignment of the elements 12 and 15. As a result, when the oscillator 14 (FIG. 5) is switched on, the closure member is in every position Contactlessly induced a current flow in the element 24, the size of which depends on the size of the alternating current flowing in the circuit 17 and thus on whether all switches 8 are open or at least one switch 8 is closed. In addition, the elements 12 and 24 should be spatially attached to the frame part 3 so that their direct inductive coupling is as small as possible.

Gemäß Fig. 6 enthält der Stromkreis 25 zwei mit den Enden des Elements 24 verbundene Leitungen 27 und 28, die über je eine Diode 29,30 an die beiden Enden eines Relais 31 angeschlossen sind. Dabei ist außerdem mit dem Ausgang der Diode 29 der Ausgang einer weiteren Diode 32 verbunden, deren Eingang mit dem Ausgang der Diode 30 verbunden ist, während der Eingang der Diode 29 am Ausgang einer vierten Diode 33 liegt, deren Eingang an den Eingang der Diode 30 angeschlossen ist, so daß die vier Dioden 29,30 und 32,33 einen Brückengleichrichter in der üblichen Graetzschaltung für den in den Stromkreis 25 induzierten Wechselstrom bilden. Parallel zum Element 24 liegt ein Kondensator 34, der mit dem Element 24 einen Parallelschwingkreis bildet, und parallel zum Relais 31 ist ein weiterer Kondensator 35 vorgesehen, der als Glättungskondensator für den vom Brückengleichrichter gleichgerichtete Wechselstrom wirkt. Das Relais 31 wirkt im übrigen auf den beweglichen Kontakt eines Schalters 36 ein, der normalerweise geöffnet ist. Dieser Schalter 36 ist zusammen mit einem weiteren Schalter 37 in einen nicht näher dargestellten Stromkreis 38 geschaltet, der einen ebenfalls nicht näher dargestellten Antrieb 39 zum automatischen Öffnen bzw. Schließen des Verschlußorgans 1 ein- bzw. ausschaltet. Der Schalter 37 soll dabei denjenigen Schalter darstellen, der betätigt wird, wenn der Befehl "Öffnen" und/oder "Schließen" für das Verschlußorgan gegeben werden soll.6, the circuit 25 contains two lines 27 and 28 connected to the ends of the element 24, each of which is connected to the two ends of a relay 31 via a diode 29, 30. The output of a further diode 32, the input of which is connected to the output of the diode 30, is also connected to the output of the diode 29, while the input of the diode 29 is connected to the output of a fourth diode 33, the input of which is connected to the input of the diode 30 is connected so that the four diodes 29, 30 and 32, 33 form a bridge rectifier in the usual Graetz circuit for the alternating current induced in the circuit 25. Parallel to element 24 is a capacitor 34, which forms a parallel resonant circuit with element 24, and parallel to relay 31, a further capacitor 35 is provided, which acts as a smoothing capacitor for the alternating current rectified by the bridge rectifier. The relay 31 also acts on the movable contact of a switch 36, which is normally open. This switch 36 is together with another switch 37 in a circuit, not shown 38 switched, which turns on or off a drive 39, also not shown, for automatically opening or closing the closure member 1. The switch 37 is intended to represent the switch that is actuated when the command “open” and / or “close” is to be given for the closure member.

Die Wirkungsweise der aus Fig. 1,2,5 und 6 ersichtlichen Einrichtung ist wie folgt:
Bei eingeschaltetem Betriebszustand, d.h. insbesondere bei eingeschaltetem Oszillator 14 (Fig. 5), wird über das induktive Element 12 und unabhängig von der Stellung des Verschlußorgans 1 eine Spannung vorgewählter Größe im Element 15 induziert. Dies hat zur Folge, daß auch im Element 24 eine Wechselspannung vorgewählter Größe induziert wird, die unabhängig von der Stellung des Verschlußorgans 1 ist. Diese Wechselspannung wird so bemessen, daß das Relais den normalerweise durch eine Feder od. dgl. offen gehaltenen Schalter 36 schließt. Hierdurch ist der Stromkreis 38 vorbereitet, so daß durch Betätigung des Schalters 37 der Antrieb 39 in Bewegung gesetzt werden kann. Der Stromkreis 25 gibt somit ein Signal entsprechend dem Zustand "frei" ab.
The mode of operation of the device shown in FIGS. 1, 2, 5 and 6 is as follows:
When the operating state is switched on, that is to say in particular when the oscillator 14 is switched on (FIG. 5), a voltage of a preselected magnitude is induced in the element 15 via the inductive element 12 and regardless of the position of the closure member 1. The result of this is that an alternating voltage of a preselected size is also induced in the element 24, which is independent of the position of the closure member 1. This AC voltage is dimensioned such that the relay closes the switch 36, which is normally kept open by a spring or the like. As a result, the circuit 38 is prepared so that the drive 39 can be set in motion by actuating the switch 37. The circuit 25 thus emits a signal corresponding to the "free" state.

