EP0313469B1 - Gas burner for heating an air stream or other oxidant gas - Google Patents

Gas burner for heating an air stream or other oxidant gas Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0313469B1
EP0313469B1 EP88402659A EP88402659A EP0313469B1 EP 0313469 B1 EP0313469 B1 EP 0313469B1 EP 88402659 A EP88402659 A EP 88402659A EP 88402659 A EP88402659 A EP 88402659A EP 0313469 B1 EP0313469 B1 EP 0313469B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
gas
burner
tube
nozzles
nozzle
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
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EP88402659A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP0313469A1 (en
Inventor
Maurice Idoux
Pierre Cantryn
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Entreprise Generale de Chauffage Industriel Pillard SA
Original Assignee
MECANIQUE GENERALE FOYERS-TURBINE
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Priority to AT88402659T priority Critical patent/ATE59452T1/en
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23D—BURNERS
    • F23D14/00—Burners for combustion of a gas, e.g. of a gas stored under pressure as a liquid
    • F23D14/02—Premix gas burners, i.e. in which gaseous fuel is mixed with combustion air upstream of the combustion zone
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23D—BURNERS
    • F23D14/00—Burners for combustion of a gas, e.g. of a gas stored under pressure as a liquid
    • F23D14/46—Details, e.g. noise reduction means
    • F23D14/72—Safety devices, e.g. operative in case of failure of gas supply
    • F23D14/74—Preventing flame lift-off
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23D—BURNERS
    • F23D14/00—Burners for combustion of a gas, e.g. of a gas stored under pressure as a liquid
    • F23D14/20—Non-premix gas burners, i.e. in which gaseous fuel is mixed with combustion air on arrival at the combustion zone
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23D—BURNERS
    • F23D14/00—Burners for combustion of a gas, e.g. of a gas stored under pressure as a liquid
    • F23D14/34—Burners specially adapted for use with means for pressurising the gaseous fuel or the combustion air
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23C—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR COMBUSTION USING FLUID FUEL OR SOLID FUEL SUSPENDED IN  A CARRIER GAS OR AIR 
    • F23C2201/00—Staged combustion
    • F23C2201/20—Burner staging
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23C—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR COMBUSTION USING FLUID FUEL OR SOLID FUEL SUSPENDED IN  A CARRIER GAS OR AIR 
    • F23C2201/00—Staged combustion
    • F23C2201/30—Staged fuel supply

