AUPR292401A0 - An apparatus and method (ART101) - Google Patents

An apparatus and method (ART101)

Info

Publication number
AUPR292401A0
AUPR292401A0 AUPR2924A AUPR292401A AUPR292401A0 AU PR292401 A0 AUPR292401 A0 AU PR292401A0 AU PR2924 A AUPR2924 A AU PR2924A AU PR292401 A AUPR292401 A AU PR292401A AU PR292401 A0 AUPR292401 A0 AU PR292401A0
Authority
AU
Australia
Prior art keywords
nozzle chamber
substrate
fluid
inlet channels
nozzle
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Abandoned
Application number
AUPR2924A
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Silverbrook Research Pty Ltd
Original Assignee
Silverbrook Research Pty Ltd
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Silverbrook Research Pty Ltd filed Critical Silverbrook Research Pty Ltd
Priority to AUPR2924A priority Critical patent/AUPR292401A0/en
Publication of AUPR292401A0 publication Critical patent/AUPR292401A0/en
Priority to AU2002224667A priority patent/AU2002224667B2/en
Priority to CNB02804634XA priority patent/CN1328054C/en
Priority to AU2005201279A priority patent/AU2005201279B2/en
Priority to AT02715316T priority patent/ATE360529T1/en
Priority to JP2002562568A priority patent/JP3960918B2/en
Priority to EP02715316A priority patent/EP1365918B1/en
Priority to DE60219768T priority patent/DE60219768D1/en
Priority to PCT/AU2002/000068 priority patent/WO2002062582A1/en
Priority to US10/052,400 priority patent/US6679582B2/en
Priority to US10/470,948 priority patent/US6969145B2/en
Priority to KR1020037010371A priority patent/KR100553561B1/en
Priority to IL15724002A priority patent/IL157240A0/en
Priority to ZA2003/06303A priority patent/ZA200306303B/en
Priority to US11/202,344 priority patent/US7461918B2/en
Abandoned legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B41—PRINTING; LINING MACHINES; TYPEWRITERS; STAMPS
    • B41J—TYPEWRITERS; SELECTIVE PRINTING MECHANISMS, i.e. MECHANISMS PRINTING OTHERWISE THAN FROM A FORME; CORRECTION OF TYPOGRAPHICAL ERRORS
    • B41J2/00—Typewriters or selective printing mechanisms characterised by the printing or marking process for which they are designed
    • B41J2/005—Typewriters or selective printing mechanisms characterised by the printing or marking process for which they are designed characterised by bringing liquid or particles selectively into contact with a printing material
    • B41J2/01—Ink jet
    • B41J2/135—Nozzles
    • B41J2/14—Structure thereof only for on-demand ink jet heads
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B41—PRINTING; LINING MACHINES; TYPEWRITERS; STAMPS
    • B41J—TYPEWRITERS; SELECTIVE PRINTING MECHANISMS, i.e. MECHANISMS PRINTING OTHERWISE THAN FROM A FORME; CORRECTION OF TYPOGRAPHICAL ERRORS
    • B41J2/00—Typewriters or selective printing mechanisms characterised by the printing or marking process for which they are designed
    • B41J2/005—Typewriters or selective printing mechanisms characterised by the printing or marking process for which they are designed characterised by bringing liquid or particles selectively into contact with a printing material
    • B41J2/01—Ink jet
    • B41J2/135—Nozzles
    • B41J2/14—Structure thereof only for on-demand ink jet heads
    • B41J2/14427—Structure of ink jet print heads with thermal bend detached actuators
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B41—PRINTING; LINING MACHINES; TYPEWRITERS; STAMPS
    • B41J—TYPEWRITERS; SELECTIVE PRINTING MECHANISMS, i.e. MECHANISMS PRINTING OTHERWISE THAN FROM A FORME; CORRECTION OF TYPOGRAPHICAL ERRORS
    • B41J2/00—Typewriters or selective printing mechanisms characterised by the printing or marking process for which they are designed
    • B41J2/005—Typewriters or selective printing mechanisms characterised by the printing or marking process for which they are designed characterised by bringing liquid or particles selectively into contact with a printing material
    • B41J2/01—Ink jet
    • B41J2/135—Nozzles
    • B41J2/16—Production of nozzles
    • B41J2/1621—Manufacturing processes
    • B41J2/1626—Manufacturing processes etching
    • B41J2/1628—Manufacturing processes etching dry etching
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B41—PRINTING; LINING MACHINES; TYPEWRITERS; STAMPS
    • B41J—TYPEWRITERS; SELECTIVE PRINTING MECHANISMS, i.e. MECHANISMS PRINTING OTHERWISE THAN FROM A FORME; CORRECTION OF TYPOGRAPHICAL ERRORS
    • B41J2/00—Typewriters or selective printing mechanisms characterised by the printing or marking process for which they are designed
    • B41J2/005—Typewriters or selective printing mechanisms characterised by the printing or marking process for which they are designed characterised by bringing liquid or particles selectively into contact with a printing material
    • B41J2/01—Ink jet
    • B41J2/135—Nozzles
    • B41J2/16—Production of nozzles
    • B41J2/1621—Manufacturing processes
    • B41J2/1631—Manufacturing processes photolithography
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B41—PRINTING; LINING MACHINES; TYPEWRITERS; STAMPS
    • B41J—TYPEWRITERS; SELECTIVE PRINTING MECHANISMS, i.e. MECHANISMS PRINTING OTHERWISE THAN FROM A FORME; CORRECTION OF TYPOGRAPHICAL ERRORS
    • B41J2/00—Typewriters or selective printing mechanisms characterised by the printing or marking process for which they are designed
    • B41J2/005—Typewriters or selective printing mechanisms characterised by the printing or marking process for which they are designed characterised by bringing liquid or particles selectively into contact with a printing material