Das Verschlußorgan 1 wird nun in die Offen- oder Schließstellung verschoben, bis ein noch zu beschreibender Endschalter anspricht. Befindet sich jedoch während einer Schließbewegung ein Hindernis (z.B. 21 in Fig. 2) in der Öffnung 2, dann wird durch dieses wenigstens einer der normalerweise in Offenstellung befindlichen Schalter 8 geschlossen, wodurch der Kondensator 16 des Stromkreises 17 überbrückt wird. Dies hat zur Folge, daß der Strom im Stromkreis 17 erheblich reduziert wird und daher nicht mehr ausreicht, um in dem induktiven Element 24 eine zum Ansprechen des Relais 31 ausreichende Spannung zu induzieren. Infolgedessen öffnet der Schalter 36, wodurch der Stromkreis 38 unterbrochen und der Antrieb 39 stillgesetzt wird. Das Verschlußorgan 1 kommt daher zum Stillstand, sobald ein Hindernis zwischen dem Verschlußorgan 1 und dem Rand 5 eingeklemmt ist. Die Ansprechempfindlichkeit hängt dabei u.a. von den elastischen Eigenschaften der Manschette 7, der Schließkraft der Schalter 8, der vom Antrieb 39 auf das Verschlußorgan 1 ausgeübten Kraft und dem Druck ab, der vom Hindernis 21 auf die Manschette 7 ausgeübt wird. Dabei ist die Anordnung zweckmäßig so getroffen, daß der in der Schließstellung insgesamt auf die Manschette 7 ausgeübte Flächendruck nicht ausreicht, um die Schalteinrichtung 9 in ihren ein Hindernis anzeigenden Zustand zu versetzen.The closure member 1 is now moved into the open or closed position until a limit switch to be described responds. However, if there is an obstacle (for example 21 in FIG. 2) in the opening 2 during a closing movement, then at least one of the switches 8 which are normally in the open position is closed by this, whereby the capacitor 16 of the circuit 17 is bridged. This has the consequence that the current in the circuit 17 is considerably reduced and is therefore no longer sufficient to induce a sufficient voltage in the inductive element 24 to respond to the relay 31. As a result, the switch 36 opens, whereby the circuit 38 is interrupted and the drive 39 is stopped. The closure member 1 therefore comes to a standstill, as soon as an obstacle is clamped between the closure member 1 and the edge 5. The responsiveness depends, inter alia, on the elastic properties of the sleeve 7, the closing force of the switches 8, the force exerted by the drive 39 on the closure member 1 and the pressure exerted on the sleeve 7 by the obstacle 21. The arrangement is expediently such that the surface pressure exerted overall on the cuff 7 in the closed position is not sufficient to put the switching device 9 in its state indicating an obstacle.

Fig. 3 und 4 zeigen eine der Einrichtung nach Fig. 1 und 2 im Prinzip ähnliche Einrichtung, wobei gleiche Teile mit denselben Bezugszeichen bezeichnet sind.3 and 4 show a device similar in principle to the device according to FIGS. 1 and 2, the same parts being designated with the same reference numerals.

Ein am Verschlußorgan 1 angebrachter Stromkreis 42 enthält hier außer dem an der Leiste 10 befestigten induktiven Element 15 und dem Kondensator 16 noch ein weiteres induktives Element 43, das aus einer Leiterschleife oder einer Spule mit mehreren Wicklungen besteht, mit dem Element 15 in Reihe geschaltet ist und wie dieses mit dem Verschlußorgan 1 hin- und herbewegt wird. Das Element 43 bildet mit dem Element 15 und dem Kondensator 16 einen Schwingkreis, in welchem der Kondensator 16 wiederum dazu dient, die Blindkomponente des Wechselstromwiderstandes klein zu halten oder zu kompensieren, so daß bei eingeschaltetem Oszillator 14 (Fig. 5) ein hoher Wechselstrom im Stromkreis 42 fließt. Das Element 43 ist vorzugsweise räumlich so angeordnet, daß es möglichst keinerlei induktive direkte Kopplung mit den beiden Elementen 12 und 15 hat, zu welchem Zweck seine Achse in senkrechter Anordnung zu den Achsen der Elemente 12,15 dargestellt ist. An die Stelle des Elements 24 (Fig. 1 und 2) tritt außerdem ein als Empfänger wirkendes induktives Element 44, das am Rahmenteil 3 angeordnet ist. Dabei ist die relative Anordnung der induktiven Elemente 43 und 44 so getroffen, daß zwischen ihnen praktisch nur dann eine starke induktive Kopplung besteht, wenn sich das Verschlußorgan 1 in der aus Fig. 4 ersichtlichen Schließstellung befindet.A circuit 42 attached to the closure member 1 contains, in addition to the inductive element 15 fastened to the strip 10 and the capacitor 16, a further inductive element 43, which consists of a conductor loop or a coil with several windings, is connected in series with the element 15 and how this is moved back and forth with the closure member 1. The element 43 forms with the element 15 and the capacitor 16 a resonant circuit, in which the capacitor 16 in turn serves to keep the reactive component of the AC resistance small or to compensate so that when the oscillator 14 (FIG. 5) is switched on, a high alternating current in Circuit 42 flows. The element 43 is preferably arranged spatially so that it has as far as possible no direct inductive coupling with the two elements 12 and 15, for which purpose its axis is shown perpendicular to the axes of the elements 12, 15. The element 24 (FIGS. 1 and 2) also takes the place of an inductive element 44 which acts as a receiver and is arranged on the frame part 3. The relative arrangement of the inductive elements 43 and 44 is such that there is practically only a strong inductive coupling between them when the closure member 1 is in the closed position shown in FIG. 4 located.