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a burner intended to be placed in a duct for heating air or another oxidizing gas circulating at high speed in said duct and essentially consisting of a tube supplied with combustible gas and pierced with holes, possibly provided with injectors, making it possible to emit jets of combustible gas directed downstream, and deflectors fixed on said tube and serving to divert the current of oxidizing gas to create downstream of the ramp a protected area where the flame can develop .
  • the object of the present invention is to remedy this drawback by ensuring a practically constant aeration rate of the air-fuel mixture, despite variations in the fuel flow rate and / or the speed of the gas to be heated.
  • the burner which is the subject of the present invention is characterized in that it comprises, downstream of each hole or injector and coaxially with it, a convergent-diverging nozzle arranged so that the jet of combustible gas coming from said hole or injector creates a depression at the inlet of the nozzle, and in that the inlet of the nozzle is placed in communication with the interior space of said duct surrounding the burner by at least one opening arranged so as to eliminate the influence of the dynamic pressure of the gas to be heated on the flow of oxidizing gas sucked by the nozzle through said opening.
  • the space between the tube and the nozzles is closed by two wall elements fixed to the tube and arranged substantially parallel to the plane containing the axes of the nozzles, on either side thereof, and by a front wall connected to said wall elements and carrying the nozzles, and openings are drilled in said wall elements.
  • Said front wall may advantageously be constituted by two wall elements converging downstream and forming a dihedral whose edge is located in the plane of the axes of the nozzles.
  • the deflectors can be connected to said wall elements and stiffening ribs can be provided to connect the deflectors to said front wall and to the nozzles.
  • the tube can advantageously be fitted with injectors whose position is adjustable so that the distance from each injector to the neck of the respective nozzle can be varied.
  • part of the air necessary for combustion may be supplied by a sheath surrounding said tube and formed, in part, by the flame stabilizer.
  • this auxiliary fuel gas injection may be carried out by means of one or two tubes pierced with holes or provided with injectors, placed on one side of the burner or on either side thereof, respectively, and connected to the main gas supply tube.
  • the flame stabilizer will advantageously have a modular construction.
  • the burner of FIGS. 1 and 2 consists of a tube 10 arranged transversely in a duct whose cross section is clearly greater than that of said tube and through which air or another oxygen-containing gas circulates, in the direction indicated by arrow A, and a flame stabilizer 12 fixed to the tube 10, at the front thereof.
  • the tube 10 is connected to a source of pressurized combustible gas and is pierced with calibrated holes 14 through which jets of combustible gas are emitted downstream, in a direction parallel to the direction of flow of the gas to be heated (arrow AT).
  • the stabilizer 12 comprises two divergent wings 16 forming deflectors which are connected to the tube 10 by wall elements 18 parallel to the direction of flow of the gas stream to be heated; the wings 16 have at their downstream end a break in the profile making it possible to stiffen them.
  • the space at the front of the tube 10 is closed by a front wall formed by two converging wall elements 20 which delimit with the tube a chamber 22.
  • This chamber can be closed at both ends of the burner by walls perpendicular to the axis of the tube and can be divided by partitions parallel to these walls.
  • Holes 24 drilled in the wall elements 18 communicate the chamber 22 with the interior space of the conduit where the gas to be heated circulates.
  • Convergent-divergent nozzles 26 are mounted on the wall elements 20, coaxially with the holes 14 of the tube 10, the axes of the nozzles defining a plane parallel to the direction of flow of the air to be heated.
  • the assembly can be reinforced by ribs 28 and 30.
  • the various components of the stabilizer can be assembled by welding.
  • the stabilizer can also be formed from identical modular elements fixed side by side on the tube 10, for example by welding, each modular element being in one piece from the foundry.
  • the energy of the jets of combustible gas coming from the orifices 14 is used to draw a certain flow of air or of oxidizing gas, through the openings 24, and produce a flammable mixture which burns at the outlet of the nozzles . Thanks to this construction, a premix of the air or of the oxidizing gas and of the combustible gas upstream of the nozzle is avoided and any risk of combustion in this zone is eliminated and, consequently, the walls of the chamber 22 are overheated and the carbon black deposit.
  • the ratio of the quantity of oxidizing gas sucked to the quantity of oxidizing gas necessary for complete combustion which is called aeration rate when the oxidizing gas is air, depends on the diameter of the orifices 14, on the diameter of the throat of the nozzle and the distance from the orifices to the throat of the nozzle but it varies little when the flow of combustible gas is modified; this rate can be fixed by construction at an optimal value.
  • the tube 10 can be fitted with injectors whose distance from the throat of the nozzles is adjustable so as to be able to adjust the ventilation rate, for example to modify the diameter and / or the length of the flame.
  • the dynamic pressure of the air has practically no influence on the ventilation rate and the operation of the burner is not disturbed by variations in the speed of the air stream or of the oxidizing mixture.
  • Other means in particular the use of deflectors placed upstream of the openings 24, could be provided to eliminate the influence of the dynamic pressure of the gas to be heated on the flow of gas sucked through the nozzles.
  • FIG. 3 shows, in cross section, an embodiment of the burner of the invention usable when the gas to be heated has a relatively low oxygen content.
  • a fraction of the air necessary for combustion is supplied by a sheath 40 formed, in part, by the wall elements 18 'and 20' of the stabilizer 12 'and, in part, by a semi-cylindrical shell 42.
  • the gas supply tube 10 ′ is housed inside the sheath 40 and is fitted with injectors 44.
  • FIG. 4 shows a modified form of the burner of FIG. 1 which makes it possible to keep the nitrogen oxide content of the heated gases at a particularly low value.
  • a single row of pipes is provided on one side of the burner, but they could be arranged on either side of the burner.
  • the injection of part of the combustible gas at the front of the burner could be carried out by means of one or two tubes pierced with holes or fitted with injectors, arranged parallel to the tube 10 ", near the edge of one of the wings or of the two wings, respectively, of the flame stabilizer, outside of the latter, and connected to the tube 10 ".

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Gas Burners (AREA)
  • Pre-Mixing And Non-Premixing Gas Burner (AREA)
  • Incineration Of Waste (AREA)

Abstract

Burner arranged transversely in a pipe to heat an oxidant gas (air) circulating at high speed in this pipe, and consisting of a tube (10) supplied with fuel gas and pierced with holes, which are possibly provided with injectors, making it possible to emit jets of gas directed downstream, and a flame stabiliser (12) comprising two diverging wings forming a deflector and delimiting a zone which is sheltered from the flow of gas to be heated. <??>In order to maintain a practically constant aeration rate of the air/fuel mixture in spite of the variations of the flow of fuel and/or of the speed of the gases to be heated, the burner comprises, downstream of each hole (14) and coaxially therewith, a converging/diverging nozzle (26) arranged in such a manner that the jet of gas emerging from said hole creates a low pressure at the entrance of the nozzle, and the entrance of the nozzle is made to communicate with the internal space of said pipe surrounding the burner by at least one opening (24) arranged so as to eliminate the influence of the dynamic pressure of gas to be heated on the flow of gas drawn in by the nozzle through said opening. <IMAGE>

