EP0314936B1 - Method and apparatus for plastic forming of tubular articles - Google Patents

Method and apparatus for plastic forming of tubular articles Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0314936B1
EP0314936B1 EP88116644A EP88116644A EP0314936B1 EP 0314936 B1 EP0314936 B1 EP 0314936B1 EP 88116644 A EP88116644 A EP 88116644A EP 88116644 A EP88116644 A EP 88116644A EP 0314936 B1 EP0314936 B1 EP 0314936B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
tube
tool
workpiece
axis
machine according
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EP88116644A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP0314936A2 (en
EP0314936A3 (en
Inventor
Alessandro Ferrari
Matteo Piccoli
Giancarlo Aliprandi
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BLM SpA
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BLM SpA
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21D—WORKING OR PROCESSING OF SHEET METAL OR METAL TUBES, RODS OR PROFILES WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21D22/00—Shaping without cutting, by stamping, spinning, or deep-drawing
    • B21D22/14—Spinning

Definitions

  • the above invention relates to a method and a machine for the plastic deformation of tubular bodies.
  • a pipe widening machine or pipe forming machine of the type series AST 38, AST, 102, AST 130 from the applicant is already available on the market for carrying out the aforementioned deformation processes.
  • the known machines consist of a collet with which the pipe piece is clamped.
  • the known machines have a turret-like head, which is directed towards the end of the tube to be deformed.
  • the turret has a number of tools for punching out, calibrating and generally deforming the pipe end.
  • the entire turret head After tightening the pipe piece to be deformed and a controlled positioning of the turret (in such a way that the suitable tool for the shaping process is arranged exactly coaxially with respect to the longitudinal axis of the pipe to be deformed), the entire turret head performs a longitudinal stroke on the end of the clamped pipe out.
  • the desired plastic deformation is carried out by one or more processing operations, for example a tapering, widening, formation of a protruding flange, drilling, widening or conical deformation of the end piece of the tube.
  • the known machines have the essential disadvantage that different tools have to be provided for each deformation process and for each tube diameter, which tools are to be mounted on a platform of the turret head, in accordance with the machining processes to be carried out.
  • the known machine is thus very limited in terms of the deformation processes that can be carried out.
  • the known machines which are equipped with deformation tools, which are fastened on a revolver-like platform, which is displaceably mounted in the longitudinal direction, also have the disadvantage that frequently complicated deformation processes which require repeated, step-wise deformation (to carry out a gradual deformation) are not feasible. Furthermore, the known machines operate under considerable disturbing noise development. The hourly performance of the deformed workpieces is limited, the known machines represent a cost that should not be underestimated, due to the need to provide a complex hydraulic unit.
  • a method and a device for producing a pipe bend have become known from the prior art (EP-A-0 010 057), wherein a plurality of shaping tools are arranged in a tool holding head rotating about the workpiece to be deformed.
  • the brackets of the shaping tools can be acted on via an inclined plane which can be displaced in the longitudinal direction in such a way that these tools can be advanced radially from the outside in the direction of the axis of rotation of the head.
  • the workpiece to be deformed is mounted on a cross slide, and means are provided which allow the workpiece to be adjusted in its high position relative to the tool holder head.
  • the cross slide for receiving the workpiece is movably supported.
  • Document JP-A-57 165130 shows a device with which constrictions can be produced at the end of a pipe section.
  • a change in the rotational speed of the tool and thus by changing the on the workpiece exerted centrifugal force, a deformation of the workpiece, e.g. B. a pipe piece, made possible from the outer wall to the workpiece axis, a deformation of the pipe piece in the reverse direction from the inside to the outside in the direction of the pipe wall cannot be carried out with this device.
  • the workpiece is moved in the longitudinal direction during the deformation process.
  • the object of the above invention is to propose a new method and a new machine with which it is possible to avoid the disadvantages of the prior art and to create the possibility of using a very large number of different parts, if possible using a single workpiece
  • Deformation processes also to be carried out with a complex geometric design. Furthermore, the possibility is to be created to adapt technical processing sizes quickly and easily to the various deformation processes and the characteristics of the pipe piece to be deformed, as well as to the material properties of the pipes, in order to create great flexibility with regard to the deformation processes which can be carried out. It should also be possible to carry out complex deformation processes and deformation processes for composite shapes, and furthermore the processing of different materials, e.g. Steel, stainless steel (Inox), copper, aluminum alloys, brass are possible.
  • a machine is advantageously provided with means for arranging and tensioning the pipe piece in a predetermined position and on the side of the machine which is directed towards the end of the pipe piece to be machined: the workpiece receiving device is arranged in a stationary manner and the rotating machining tool is received by a slide which is arranged on a platform which can be driven at a controllable speed and is movable relative to the platform and radially to the workpiece axis, the slide being displaceable with controlled movement in the direction of the tube axis or in the direction of the tube shell and the rotating platform with the processing tool is picked up by a support that can be moved with controlled movement in the direction of the workpiece axis.
  • the machine identified overall by 1 consists of a machine bed 2 which has a vice 3 on one side in which the tube 4, the end 4a of which is to be subjected to plastic deformation, is clamped.
  • the vice 3 is assigned a stop 5 which is designed in the manner of a flap 5 which is designed to be pivotable upwards and downwards. This component will be described in more detail below.
  • the end 4a of the tube 4 is also assigned a heating device 6 for heating the tube piece. This device will also be described in more detail below.
  • the machine frame 2 of the machine 1 has horizontal guides 7 which slidably (along the axis X) accommodate a processing unit or a processing support, which is identified overall by 8.
  • the processing unit 8 is operatively connected to a threaded spindle 9, advantageously a ball screw 9, in order to ensure maximum precision for the displacement of the processing unit 8 in the direction of the X axis.
  • the ball screw is advantageously operatively connected to a drive motor 11 with the interposition of a reduction gear 10.
  • the motor 11 is advantageously designed as a controllable motor, for example as a DC motor.
  • the processing unit 8 receives a platform 1 which can rotate about an axis marked B.
  • the rotary drive of the platform 12 is accomplished by means of a drive motor 13 which, for example, acts on the spindle 15, which is connected to the platform, by way of a toothed belt 14 which is arranged inside the unit 8 12 is connected.
  • the motor 13, if it should be necessary, is designed as a controllable DC motor.
  • the rotating platform 12 receives a carriage 16 which is arranged to be movable in the direction of the Z axis, i.e. radial to the platform 12.
  • the radial displacement of the carriage 16 is accomplished with the aid of a drive motor 17.
  • This motor is also advantageously designed as a controllable DC motor.
  • the motors 11, 13, 17 are operatively connected to an NC control device, which is identified overall by 18. Furthermore, an encoder known per se or a similar display device is assigned to each motor. These devices are known to the person skilled in the art. For this reason, they are not shown and described in more detail.
  • the slide 16 of the platform 12 receives at least one tool 19 for the plastic deformation of the end piece 4a of the pipe piece 4.
  • this platform can also be equipped with a further tool 19 ', as is shown with broken lines.
  • the structure of the deformation tools 19, 19 ' will be described in more detail below.
  • the machine 1 can be seen in a front view in the direction of the arrow 11 according to FIG. 1, i.e. in the direction of entry of the pipe section 4 into the vice 3.
  • the machine frame is equipped with a vice, which is marked with 3 in total.
  • the vice 3 has Clamping jaws 20 for tightening the tube 4; and the clamping jaws 20 can be actuated in the horizontal direction with the aid of a hydraulic piston-cylinder unit.
  • the vice 3 has a slide-like device 22 which is provided with jaws 20 which are provided with a larger and a smaller through hole.
  • the jaws 20 are operatively connected to lifting rods 23, which can be driven by further piston-cylinder units 24, in order to enable the jaws 20 to be moved upwards or downwards (arrow g).
  • the jaws with a large bore diameter or the jaws with a small bore diameter are brought into the clamping position in alignment with the axis B of the tube piece.
  • the processing unit 8 has an arm 5, designed in the manner of a flap, which can carry out a pivoting movement from top to bottom (arrow f). If the arm 5 is arranged in a raised position, as shown in Fig. 2, it is in the rest position, the arm 5 is pivoted downwards (arrow f), it is in alignment with the axis B. This forms the body of the Armes 5 a stop 5 ', which makes it possible to position the end 4a of the pipe piece 4 exactly when entering the machine, ie the end piece 4a of the pipe 4 is always in exact location relative to the tools 19, 19 '(not shown in Fig. 2) arranged.
  • the lower part of the arm 5 has a heating device 6 which consists of openable and closable jaws which are controlled, e.g. with the help of lever rods 25 and a piston-cylinder unit 26 can be driven.
  • the heating device 6 can work electrically-inductively, or in a known manner using gas burners which, for certain deformation processes, allow the end piece 4a of the tube 4, which is arranged in the vice 3, to be heated.
  • actuating device of the processing unit 8 is shown schematically.
  • the processing unit 8 is slidably mounted on guides 7. Furthermore, the processing unit 8 is operatively connected to a drive spindle 9, advantageously a ball screw.
  • the ball screw 9 is set in rotation by a controllable motor 11, whereby a controlled and positionally controlled displacement of the processing unit 8 in the direction of the axis X is possible.
  • the drive motor 11 cooperates with a position detection device, for example an encoder (not shown), which always allows the position of the processing unit 8 and thus the position of the workpiece 19 to be machined with respect to the end 4a of the pipe piece 4 to be machined ascertain.
  • a position detection device for example an encoder (not shown)
  • the rotatable platform 12 is mounted in the body of the processing unit 8 using roller bearings 27 and, using a toothed belt 14 and a drive motor 13, the drive takes place.
  • the motor 13 is also designed as a controllable DC motor, which makes it possible to vary the speed of the platform 12 in a controlled manner.
  • the platform 12 receives a slide 16 which can be moved in the direction of the arrow Z.
  • the slide 16 has a toothed rack 29 on the side opposite the tool 19, which meshes with a pinion 30.
  • the pinion is operatively connected to a rack 31, this rack is mounted inside the extended body 32 of the platform 12.
  • the rack 31 can be moved in the direction of the X axis.
  • the ball screw 33 is operatively connected to a threaded sleeve 40 and this threaded sleeve 40 is connected to a tubular component 41, which is displaceably mounted in the rotating component 32 in the longitudinal direction.
  • a stop arm 42 prevents the threaded sleeve 40 from rotating.
  • the rack 31 acts on the pinion 30, which moves the slide 16 in a controlled manner in the direction of the Z axis.
  • the motor 17 also has a device for indicating the position, e.g. an encoder is assigned, as a result of which the exact position of the slide 16 and thus of the tool 19 in the direction of the axis Z with respect to the pipe piece 4, 4a is determined.
  • the motors 11, 13 and 17 are designed as controllable motors and are operatively connected to an NC unit, which is identified in FIG. 1 by the reference number 18.
  • FIG. 4 Figures 4 and 5, two tools 19, 19 'can be seen, which can be mounted on the carriage 16.
  • the tool 19 is equipped with a machining wheel 44, this wheel is rotatably arranged using roller bearings 35 and a support shaft 36 in a tool holder 37, the tool holder 37 can be fastened to the slide 16.
  • the tool 19 with the rotatable machining wheel 44 is used in particular to carry out external deformations of the end piece 4a of the tube 4, as shown in FIG. 4.
  • the tool 19 ' is advantageously provided as a pointed pen, which is particularly suitable for carrying out Umboertelungsvorgaenge to the inside of the tube.
  • the tool 19 ' is fastened by a grub screw 38 in a cylindrical component 39, which is arranged with the help of roller bearings 45 inside a tool carrier 46, which has a similar shape to the tool carrier 37 according to FIG. 4.
  • the only difference is that the axis of rotation of the tool 19 'coincides with the axis of the tube, the end 4a of which is to be deformed.
  • the end 4a of the tube 4 is deformed with the aid of the tool 19 in such a way that the edges of the end piece 4a of the tube are bent over in such a way that they are aligned perpendicular to the longitudinal axis of the tube.
  • the tool 19 rotates around the end 4a of the tube and at the same time an assembled movement is carried out in such a way that the tool is moved from the position shown with chain lines to the position shown with solid lines; there is a controlled movement along the axes X and Z.
  • the movement sequence is controlled via the NC unit 18.
  • the controlled movement along the axis X is carried out via the drive motor 11 and the threaded spindle 9, which moves the processing unit 8.
  • the displacement movement along the Z axis is carried out by the drive motor 17, the threaded spindle 33, the toothed rack 31 and, and the slide 16.
  • the plastic deformation of the end piece 4a of the tube 4 can also be carried out by a plurality of deformation processes which follow one after the other, as is shown by a plurality of dash-and-dot lines, which are identified by R; i.e. the deformation can gradually be initiated in such a way that the tool 19 rotating around the tube 4 is gradually moved both in direction (Z) and in direction (X) until the tube (as for the lower half of the tube), was deformed (see Fig. 6).
  • FIGS. 8-22 show various possibilities for deformation processes to be carried out, which can be carried out with the device according to the invention.
  • the main advantages of the invention can be summarized as follows: Thanks to the invention, it is no longer necessary to provide an expensive tool change, depending on the diameter of the pipe to be machined.
  • the deformation process is carried out using one or at most two tools. Both the rotary movement of the tool and the axial and transverse displacement of the tool are controlled and monitored by an NC control unit.
  • This NC unit can store an unlimited number of processing sizes for different materials and different deformation processes, these processing sizes can be called up immediately for each processing process.

