EP0314585A1 - Gas-liquid heat-exchanger with condensation - Google Patents

Gas-liquid heat-exchanger with condensation Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0314585A1
EP0314585A1 EP88420364A EP88420364A EP0314585A1 EP 0314585 A1 EP0314585 A1 EP 0314585A1 EP 88420364 A EP88420364 A EP 88420364A EP 88420364 A EP88420364 A EP 88420364A EP 0314585 A1 EP0314585 A1 EP 0314585A1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
enclosure
blocks
gas phase
over
chamber
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Granted
Application number
EP88420364A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP0314585B1 (en
Inventor
Lucien Fayolle
Patrick Mangin
Guy Nineuil
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Vicarb SA
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Vicarb SA
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28F—DETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
    • F28F9/00—Casings; Header boxes; Auxiliary supports for elements; Auxiliary members within casings
    • F28F9/02—Header boxes; End plates
    • F28F9/026—Header boxes; End plates with static flow control means, e.g. with means for uniformly distributing heat exchange media into conduits
    • F28F9/0278—Header boxes; End plates with static flow control means, e.g. with means for uniformly distributing heat exchange media into conduits in the form of stacked distribution plates or perforated plates arranged over end plates
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28B—STEAM OR VAPOUR CONDENSERS
    • F28B1/00—Condensers in which the steam or vapour is separate from the cooling medium by walls, e.g. surface condenser
    • F28B1/02—Condensers in which the steam or vapour is separate from the cooling medium by walls, e.g. surface condenser using water or other liquid as the cooling medium
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28F—DETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
    • F28F21/00—Constructions of heat-exchange apparatus characterised by the selection of particular materials
    • F28F21/02—Constructions of heat-exchange apparatus characterised by the selection of particular materials of carbon, e.g. graphite
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28F—DETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
    • F28F7/00—Elements not covered by group F28F1/00, F28F3/00 or F28F5/00
    • F28F7/02—Blocks traversed by passages for heat-exchange media
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10S165/00—Heat exchange
    • Y10S165/184—Indirect-contact condenser