Description

La présente invention a pour objet un brûleur destiné à être placé dans un conduit pour chauffer l'air ou un autre gaz comburant circulant à grande vitesse dans ledit conduit et constitué essentiellement par un tube alimenté en gaz combustible et percé de trous, éventuellement munis d'injecteurs, permettant d'émettre des jets de gaz combustible dirigés vers l'aval, et des déflecteurs fixés sur ledit tube et servant à dévier le courant de gaz comburant pour créer en aval de la rampe une zone protégée où la flamme peut se développer.The present invention relates to a burner intended to be placed in a duct for heating air or another oxidizing gas circulating at high speed in said duct and essentially consisting of a tube supplied with combustible gas and pierced with holes, possibly provided with injectors, making it possible to emit jets of combustible gas directed downstream, and deflectors fixed on said tube and serving to divert the current of oxidizing gas to create downstream of the ramp a protected area where the flame can develop .

Pour stabiliser la flamme, il a été proposé, sur ces brûleurs, de réaliser en amont de la zone de combustion un prémélange d'une partie du combustible avec une partie de l'air ou du mélange comburant circulant dans le conduit, de tels brûleurs sont décrits dans les documents US-A 3 649 211 et 3 494 712. Dans le brûleur du document US-A 3 494 712, la fraction de l'air ou du mélange comburant servant à réaliser le prémélange est admis à travers des fentes ménagées entre les déflecteurs et le tube, de sorte que son débit dépend essentiellement de la section de ces fentes et de la vitesse de l'air ou du mélange comburant dans le conduit. Il en résulte que si on modifie le débit du gaz combustible, pour l'adapter aux besoins, ou si la vitesse d'écoulement du gaz à réchauffer varie, le taux d'aération du mélange est modifié ce qui peut compromettre la stabilité de la flamme. Dans le brûleur du document US-A 3 649 211, plus particulièrement destiné au chauffage d'un gaz pauvre en oxygène, l'air de combustion est amené au brûleur par un conduit disposé parallèlement au tube alimenté en gaz combustible, à l'arrière de celui-ci. Cette solution permet d'éliminer l'influence des variations de vitesse du courant de gaz à réchauffeur, mais conduit à une construction plus complexe du brûleur et nécessite une alimentation séparée en air. Elle ne permet pas d'assurer une adaptation automatique du débit d'air au débit de gaz combustible.To stabilize the flame, it has been proposed, on these burners, to make upstream of the combustion zone a premixing of part of the fuel with part of the air or of the oxidizing mixture circulating in the duct, such burners are described in documents US-A 3 649 211 and 3 494 712. In the burner of document US-A 3 494 712, the fraction of the air or of the oxidizing mixture used to make the premix is admitted through slots provided between the deflectors and the tube, so that its flow depends essentially on the section of these slots and on the speed of the air or of the oxidizing mixture in the duct. As a result, if the flow rate of the combustible gas is modified to adapt it to requirements, or if the flow rate of the gas to be heated varies, the aeration rate of the mixture is modified, which can compromise the stability of the flame. In the burner of document US Pat. No. 3,649,211, more particularly intended for heating an oxygen-poor gas, the combustion air is supplied to the burner by a duct arranged parallel to the tube supplied with combustible gas, at the rear of it. This solution eliminates the influence of variations in the speed of the gas stream to the heater, but leads to a more complex construction of the burner and requires a separate air supply. It does not allow automatic adaptation of the air flow to the flow of combustible gas.

Le document US-A 3 178 161 décrit, par ailleurs, un brûleur dans lequel une zone de mélange est créée, entre le tube alimenté en gaz de combustible et la zone protégée par les déflecteurs, au moyen de deux parois convergentes raccordées au tube et aux déflecteurs, de façon à définir un étranglemetn en forme de fente, et dans lesquelles sont percées des ouvertures faisant communiquer ladite zone avec l'espace intérieur du conduit entourant le brûleur. Cette construction a pour but d'isoler, au moins partiellement, la zone de mélange de l'intérieur du conduit et d'éviter que l'écoulement du gaz à chauffer n'engendre dans cette zone une dépression créant des difficultés de fonctionnement à bas régime; elle ne permet pas d'adapter le débit d'air admis dans la zone de mélange au débit de gaz combustible.The document US Pat. No. 3,178,161 describes, moreover, a burner in which a mixing zone is created, between the tube supplied with fuel gas and the zone protected by the deflectors, by means of two converging walls connected to the tube and to the deflectors, so as to define a throttle in the form of a slot, and in which are pierced openings making said zone communicate with the interior space of the duct surrounding the burner. The purpose of this construction is to isolate, at least partially, the mixing zone from the interior of the duct and to prevent the flow of the gas to be heated from generating in this zone a depression creating operating difficulties at low diet; it does not make it possible to adapt the air flow admitted into the mixing zone to the flow of combustible gas.