Gemäß Fig. 7 ist das induktive Element 44 in einen außerhalb des Verschlußorgans 1 angeordneten Stromkreis 45 geschaltet, der zwei mit den Enden des Elements 44 verbundene Leitungen 46 und 47 aufweist, die mit den beiden Anschlüssen eines Relais 48 verbunden sind. Im übrigen enthält der Stromkreis 45 wie der Stromkreis 25 (Fig. 6) die vier einen Brückengleichrichter bildenden Dioden 29,30 bzw. 32,33 sowie die beiden Kondensatoren 34 und 35. Das Relais 48 wirkt auf einen normalerweise durch eine Feder od. dgl. geöffneten Schalter 49 ein, der mit einer schematisch angedeuteten Batterie 50 und und einer Anzeigelampe 51 in Serie liegt.7, the inductive element 44 is connected to a circuit 45 which is arranged outside the closure element 1 and has two lines 46 and 47 which are connected to the ends of the element 44 and which are connected to the two connections of a relay 48. Otherwise, the circuit 45, like the circuit 25 (FIG. 6), contains the four diodes 29, 30 and 32, 33 which form a bridge rectifier and the two capacitors 34 and 35. The relay 48 acts on one normally by means of a spring or the like open switch 49, which is in series with a schematically indicated battery 50 and an indicator lamp 51.

Die Wirkungsweise der aus Fig. 3,4,5 und 7 ersichtlichen Einrichtung ist wie folgt:
Bei eingeschaltetem Betriebszustand, d.h. insbesondere bei eingeschaltetem Oszillator 14 (Fig. 5), wird über das Element 12 und unabhängig von der Stellung des Verschlußorgans 1 ein Strom vorgewählter Größe in den Stromkreis 42 induziert. Dieser Strom durchfließt auch das Element 43, ist aber solange unwirksam, wie sich das Verschlußorgan in der Offenstellung oder einer nur teilweise geschlossenen Stellung befindet, weil in diesen Stellungen keine ausreichende induktive Kopplung zwischen den Elementen 43 und 44 besteht. Infolgedessen ist die in den Stromkreis 45 induzierte Wechselspannung in diesen Stellungen sehr klein bzw. Null, so daß der das Relais 48 durchfließende Strom nicht ausreicht, um den Schalter 49 zu schließen. Liegt dagegen die Anschlagkante des Verschlußorgans 1 nach Schließen des Verschlußorgans 1 am Rand 5 des Rahmenteils 4 an, dann herrscht zwischen den Elementen 43 und 44 die erwünschte und durch ihre gegenseitige räumliche Lage festgelegte große induktive Kopplung, die eine das Ansprechen des Relais 48 bewirkende Spannung im Element 44 zur Folge hat. Infolgedessen wird der Schalter 49 geschlossen und die Anzeigelampe 51 zum Aufleuchten gebracht, was das Schließen des Verschlußorgans 1 signalisiert. Der Stromkreis 45 gibt in diesem Fall ein für den Zustand "geschlossen" charakteristisches Signal ab.
The mode of operation of the device shown in FIGS. 3, 4, 5 and 7 is as follows:
When the operating state is switched on, that is to say in particular when the oscillator 14 is switched on (FIG. 5), a current of a preselected size is induced in the circuit 42 via the element 12 and regardless of the position of the closure member 1. This current also flows through the element 43, but is ineffective as long as the closure member is in the open position or in a partially closed position, because in these positions there is insufficient inductive coupling between the elements 43 and 44. As a result, the AC voltage induced in the circuit 45 is very small or zero in these positions, so that the current flowing through the relay 48 is not sufficient to close the switch 49. If, on the other hand, the stop edge of the closure member 1 is in contact with the edge 5 of the frame part 4 after the closure member 1 has been closed, then there is a large inductive coupling between the elements 43 and 44 which is defined by their mutual spatial position and which causes the relay 48 to respond in element 44. As a result, the switch 49 is closed and the indicator lamp 51 lights up, causing the closing of the closure member 1 signals. In this case the circuit 45 emits a signal which is characteristic of the “closed” state.

Alternativ könnte das Element 44 durch ein am Rahmenteil 4 angebrachtes Element ersetzt sein, das in der Schließstellung mit einem am rechten Ende der Leiste 10 angebrachten, dem Element 43 entsprechenden induktiven Element ausreichend stark induktiv gekoppelt ist. Die dargestellte Anordnung ist allerdings besonders zweckmäßig, wenn es sich bei dem Verschlußorgan 1 um den einen Flügel einer zweiflügeligen Fahrzeugtür od. dgl. handelt, deren beide Flügel zum Schließen der Tür aufeinander zu bewegt werden und im Schließfall mit ihren Längskanten aneinanderstoßen.Alternatively, the element 44 could be replaced by an element attached to the frame part 4, which in the closed position is sufficiently inductively coupled to an inductive element which corresponds to the element 43 and is attached to the right end of the strip 10. The arrangement shown is particularly useful, however, when the closure member 1 is the one wing of a two-wing vehicle door or the like, the two wings of which are moved towards one another to close the door and abut with their longitudinal edges when closed.