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to an improvement made to gas / liquid heat exchangers in which the heat exchange causes total condensation of the gas.
  • Such exchangers are used in many fields, for example for heating a liquid (acid solution at low concentration for example), and this by means of a gas at high temperature (water vapor in general) .
  • the gas / liquid heat exchanger is of the type consisting of modular elements in the form of blocks juxtaposed inside an enclosure and in which two series of channels are drilled. extending, one over the entire height of the blocks, the other over their entire width, and allowing respectively the circulation of the liquid phase and the gaseous phase between which the heat exchange must be carried out: - Said blocks being arranged inside the enclosure so as to form a column connected to its base and to its upper part to the circuit allowing the supply and circulation of the liquid phase inside the longitudinal conduits; the space between the enclosure and the aforementioned central column being separated into two chambers, one known as the intake chamber, being connected to the gas phase supply circuit and the other known as the collection chamber peration being connected to the condensate evacuation circuit formed during the heat exchange.
  • the exchanger according to the invention is characterized in that: - The introduction of the gas phase into the intake chamber is carried out by means of a distribution box making it possible to distribute said gas phase over the entire height of this chamber; - the transverse conduits drilled in the actual exchange blocks and which connect the intake chamber to the recovery chamber have a slight downward slope in the direction of circulation of the liquid phase which is formed by condensation from the incoming gas phase.
  • the exchange blocks and the enclosure which surrounds them are in cylindrical form; it is obvious that it is also possible to produce said exchanger according to the invention in a form other than cylindrical; - the gas phase distribution box over the entire height of the exchanger is arranged outside the enclosure, vertical slots being provided on said enclosure in order to distribute the gas over the entire height of the chamber, at at least one deflector being disposed, opposite said slots, in the space between the outer enclosure and the central exchange column, in order to distribute the gas over the entire surface of the column arranged inside the admission room.
  • the exchanger according to the invention is of the type made up of modular elements (1), being in the form of blocks, three in number in the example illustrated in FIG. 1, kept juxtaposed inside an enclosure (2).
  • These modular elements (1) consist of a block of material chosen according to the nature of the fluids or gases between which the heat exchange must take place and which, in this case, is graphite.
  • the blocks (1) are pierced with two series of channels (3,4) allowing independent circuits for gas and liquid to be produced.
  • the blocks (1) and the casing (2) are of cylindrical shape but it is obvious that the exchanger could have a completely different shape, for example parallelepiped.
  • the channels (3) called “longitudinal channels”, extend parallel to the axis of revolution of the blocks while the channels (4) called “transverse channels” are arranged parallel to each other between each series of longitudinal channels (3).
  • the blocks constituting the entire exchange assembly are arranged inside the enclosure (2) so as to form a central column.
  • the blocks (1) are mounted inside the envelope by means of slides (5) (only one being shown in FIG. 1) extending over the entire height of the column.
  • These slides (5) make it possible to form two chambers separated from each other in the space between the periphery of the central column and the casing, one called the intake chamber (6), the other said recovery chamber (7).
  • the supply of the liquid phase through the longitudinal conduits (3) is carried out by the base of the assembly by means of an appropriate supply circuit (8), connected to a liquid supply circuit, the evacuation being produced by the upper part by means of a discharge pipe (9) (not shown in FIG. 1).
  • the supply of the intake chamber (6) is made indirectly by opening the conduit (10) for supplying this gaseous phase, not directly inside the space between the exchange zone and the envelope , but in a distribution box (11) provided outside of said envelope (2).
  • This distribution box (11) which partially surrounds the envelope extends over almost its entire height.
  • the introduction of the gas phase inside the intake chamber (6) is carried out by providing a passage (12) in the form of a slot on the envelope.
  • This slot-shaped passage (12) can either be continuous and extend over the entire height (see FIG.
  • the distribution of the gas phase takes place over the entire height of the exchanger.
  • plate-shaped deflectors (13) can be arranged, inside the free space between the central column and the envelope, opposite the gas phase introduction slots. Thanks to such an embodiment, the gas phase is not only distributed regularly over the entire height of the exchange blocks (1), but also over the entire peripheral surface of said blocks located in the intake chamber (6).
  • the introduction of the gas phase can be carried out either by means of a single conduit (10), arranged in this case substantially halfway up the exchanger as shown in the figure 1, or possibly, as shown in FIG. 2, by means of several conduits (10a, 10b, 10c) distributed over the height of the distribution box.
  • the transverse channels (4) are not arranged horizontally but have a slight downward slope in the direction of the circulation of the liquid phase which forms by condensation from the incoming gas phase.
  • a slope of the order of 2 to 3 ° is perfectly suitable.
  • the evacuation of the condensates formed from the interior of the recovery chamber (7) is obtained by means of an evacuation duct (14) provided at the base of the recovery chamber.
  • the sections of the supply (10) and discharge (14) conduits will be calculated as a function of the flow rate of the gas phase in cross-section ratio of one third for the discharge conduit (14) to two thirds for the conduit d 'admission (10) suitable for most applications.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Heat-Exchange Devices With Radiators And Conduit Assemblies (AREA)

Abstract

Il se présente sous la forme de blocs juxtaposés (1) à l'intérieur d'une enceinte (2) et dans lesquels sont percés deux séries de canaux (3,4), ces blocs (1) étant disposés à l'intérieur d'une enceinte (2),l'espace entre l'enceinte (2) et la colonne centrale que forment les blocs étant séparée en deux chambres (6,7), reliées respectivement au circuit d'alimentation (10) en phase gazeuse et l'autre au circuit d'évacuation (14) des condensats formés. Dans cet échangeur, l'introduction de la phase gazeuse dans la chambre (6) est réalisée au moyen d'un boitier de distribution (11) permettant de répartir ladite phase gazeuse sur toute la hauteur de cette chambre (6) et les conduits transversaux (4) percés dans les blocs d'échange (1) présentent une légère pente descendante dans le sens de la circulation de la phase liquide qui se forme par condensation à partir de la phase gazeuse entrante.It is in the form of juxtaposed blocks (1) inside an enclosure (2) and in which are pierced two series of channels (3,4), these blocks (1) being arranged inside d an enclosure (2), the space between the enclosure (2) and the central column formed by the blocks being separated into two chambers (6,7), connected respectively to the supply circuit (10) in the gas phase and the other to the evacuation circuit (14) of the condensates formed. In this exchanger, the introduction of the gas phase into the chamber (6) is carried out by means of a distribution box (11) making it possible to distribute said gas phase over the entire height of this chamber (6) and the transverse conduits. (4) drilled in the exchange blocks (1) have a slight downward slope in the direction of circulation of the liquid phase which is formed by condensation from the incoming gas phase.