Le but de la présente invention est de remédier à cet inconvénient en assurant un taux d'aération pratiquement constant du mélange air-combustible, en dépit des variations du débit de combustible et/ou de la vitesse du gaz à réchauffer.The object of the present invention is to remedy this drawback by ensuring a practically constant aeration rate of the air-fuel mixture, despite variations in the fuel flow rate and / or the speed of the gas to be heated.

Le brûleur objet de la présente invention est ca- racté risé en ce qu'il comporte, en aval de chaque trou ou injecteur et coaxialement à celui-ci, une tuyère convergente-divergente agencée de telle sorte que le jet de gaz combustible issu dudit trou ou injecteur crée une dépression à l'entrée de la tuyère, et en ce que l'entrée de la tuyère est mise en communication avec l'espace intérieur dudit conduit entourant le brûleur par au moins une ouverture disposée de façon à éliminer l'influence de la pression dynamique du gaz à chauffer sur le débit de gaz comburant aspiré par la tuyère à travers ladite ouverture.The burner which is the subject of the present invention is characterized in that it comprises, downstream of each hole or injector and coaxially with it, a convergent-diverging nozzle arranged so that the jet of combustible gas coming from said hole or injector creates a depression at the inlet of the nozzle, and in that the inlet of the nozzle is placed in communication with the interior space of said duct surrounding the burner by at least one opening arranged so as to eliminate the influence of the dynamic pressure of the gas to be heated on the flow of oxidizing gas sucked by the nozzle through said opening.

Selon un mode de réalisation préféré, l'espace entre le tube et les tuyères est fermé par deux éléments de paroi fixés sur le tube et disposés sensiblement parallèlement au plan contenant les axes des tuyères, de part et d'autre de celui-ci, et par une paroi frontale raccordée audits éléments de paroi et portant les tuyères, et des ouvertures sont percées dans lesdits éléments de paroi. Ladite paroi frontale pourra avantageusement être constituée par deux éléments de paroi convergeant vers l'aval et formant un dièdre dont l'arète est située dans le plan des axes des tuyères. Les déflecteurs pourront se raccorder auxdits éléments de paroi et des nervures de raidissement pourront être prévues pour relier les déflecteurs à ladite paroi frontale et aux tuyères.According to a preferred embodiment, the space between the tube and the nozzles is closed by two wall elements fixed to the tube and arranged substantially parallel to the plane containing the axes of the nozzles, on either side thereof, and by a front wall connected to said wall elements and carrying the nozzles, and openings are drilled in said wall elements. Said front wall may advantageously be constituted by two wall elements converging downstream and forming a dihedral whose edge is located in the plane of the axes of the nozzles. The deflectors can be connected to said wall elements and stiffening ribs can be provided to connect the deflectors to said front wall and to the nozzles.

Le tube pourra avantageusement être équipé d'injecteurs dont la position est ajustable de telle sorte que l'on puisse faire varier la distance de chaque injecteur au col de la tuyère respective.The tube can advantageously be fitted with injectors whose position is adjustable so that the distance from each injector to the neck of the respective nozzle can be varied.

Si la teneur en oxygène du gaz à chauffer n'est pas suffisante, une partie de l'air nécessaire à la combustion pourra être amenée par une gaîne entourant ledit tube et formée, en partie, par le stabilisateur de flamme.If the oxygen content of the gas to be heated is not sufficient, part of the air necessary for combustion may be supplied by a sheath surrounding said tube and formed, in part, by the flame stabilizer.

S'il est nécessaire de maintenir la teneur en oxydes d'azote des gaz réchauffés à une valeur particulièrement faible, on pourra, conformément à une autre caractéristique de l'invention, n'injecter qu'une partie du gaz combustible à travers les trous ou injecteurs du tube, l'autre partie étant injectée dans la flamme du brûleur, à l'avant de celui-ci.If it is necessary to keep the nitrogen oxide content of the heated gases at a particularly low value, it will be possible, in accordance with another characteristic of the invention, to inject only part of the combustible gas through the holes or tube injectors, the other part being injected into the burner flame, at the front of it.