Die beiden Einrichtungen zur Überwachung des Schließzustandes des Verschlußorgans 1, die in Fig. 1,2 und 6 einerseits bzw. Fig. 3,4 und 7 andererseits getrennt voneinander dargestellt sind, können auch in einfacher Weise zusammengefaßt werden, indem beispielsweise der Stromkreis 17 nach Fig. 1 und 2 mit einem weiteren induktiven Element entsprechend dem induktiven Element 43 nach Fig. 3 und 4 versehen und entsprechend zwei Stromkreise nach Fig. 6 und 7 verwendet werden. Die Wirkungsweise ist dann entsprechend mit dem zusätzlichen Vorteil, daß beim Ansprechen eines der Schalter 8 (Fig. 1,2) auf keinen Fall der Schalter 49 (Fig. 7) betätigt und dadurch irrtümlich das Signal "geschlossen" gegeben werden kann, selbst wenn der eingeklemmte Gegenstand 21 (Fig. 2) sehr dünn ist und nur aus einem Finger od. dgl. besteht. Da nämlich beim Ansprechen eines der Schalter 8 der Kondensator 16 (Fig. 1,2) überbrückt und dadurch der die Elemente 15 und 43 durchfließende Strom sehr klein gemacht wird, würde die Spannung, die im Stromkreis 45 induziert wird, selbst dann nicht zum Schließen des Schalters 49 ausreichen, wenn das Verschlußorgan 1 die Schließstellung bis auf den kleinen Spalt 22 (Fig. 2) erreicht hat und daher die induktive Kopplung zwischen den Elementen 43 und 44 schon recht groß ist.The two devices for monitoring the closed state of the closure member 1, which are shown separately in FIGS. 1, 2 and 6 on the one hand and in FIGS. 3, 4 and 7 on the other hand, can also be combined in a simple manner by, for example, the circuit 17 according to FIG 1 and 2 with a further inductive element corresponding to the inductive element 43 according to FIGS. 3 and 4 and correspondingly two circuits according to FIGS. 6 and 7 are used. The mode of operation is then correspondingly with the additional advantage that when one of the switches 8 (FIGS. 1, 2) responds, the switch 49 (FIG. 7) is never actuated and the signal "closed" can thereby be erroneously given, even if the pinched object 21 (FIG. 2) is very thin and consists of only one finger or the like. This is because, when one of the switches 8 responds, the capacitor 16 (FIGS. 1, 2) is bridged and the current flowing through the elements 15 and 43 is made very small, so that the voltage induced in the circuit 45 would not even close of the switch 49 are sufficient when the closure member 1 has reached the closed position except for the small gap 22 (FIG. 2) and therefore the inductive coupling between the elements 43 and 44 is already quite large.

Weiterhin könnte, wie in Fig. 8 schematisch dargestellt ist, der Stromkreis 42 nach Fig. 3,4 und 7 durch einen Stromkreis 53 ersetzt sein, der nur das Element 15 und den Kondensator 16 in Reihenschaltung umfaßt und bei dem zwei weitere induktive Elemente 54 und 55 vorgesehen sind, die mit einem weiteren Kondensator 56 in Reihe geschaltet sind. In diesem Fall würde das eine induktive Element 54 ständig mit dem induktiven Element 15 gekoppelt sein, während das andere induktive Element 55 die Funktion des Elements 43 nach Fig. 7 übernimmt. Bei dieser Ausführungsform wird der zur Anzeige des Schließzustands des Verschlußorgans 1 benötigte Strom ebenfalls berührungslos vom induktiven Element 12 in den am Verschlußorgan 1 angebrachten Stromkreis eingekoppelt und von diesem in Abhängigkeit von dem anzuzeigenden Zustand auf einen weiteren Stromkreis übertragen.Furthermore, as schematically shown in FIG. 8, the circuit 42 according to FIGS. 3, 4 and 7 could be replaced by a circuit 53 which only comprises the element 15 and the capacitor 16 in series connection and in which two further inductive elements 54 and 55 are provided, which are connected in series with a further capacitor 56. In this case, the one inductive element 54 would be continuously coupled to the inductive element 15, while the other inductive element 55 takes over the function of the element 43 according to FIG. 7. In this embodiment, the current required to indicate the closed state of the closure member 1 is also coupled in a contactless manner from the inductive element 12 into the circuit attached to the closure member 1, and is transmitted from there to another circuit depending on the state to be displayed.