Description

Die vorstehende Erfindung betrifft ein Verfahren, sowie eine Maschine zur plastischen Verformung von rohrfoermigen Koerpern.The above invention relates to a method and a machine for the plastic deformation of tubular bodies.

Es ist aus dem Stand der Technik bekannt, besonders die Enden rohrfoermiger Koerper zu verformen, um die Enden der Rohrstuecke durch plastische Verformung an die zukuenftige Verwendung anzupassen. So werden z.B. die Enden dieser rohrfoermigen Koerper durch plastische Verformung aufgeweitet, um z.B. trichterartige Verformungen herzustellen oder, die Enden der Rohrstuecke werden derartig verformt, um abgebogene Raender herzustellen, die einen Endflansch bilden.It is known from the prior art, in particular, to deform the ends of tubular bodies in order to adapt the ends of the pipe pieces to future use by means of plastic deformation. For example, the ends of these tubular bodies are expanded by plastic deformation in order to e.g. to produce funnel-like deformations or the ends of the pipe pieces are deformed in such a way to produce bent edges which form an end flange.

Weitere Ausfuehrungsformen sehen vor, die Enden des Rohrstueckes umzuboerteln oder die Enden des Rohrstueckes werden in Richtung der Laengsachse des Rohres verformt, um das Endstueck des Rohres teilweise oder vollstaendig zu schliessen. Mit den bekannten Maschinen, die geeignet sind, die beschriebenen Arbeitsvorgaenge durchzufuehren, ist es auch moeglich, ringartige Vertiefungen in die Wand des Rohrstueckes einzuarbeiten, wobei sich diese ringartigen Verformungen vom inneren des Rohrstueckes nach aussen oder von der Aussenwand des Rohrstueckes zur Innenseite des Rohres erstrecken koennen.Other embodiments provide for the ends of the pipe piece to be crimped or the ends of the pipe piece to be deformed in the direction of the longitudinal axis of the pipe in order to partially or completely close the end piece of the pipe. With the known Machines which are suitable for carrying out the described operations, it is also possible to incorporate ring-like depressions into the wall of the pipe section, these ring-like deformations being able to extend outwards from the inside of the pipe section or from the outside wall of the pipe section to the inside of the pipe.