Dans ce but on pourra utiliser des tubulures branchées sur ledit tube et s'étendant jusqu'à l'avant du brûleur, de part et d'autre de celui-ci ou sur un seul de ses côtés. En variante, cette injection auxiliaire de gaz combustible pourra être réalisée au moyen d'un ou deux tubes percés de trous ou munis d'injecteurs, placés sur un côté du brûleur ou de part et d'autre de celui-ci, respectivement, et raccordés au tube principal d'alimentation en gaz.For this purpose it will be possible to use pipes connected to said tube and extending to the front of the burner, on either side of the latter or on only one of its sides. As a variant, this auxiliary fuel gas injection may be carried out by means of one or two tubes pierced with holes or provided with injectors, placed on one side of the burner or on either side thereof, respectively, and connected to the main gas supply tube.

En cas de fabrication en acier moulé, le stabilisateur de flamme aura avantageusement une construction modulaire.In the case of production in cast steel, the flame stabilizer will advantageously have a modular construction.

La description qui suit se réfère aux dessins l'accompagnant qui montrent, à titre d'exemples non-limitatifs, plusieurs formes de réalisation de l'invention et sur lesquels:

  • La figure 1 est une coupe transversale d'un brûleur conforme à l'invention ;
  • La figure 2 est une vue partielle, suivant F, du brûleur de la figure 1 ;
  • La figure 3 est une vue en coupe transversale d'une autre forme de réalisation de l'invention ; et
  • La figure 4 est une coupe transversale d'une forme modifiée du brûleur de la figure 1.
The following description refers to the accompanying drawings which show, by way of non-limiting examples, several embodiments of the invention and in which:
  • Figure 1 is a cross section of a burner according to the invention;
  • Figure 2 is a partial view, along F, of the burner of Figure 1;
  • Figure 3 is a cross-sectional view of another embodiment of the invention; and
  • Figure 4 is a cross section of a modified form of the burner of Figure 1.

Le brûleur des figures 1 et 2 est constitué par un tube 10 disposé transversalement dans un conduit dont la section est nettement supérieure à celle dudit tube et où circule de l'air ou un autre gaz contenant de l'oxygène, dans le sens indiqué par la flèche A, et un stabilisateur de flamme 12 fixé sur le tube 10, à l'avant de celui-ci.The burner of FIGS. 1 and 2 consists of a tube 10 arranged transversely in a duct whose cross section is clearly greater than that of said tube and through which air or another oxygen-containing gas circulates, in the direction indicated by arrow A, and a flame stabilizer 12 fixed to the tube 10, at the front thereof.

Le tube 10 est relié à une source de gaz combustible sous pression et est percé de trous calibrés 14 par lesquels des jets de gaz combustible sont émis vers l'aval, dans une direction parallèle à la direction d'écoulement du gaz à réchauffer (flèche A).The tube 10 is connected to a source of pressurized combustible gas and is pierced with calibrated holes 14 through which jets of combustible gas are emitted downstream, in a direction parallel to the direction of flow of the gas to be heated (arrow AT).

Le stabilisateur 12 comporte deux ailes divergentes 16 formant déflecteurs qui sont raccordées au tube 10 par des éléments de paroi 18 parallèles à la direction d'écoulement du courant de gaz à réchauffer ; les ailes 16 comportent à leur extrémité aval une cassure du profil permettant de les raidir. L'espace à l'avant du tube 10 est fermé par une paroi frontale formée de deux éléments de paroi convergents 20 qui délimitent avec le tube une chambre 22. Cette chambre pourra être fermée aux deux extrémités du brûleur par des parois perpendiculaires à l'axe du tube et pourra être divisée par des cloisons parallèles à ces parois. Des orifices 24 percés dans les éléments de paroi 18 font communiquer la chambre 22 avec l'espace intérieur du conduit où circule le gaz à chauffer. Des tuyères convergente-divergentes 26 sont montées sur les éléments de paroi 20, coaxialement aux trous 14 du tube 10, les axes des tuyères définissant un plan parallèle à la direction d'écoulement de l'air à réchauffer. L'ensemble peut être renforcé par des nervures 28 et 30.The stabilizer 12 comprises two divergent wings 16 forming deflectors which are connected to the tube 10 by wall elements 18 parallel to the direction of flow of the gas stream to be heated; the wings 16 have at their downstream end a break in the profile making it possible to stiffen them. The space at the front of the tube 10 is closed by a front wall formed by two converging wall elements 20 which delimit with the tube a chamber 22. This chamber can be closed at both ends of the burner by walls perpendicular to the axis of the tube and can be divided by partitions parallel to these walls. Holes 24 drilled in the wall elements 18 communicate the chamber 22 with the interior space of the conduit where the gas to be heated circulates. Convergent-divergent nozzles 26 are mounted on the wall elements 20, coaxially with the holes 14 of the tube 10, the axes of the nozzles defining a plane parallel to the direction of flow of the air to be heated. The assembly can be reinforced by ribs 28 and 30.