Description

La présente invention a trait à un perfectionnement apporté aux échangeurs de chaleur gaz/liquide dans les­quels l'échange thermique entraîne une condensation to­tale du gaz.The present invention relates to an improvement made to gas / liquid heat exchangers in which the heat exchange causes total condensation of the gas.

Outre les échangeurs à plaques et les échangeurs tubulaires conventionnels, il a été proposé depuis fort longtemps, notamment par le Demandeur, de réaliser des échangeurs de chaleur constitués de blocs parallélépipé­diques ou cylindriques en graphite, dans lesquels sont percés deux séries de canaux, en général de forme cylindrique et disposés orthogonalement les uns par rapport aux autres de manière à réaliser des circuits indépendants pour les deux fluides entre lesquels doit s'effectuer l'échange thermique. De tels blocs qui pré­sentent l'avantage de pouvoir être construits en série et d'être interchangeables, non seulement permettent d'obtenir une très grande surface d'échange thermique mais permettent également de réaliser des échangeurs qui peuvent être facilement adaptés en fonction des applica­tions particulières pour lesquelles l'échangeur doit être réalisé, puisqu'il se présente sous la forme de modules qu'il suffit d'empiler à l'intérieur d'une enceinte définissant les chambres indépendantes pour la circulation des fluides. Par ailleurs, il est évident que les problèmes d'étanchéité sont parfaitement résolus étant donné que les canaux de circulation de fluide sont percés dans la masse.In addition to plate exchangers and conventional tubular exchangers, it has been proposed for a long time, in particular by the Applicant, to produce heat exchangers made up of parallelepipedic or cylindrical graphite blocks, in which two series of channels are drilled, in general cylindrical in shape and arranged orthogonally to each other so as to produce independent circuits for the two fluids between which the heat exchange must take place. Such blocks which have the advantage of being able to be built in series and of being interchangeable, not only make it possible to obtain a very large heat exchange surface but also make it possible to produce exchangers which can be easily adapted according to the applications. particular for which the exchanger must be produced, since it is in the form of modules which need only be stacked inside an enclosure defining the independent chambers for the circulation of fluids. Furthermore, it is obvious that the sealing problems are perfectly solved since the fluid circulation channels are drilled in the mass.

De tels échangeurs sont utilisés dans de très nom­breux domaines, par exemple pour assurer le réchauffage d'un liquide (solution acide à faible concentration par exemple), et ce au moyen d'un gaz à température élevée (vapeur d'eau en général).Such exchangers are used in many fields, for example for heating a liquid (acid solution at low concentration for example), and this by means of a gas at high temperature (water vapor in general) .

Les principaux problèmes qui se posent avec de tels échangeurs sont, d'une part, celui de l'écoulement ré­gulier des condensats formés à partir de la phase gazeu­se entrante lors de l'échange thermique, afin d'éliminer tout risque de vibration ou de coups de bélier qui sont particulièrement préjudiciables lorsque les matériaux utilisés pour réaliser les blocs sont sensibles aux chocs (cas du graphite par exemple) et, d'autre part, celui de la distribution régulière de la phase gazeuse entrante sur toute la hauteur de l'échangeur.The main problems which arise with such exchangers are, on the one hand, that of the regular flow of the condensates formed from the incoming gas phase during the heat exchange, in order to eliminate any risk of vibration or water hammer which is particularly harmful when the materials used to make the blocks are sensitive to shocks (case of graphite for example) and, on the other hand, that of the regular distribution of the incoming gas phase over the entire height of the exchanger.

Or on a trouvé, et c'est ce qui fait l'objet de la présente invention, un perfectionnement à ce type d'échangeur constitué de blocs percés de deux séries de canaux permettant de réaliser des circuits indépendants de circulation de gaz et de liquide à réchauffer et qui permet de résoudre l'ensemble de ces problèmes.Now we have found, and this is what is the subject of the present invention, an improvement to this type of exchanger consisting of blocks pierced with two series of channels making it possible to produce independent circuits for the circulation of gas and liquid to warm up and that solves all of these problems.