Zur Durchfuehrung der genannten Verformungsvorgaenge wird bereits auf dem Markt eine Rohraufweitemaschine oder Rohrverformungsmaschine der Typenreihe AST 38, AST, 102, AST 130 der Anmelderin angeboten. Die bekannten Maschinen bestehen aus einer Spannzange, mit der das Rohrstueck festgespannt wird. Die bekannten Maschinen weisen einen revolverartigen Kopf auf, der auf das Ende des zu verformenden Rohres hin gerichtet ist. Der Revolverkopf weist eine Anzahl von Werkzeugen fuer das Ausstanzen, das Kalibrieren und das allgemeine Verformen des Rohrendes auf.A pipe widening machine or pipe forming machine of the type series AST 38, AST, 102, AST 130 from the applicant is already available on the market for carrying out the aforementioned deformation processes. The known machines consist of a collet with which the pipe piece is clamped. The known machines have a turret-like head, which is directed towards the end of the tube to be deformed. The turret has a number of tools for punching out, calibrating and generally deforming the pipe end.

Nach dem Festspannen des zu verformenden Rohrstueckes sowie einer gesteuerten Positionierung des Revolvers (in der Art, dass das geeignete Werkzeug fuer den Verformungsvorgang genau koaxial gegenueber der Laengsachse des zu verformenden Rohres angeordnet ist), fuehrt der gesamte Revolverkopf einen Laengshub auf das Ende des gespannten Rohres aus. Dadurch wird durch einen oder mehrere Bearbeitungsvorgaenge die gewuenschte plastische Verformung durchgefuehrt, z.B. eine Verjuengung, Aufweitung, Bildung eines abstehenden Flansches, Boertelung, Aufweitung oder konische Verformung des Endstueckes des Rohres.After tightening the pipe piece to be deformed and a controlled positioning of the turret (in such a way that the suitable tool for the shaping process is arranged exactly coaxially with respect to the longitudinal axis of the pipe to be deformed), the entire turret head performs a longitudinal stroke on the end of the clamped pipe out. As a result, the desired plastic deformation is carried out by one or more processing operations, for example a tapering, widening, formation of a protruding flange, drilling, widening or conical deformation of the end piece of the tube.

Die bekannten Maschinen haben den wesentlichen Nachteil, dass fuer jeden Verformungsvorgang sowie fuer jeden Rohrdurchmesser unterschiedliche Werkzeuge vorzusehen sind, die auf einer Plattform des Revolverkopfes zu montieren sind, entsprechend den durchzufuehrenden Bearbeitungsvorgaengen.The known machines have the essential disadvantage that different tools have to be provided for each deformation process and for each tube diameter, which tools are to be mounted on a platform of the turret head, in accordance with the machining processes to be carried out.

Damit ist die bekannte Maschine, was die durchfuehrbaren Verformungsvorgaege anbelangt, sehr eingeschraenkt.The known machine is thus very limited in terms of the deformation processes that can be carried out.

Wird der Durchmesser des zu verformenden Rohrstueckes veraendert oder erfaehrt die plastische Verformung des zu bearbeitenden Werkstueckes eine Formaenderung, so ist ein mechanischer Eingriff notwendig, und die verschiedenen Praegewerkzeuge oder Verformungswerkzeuge, die auf der Plattform montiert sind, muessen ausgewechselt werden. Ein weiterer Nachteil der bekannten Maschinen besteht darin, dass diese nur fuer Verformungsvorgaenge einsetzbar sind, die in unmittelbarer Naehe des Endstueckes des Rohres durchgefuehrt werden. Es ist nicht moeglich, ringartige Verformungen in die Innenseite oder die Aussenwand des Rohres mit einem gewissen Abstand vom Rohrende durchzufuehren.If the diameter of the pipe piece to be deformed is changed or if the plastic deformation of the workpiece to be machined undergoes a change in shape, mechanical intervention is necessary and the various embossing tools or deformation tools which are mounted on the platform must be replaced. Another disadvantage of the known machines is that they can only be used for deformation processes which are carried out in the immediate vicinity of the end piece of the pipe. It is not possible to make ring-like deformations on the inside or the outside wall of the pipe at a certain distance from the pipe end.

Die bekannten Maschinen, die mit Verformungswerkzeugen ausgeruestet sind, die auf einer revolverartigen Plattform befestigt sind, die in Laengsrichtung verschiebbar gelagert ist, weisen ferner den Nachteil auf, dass haeufig komplizierte Verformungsvorgaenge, die eine mehrmalige, schrittweise Verformung erfordern (zur Durchfuehrung einer allmaehlichen Verformung) nicht durchfuehrbar sind. Ferner arbeiten die bekannten Maschinen unter erheblicher, stoerender Geraeuschentwicklung. Die stuendliche Leistung der verformten Werkstuecke ist beschraenkt, die bekannten Maschinen stellen einen nicht zu unterschaetzenden Kostenaufwand dar, dies aufgrund der Notwendigkeit, eine aufwendige Hydraulikeinheit vorzusehen.The known machines, which are equipped with deformation tools, which are fastened on a revolver-like platform, which is displaceably mounted in the longitudinal direction, also have the disadvantage that frequently complicated deformation processes which require repeated, step-wise deformation (to carry out a gradual deformation) are not feasible. Furthermore, the known machines operate under considerable disturbing noise development. The hourly performance of the deformed workpieces is limited, the known machines represent a cost that should not be underestimated, due to the need to provide a complex hydraulic unit.

Aus dem Stand der Technik (EP-A-0 010 057) ist ein Verfahren und eine Vorrichtung zum Herstellen eines Rohrbogens bekannt geworden, wobei mehrere Verformwerkzeuge in einem Werkzeugaufnahmekopf rotierend um das zu verformende Werkstueck angeordnet sind.A method and a device for producing a pipe bend have become known from the prior art (EP-A-0 010 057), wherein a plurality of shaping tools are arranged in a tool holding head rotating about the workpiece to be deformed.

Ueber eine in Laengsrichtung verschiebbare schiefe Ebene kann auf die Halterungen der Verformwerkzeuge eingewirkt werden, in der Art, dass diese Werkzeuge radial von aussen in Richtung der Drehachse des Kopfes zustellbar sind.The brackets of the shaping tools can be acted on via an inclined plane which can be displaced in the longitudinal direction in such a way that these tools can be advanced radially from the outside in the direction of the axis of rotation of the head.

Das zu verformende Werkstueck ist auf einem Kreuzschlitten gelagert, und es sind Mittel vorgesehen, die ein Verstellen des Werkstueckes in seiner Hoehenlage gegenueber dem Werkzeugaufnahmekopf zulassen. Der Kreuzschlitten zur Aufnahme des Werkstueckes ist verfahrbar gelagert. Unter Zuhilfenahme eines Rohrbogenkernes, der in einen zu verformenden Rohling eingesetzt wird, besteht die Moeglichkeit, einen dickwandigen Rohrrohling in einemn sehr duennwandigen Rohrbogen mit exakter Formgebung zu verformen.The workpiece to be deformed is mounted on a cross slide, and means are provided which allow the workpiece to be adjusted in its high position relative to the tool holder head. The cross slide for receiving the workpiece is movably supported. With the help of a pipe bend core, which is inserted into a blank to be deformed, it is possible to deform a thick-walled pipe blank in a very thin-walled pipe bend with an exact shape.

Der Entgegenhaltung JP-A-57 165130 ist eine Einrichtung zu entnehmen, mit der am Ende eines Rohrstueckes Verjuengungen erzeugt werden koennen. Mit dieser bekannten Vorrichtung wird ueber eine Aenderung der Drehgeschwindigkeit des Werkzeuges, und somit durch Aendern der auf das Werkstueck ausgeuebten Fliehkraft, ein Verformen des Werkstueckes, z. B. eines Rohrstueckes, von der Aussenwand zur Werkstueckachse hin ermoeglicht, eine Verformung des Rohrstueckes in umgekehrter Richtung von innen nach aussen in Richtung der Rohrwandung kann mit dieser Vorrichtung nicht durchgefuehrt werden.Document JP-A-57 165130 shows a device with which constrictions can be produced at the end of a pipe section. With this known device, a change in the rotational speed of the tool, and thus by changing the on the workpiece exerted centrifugal force, a deformation of the workpiece, e.g. B. a pipe piece, made possible from the outer wall to the workpiece axis, a deformation of the pipe piece in the reverse direction from the inside to the outside in the direction of the pipe wall cannot be carried out with this device.