Allen anhand Fig. 1 bis 8 beschriebenen Ausführungsbeispielen ist gemeinsam, daß sie an einer außerhalb des Verschlußorgans 1 gelegenen Stelle einen ersten Stromkreis 25 bzw. 45 zur Abgabe eines für den Schließzustand charakteristischen Signals aufweisen, wobei dieser erste Stromkreis wenigstens ein erstes induktives Element 24 bzw. 44 aufweist. Weiterhin ist am Verschlußorgan 1 ein zweiter Stromkreis 17,42 bzw. 53 mit wenigstens einem zweiten induktiven Element 15,43, 54,55 angebracht, das in wenigstens einer Stellung (Fig. 3,4 und 8) oder auch in allen Stellungen des Verschlußorgans 1 (Fig. 1 und 2) induktiv mit dem ersten Element gekoppelt ist, um dadurch berührungslos das für den Schließzustand charakteristische Signal im ersten Stromkreis zu erzeugen. Außerdem ist vorzugsweise an einer außerhalb des Verschlußorgans gelegenen Stelle ein dritter Stromkreis 13 mit einem dritten induktiven Element 12 vorgesehen, das dazu dient, die für die Zustandsanzeige benötigte elektrische Energie berührungslos in den zweiten Stromkreis einzukoppeln. In allen Varianten ergeben sich außerdem die Vorteile, daß in den zweiten Stromkreis nur die zur Zustandsanzeige erforderliche Energie eingekoppelt werden braucht und daß beim Auftreten eines Kurzschlusses, einer Leitungsunterbrechung, eines Stromausfalls oder eines anderen Fehlers im System niemals das Signal "geschlossen" abgegeben wird, was insbesondere für die Anwendung der beschriebenen Einrichtungen als Türschließüberwachung an Straßen-, Eisen- oder Untergrundbahnen und ähnlichen Fahrzeugen wichtig ist.All of the exemplary embodiments described with reference to FIGS. 1 to 8 have in common that they have a first circuit 25 or 45 at a location outside the closure member 1 for emitting a signal which is characteristic of the closed state, this first circuit having at least one first inductive element 24 or 44 has. Furthermore, a second circuit 17, 42 or 53 with at least one second inductive element 15, 43, 54, 55 is attached to the closure member 1, which is in at least one position (FIGS. 3, 4 and 8) or in all positions of the closure member 1 (FIGS. 1 and 2) is inductively coupled to the first element in order thereby to generate the signal in the first circuit which is characteristic of the closed state without contact. In addition, a third circuit 13 with a third inductive element 12 is preferably provided at a location outside the closure member, which serves to contactlessly couple the electrical energy required for the status display into the second circuit. In all variants there are also the advantages that only the energy required for the status display needs to be coupled into the second circuit and that when a short circuit occurs, a line interruption, a power failure or another fault in the system never gives the signal "closed", which is particularly important for the use of the described devices as door closing monitoring on trams, trains or subways and similar vehicles.

Bei den Schaltern 8 kann es sich um an sich beliebige kapazitive, piezoelektrische od. dgl. Schaltorgane oder auch um Lichtschranken od. dgl. handeln, die wenigstens zwei Zustände einnehmen können und sich im Normalfall im einen Zustand befinden, bei Einklemmung eines Hindernisses zwischen dem Verschlußorgan 1 und dem Rahmenteil 4 (bzw. einem zweiten Verschlußorgan) dagegen in den jeweils anderen Zustand überführt werden, um dadurch im zweiten Stromkreis einen vom Normalfall abweichenden Strom zu erzeugen. Weiterhin ist es möglich, die schematisch als Spulen dargestellten induktiven Elemente als einfache oder mehrfache großflächige Leiterschleifen auszubilden, die geometrisch auch in Form einer "8" ausgebildet sein können.The switches 8 can be any capacitive, piezoelectric or similar switching elements or light barriers or the like, which can assume at least two states and are normally in one state when an obstacle is trapped between them Locking element 1 and the frame part 4 (or a second locking element), on the other hand, are converted into the respective other state, in order to thereby generate a current which deviates from the normal case in the second circuit. Furthermore, it is possible to design the inductive elements shown schematically as coils as single or multiple large-area conductor loops, which can also be geometrically designed in the form of an “8”.

Eine praktische Ausführungsform der Erfindung ist in Fig. 9 in Verbindung mit einer schematisch angedeuteten Fahrgastzelle 58 eines Straßen-, Eisen- oder Untergrundbahnwagens dargestellt. Ein in einem Rahmen 59 verschiebbar gelagerter Türflügel 60 schlägt in seinem Schließzustand an ein Rahmenteil 61 oder einen in entgegengesetzter Richtung verschiebbar gelagerten zweiten Türflügel an. Der Türflügel 60 ist an seiner Anschlagseite mit einer elastisch eindrückbaren Manschette 62 versehen, die über seine ganze Höhe einen inneren Hohlraum 63 aufweist. In diesem ist eine Schalteinrichtung 64 angeordnet, die aus zwei blanken, aus einem elektrisch leitenden Material hergestellten, elastisch biegbaren Kontaktleisten besteht, die sich vorzugsweise ebenfalls über die ganze Höhe des Türflügels 60 erstrecken und mit ihren einen Enden jeweils mit den beiden Anschlüssen eines Kondensators 65 verbunden sind, während ihre anderen Enden frei liegen. Im Normalzustand sind die Kontaktleisten an keiner Stelle miteinander in Berührung, so daß der Kondensator 65 als kapazitives Element vorgewählter Größe wirkt. Wird jedoch beispielsweise eine Hand 66 in dem Spalt zwischen Türflügel 60 und Rahmenteil 61 eingeklemmt, so gibt die Manschette 62 an dieser Stelle elastisch nach, wodurch die Kontaktleisten elastisch verbogen und in gegenseitige Berührung gebracht werden, wie in Fig. 9 durch eine gestrichelte Linie 67 angedeutet ist, so daß der Kondensator 65 überbrückt wird. Die beiden Kontaktleisten haben somit dieselbe Wirkung wie eine Vielzahl von einzelnen, dicht übereinander angeordneten Schaltern 8 im Sinne der Fig. 1 und 2.A practical embodiment of the invention is shown in FIG. 9 in connection with a schematically indicated passenger compartment 58 of a tram, iron or subway car. A door leaf 60 slidably mounted in a frame 59, in its closed state, strikes a frame part 61 or a second door leaf slidably mounted in the opposite direction. The door leaf 60 is provided on its stop side with an elastically compressible sleeve 62 which has an inner cavity 63 over its entire height. In this, a switching device 64 is arranged, which consists of two bare, elastically bendable contact strips made of an electrically conductive material, which preferably also extend over the entire height of the door leaf 60 and with their one ends each with the two connections of a capacitor 65 are connected while their other ends are exposed. In the normal state, the contact strips are nowhere in contact with one another so that the capacitor 65 acts as a capacitive element of a preselected size. However, if, for example, a hand 66 is clamped in the gap between the door leaf 60 and the frame part 61, the sleeve 62 yields elastically at this point, as a result of which the contact strips are elastically bent and brought into mutual contact, as in FIG. 9 by a broken line 67 is indicated, so that the capacitor 65 is bridged. The two contact strips thus have the same effect as a large number of individual switches 8 arranged close to one another in the sense of FIGS. 1 and 2.