D'une manière générale, l'échangeur de chaleur gaz/­liquide conforme à l'invention est du type constitué d'éléments modulaires sous forme de blocs juxtaposés à l'intérieur d'une enceinte et dans lesquels sont percés deux séries de canaux s'étendant,l'une sur toute la hau­teur des blocs, l'autre sur toute leur largeur, et permettant respectivement la circulation de la phase liquide et de la phase gazeuse entre lesquelles doit être réalisé l'échange thermique :
- lesdits blocs étant disposés à l'intérieur de l'enceinte de manière à former une colonne reliée à sa base et à sa partie supérieure au circuit permettant l'amenée et la circulation de la phase liquide à l'intérieur des conduits longitudinaux ;
- l'espace entre l'enceinte et la colonne centrale précitée étant séparée en deux chambres, l'une dite chambre d'admission, étant reliée au circuit d'alimenta­tion en phase gazeuse et l'autre, dite chambre de récu­ pération étant reliée au circuit d'évacuation des con­densats formés lors de l'échange thermique.In general, the gas / liquid heat exchanger according to the invention is of the type consisting of modular elements in the form of blocks juxtaposed inside an enclosure and in which two series of channels are drilled. extending, one over the entire height of the blocks, the other over their entire width, and allowing respectively the circulation of the liquid phase and the gaseous phase between which the heat exchange must be carried out:
- Said blocks being arranged inside the enclosure so as to form a column connected to its base and to its upper part to the circuit allowing the supply and circulation of the liquid phase inside the longitudinal conduits;
the space between the enclosure and the aforementioned central column being separated into two chambers, one known as the intake chamber, being connected to the gas phase supply circuit and the other known as the collection chamber peration being connected to the condensate evacuation circuit formed during the heat exchange.

L'échangeur selon l'invention se caractérise en ce que :
- l'introduction de la phase gazeuse dans la cham­bre d'admission est réalisée au moyen d'un boitier de distribution permettant de répartir ladite phase gazeuse sur toute la hauteur de cette chambre ;
- les conduits transversaux percés dans les blocs d'échange proprement dit et qui relient la chambre d'ad­mission à la chambre de récupération présentent une légère pente descendante dans le sens de la circulation de la phase liquide qui se forme par condensation à partir de la phase gazeuse entrante.The exchanger according to the invention is characterized in that:
- The introduction of the gas phase into the intake chamber is carried out by means of a distribution box making it possible to distribute said gas phase over the entire height of this chamber;
- the transverse conduits drilled in the actual exchange blocks and which connect the intake chamber to the recovery chamber have a slight downward slope in the direction of circulation of the liquid phase which is formed by condensation from the incoming gas phase.

Avantageusement et en pratique :
- les blocs d'échange et l'enceinte qui les entou­re se présentent sous la forme cylindrique ; il est évident qu'il est également possible de réaliser ledit échangeur conforme à l'invention sous une forme autre que cylindrique ;
- le boitier de distribution de la phase gazeuse sur toute la hauteur de l'échangeur est disposé à l'ex­térieur de l'enceinte, des fentes verticales étant pré­vues sur ladite enceinte afin de répartir le gaz sur toute la hauteur de la chambre, au moins un déflecteur étant par ailleurs disposé, en regard desdites fentes, dans l'espace compris entre l'enceinte extérieure et la colonne centrale d'échange, afin de répartir le gaz sur toute la surface de la colonne disposée à l'intérieur de la chambre d'admission.Advantageously and in practice:
- the exchange blocks and the enclosure which surrounds them are in cylindrical form; it is obvious that it is also possible to produce said exchanger according to the invention in a form other than cylindrical;
- the gas phase distribution box over the entire height of the exchanger is arranged outside the enclosure, vertical slots being provided on said enclosure in order to distribute the gas over the entire height of the chamber, at at least one deflector being disposed, opposite said slots, in the space between the outer enclosure and the central exchange column, in order to distribute the gas over the entire surface of the column arranged inside the admission room.