Bei dieser bekannten Vorrichtung wird das Werkstueck in Laengsrichtung waehrend des Verformungsvorganges verfahren.In this known device, the workpiece is moved in the longitudinal direction during the deformation process.

Aufgabe der vorstehenden Erfindung ist es, ein neues Verfahren, sowie eine neue Maschine vorzuschlagen, mit der es moeglich ist, die geschilderten Nachteile des Standes der Technik zu vermeiden und die Moeglichkeit zu schaffen, moeglichst unter Verwendung eines einzigen Werkstueckes eine sehr grosse Anzahl von varierenden Verformungsvorgaengen auch mit komplexer geometrischer Gestaltung durchzufuehren. Ferner soll die Moeglichkeit geschaffen werden, technische Bearbeitungsgroessen schnell und einfach an die verschiedenen Verformungsvorgaenge und die Merkmale des zu verformenden Rohrstueckes sowie an die Materialeigenschaften der Rohre anzupassen, um eine grosse Flexibilitaet hinsichtlich der durchfuehrbaren Verformungsvorgaenge zu schaffen. Es sollen auch komplexe Verformungsvorgaenge sowie Verformungsvorgaenge fuer zusammengesetzte Formen durchfuehrbar sein und ferner soll die Bearbeitung unterschiedlicher Materialien z.B. Stahl, rostfreiem Stahl (Inox), Kupfer, Aluminiumlegierungen, Messing moeglich werden.The object of the above invention is to propose a new method and a new machine with which it is possible to avoid the disadvantages of the prior art and to create the possibility of using a very large number of different parts, if possible using a single workpiece Deformation processes also to be carried out with a complex geometric design. Furthermore, the possibility is to be created to adapt technical processing sizes quickly and easily to the various deformation processes and the characteristics of the pipe piece to be deformed, as well as to the material properties of the pipes, in order to create great flexibility with regard to the deformation processes which can be carried out. It should also be possible to carry out complex deformation processes and deformation processes for composite shapes, and furthermore the processing of different materials, e.g. Steel, stainless steel (Inox), copper, aluminum alloys, brass are possible.

Erfindungsgemaess wird die genannte Aufgabe mit einem eingangs genannten Verfahren, das folgende Bearbeitungsvorgaenge vorsieht, geloest:

  • a) das Rohrstueck waehrend des Bearbeitungsvorganges ortsfest gespannt ist,
  • b) das Verformwerkzeug mit veraenderbarer Drehgeschwindigkeit gesteuert antreibbar ist,
  • c) das Verformwerkzeug sowohl in Radialrichtung des Werkstueckes von der Laengsachse des Werkstueckes zur Rohraussenwand als auch von der Rohraussenwand zur Achse des Werkstueckes gesteuert verschiebbar ist und
  • d) das sich drehende Werkzeug parallel zur Werkstueckachse gesteuert verfahrbar ist.
According to the invention, the stated object is achieved with a method mentioned at the outset, which provides for the following processing operations:
  • a) the pipe piece is clamped in place during the machining process,
  • b) the shaping tool can be driven in a controlled manner with a variable rotational speed,
  • c) the forming tool can be displaced in a controlled manner both in the radial direction of the workpiece from the longitudinal axis of the workpiece to the outer tube wall and from the outer tube wall to the axis of the workpiece and
  • d) the rotating tool can be moved in a controlled manner parallel to the workpiece axis.

Zur Durchfuehrung dieses Verfahrens ist in vorteilhafter Weise eine Maschine mit Mitteln zum lagerichtigen Anordnen und Spannen des Rohrstueckes in einer vorbestimmten Lage vorgesehen und auf der Seite der Maschine, die dem Ende des zu bearbeitenden Rohrstueckes zugerichtet ist, wird:
die Werkstueckaufnahmevorrichtung ortsfest angeordnet und das sich drehende Bearbeitungswerkzeug von einem auf einer mit steuerbarer Geschwindigkeit antreibbaren Plattform angeordneten, relativ zu der Plattform und radial zur Werkstueckachse verfahrbaren Schlitten aufgenommen, wobei der Schlitten mit gesteuerter Bewegung in Richtung der Rohrachse oder in Richtung des Rohrmantels verschiebbar ist und die sich drehende Plattform mit dem Bearbeitungswerkzeug von einem Support aufgenommen wird, der mit gesteuerter Bewegung in Richtung der Werkstuecksachse verfahrbar ist.In order to carry out this method, a machine is advantageously provided with means for arranging and tensioning the pipe piece in a predetermined position and on the side of the machine which is directed towards the end of the pipe piece to be machined:
the workpiece receiving device is arranged in a stationary manner and the rotating machining tool is received by a slide which is arranged on a platform which can be driven at a controllable speed and is movable relative to the platform and radially to the workpiece axis, the slide being displaceable with controlled movement in the direction of the tube axis or in the direction of the tube shell and the rotating platform with the processing tool is picked up by a support that can be moved with controlled movement in the direction of the workpiece axis.

Weitere Vorteile der Erfindung koennen der nun folgenden Beschreibung, den Unteranspruechen, sowie den beigefuegten Zeichnungen entnommen werden.Further advantages of the invention can be found in the following description, the subclaims and the accompanying drawings.

Die Erfindung wird nun anhand eines Ausfuehrungsbeispieles genauer beschrieben und in den beigefuegten Zeichnungen dargestellt.The invention will now be described in more detail using an exemplary embodiment and shown in the accompanying drawings.

Es zeigen:

  • Fig. 1 schematisch eine Seitenansicht der erfindungsgemaessen Maschine;
  • Fig. 2 die Maschine in Vorderansicht, unter Darstellung der Einlaufseite fuer das Rohrstueck;
  • Fig. 3 schematisch eine Ausfuehrungsform einer Antriebsvorrichtung und einer Positioniervorrichtung fuer die rotierende Plattform;
  • Fig. 4 und 5 zwei Beispiele fuer Werkzeuge, die in der erfindungsgemaessen Maschine Einsatz finden;
  • Fig. 6 schematisch die Verwendung der Wekzeuge nach Fig. 4 waehrend eines Veformungsvorganges;
  • Fig. 7 schematisch das Werkzeug nach Fig. 5 bei der Durchfuehrung eines Bearbeitungsvorganges zur Herstellung einer nach innen gerichteten Boertelung; und
  • Fig. 8 - 22 einige Verformungsbeispiele, die mit dem erfindungsgemaessen Verfahren sowie der erfindungsgemaessen Maschine durchfuehrbar sind.
Show it:
  • 1 schematically shows a side view of the machine according to the invention;
  • Figure 2 shows the machine in front view, showing the inlet side for the pipe piece.
  • 3 schematically shows an embodiment of a drive device and a positioning device for the rotating platform;
  • 4 and 5 show two examples of tools which are used in the machine according to the invention;
  • 6 schematically shows the use of the tools according to FIG. 4 during a deformation process;
  • FIG. 7 schematically shows the tool according to FIG. 5 during the execution of a machining process for producing an inward facing crimp; and
  • 8-22 show some examples of deformations which can be carried out using the method according to the invention and the machine according to the invention.

Wie der Fig. 1 zu entnehmen ist, besteht die gesamthaft mit 1 gekennzeichnete Maschine aus einem Maschinenbett 2, das auf einer Seite einen Spannstock 3 aufweist, in dem das Rohr 4, dessen Ende 4a einer plastischen Verformung zu unterziehen ist, eingespannt wird.As can be seen from FIG. 1, the machine identified overall by 1 consists of a machine bed 2 which has a vice 3 on one side in which the tube 4, the end 4a of which is to be subjected to plastic deformation, is clamped.

Um die Moeglichkeit zu schaffen, das Enstueck 4a des Rohres 4 genau in der gewuenschten Lage anzuordnen, ist dem Spannstock 3 ein Anschlag 5 zugeordnet, der nach Art einer Klappe 5 ausgefuehrt ist, die nach oben und nach unten schwenkbar ausgefuehrt ist. Dieses Bauteil wird im folgenden noch genauer beschrieben werden.In order to make it possible to arrange the end piece 4a of the tube 4 exactly in the desired position, the vice 3 is assigned a stop 5 which is designed in the manner of a flap 5 which is designed to be pivotable upwards and downwards. This component will be described in more detail below.