Gemäß Fig. 9 ist der Kondensator 65 in einen Stromkreis 68 geschaltet, der an einer am Türflügel 60 befestigten Leiste 69 montiert ist, und mit den beiden Enden eines induktiven Elements 70 verbunden, das aus einer Leiterschleife mit zwei parallelen, im wesentlichen deckungsgleichen und in Rechteckform angeordneten Windungen aus einem elektrisch leitenden Draht od. dgl. besteht. Zwei weitere induktive Elemente 71 bzw. 72 bestehen jeweils aus einem Ferritkern 73 bzw. 74 in Form je eines geschlitzten Rings, auf den eine Anzahl von Windungen 75 bzw. 76 aus einem elektrisch leitenden Draht od. dgl. aufgewickelt ist. Die Ferritkerne 73 bzw. 74 umgeben einen parallel zur Verschieberichtung des Türflügels 60 verlaufenden Abschnitt des Elements 70, wobei dieses Teilstück im wesentlichen senkrecht zu den Mittelebenen der Ferritkerne 73,74 angeordnet ist und etwa durch deren Mittelachsen verläuft. Die Enden der Windung 75 sind z.B. mit den Leitungen 27,28 der Fig. 6 und die Enden der Windungen 76 z.B. mit dem Oszillator 14 gemäß Fig. 5 verbunden. Bei eingeschaltetem Oszillator 14 wird daher vom Element 72 ein elektromagnetisches Wechselfeld erzeugt, das in dem von ihm umgebenden Abschnitt und damit im ganzen Element 70 einen Wechselstrom induziert. Dieser erzeugt ein die Leiter des Elements 70 konzentrisch umgebendes magnetisches Wechselfeld (Rechte-Hand-Regel), das seinerseits den Ferritkern 73 durchflutet und in den Windungen 75 des Elements 71 einen Induktionsstrom zur Folge hat. Die räumliche Anordnung und Wirkungsweise sind insoweit dieselben wie bei der Einrichtung nach Fig. 1 und 2.9, the capacitor 65 is connected to a circuit 68, which is mounted on a strip 69 fastened to the door leaf 60, and connected to the two ends of an inductive element 70, which consists of a conductor loop with two parallel, substantially congruent and in Rectangular turns or the like consists of an electrically conductive wire. Two further inductive elements 71 and 72 each consist of a ferrite core 73 and 74 in the form of a slotted ring, on which a number of turns 75 and 76 of an electrically conductive wire or the like is wound. The ferrite cores 73 and 74 surround a section of the element 70 which runs parallel to the direction of displacement of the door leaf 60, this section being arranged essentially perpendicular to the central planes of the ferrite cores 73, 74 and running approximately through their central axes. The ends of the turn 75 are connected, for example, to the lines 27, 28 of FIG. 6 and the ends of the turns 76, for example, to the oscillator 14 according to FIG. 5. When the oscillator 14 is switched on, the element 72 therefore generates an alternating electromagnetic field which induces an alternating current in the section surrounding it and thus in the entire element 70. This generates a magnetic alternating field concentrically surrounding the conductors of the element 70 (right-hand rule), which in turn flows through the ferrite core 73 and generates an induction current in the turns 75 of the element 71 has the consequence. The spatial arrangement and mode of operation are the same as in the device according to FIGS. 1 and 2.

An dem linken Ende des Elements 70 und innerhalb von diesem ist gemäß Fig. 9 bis 11 ein weiteres induktives Element 77 angeordnet, das wie das Element 43 in Fig. 7 bzw. das Element 54 in Fig. 8 wirkt. Das Element 77 besteht aus einer nach Art einer ebenen Acht (8) geformten, zweiadrigen Leiterschleife, deren Teilstücke im wesentlichen geradlinig sind und deren Mittelebene im wesentlichen mit der Mittelebene des Elements 70 übereinstimmt. Wie Fig. 10 und 11 zeigen, in denen die Elemente 71 und 72 zur Vereinfachung der Darstellung weggelassen sind, ist das Element 77 im Betriebszustand beispielsweise an der durch eine geschlossene Linie 78 bezeichneten Seite über dasjenige Magnetfeld, das von dem das Element 70 durchfließenden Strom erzeugt wird, induktiv mit dem Element 70 gekoppelt, so daß auch im Element 77 ein Strom fließt. Die Blindkomponente von dessen Wechselstromwiderstand kann mittels eines Kondensators 79 kompensiert werden. Der Strom im Element 77 hat das in Fig. 11 schematisch durch kreisförmige Pfeile angedeutete, für eine Halbperiode dargestellte Magnetfeld zur Folge, das jeweils zu beiden Seiten des Mittelteils der achtförmigen Leiterschleife am stärksten ist, weil dort vier nebeneinander liegende Leiterstücke parallel von Strom durchflossen werden, während an beiden Seiten nur jeweils zwei Leiterstücke vorhanden sind. In Fig. 10 sind diese vier Leiterstücke teilweise von einem induktiven Element 80 abgedeckt, dessen Aufbau sich vor allem aus Fig. 11 ergibt, während in Fig. 11 die Leiter des Elements 70 und 77 wie üblich geschnitten dargestellt sind.9 to 11, a further inductive element 77 is arranged at the left end of the element 70 and within it, which acts like element 43 in FIG. 7 or element 54 in FIG. 8. The element 77 consists of a two-wire conductor loop shaped in the manner of a flat figure eight (8), the sections of which are essentially rectilinear and the center plane of which essentially coincides with the center plane of the element 70. 10 and 11 show, in which the elements 71 and 72 are omitted to simplify the illustration, the element 77 is in the operating state, for example, on the side indicated by a closed line 78 over that magnetic field from which the current flowing through the element 70 is generated, inductively coupled to element 70, so that a current also flows in element 77. The reactive component of its AC resistance can be compensated for by means of a capacitor 79. The current in element 77 results in the magnetic field shown schematically in FIG. 11 for half a period, which is strongest on both sides of the middle part of the eight-shaped conductor loop, because current flows through four adjacent conductor pieces in parallel , while there are only two conductor sections on each side. In FIG. 10, these four conductor pieces are partially covered by an inductive element 80, the structure of which results primarily from FIG. 11, while in FIG. 11 the conductors of the element 70 and 77 are shown in the usual section.