L'invention et les avantages qu'elle apporte seront cependant mieux compris grâce à l'exemple de réalisation donné ci-après à titre indicatif mais non limitatif, et qui est illustré par les figures annexées dans lesquel­les :

  • - la figure 1 est une vue schématique en perspecti­ve éclatée de l'ensemble d'un échangeur conforme à l'in­vention ;
  • - la figure 2 est une vue schématique en coupe se­lon le plan AA de la figure 1 illustrant la manière dont est réalisé l'échange thermique ;
  • - la figure 3 est une vue de détail du système de distribution permettant de répartir la phase gazeuse sur toute la hauteur de l'échangeur.
The invention and the advantages which it brings will however be better understood thanks to the embodiment given below by way of indication but not limitation, and which is illustrated by the appended figures in which:
  • - Figure 1 is a schematic exploded perspective view of the assembly of an exchanger according to the invention;
  • - Figure 2 is a schematic sectional view along the plane AA of Figure 1 illustrating how the heat exchange is carried out;
  • - Figure 3 is a detail view of the distribution system for distributing the gas phase over the entire height of the exchanger.

Si l'on se reporte aux schémas annexés et plus par­ticulièrement à la figure 1, l'échangeur conforme à l'invention est du type constitué d'éléments modulaires (1), se présentant sous la forme de blocs, au nombre de trois dans l'exemple illustré à la figure 1, maintenus juxtaposés à l'intérieur d'une enceinte (2). Ces éléments modulaires (1) sont constitués d'un bloc de matériau choisi en fonction de la nature des fluides ou gaz entre lesquels doit s'effectuer l'échange thermique et qui, dans le cas présent, est du graphite. Les blocs (1) sont percés de deux séries de canaux (3,4) permettant de réaliser des circuits indépendants pour le gaz et le liquide.If reference is made to the appended diagrams and more particularly to FIG. 1, the exchanger according to the invention is of the type made up of modular elements (1), being in the form of blocks, three in number in the example illustrated in FIG. 1, kept juxtaposed inside an enclosure (2). These modular elements (1) consist of a block of material chosen according to the nature of the fluids or gases between which the heat exchange must take place and which, in this case, is graphite. The blocks (1) are pierced with two series of channels (3,4) allowing independent circuits for gas and liquid to be produced.

Dans l'exemple de réalisation illustré, les blocs (1) et l'enveloppe (2) sont de forme cylindrique mais il est évident que l'échangeur pourrait avoir une toute au­tre forme,par exemple parallélépipédique. Les canaux (3), dits "canaux longitudinaux", s'étendent parallèle­ment à l'axe de révolution des blocs alors que les canaux (4) dits "canaux transversaux" sont disposés parallèlement les uns aux autres entre chaque série de canaux longitudinaux (3).In the illustrated embodiment, the blocks (1) and the casing (2) are of cylindrical shape but it is obvious that the exchanger could have a completely different shape, for example parallelepiped. The channels (3), called "longitudinal channels", extend parallel to the axis of revolution of the blocks while the channels (4) called "transverse channels" are arranged parallel to each other between each series of longitudinal channels (3).

Les blocs constituant tout l'ensemble d'échange sont disposés à l'intérieur de l'enceinte (2) de manière à former une colonne centrale. Les blocs (1) sont mon­tés à l'intérieur de l'enveloppe par l'intermédiaire de glissières (5) (une seule étant représentée à la figure 1) s'étendant sur toute la hauteur de la colonne. Ces glissières (5) permettent de former deux chambres sépa­rées l'une de l'autre dans l'espace compris entre la périphérie de la colonne centrale et l'enveloppe, l'une dite chambre d'admission (6), l'autre dite chambre de récupération (7). L'amenée de la phase liquide au tra­vers des conduits longitudinaux (3) est réalisée par la base de l'ensemble au moyen d'un circuit d'alimentation approprié (8), relié à un circuit d'alimentation liqui­de, l'évacuation étant réalisée par la partie supérieure au moyen d'une conduite d'évacuation (9) (non représen­tée à la figure 1).The blocks constituting the entire exchange assembly are arranged inside the enclosure (2) so as to form a central column. The blocks (1) are mounted inside the envelope by means of slides (5) (only one being shown in FIG. 1) extending over the entire height of the column. These slides (5) make it possible to form two chambers separated from each other in the space between the periphery of the central column and the casing, one called the intake chamber (6), the other said recovery chamber (7). The supply of the liquid phase through the longitudinal conduits (3) is carried out by the base of the assembly by means of an appropriate supply circuit (8), connected to a liquid supply circuit, the evacuation being produced by the upper part by means of a discharge pipe (9) (not shown in FIG. 1).