Dem Ende 4a des Rohres 4 ist weiter eine Heizvorrichtung 6 zum Anwaermen des Rohrstueckes zugeordnet. Auch diese Vorrichtung wird im folgenden noch genauer beschrieben werden.The end 4a of the tube 4 is also assigned a heating device 6 for heating the tube piece. This device will also be described in more detail below.

Das Maschinengestell 2 der Maschine 1 weist waagerechte Fuehrungen 7 auf, die verschiebbar (laengs der Achse X) eine Bearbeitungseinheit oder einen Bearbeitungssupport aufnehmen, der gesamthaft mit 8 gekennzeichnet ist. Die Beareitungseinheit 8 ist mit einen Gewindespindel 9 wirkverbunden, in vorteilhafter Weise einer Kugelumlaufspindel 9, um hoechstmoegliche Praesizion fuer die Verschiebung der Bearbeitungseinheit 8 in Richtung der Achse X zu gewaehrleisten. Die Kugelumlaufspindel ist in vorteilhafter Weise unter Zwischenschaltung eines Reduktionsgetriebes 10 mit einem Antriebsmotor 11 wirkverbunden. Der Motor 11 ist in vorteilhafter Weise als steuerbarer Motor, z.B. als Gleichstrommotor ausgebildet. Die Bearbeitungseinheit 8 nimmt eine Plattform 1 auf, die um eine mit B gekennzeichnete Achse drehen kann. Der Drehantrieb der Plattform 12 wird ueber einen Antriebsmotor 13 bewerkstelligt, der z.B. ueber einen Zahnriehmen 14, der im Inneren der Einheit 8 angeordnet ist, auf die Spindel 15 einwirkt, die mit der Plattform 12 verbunden ist.The machine frame 2 of the machine 1 has horizontal guides 7 which slidably (along the axis X) accommodate a processing unit or a processing support, which is identified overall by 8. The processing unit 8 is operatively connected to a threaded spindle 9, advantageously a ball screw 9, in order to ensure maximum precision for the displacement of the processing unit 8 in the direction of the X axis. The ball screw is advantageously operatively connected to a drive motor 11 with the interposition of a reduction gear 10. The motor 11 is advantageously designed as a controllable motor, for example as a DC motor. The processing unit 8 receives a platform 1 which can rotate about an axis marked B. The rotary drive of the platform 12 is accomplished by means of a drive motor 13 which, for example, acts on the spindle 15, which is connected to the platform, by way of a toothed belt 14 which is arranged inside the unit 8 12 is connected.

Auch der Motor 13, sofern es notwendig sein sollte, ist als steuerbarer Gleichstormmotor ausgebildet. Die sich drehende Plattform 12 nimmt einen Schlitten 16 auf, der in Richtung der Achse Z verfahrbar angeordnet ist, d.h. radial zur Plattform 12. Die Radialverschiebung des Schlittens 16 wird unter Zuhilfenahme eines Antriebsmotores 17 bewerkstelligt. Auch dieser Motor ist in vorteilhhafter Weise als steuerbarer Gleichstrommotor ausgebildet.The motor 13, if it should be necessary, is designed as a controllable DC motor. The rotating platform 12 receives a carriage 16 which is arranged to be movable in the direction of the Z axis, i.e. radial to the platform 12. The radial displacement of the carriage 16 is accomplished with the aid of a drive motor 17. This motor is also advantageously designed as a controllable DC motor.

Die Motoren 11, 13, 17 sind mit einer NC-Steuereinrichtung wirkverbunden, diese ist gesamthaft mit 18 gekennzeichnet. Ferner ist jedem Motor ein an sich bekannter Encoder oder ein aehnliches Anzeigegeraet zugeordnet. Diese Geraete sind dem Fachmann bekannt. Aus diesem Grunde sind sie nicht genauer dargestellt und beschrieben.The motors 11, 13, 17 are operatively connected to an NC control device, which is identified overall by 18. Furthermore, an encoder known per se or a similar display device is assigned to each motor. These devices are known to the person skilled in the art. For this reason, they are not shown and described in more detail.

Der Schlitten 16 der Plattform 12 nimmt mindestens ein Werkzeug 19 fuer die plastische Verformung des Endstueckes 4a des Rohrstueckes 4 auf. Diese Plattform kann aber auch mit einem weiteren Werkzeug 19′ ausgeruestet sein, wie dies mit Strichpunktlinien dargestellt ist. Der Aufbau der Verformungswerkzeuge 19, 19′ wird noch genauer im Anschluss beschrieben werden.The slide 16 of the platform 12 receives at least one tool 19 for the plastic deformation of the end piece 4a of the pipe piece 4. However, this platform can also be equipped with a further tool 19 ', as is shown with broken lines. The structure of the deformation tools 19, 19 'will be described in more detail below.

Der Fig. 2 kann die Maschine 1 in Vorderansicht in Blcikrichtung des Pfeiles 11 gemaess Fig. 1 entnommen werden, d.h. in Einlaufrichtung des Rohrstueckes 4 in den Spannstock 3.2, the machine 1 can be seen in a front view in the direction of the arrow 11 according to FIG. 1, i.e. in the direction of entry of the pipe section 4 into the vice 3.

Das Maschinengestell ist mit einem Spannstock ausgeruestet, der gesamthaft mit 3 gekennzeichnet ist. Der Spannstock 3 weist Spannbacken 20 zum Festspannen des Rohres 4 auf; und die Spannbacken 20 sind in Horizontalrichtung unter Zuhilfenahme einer hydraulischen Kolben-Zylindereinheit betaetigbar.The machine frame is equipped with a vice, which is marked with 3 in total. The vice 3 has Clamping jaws 20 for tightening the tube 4; and the clamping jaws 20 can be actuated in the horizontal direction with the aid of a hydraulic piston-cylinder unit.

Der Spannstock 3 weist eine schlittenartige Vorrichtung 22 auf, die mit Backen 20 versehen ist, die mit einer groesseren und einer kleineren Durchgangsbohrung versehen sind. Somit wird es moeglich, sich an unterschiedliche Durchmesser der zu bearbeitenden Rohre anzupassen. Zu diesem Zweck sind die Backen 20 mit Hubgestaengen 23 wirkverbunden, die von weiteren Kolben-Zylindereinheiten 24 antreibbar sind, um somit den Backen 20 zu ermoeglichen, nach oben oder nach unten (Pfeil g) verfahren zu werden. In Deckung mit der Achse B des Rohrstueckes werden Spannbacken mit grossem Bohrungsdurchmesser oder die Spannbacken mit kleinem Bohrungsdurchmesser (je nach Durchmesser des zu bearbeiteden Rohrstueckes 4) in Spannstellung gebracht.The vice 3 has a slide-like device 22 which is provided with jaws 20 which are provided with a larger and a smaller through hole. This makes it possible to adapt to different diameters of the pipes to be processed. For this purpose, the jaws 20 are operatively connected to lifting rods 23, which can be driven by further piston-cylinder units 24, in order to enable the jaws 20 to be moved upwards or downwards (arrow g). The jaws with a large bore diameter or the jaws with a small bore diameter (depending on the diameter of the tube piece 4 to be machined) are brought into the clamping position in alignment with the axis B of the tube piece.