Les différents éléments constitutifs du stabilisateur peuvent être assemblés par soudage. Le stabilisateur peut aussi être formé d'éléments modulaires identiques fixés côte à côte sur le tube 10, par exemple par soudage, chaque élément modulaire étant d'une seule pièce venue de fonderie.The various components of the stabilizer can be assembled by welding. The stabilizer can also be formed from identical modular elements fixed side by side on the tube 10, for example by welding, each modular element being in one piece from the foundry.

Dans les tuyères 26, l'énergie des jets de gaz combustible issus des orifices 14 est utilisée pour aspirer un certain débit d'air ou de gaz comburant, à travers les ouvertures 24, et réaliser un mélange inflammable qui brûle à la sortie des tuyères. Grâce à cette construction, on évite un prémélange de l'air ou du gaz comburant et du gaz combustible en amont de la tuyère et on supprime tout risque de combustion dans cette zone et, par conséquent une surchauffe des parois de la chambre 22 et le dépôt de noir de carbone.In the nozzles 26, the energy of the jets of combustible gas coming from the orifices 14 is used to draw a certain flow of air or of oxidizing gas, through the openings 24, and produce a flammable mixture which burns at the outlet of the nozzles . Thanks to this construction, a premix of the air or of the oxidizing gas and of the combustible gas upstream of the nozzle is avoided and any risk of combustion in this zone is eliminated and, consequently, the walls of the chamber 22 are overheated and the carbon black deposit.

Le rapport de la quantité de gaz comburant aspiré à la quantité de gaz comburant nécessaire à une combustion complète, qui est appelé taux d'aération lorsque le gaz comburant est de l'air, dépend du dia- métre des orifices 14, du diamètre du col de la tuyère et de la distance des orifices au col de la tuyère mais il varie peu quand le débit de gaz combustible est modifié ; ce taux peut être fixé par construction à une valeur optimale. En variante, le tube 10 peut être équipé d'injecteurs dont la distance au col des tuyères est réglable pour pouvoir ajuster le taux d'aération, par exemple pour modifier le diamètre et/ou la longueur de la flamme. Grâce à la disposition des ouvertures 24 dans des plans parallèles à la direction A d'écoulement de l'air ou du mélange comburant ou faiblement inclinés par rapport à cette direction, la pression dynamique de l'air n'a pratiquement pas d'influence sur le taux d'aération et le fonctionnement du brûleur n'est pas perturbé par les variations de vitesse du courant d'air ou du mélange comburant. D'autres moyens, notamment l'emploi de déflecteurs placés en amont des ouvertures 24, pourraient être prévus pour éliminer l'influence de la pression dynamique du gaz à réchauffer sur le débit de gaz aspiré à travers les tuyères.The ratio of the quantity of oxidizing gas sucked to the quantity of oxidizing gas necessary for complete combustion, which is called aeration rate when the oxidizing gas is air, depends on the diameter of the orifices 14, on the diameter of the throat of the nozzle and the distance from the orifices to the throat of the nozzle but it varies little when the flow of combustible gas is modified; this rate can be fixed by construction at an optimal value. As a variant, the tube 10 can be fitted with injectors whose distance from the throat of the nozzles is adjustable so as to be able to adjust the ventilation rate, for example to modify the diameter and / or the length of the flame. Thanks to the arrangement of the openings 24 in planes parallel to the direction A of the flow of air or of the oxidizing mixture or slightly inclined with respect to this direction, the dynamic pressure of the air has practically no influence on the ventilation rate and the operation of the burner is not disturbed by variations in the speed of the air stream or of the oxidizing mixture. Other means, in particular the use of deflectors placed upstream of the openings 24, could be provided to eliminate the influence of the dynamic pressure of the gas to be heated on the flow of gas sucked through the nozzles.

La figure 3 montre, en coupe transversale, une forme de réalisation du brûleur de l'invention utilisable lorsque le gaz à réchauffer a une teneur en oxygène relativement faible. Une fraction de l'air nécessaire à la combustion est amenée par une gaîne 40 formée, en partie, par les éléments de paroi 18' et 20' du stabilisateur 12' et, en partie, par une coquille hémi-cylindrique 42.FIG. 3 shows, in cross section, an embodiment of the burner of the invention usable when the gas to be heated has a relatively low oxygen content. A fraction of the air necessary for combustion is supplied by a sheath 40 formed, in part, by the wall elements 18 'and 20' of the stabilizer 12 'and, in part, by a semi-cylindrical shell 42.