Conformément à l'invention, afin d'assurer une ré­partition régulière à l'intérieur de la chambre d'admission (6) de la phase gazeuse destinée à réchauf­fer la phase liquide circulant à l'intérieur des con­duits (3), l'alimentation de la chambre d'admission (6) est réalisée indirectement en faisant déboucher le conduit (10) d'amenée de cette phase gazeuse, non pas directement à l'intérieur de l'espace compris entre la zone d'échange et l'enveloppe, mais dans un boitier de distribution (11) prévu à l'extérieur de ladite enveloppe (2). Ce boitier de distribution (11) qui entoure partiellement l'enveloppe s'étend sur pratiquement toute sa hauteur. L'introduction de la phase gazeuse à l'intérieur de la chambre d'admission (6) est réalisée en prévoyant sur l'enveloppe un passage (12), en forme de fente. Ce passage (12) en forme de fente peut être soit continu et s'étendre sur toute la hauteur (voir figure 3), soit être constitué d'une pluralité de fentes disposées dans le prolongement l'une de l'autre, par exemple au nombre de deux comme représenté à la figure 1. Grâce à un tel mode de réalisation, la distribution de la phase gazeuse s'effectue sur toute la hauteur de l'échangeur. Par ailleurs, pour assurer une bonne répar­tition sur toute la périphérie des blocs, des déflec­teurs en forme de plaques (13) peuvent être disposés, à l'intérieur de l'espace libre compris entre la colonne centrale et l'enveloppe, en regard des fentes d'introduc­tion de la phase gazeuse. Grâce à un tel mode de réalisa­tion, la phase gazeuse est non seulement répartie régu­lièrement sur toute la hauteur des blocs d'échange (1), mais également sur toute la surface périphérique desdits blocs situés dans la chambre d'admission (6).According to the invention, in order to ensure a regular distribution inside the intake chamber (6) of the gaseous phase intended to heat the liquid phase circulating inside the conduits (3), the supply of the intake chamber (6) is made indirectly by opening the conduit (10) for supplying this gaseous phase, not directly inside the space between the exchange zone and the envelope , but in a distribution box (11) provided outside of said envelope (2). This distribution box (11) which partially surrounds the envelope extends over almost its entire height. The introduction of the gas phase inside the intake chamber (6) is carried out by providing a passage (12) in the form of a slot on the envelope. This slot-shaped passage (12) can either be continuous and extend over the entire height (see FIG. 3), or be made up of a plurality of slots arranged in the extension of one another, for example two in number as shown in Figure 1. With such an embodiment, the distribution of the gas phase takes place over the entire height of the exchanger. Furthermore, to ensure good distribution over the entire periphery of the blocks, plate-shaped deflectors (13) can be arranged, inside the free space between the central column and the envelope, opposite the gas phase introduction slots. Thanks to such an embodiment, the gas phase is not only distributed regularly over the entire height of the exchange blocks (1), but also over the entire peripheral surface of said blocks located in the intake chamber (6).

Dans l'échangeur conforme à l'invention, l'intro­duction de la phase gaz peut être réalisée soit au moyen d'un seul conduit (10), disposé dans ce cas sensiblement à mi-hauteur de l'échangeur comme représenté à la figure 1, soit éventuellement, ainsi que cela a été représenté à la figure 2, au moyen de plusieurs conduits (10a,10b, 10c) répartis sur la hauteur du boitier de distribution.In the exchanger according to the invention, the introduction of the gas phase can be carried out either by means of a single conduit (10), arranged in this case substantially halfway up the exchanger as shown in the figure 1, or possibly, as shown in FIG. 2, by means of several conduits (10a, 10b, 10c) distributed over the height of the distribution box.

Par ailleurs, selon une autre caractéristique de l'échangeur conforme à l'invention, les canaux transver­saux (4) dont la section peut être soit circulaire, elliptique.., ne sont pas disposés horizontalement mais présentent une légère pente descendante dans le sens de la circulation de la phase liquide qui se forme par condensation à partir de la phase gazeuse entrante. En général, une pente de l'ordre de 2 à 3° convient par­faitement.Furthermore, according to another characteristic of the exchanger according to the invention, the transverse channels (4), the section of which can be either circular, elliptical, etc., are not arranged horizontally but have a slight downward slope in the direction of the circulation of the liquid phase which forms by condensation from the incoming gas phase. In general, a slope of the order of 2 to 3 ° is perfectly suitable.