Zwischen der Spannvorrichtung 3 und der Bearbeitungseinheit 8 weist die Bearbeitungseinheit 8 einen, nach Art einer Klappe ausgebildeten Arm 5 auf, der eine Schwenkbewegung von oben nach unten (Pfeil f) durchfuehren kann. Wenn der Arm 5 in angehobener Lage angeordnet ist, wie in Fig. 2 dargestellt, befindet er sich in Ruhestellung, ist der Arm 5 nach unten verschwenkt (Pfeil f), befindet er sich in Deckung mit der Achse B. Damit bildet des Koeper des Armes 5 einen Anschlag 5′, der es ermoeglicht, das Ende 4a des Rohrstueckes 4 beim Einfahrvorgang in die Maschine genau zu positionieren, d.h. das Endstueck 4a des Rohres 4 wird stets in genauer Lage gegenueber den Werkzeugen 19, 19′ (nicht dargestellt in Fig. 2) angeordnet.Between the clamping device 3 and the processing unit 8, the processing unit 8 has an arm 5, designed in the manner of a flap, which can carry out a pivoting movement from top to bottom (arrow f). If the arm 5 is arranged in a raised position, as shown in Fig. 2, it is in the rest position, the arm 5 is pivoted downwards (arrow f), it is in alignment with the axis B. This forms the body of the Armes 5 a stop 5 ', which makes it possible to position the end 4a of the pipe piece 4 exactly when entering the machine, ie the end piece 4a of the pipe 4 is always in exact location relative to the tools 19, 19 '(not shown in Fig. 2) arranged.

Das Unterteil des Armes 5 weist eine Heizvorrichtung 6 auf, die aus oeffenbaren und verschliessbaren Backen besteht, die gesteuert, z.B. unter Zuhilfenahme von Hebelgestaengen 25, sowie einer Kolben-Zylindereinheit 26 antreibbar sind.The lower part of the arm 5 has a heating device 6 which consists of openable and closable jaws which are controlled, e.g. with the help of lever rods 25 and a piston-cylinder unit 26 can be driven.

Die Aufheizvorrichtung 6 kann elektrisch-induktiv arbeiten, oder in bekannter Weise unter Einsatz von Gasbrennern, die fuer bestimmte Verformungsvorgaenge ein Aufheizen des Endstueckes 4a des Rohres 4, das im Spannstock 3 angeordnet ist, ermoeglichen.The heating device 6 can work electrically-inductively, or in a known manner using gas burners which, for certain deformation processes, allow the end piece 4a of the tube 4, which is arranged in the vice 3, to be heated.

In Fig. 3 ist schematisch die Betaetigungsvorrichtung der Bearbeitungseinheit 8 dargestellt.In Fig. 3, the actuating device of the processing unit 8 is shown schematically.

Wie bereits vorher beschrieben, ist die Bearbeitungseinheit 8 verschiebbar auf Fuehrungen 7 montiert. Ferner ist die Bearbeitungseinheit 8 mit einer Antriebsspindel 9, in vorteilhafter Weise einer Kugelumlaufspindel, wirkverbunden. Ueber einen steuerbaren Motor 11 wird die Kugelumlaufpindel 9 in Drehung versetzt, wodurch eine gesteuerte und in der Lage kontrollierte Verschiebung der Bearbeitungseinheit 8 in Richtung der Achse X moeglich ist.As previously described, the processing unit 8 is slidably mounted on guides 7. Furthermore, the processing unit 8 is operatively connected to a drive spindle 9, advantageously a ball screw. The ball screw 9 is set in rotation by a controllable motor 11, whereby a controlled and positionally controlled displacement of the processing unit 8 in the direction of the axis X is possible.

In an sich bekannter Weise arbeitet der Antriebsmotor 11 mit einem Lageerfassungsgeraet zusammen, z.B. einem nicht dargestellten Encoder, der es erlaubt, stets mit groesster Genauigkeit die Lage der Bearbeitungseinheit 8 und somit die Lage des Werkstueckes 19 gegenueber dem Ende 4a des zu bearbeitenden Rohrstueckes 4 festzustellen.In a manner known per se, the drive motor 11 cooperates with a position detection device, for example an encoder (not shown), which always allows the position of the processing unit 8 and thus the position of the workpiece 19 to be machined with respect to the end 4a of the pipe piece 4 to be machined ascertain.

Die drehbare Plattform 12 ist im Koerper der Bearbeitungseinheit 8 unter Verwendung von Waelzlagern 27 gelagert und, unter Verwendung eines Zahnriemens 14, sowie eines Antriebsmotores 13 erfolgt der Antrieb.The rotatable platform 12 is mounted in the body of the processing unit 8 using roller bearings 27 and, using a toothed belt 14 and a drive motor 13, the drive takes place.

Sofern es notwendig erscheint, ist auch der Motor 13 als steuerbarer Gleichstrommotor ausgebildet, wodurch es ermoeglicht wird, in gesteuerter Weise die Drehzahl der Plattform 12 zu variieren.If it appears necessary, the motor 13 is also designed as a controllable DC motor, which makes it possible to vary the speed of the platform 12 in a controlled manner.

Die Plattform 12 nimmt in einer bekannten Schwalbenschwanzfuehrung 28 einen Schliten 16 auf, der in Richtung des Pfeiles Z verschiebbar ist. Der Schlitten 16 weist auf der dem Werkzeug 19 gegenueberliegenden Seite eine Zahnstange 29 auf, die mit einem Ritzel 30 kaemmt. Das Ritzel ist mit einer Zahnstange 31 wirkverbunden, diese Zahnstange ist im Inneren des verlaengerten Koerpers 32 der Plattform 12 gelagert. Die Zahnstange 31 kann in Richtung der Achse X verschoben werden.In a known dovetail guide 28, the platform 12 receives a slide 16 which can be moved in the direction of the arrow Z. The slide 16 has a toothed rack 29 on the side opposite the tool 19, which meshes with a pinion 30. The pinion is operatively connected to a rack 31, this rack is mounted inside the extended body 32 of the platform 12. The rack 31 can be moved in the direction of the X axis.

Die Kugelumlaufspindel 33 steht mit einer Gewindehuelse 40 in Wirkverbindung und diese Gewindehuelse 40 ist mit einem rohrartigen Bauteil 41 verbunden, welches in Laengsrichtung verschiebbar in dem sich drehenden Bauteil 32 gelagert ist.The ball screw 33 is operatively connected to a threaded sleeve 40 and this threaded sleeve 40 is connected to a tubular component 41, which is displaceably mounted in the rotating component 32 in the longitudinal direction.

Ein Anschlagarm 42 verhindert eine Drehbewegung der Gewindehuelse 40.A stop arm 42 prevents the threaded sleeve 40 from rotating.

Mit der Drehbewegung der Gewindespindel 3, unter Verwendung des Zahnriemens 34 und des steuerbaren Motors 17 wird es moeglich, den rohrfoermigen Koerper 41 in Axialrichtung (X-Achse) zu verschieben und auch die Zahnstange 31, die im rohrfoermigen Bauteil 41 unter Zuhilfenahme von Waelzlagern 43 gelagert ist.With the rotary movement of the threaded spindle 3, using the toothed belt 34 and the controllable motor 17, it becomes possible to move the tubular body 41 in the axial direction (X-axis) and also the rack 31, which is mounted in the tubular component 41 with the aid of roller bearings 43.

Die Zahnstange 31 wirkt auf das Ritzel 30 ein, welches in gesteuerter Weise den Schlitten 16 in Richtung der Achse Z verfaehrt. Auch dem Motor 17 ist eine Vorrichtung zur Lageanzeige, z.B. ein Encoder zugeordnet, wodurch die genaue Lage des Schlittens 16 und somit des Werkzeuges 19 in Richtung der Achse Z gegenueber dem Rohrstueck 4, 4a festgestellt wird.The rack 31 acts on the pinion 30, which moves the slide 16 in a controlled manner in the direction of the Z axis. The motor 17 also has a device for indicating the position, e.g. an encoder is assigned, as a result of which the exact position of the slide 16 and thus of the tool 19 in the direction of the axis Z with respect to the pipe piece 4, 4a is determined.

Wie bereits vorher beschrieben, sind die Motoren 11, 13 und 17 als steuerbare Motoren ausgebildet und mit einer NC-Einheit wirkverbunden, diese ist in Fig. 1 mit dem Bezugszeichen 18 gekennzeichnet.As already described above, the motors 11, 13 and 17 are designed as controllable motors and are operatively connected to an NC unit, which is identified in FIG. 1 by the reference number 18.