Zur Abtastung des vom Element 77 erzeugten Magnetfelds dient das in seiner Wirkung dem Element 44 nach Fig. 3 und 4 entsprechende induktive Element 80 in Form eines U-förmigen Ferritkerns 81, auf den eine Spule 82 aufgewickelt ist. Das Element 80 ist am Rahmen 59 befestigt, während das Element 77 wie das Element 70 so an der Leiste 69 angebracht ist, daß es im Schließzustand des Türflügels 60 exakt die aus Fig. 11 ersichtliche, symmetrische Mittellage dicht unter dem Element 80 einnimmt, in welcher die beiden Polflächen des Ferritkerns 81 im wesentlichen parallel zur Mittelebene des Elements 77 stehen und genau auf die beiden Zweige der 8-förmigen Leiterschleife ausgerichtet sind, so daß der Ferritkern 81 maximal durchflutet wird. Dadurch wird im Schließzustand ein maximales Signal im Element 80 erzeugt, während geringfügige Verschiebungen des Türflügels eine stark unsymmetrische Lage des Elements 80 relativ zum Element 77 und damit ein wesentlich kleineres induziertes Signal bewirken. Bei offenem Türflügel 60 nimmt das Element 80 etwa die in Fig. 10 gestrichelt dargestellte Position 80a ein, in der praktisch gar keine induktive Kopplung mit dem Element 77 besteht. Die Wirkungsweise ist daher entsprechend Fig. 3 und 4 bzw. 8. Ein Vorteil der Anordnung nach Fig. 10 und 11 besteht darin, daß die Elemente 77 und 80 sehr klein ausgebildet werden können, so daß sich für das Schaltsignal ein eng begrenzter Schwellwert einstellen und dadurch der Schließzustand in engen Grenzen festlegen läßt.The magnetic field generated by element 77 is sensed by inductive element 80, which corresponds to element 44 according to FIGS. 3 and 4 in the form of a U-shaped ferrite core 81, on which a coil 82 is wound. The Element 80 is fastened to the frame 59, while the element 77, like the element 70, is attached to the strip 69 in such a way that, when the door leaf 60 is closed, it assumes exactly the symmetrical central position shown in FIG. 11, just below the element 80, in which the two pole faces of the ferrite core 81 are substantially parallel to the central plane of the element 77 and are aligned precisely with the two branches of the 8-shaped conductor loop, so that the ferrite core 81 is flooded to the maximum. As a result, a maximum signal is generated in the element 80 in the closed state, while slight displacements of the door leaf result in a strongly asymmetrical position of the element 80 relative to the element 77 and thus a much smaller induced signal. When the door leaf 60 is open, the element 80 assumes approximately the position 80a shown in broken lines in FIG. 10, in which there is practically no inductive coupling with the element 77. The mode of operation is therefore corresponding to FIGS. 3 and 4 and 8. An advantage of the arrangement according to FIGS. 10 and 11 is that the elements 77 and 80 can be made very small, so that a narrowly limited threshold value is set for the switching signal and thereby the closing state can be set within narrow limits.

Die Erfindung ist nicht auf die beschriebenen Ausführungsbeispiele beschränkt, die sich auf vielfache Weise abwandeln lassen. Insbesondere die Anordnung und Ausbildung der verschiedenen induktiven Elemente und Stromkreise können dem speziellen Anwendungszweck angepaßt und daher im Vergleich zu Fig. 1 bis 11 abgeändert werden. Dabei ist es auch möglich, die Funktionen der induktiven Elemente 12 und 24 in einem einzigen induktiven Element bzw. einem einzigen Stromkreis zu kombinieren. Hierzu kann beispielsweise das induktive Element 24 in einen Stromkreis gelegt werden, der einerseits elektrische Energie für den Stromkreis 17 liefert und andererseits entsprechend der abgegebenen Energie, die von der Stellung der Schalter 8 abhängt, auf ein Stellglied einwirkt und dadurch den jeweiligen Zustand der Schalteinrichtung 9 bzw. des Verschlußorgans erkennbar macht. Bei einer solchen Ausführungsform könnte daher das Element 12 fehlen.The invention is not limited to the exemplary embodiments described, which can be modified in many ways. In particular, the arrangement and design of the various inductive elements and circuits can be adapted to the specific application and can therefore be modified in comparison to FIGS. 1 to 11. It is also possible to combine the functions of the inductive elements 12 and 24 in a single inductive element or a single circuit. For this purpose, for example, the inductive element 24 can be placed in a circuit which, on the one hand, supplies electrical energy for the circuit 17 and, on the other hand, acts on an actuator according to the energy output, which depends on the position of the switches 8, and thereby the respective state makes the switching device 9 or the closure member recognizable. In such an embodiment, element 12 could therefore be missing.