L'évacuation des condensats formés de l'intérieur de la chambre de récupération (7) est obtenue au moyen d'un conduit d'évacuation (14) prévu à la base de la chambre de récupération.The evacuation of the condensates formed from the interior of the recovery chamber (7) is obtained by means of an evacuation duct (14) provided at the base of the recovery chamber.

Les sections des conduits d'alimentation (10) et d'évacuation (14) seront calculées en fonction du débit de la phase gazeuse en rapport de section de un tiers pour le conduit d'évacuation (14) à deux tiers pour le conduit d'admission (10) convenant pour la plupart des applications.The sections of the supply (10) and discharge (14) conduits will be calculated as a function of the flow rate of the gas phase in cross-section ratio of one third for the discharge conduit (14) to two thirds for the conduit d 'admission (10) suitable for most applications.

Grâce à une telle structure, il est, possible d'ob­tenir un échangeur d'une grande efficacité et dans lequel l'écoulement des condensats à l'intérieur des conduits transversaux (4) est fait de manière régulière en éliminant tout risque de vibration ou de coups de bélier, phénomènes particulièrement préjudiciables lorsque les blocs (1) sont à base de matériaux très sensibles aux chocs, ce qui est le cas du graphite. Par ailleurs, un tel type d'échangeur permet de meilleures performances grâce à l'optimisation de la surface liée à la condensation.Thanks to such a structure, it is possible to obtain a highly efficient exchanger and in which the flow of condensate inside the transverse conduits (4) is made regularly, eliminating any risk of vibration or water hammer, particularly harmful phenomena when the blocks (1) are based on materials very sensitive to shocks, which is the case of graphite. In addition, such a type of exchanger allows better performance thanks to the optimization of the surface linked to condensation.

Bien entendu, l'invention n'est pas limitée à l'exemple de réalisation décrit précédemment, mais elle en couvre toutes les variantes réalisées dans le même esprit.Of course, the invention is not limited to the embodiment described above, but it covers all the variants produced in the same spirit.

Claims (4)