Den Figuren 4 und 5 koennen zwei Werkzeuge 19, 19′ entnommen werden, die auf dem Schlitten 16 montierbar sind. Das Werkzeug 19 ist mit einem Bearbeitungsraedchen 44 ausgeruestet, dieses Raedchen ist drehbar unter Verwendung von Waelzlagern 35 und einer Traegerwelle 36 in einem Werkzeughalter 37 angeordnet, der Werkzeughalter 37 ist am Schlitten 16 befestigbar. Das Werkzeug 19 mit dem drehbaren Bearbeitungsraedchen 44 dient insbesondere zur Durchfuehrung von aussenliegenden Verformungen des Endstueckes 4a des Rohres 4, wie es in Fig. 4 dargestellt ist.Figures 4 and 5, two tools 19, 19 'can be seen, which can be mounted on the carriage 16. The tool 19 is equipped with a machining wheel 44, this wheel is rotatably arranged using roller bearings 35 and a support shaft 36 in a tool holder 37, the tool holder 37 can be fastened to the slide 16. The tool 19 with the rotatable machining wheel 44 is used in particular to carry out external deformations of the end piece 4a of the tube 4, as shown in FIG. 4.

Es hat sich ferner als vorteilhaft erwiesen, wenn die Lagerwelle 36 des Werkstueckes 19 mit dem Bearbeitungsraedchen 44 geneigt, z.B. um einen Winkel von 45°, gegenueber der Laengsachse des Rohrstueckes 4 angeordnet ist. Somit wird eine ungehinderte Bearbeitung sowohl entlang der Aussenwand des Rohstueckes 4 als auch entlang dem Rohrende 4a des Rohrstueckes 4 moeglich.It has also proven to be advantageous if the bearing shaft 36 of the workpiece 19 with the machining wheel 44 is inclined, for example by an angle of 45 °, with respect to the longitudinal axis of the tube piece 4. Thus, an unhindered Processing possible both along the outer wall of the blank 4 and along the tube end 4a of the tube 4.

Das Werkzeug 19′ ist in vorteilhafter Weise als angespitzter Stift vorgesehen, der besonders dazu geeignet ist, Umboertelungsvorgaenge zum Rohrinneren hin vorzunehmen. Das Werkzeug 19′ ist durch einen Gewindestift 38 in einem zylindrischen Bauteil 39 befestigt, das unter Zuhilfenahme von Waelzlagern 45 im Inneren eines Werkzeugtraegers 46, der aehnliche Form wie der Werkzeugtraeger 37 gemaess Fig. 4 aufweist, angeordnet ist. Der einzige Unterschied besteht darin, dass die Drehachse des Werkzeuges 19′ mit der Achse des Rohres, dessen Ende 4a zu verformen ist, uebereinstimmt.The tool 19 'is advantageously provided as a pointed pen, which is particularly suitable for carrying out Umboertelungsvorgaenge to the inside of the tube. The tool 19 'is fastened by a grub screw 38 in a cylindrical component 39, which is arranged with the help of roller bearings 45 inside a tool carrier 46, which has a similar shape to the tool carrier 37 according to FIG. 4. The only difference is that the axis of rotation of the tool 19 'coincides with the axis of the tube, the end 4a of which is to be deformed.

Die Arbeitsweise der erfindungsgemaessen Vorrichtung wird nun genauer unter Zuhilfenahme der Figuren 6 und 7 beschrieben.The operation of the device according to the invention will now be described in more detail with the aid of FIGS. 6 and 7.

In den Figuren 6 und 7 sind Rohrstuecke 4 dargestellt, deren Enden 4a durch die Werkzeuge 19, bzw. 19′ zu verformen sind. Das obere Teilstueck des Rohrstueckes 4 zeigt die Grundform des Werkstueckes, waehrend die untere Haelfte des Rohres das Ende 4a des Rohrstueckes 4 nach Durchfuehrung des Verformungsvorganges darstellt.In the figures 6 and 7 pipe pieces 4 are shown, the ends 4a are to be deformed by the tools 19 and 19 '. The upper part of the pipe section 4 shows the basic shape of the workpiece, while the lower half of the pipe represents the end 4a of the pipe section 4 after the deformation process has been carried out.

In Fig. 6 ist das Ende 4a des Rohres 4 unter Zuhilfenahme des Werkzeuges 19 derartig zu verformen, dass die Raender des Endstueckes 4a des Rohres derartig umgebogen werden, dass sie senkrecht zur Laengsachse des Rohres ausgerichtet sind. Waehrend des Verformungsvorganges rotiert das Werkzeug 19 um das Ende 4a des Rohrs und gleichzeitig wird eine zusammengesetzte Bewegung durchgefuehrt derartig, dass das Werkzeug von der mit Strichpunktlinien dargestellten Lage in die mit durchgehenden Linien dargestellte Lage bewegt wird; es erfolgt eine kontrollierte Bewegung laengs der Achsen X und Z. Die Steuerung des Bewegungsablaufes erfolgt ueber die NC-Einheit 18.6, the end 4a of the tube 4 is deformed with the aid of the tool 19 in such a way that the edges of the end piece 4a of the tube are bent over in such a way that they are aligned perpendicular to the longitudinal axis of the tube. During the forming process, the tool 19 rotates around the end 4a of the tube and at the same time an assembled movement is carried out in such a way that the tool is moved from the position shown with chain lines to the position shown with solid lines; there is a controlled movement along the axes X and Z. The movement sequence is controlled via the NC unit 18.

Die gesteuerte Bewegung entlang der Achse X wird ueber den Antriebsmotor 11 und die Gewindespindel 9 vorgenommen, die die Bearbeitungseinheit 8 verschiebt. Die Verschiebebewegung laengs der Achse Z wird durch den Antriebsmotor 17, die Gewindespindel 33, die Zahnstange 31 und, sowie den Schlitten 16 durchgefuehrt.The controlled movement along the axis X is carried out via the drive motor 11 and the threaded spindle 9, which moves the processing unit 8. The displacement movement along the Z axis is carried out by the drive motor 17, the threaded spindle 33, the toothed rack 31 and, and the slide 16.

Wie der Fig. 6 zu entnehmen ist, kann die plastische Verformung des Endstueckes 4a des Rohres 4 auch durch mehrere hintereinander folgende Verformungsvorgaenge durchgefuehrt werden, wie dies durch mehrere Strichpunktlinien, die mit R gekennzeichnet sind, dargestellt ist; d.h. die Verformung kann allmaehlich in die Wege geleitet werden, derart, dass sich das um das Rohr 4 drehende Werkzeug 19 allmaehlich sowohl in Richtung (Z) als in Richtung (X) vorwaertsbewegt wird, solange bis am Ende der Vorschubbewegung das Rohr (wie fuer die untere Haelfte des Rohres dargestellt), verformt wurde (siehe Fig. 6).As can be seen from FIG. 6, the plastic deformation of the end piece 4a of the tube 4 can also be carried out by a plurality of deformation processes which follow one after the other, as is shown by a plurality of dash-and-dot lines, which are identified by R; i.e. the deformation can gradually be initiated in such a way that the tool 19 rotating around the tube 4 is gradually moved both in direction (Z) and in direction (X) until the tube (as for the lower half of the tube), was deformed (see Fig. 6).

Sofern das Enstueck 4a des Rohres 4 gemaess Fig. 6 einer weiteren Verformung unterzogen werden soll, indem der Randbereich vollstaendig zum Inneren des Rohres 4 abgebogen wird, erfolgt ein weiterer Verformungsvorgang, wie in Fig. 7 dargestellt. Hierzu wird das Werkzeug 19′ verwendet, welches die Bearbeitung der Rohrwandung 4, 4a im Inneren des Rohres 4 ermoeglicht. Wie bereits dargestellt und beschrieben, kann das Werkzeug 19′ gemeinsam mit dem Werkzeug 19 auf dem gleichen Werkzeugschlitten 16 angeordnet sein. Zu diesem Zweck wird der Schlitten zur Durchfuehrung des in Fig. 7 dargestellten Verformungsvorganges unterschiedlich in Radialrichtung positioniert.If the end 4a of the tube 4 according to FIG. 6 is to be subjected to a further deformation by completely bending the edge region towards the inside of the tube 4, a further deformation process takes place, as shown in FIG. 7. This will the tool 19 'used, which allows the processing of the tube wall 4, 4a inside the tube 4. As already shown and described, the tool 19 'can be arranged together with the tool 19 on the same tool slide 16. For this purpose, the carriage is positioned differently in the radial direction in order to carry out the deformation process shown in FIG. 7.