Le tube d'amenée de gaz 10' est logé à l'intérieur de la gaîne 40 et est muni d'injecteurs 44.The gas supply tube 10 ′ is housed inside the sheath 40 and is fitted with injectors 44.

Grâce à la dépression crée dans les tuyères 26' par les jets de gaz combustible issus des injecteurs 44, une fraction du gaz à réchauffer est aspirée, à travers les ouvertures 24', ainsi que l'air amené par la gaïne 40.Thanks to the vacuum created in the nozzles 26 ′ by the jets of combustible gas coming from the injectors 44, a fraction of the gas to be heated is sucked through the openings 24 ′, as well as the air supplied by the duct 40.

La figure 4 montre une forme modifiée du brûleur de la figure 1 qui permet de maintenir la teneur en oxydes d'azote des gaz réchauffés à une valeur particulièrement faible. Pour cela une partie seulement du débit total de gaz combustible alimentant le tube 10" est injectée par les trous 14", l'autre partie étant injectée à l'avant du brûleur au moyen de tubulures coudées 50 espacées sur toute la longueur du brûleur ; l'extrémité de ces tubulures, qui peuvent éventuellement être munies d'injecteurs, se trouve approximativement dans le même plan que le bord avant des ailes du stabilisateur 12" et à l'extérieur de celui-ci.FIG. 4 shows a modified form of the burner of FIG. 1 which makes it possible to keep the nitrogen oxide content of the heated gases at a particularly low value. For this, only part of the total flow of combustible gas feeding the tube 10 "is injected through the holes 14", the other part being injected at the front of the burner by means of bent pipes 50 spaced along the entire length of the burner; the end of these tubes, which may optionally be fitted with injectors, is approximately in the same plane as the front edge of the wings of the stabilizer 12 "and outside of it.

Dans l'exemple représenté, une seule rangée de tubulures est prévue sur un côté du brûleur, mais elles pourraient être disposées de part et d'autre du brûleur. En variante, l'injection d'une partie du gaz combustible à l'avant du brûleur pourrait être réalisée au moyen d'un ou deux tubes percés de trous ou munis d'injecteurs, disposés parallèlement au tube 10", près du bord de l'une des ailes ou des deux ailes, respectivement, du stabilisateur de flamme, à l'extérieur de celui-ci, et raccordés au tube 10".In the example shown, a single row of pipes is provided on one side of the burner, but they could be arranged on either side of the burner. As a variant, the injection of part of the combustible gas at the front of the burner could be carried out by means of one or two tubes pierced with holes or fitted with injectors, arranged parallel to the tube 10 ", near the edge of one of the wings or of the two wings, respectively, of the flame stabilizer, outside of the latter, and connected to the tube 10 ".

De nombreuses modifications peuvent être apportées aux formes de réalisation décrites, notamment en ce qui concerne les formes et les dimensions du tube d'alimentation en gaz combustible et du stabilisateur de flamme et leur disposition relative.Many modifications can be made to the embodiments described, in particular as regards the shapes and dimensions of the fuel gas supply tube and of the flame stabilizer and their relative arrangement.

Claims (8)