1/ Echangeur de chaleur gaz/liquide avec condensa­tion du type constitué d'éléments modulaires sous forme de blocs (1) juxtaposés à l'intérieur d'une enceinte (2) et dans lesquels sont percés deux séries de canaux (3,4), l'une (3) sur toute la hauteur des blocs (1), l'autre (4) sur toute leur largeur et permettant respectivement la circulation de la phase liquide et de la phase gazeuse entre lesquelles doit être réalisé l'échange thermique :
- lesdits blocs (1) étant disposés à l'intérieur de l'enceinte (2) de manière à former une colonne reliée à sa base et à sa partie supérieure au circuit (8,9) permettant l'amenée et la circulation de la phase liquide à l'intérieur des conduits longitudinaux (3) ;
- l'espace entre l'enceinte (2) et la colonne cen­trale précitée étant séparée en deux chambres (6,7), l'une (6) dite chambre d'admission, étant reliée au circuit d'alimentation (10) en phase gazeuse et l'autre (7) dite chambre de récupération étant reliée au circuit d'évacuation (14) des condensats formés lors de l'échange thermique,
caractérisé en ce que :
- l'introduction de la phase gazeuse dans la cham­bre d'admission (6) est réalisée au moyen d'un boitier de distribution (11) permettant de répartir ladite phase gazeuse sur toute la hauteur de la chambre (6) ;
- les conduits transversaux (4) percés dans les blocs d'échange (1) proprement dits et qui relient la chambre d'admission (6) à la chambre de récupération (7) présentent une légère pente descendante dans le sens de la circulation de la phase liquide qui se forme par condensation à partir de la phase gazeuse entrante.1 / Gas / liquid heat exchanger with condensation of the type consisting of modular elements in the form of blocks (1) juxtaposed inside an enclosure (2) and in which two series of channels (3,4) are drilled , one (3) over the entire height of the blocks (1), the other (4) over their entire width and allowing respectively the circulation of the liquid phase and the gaseous phase between which the heat exchange must be carried out :
- Said blocks (1) being arranged inside the enclosure (2) so as to form a column connected to its base and to its upper part to the circuit (8, 9) allowing the supply and circulation of the liquid phase inside the longitudinal conduits (3);
- the space between the enclosure (2) and the aforementioned central column being separated into two chambers (6,7), one (6) said intake chamber, being connected to the supply circuit (10) in gas phase and the other (7) said recovery chamber being connected to the evacuation circuit (14) of the condensates formed during the heat exchange,
characterized in that:
- The introduction of the gas phase into the intake chamber (6) is carried out by means of a distribution box (11) making it possible to distribute said gas phase over the entire height of the chamber (6);
- the transverse conduits (4) drilled in the exchange blocks (1) proper and which connect the intake chamber (6) to the recovery chamber (7) have a slight downward slope in the direction of circulation of the liquid phase which forms by condensation from the incoming gas phase. 2/ Echangeur selon la revendication 1, caractérisé par le fait que les blocs d'échange (1) et l'enceinte (2) qui les entoure se présentent sous une forme cylindri­que.2 / Exchanger according to claim 1, characterized in that the exchange blocks (1) and the enclosure (2) which surrounds them are in a cylindrical shape. 3/ Echangeur de chaleur selon l'une des revendica­tions 1 et 2, caractérisé en ce que le boitier de distri­bution (11) de la phase gazeuse sur toute la hauteur de l'échangeur est disposé à l'extérieur de l'enceinte (2), des fentes verticales (12) étant prévues sur ladite en­ceinte (2) afin de répartir le gaz sur toute la hauteur de la chambre (6), au moins un déflecteur (13) étant par ailleurs disposé en regard desdites fentes (12) dans l'espace compris entre l'enceinte extérieure (2) et la colonne centrale d'échange, afin de répartir le gaz sur toute la surface de la colonne disposée à l'intérieur de la chambre d'admission (6).3 / Heat exchanger according to one of claims 1 and 2, characterized in that the distribution box (11) of the gas phase over the entire height of the exchanger is disposed outside the enclosure (2 ), vertical slots (12) being provided on said enclosure (2) in order to distribute the gas over the entire height of the chamber (6), at least one deflector (13) being moreover arranged opposite said slots (12) in the space between the outer enclosure (2) and the central exchange column, in order to distribute the gas over the entire surface of the column arranged inside the intake chamber (6). 4/ Echangeur de chaleur selon l'une des revendica­tions 1 à 3, caractérisé en ce que la pente des conduits transversaux (4) est de l'ordre de 2 à 3°.4 / Heat exchanger according to one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the slope of the transverse conduits (4) is of the order of 2 to 3 °.
EP88420364A 1987-10-29 1988-10-25 Gas-liquid heat-exchanger with condensation Expired - Lifetime EP0314585B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR8715245A FR2622685B1 (en) 1987-10-29 1987-10-29 GAS / LIQUID HEAT EXCHANGER WITH CONDENSATION
FR8715245 1987-10-29

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EP0314585A1 true EP0314585A1 (en) 1989-05-03
EP0314585B1 EP0314585B1 (en) 1990-11-22

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US (1) US4850426A (en)
EP (1) EP0314585B1 (en)
JP (1) JPH01266490A (en)
KR (1) KR890007045A (en)
BR (1) BR8805587A (en)
DE (1) DE3861129D1 (en)
ES (1) ES2019135B3 (en)
FR (1) FR2622685B1 (en)
IL (1) IL88092A (en)
MA (1) MA21416A1 (en)

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CN105241282A (en) * 2015-09-17 2016-01-13 南通山剑石墨设备有限公司 Composite graphite heat exchanger
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CN106323026B (en) * 2016-09-28 2018-02-02 青岛捷能汽轮机集团股份有限公司 A kind of Horizontal axle arranges condenser

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
MA21416A1 (en) 1989-07-01
EP0314585B1 (en) 1990-11-22
IL88092A0 (en) 1989-06-30
JPH01266490A (en) 1989-10-24
US4850426A (en) 1989-07-25
BR8805587A (en) 1989-07-11
FR2622685A1 (en) 1989-05-05
DE3861129D1 (en) 1991-01-03
KR890007045A (en) 1989-06-17
FR2622685B1 (en) 1990-01-19
IL88092A (en) 1993-06-10
ES2019135B3 (en) 1991-06-01

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