In den Figuren 8 - 22 sind verschiedene Moeglichkeiten fuer durchzufuehrende Verformungsvorgaenge, die mit der erfindungsgemaessen Vorrichtung durchfuehrbar sind, dargestellt.FIGS. 8-22 show various possibilities for deformation processes to be carried out, which can be carried out with the device according to the invention.

Die wesentlichsten Vorteile der Erfindung koennen wie folgt zusammengefasst werden:
   Dank der Erfindung ist es nicht mehr notwendig, einen aufwendigen Werkzeugwechsel, in Abhaengigkeit vom Durchmesser des zu bearbeitenden Rohres, vorzusehen. Der Verformungsvorgang erfolgt unter Verwendung von einem oder hoechstens zwei Werkzeugen. Sowohl die Drebewegung des Werkzeuges als auch die Axial- und Querverschiebung des Werkzeuges wird von einer NC-Steuereinheit gesteuert und ueberwacht. Diese NC-Einheit kann eine unbegrenzte Anzahl von Bearbeitungsgroessen fuer verschiedene Materialien und unterschiedliche Verformungsvorgaenge speichern, diese Bearbeitungsgroessen koennen fuer jeden Bearbeitungsvorgang sofort abgerufen werden.The main advantages of the invention can be summarized as follows:
Thanks to the invention, it is no longer necessary to provide an expensive tool change, depending on the diameter of the pipe to be machined. The deformation process is carried out using one or at most two tools. Both the rotary movement of the tool and the axial and transverse displacement of the tool are controlled and monitored by an NC control unit. This NC unit can store an unlimited number of processing sizes for different materials and different deformation processes, these processing sizes can be called up immediately for each processing process.

Claims (11)

  1. Method of plastically forming a tubular article (4), in which a forming tool (19, 19') is driven rotatingly about the axis (B) of the workpiece to be worked, characterised in that
    a) the tube piece (4) is clamped fixedly in place (3) during the working operation,
    b) the forming tool (19, 19') is able to be driven at variable rotational speed (13) under control (18),
    c) the forming tool (19, 19') is able to be displaced (Z) both in the radial direction (Z) of the workpiece (4) from the longitudinal axis of the workpiece (4) to the tube outer wall and from the tube outer wall to the axis (B) of the workpiece (4) under control (17, 18) and
    d) the rotating tool (19, 19') is able to travel parallel to the workpiece axis (B) under control (11, 18).
  2. Machine (1) for the plastic forming of a tubular article (4, 4a), having a receiving device (3) for securing fixedly in place a workpiece (4) to be worked and a rotating device (12) for receiving a working tool (19) which is able to be displaced in the radial direction (Z), characterised in that the workpiece-receiving device (3) is arranged fixedly in place and the rotating working tool (19, 19') is received by a carriage (16) which is arranged on a platform (12), which can be driven at controllable speed (13), and is able to travel in relation to the platform (12) and radially with respect to the workpiece axis (B), and the carriage (16) is able to be displaced with controlled movement (Z) in the direction of the tube axis or in the direction of the tube wall, and the rotating platform (12) is received with the working tool (19) by a slide rest (8), which is able to travel with controlled movement in the direction of the workpiece axis (X).
  3. Machine according to Claim 2, characterised in that between the rotating platform (12) and the vice (3) for clamping the tube (4) there is provided a stopping means (5), which is of a slide-like form and is provided in such a way that it can move up and down (f).
  4. Machine according to Claims 2 and 3, characterised in that the slide-like stopping means (5) has a heating device (6) for heating up the tube (4), and in that the heating device (6) has openable and closable jaws which are provided with heating appliances, for example gas burners or induction heating means.
  5. Machine according to Claim 2, characterised in that the working unit (8) is operatively connected to a ballscrew (9), which can be controlled by a controllable motor (11), and the platform (12) is likewise assigned a controllable drive motor (13), and the tool support carriage (16) is likewise operatively connected to a controllable motor (17).
  6. Machine according to Claims 2 and 5, characterised in that the motors (11, 13, 17) are designed as controllable DC motors and in that the said motors are assigned position-indicating devices (encoders) and in that the said motors or the said encoders are operatively connected to an NC unit (18).
  7. Machine according to Claim 2, characterised in that the carriage (16), which can move radially with respect to the rotatable platform (12), has a tool (19) for the outer working of the tube (4) to be formed and a tool (19') for the inner working of the tube (4) to be formed.
  8. Machine according to Claim 2, characterised in that the vice has a slide-like device (22) which displaceably receives two [lacuna] (20) with different bores, and in that the said jaws (20) are operatively connected to lever linkages (23) which are driven by a controllable piston-cylinder unit (24).
  9. Machine according to Claim 2, characterised in that the carriage (16), which is radially moveable on the platform (12), has a rack (29) with which a pinion (30) meshes, the pinion (30) being in operative connection with a rack (31) which is operatively connected to a sleeve (40) which is able to be displaced axially by a threaded spindle (23).
  10. Machine according to Claim 2, characterised in that the tool (19) has a small wheel (44) which is mounted rotatably by means of bearings (35) and a shaft (36), the small wheel (44) being arranged obliquely to the tube (4) with respect to the longitudinal axis of the tube (4).
  11. Machine according to Claim 2, characterised in that the tool (19') is designed as a pointed pin which is arranged in the tool support with its longitudinal axis parallel to the axis (B) of the tube (4).
EP88116644A 1987-10-09 1988-10-07 Method and apparatus for plastic forming of tubular articles Expired - Lifetime EP0314936B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
IT2219087 1987-10-09
IT22190/87A IT1223306B (en) 1987-10-09 1987-10-09 PROCEDURE AND MACHINE FOR THE PLASTIC DEFORMATION OF TUBULAR BODIES

Publications (3)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0314936A2 EP0314936A2 (en) 1989-05-10
EP0314936A3 EP0314936A3 (en) 1990-07-11
EP0314936B1 true EP0314936B1 (en) 1993-06-30

Family

ID=11192821

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP88116644A Expired - Lifetime EP0314936B1 (en) 1987-10-09 1988-10-07 Method and apparatus for plastic forming of tubular articles

Country Status (4)

Country Link
EP (1) EP0314936B1 (en)
DE (1) DE3882113D1 (en)
ES (1) ES2043757T3 (en)
IT (1) IT1223306B (en)

Families Citing this family (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
AU629472B2 (en) * 1990-06-07 1992-10-01 Mcdermott International, Inc. Conductor guide forming machine
ATE390965T1 (en) * 1998-10-30 2008-04-15 Sango Co Ltd PULLING DEVICE WITH SPINDLE MECHANISM
JP3504653B1 (en) * 2002-08-28 2004-03-08 清 小川 Steel pipe complex processing equipment and steel pipe processing method

Family Cites Families (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB2655405A (en) * 1976-11-10
CH634238A5 (en) * 1978-10-11 1983-01-31 Heinz Blaser METHOD AND MACHINE FOR FLOW PRESSING A THIN-WALLED SEAMLESS AND FOLDLESS SHEET PIPE SHEET FROM A SHORT AND THICK-WALLED PIPE SHEET BLANK.
DE3050452A1 (en) * 1980-06-26 1982-08-12 V Chemeris Method of obtaining butt-end wall with concentric recess in a tubular workpiece
JPS57165130A (en) * 1981-04-04 1982-10-12 Minoru Nakamura Spinning device
JPS5961529A (en) * 1982-09-29 1984-04-07 Matsushita Electric Works Ltd Spinning work controlling device
US4606206A (en) * 1985-01-30 1986-08-19 Motor Wheel Corporation Method and apparatus for edge preparation of spinning blanks

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
ES2043757T3 (en) 1994-01-01
IT1223306B (en) 1990-09-19
DE3882113D1 (en) 1993-08-05
EP0314936A2 (en) 1989-05-10
IT8722190A0 (en) 1987-10-09
EP0314936A3 (en) 1990-07-11

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