Claims (12)

  1. A device for monitoring the closed state of a closure element (1), which is mounted on a frame (3, 4) around an opening (2) and is movable to and fro relative to the frame between an open and a closed position, comprising: a first circuit (24, 45) provided outside the closure member (1), with at least one first inductive element (24, 44, 71, 80) for providing a ready signal characteristic of an anticipated state of closure, an oscillator (14) likewise arranged outside the closure member (1) and a second electrical circuit (17, 42, 53, 68) with at least one second inductive element (15, 43, 55, 70, 77), which is inductively coupled to the first inductive element (24, 44, 71, 80) in at least one selected position of the closure member (1) for the purpose of generating the ready signal in the first circuit (25, 45) without contact, characterized in that the second circuit (17, 42, 53, 68) is built fixed in the closure member (1) and, with the oscillator (14) switched on, conducts a current enabling the provision of the ready signal, induced without contact by means of the oscillator in every position of the closure member (1).
  2. A device according to claim 1, characterized in that the oscillator (14) is part of a third circuit (13) arranged outside the closure member (1), which third circuit has a third inductive element (12, 72) fed from the oscillator (14) and fitted to the frame (3,4), the third inductive element being coupled to the second inductive element (15, 70) for coupling electrical energy inductively into the second circuit (17, 42, 53, 68) without contact in every position of the closure member (1).
  3. A device according to claim 2, characterized in that the second inductive element (15, 70) coupled to the third inductive element (12, 72) has a section arranged parallel to the latter and parallel to the direction of movement of the closure member (1), the length of this section corresponding at least to the length of the possible extent of movement of the closure member (1), and in that the third inductive element (12, 70) is so arranged that it is inductively coupled to a portion of constant length of this section in every position of the closure member (1).
  4. A device according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the first inductive element (24, 71) is so arranged that it is inductively coupled to the second inductive element (15, 70) in every position of the closure member (1).
  5. A device according to claim 4, characterized in that the first inductive element (24, 71) is so arranged that is inductively coupled to a portion of constant length of the second inductive element (15, 70) in every position of the closure member (1).
  6. A device according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the first inductive element (44, 80) is so arranged that it is inductively coupled to the second element (43, 55, 77) substantially only in the closed position of the closure member (1).
  7. A device according to any one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that there are provided two first circuits (24, 45) outside the frame (3, 4), each with a first inductive element (24, 44 or 71, 80), in that the second circuit has two second inductive elements (15, 70 or 43, 55, 77), and in that one of the first inductive elements (24 or 71) is coupled inductively to one of the two second inductive elements (15, 70) in every position of the closure member (1), while the other first inductive element (44, 80) is coupled inductively to the other of the two second inductive elements (43, 55 or 77) substantially only in the closed position.
  8. A device according to any one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that the second circuit (17, 42, 53, 68) consists of an oscillatory circuit comprising at least the second inductive element (15, 43, 55, 70, 77) and a capacitor (16, 56, 65).
  9. A device according to claim 8, characterized in that the capacitor (16, 56, 65) is connected in parallel with a switching device (9, 64) fitted to the closure member (1) and having at least two states changing in dependence on the state of closure of the closure member (1).
  10. A device according to claim 9, characterized in that the switching device (64) consists of two bare, elastically yielding, electrical contact strips, which are fitted to a stop edge of the closure member (1), perpendicular to its direction of movement.
  11. A device according to claim 10, characterized in that the switching device (64) is arranged in an elastically deformable sleeve (7) forming the stop edge.
  12. A device according to any one of claims 1 to 11, characterized in that the closure member (60) is a vehicle door.
EP88118476A 1987-11-16 1988-11-05 Device for checking the closed state of a closing element Expired - Lifetime EP0316691B1 (en)

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AT88118476T ATE86708T1 (en) 1987-11-16 1988-11-05 DEVICE FOR MONITORING THE CLOSED STATUS OF A CLOSURE ORGAN.

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DE3738830 1987-11-16
DE3738830A DE3738830C1 (en) 1987-11-16 1987-11-16 Device for monitoring the closing state of a closure member

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EP0316691A1 EP0316691A1 (en) 1989-05-24
EP0316691B1 true EP0316691B1 (en) 1993-03-10

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RU2028445C1 (en) 1995-02-09
CA1319180C (en) 1993-06-15
ATE86708T1 (en) 1993-03-15
US4952855A (en) 1990-08-28
DE3879106D1 (en) 1993-04-15
JPH01166196A (en) 1989-06-30
JP2855528B2 (en) 1999-02-10
EP0316691A1 (en) 1989-05-24
DE3738830C1 (en) 1989-02-09

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