1. Burner mounted transversely in a conduit for heating a combustion supporting gas flowing at high speed in this conduit and consisting of a tube fed with combustible gas and provided with holes, possibly fitted with injectors, permitting to emit gas jets directed in the downstream direction, and a flame stabilizer comprising two divergent wings forming a deflector and delimiting a zone shielded from the stream of gas to be heated, characterized in that it comprises, downstram of each hole (14, 14"), or injector (44) and coaxially to this one, a convergent- divergent nozzle (26, 26', 26") arranged so that the jet of gas streaming from the said hole or injector creates a negative pressure at the inlet of the nozzle, and in that the nozzle inlet is connected with the said conduit inner space surrounding the burner by at least one opening (24, 24', 24") positioned so as to eliminate the influence of the dynamic pressure of the gas to be heated on the flow rate of gas drawn-in by the nozzle through the said opening.
2. Burner according to claim 1, characterized in that the space between the nozzles (26) and the tube (10) is closed by two wall elements (18) fixed on the tube and positioned approximately parallel to the plane containing the centerlines of the nozzles and by a front wall (20) connected to the said wall elements and supporting the nozzles, and in that openings (24) are provided in the said wall elements.
3. Burner according to claim 1, characterized in that the said tube (10') is enclosed in an air feed duct (40) the wall of which is partly made up of two wall elements (18') arranged nearly parallel to the plane containing the centerlines of the nozzles and of a front wall (20') supporting the nozzles (26'), and in that openings (24') are provided in the said wall elements.
4. Burner according to claim 1, 2 or 3, characterized in that it comprises means (50) to divert a part of the total combustible gas flow rate feeding the said tube (10") and to inject it in the flame of the burner.
5. Burner according to claim 4, characterized in that the said injection means consist of pipes (50) connected up to the said tube (10") and the end of which is practically in the plane of the edge of the wings of the flame stabilizer (12") and outside this stabilizer.
6. Burner according to claim 2 or 3, characterized in that the said front wall is made up of two wall elements (20, 20') converging in the downstream direction and forming a dihedron the edge of which is situated in the plane of the centerlines of the nozzles.
7. Burner according to claim 2, 3 or 6, characterized in that the wings (16, 16') of the flame stabilizer (12, 12') are integral with the said wall elements (18, 18').
8. Burner according to anyone of the above claims, characterized in that the flame stabilizer (12, 12') is made up of several modular elements fixed side by side on the said tube (10, 10') and each modular element comprises one or several nozzles.
EP88402659A 1987-10-23 1988-10-21 Gas burner for heating an air stream or other oxidant gas Expired - Lifetime EP0313469B1 (en)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AT88402659T ATE59452T1 (en) 1987-10-23 1988-10-21 GAS BURNER FOR HEATING AN AIR STREAM OR OTHER OXYGEN CONTAINING GAS.

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR8714686 1987-10-23
FR8714686A FR2622277B1 (en) 1987-10-23 1987-10-23 GAS BURNER FOR HEATING AN AIR STREAM OR OTHER COMBUSTION GAS

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0313469A1 EP0313469A1 (en) 1989-04-26
EP0313469B1 true EP0313469B1 (en) 1990-12-27

Family

ID=9356111

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Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP88402659A Expired - Lifetime EP0313469B1 (en) 1987-10-23 1988-10-21 Gas burner for heating an air stream or other oxidant gas

Country Status (10)

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US (1) US4895514A (en)
EP (1) EP0313469B1 (en)
JP (1) JPH01134107A (en)
KR (1) KR910004773B1 (en)
AT (1) ATE59452T1 (en)
CA (1) CA1326810C (en)
DE (1) DE3861454D1 (en)
ES (1) ES2019469B3 (en)
FR (1) FR2622277B1 (en)
GR (1) GR3001650T3 (en)

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GB8824575D0 (en) * 1988-10-20 1988-11-23 Airoil Flaregas Ltd Improvements in burner assemblies
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US6190163B1 (en) * 1998-02-24 2001-02-20 Beckett Gas, Inc. Burner nozzle
FR2804748B1 (en) 2000-02-04 2002-04-12 Pillard Chauffage IMPROVEMENT WITH GAS BURNERS FOR HEATING A GAS FLOWING IN A CONDUIT
AUPR292401A0 (en) 2001-02-06 2001-03-01 Silverbrook Research Pty. Ltd. An apparatus and method (ART101)
US6929470B1 (en) * 2002-10-30 2005-08-16 Coen Company, Inc. Low NOx duct burner
GB2397644A (en) * 2003-01-23 2004-07-28 Kallis Haralambous Post-mixed gas burner
US20080145805A1 (en) * 2006-12-14 2008-06-19 Towler Gavin P Process of Using a Fired Heater
EP2218965A1 (en) * 2009-02-16 2010-08-18 Total Petrochemicals Research Feluy Low NOx burner
FR3017445B1 (en) * 2014-02-12 2019-05-24 Fives Pillard VEIN BURNER MODULE
TWI573966B (en) * 2015-07-09 2017-03-11 Bahutong Entpr Ltd Company Gas fireplace and its diversion components

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US4767319A (en) * 1987-03-27 1988-08-30 Coen Company Duct burner

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
US4895514A (en) 1990-01-23
EP0313469A1 (en) 1989-04-26
GR3001650T3 (en) 1992-11-23
FR2622277A1 (en) 1989-04-28
KR890007021A (en) 1989-06-17
JPH0549888B2 (en) 1993-07-27
KR910004773B1 (en) 1991-07-13
ES2019469B3 (en) 1991-06-16
CA1326810C (en) 1994-02-08
FR2622277B1 (en) 1990-02-23
JPH01134107A (en) 1989-05-26
DE3861454D1 (en) 1991-02-07
ATE59452T1 (en) 1991-01-15

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