    • B41J2/01—Ink jet
    • B41J2/135—Nozzles
    • B41J2/16—Production of nozzles
    • B41J2/1621—Manufacturing processes
    • B41J2/1637—Manufacturing processes molding
    • B41J2/1639—Manufacturing processes molding sacrificial molding
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B41—PRINTING; LINING MACHINES; TYPEWRITERS; STAMPS
    • B41J—TYPEWRITERS; SELECTIVE PRINTING MECHANISMS, i.e. MECHANISMS PRINTING OTHERWISE THAN FROM A FORME; CORRECTION OF TYPOGRAPHICAL ERRORS
    • B41J2/00—Typewriters or selective printing mechanisms characterised by the printing or marking process for which they are designed
    • B41J2/005—Typewriters or selective printing mechanisms characterised by the printing or marking process for which they are designed characterised by bringing liquid or particles selectively into contact with a printing material
    • B41J2/01—Ink jet
    • B41J2/135—Nozzles
    • B41J2/16—Production of nozzles
    • B41J2/1621—Manufacturing processes
    • B41J2/164—Manufacturing processes thin film formation
    • B41J2/1642—Manufacturing processes thin film formation thin film formation by CVD [chemical vapor deposition]
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B41—PRINTING; LINING MACHINES; TYPEWRITERS; STAMPS
    • B41J—TYPEWRITERS; SELECTIVE PRINTING MECHANISMS, i.e. MECHANISMS PRINTING OTHERWISE THAN FROM A FORME; CORRECTION OF TYPOGRAPHICAL ERRORS
    • B41J2/00—Typewriters or selective printing mechanisms characterised by the printing or marking process for which they are designed
    • B41J2/005—Typewriters or selective printing mechanisms characterised by the printing or marking process for which they are designed characterised by bringing liquid or particles selectively into contact with a printing material
    • B41J2/01—Ink jet
    • B41J2/135—Nozzles
    • B41J2/16—Production of nozzles
    • B41J2/1621—Manufacturing processes
    • B41J2/164—Manufacturing processes thin film formation
    • B41J2/1645—Manufacturing processes thin film formation thin film formation by spincoating
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B41—PRINTING; LINING MACHINES; TYPEWRITERS; STAMPS
    • B41J—TYPEWRITERS; SELECTIVE PRINTING MECHANISMS, i.e. MECHANISMS PRINTING OTHERWISE THAN FROM A FORME; CORRECTION OF TYPOGRAPHICAL ERRORS
    • B41J2/00—Typewriters or selective printing mechanisms characterised by the printing or marking process for which they are designed
    • B41J2/005—Typewriters or selective printing mechanisms characterised by the printing or marking process for which they are designed characterised by bringing liquid or particles selectively into contact with a printing material
    • B41J2/01—Ink jet
    • B41J2/135—Nozzles
    • B41J2/16—Production of nozzles
    • B41J2/1621—Manufacturing processes
    • B41J2/164—Manufacturing processes thin film formation
    • B41J2/1646—Manufacturing processes thin film formation thin film formation by sputtering
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B41—PRINTING; LINING MACHINES; TYPEWRITERS; STAMPS
    • B41J—TYPEWRITERS; SELECTIVE PRINTING MECHANISMS, i.e. MECHANISMS PRINTING OTHERWISE THAN FROM A FORME; CORRECTION OF TYPOGRAPHICAL ERRORS
    • B41J2/00—Typewriters or selective printing mechanisms characterised by the printing or marking process for which they are designed
    • B41J2/005—Typewriters or selective printing mechanisms characterised by the printing or marking process for which they are designed characterised by bringing liquid or particles selectively into contact with a printing material
    • B41J2/01—Ink jet
    • B41J2/135—Nozzles
    • B41J2/16—Production of nozzles
    • B41J2/1648—Production of print heads with thermal bend detached actuators
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B41—PRINTING; LINING MACHINES; TYPEWRITERS; STAMPS
    • B41J—TYPEWRITERS; SELECTIVE PRINTING MECHANISMS, i.e. MECHANISMS PRINTING OTHERWISE THAN FROM A FORME; CORRECTION OF TYPOGRAPHICAL ERRORS
    • B41J2/00—Typewriters or selective printing mechanisms characterised by the printing or marking process for which they are designed
    • B41J2/005—Typewriters or selective printing mechanisms characterised by the printing or marking process for which they are designed characterised by bringing liquid or particles selectively into contact with a printing material
    • B41J2/01—Ink jet
    • B41J2/135—Nozzles
    • B41J2/165—Prevention or detection of nozzle clogging, e.g. cleaning, capping or moistening for nozzles
    • B41J2/16502—Printhead constructions to prevent nozzle clogging or facilitate nozzle cleaning
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B41—PRINTING; LINING MACHINES; TYPEWRITERS; STAMPS
    • B41J—TYPEWRITERS; SELECTIVE PRINTING MECHANISMS, i.e. MECHANISMS PRINTING OTHERWISE THAN FROM A FORME; CORRECTION OF TYPOGRAPHICAL ERRORS
    • B41J2/00—Typewriters or selective printing mechanisms characterised by the printing or marking process for which they are designed
    • B41J2/005—Typewriters or selective printing mechanisms characterised by the printing or marking process for which they are designed characterised by bringing liquid or particles selectively into contact with a printing material
    • B41J2/01—Ink jet
    • B41J2/135—Nozzles
    • B41J2/165—Prevention or detection of nozzle clogging, e.g. cleaning, capping or moistening for nozzles
    • B41J2/16579—Detection means therefor, e.g. for nozzle clogging
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B41—PRINTING; LINING MACHINES; TYPEWRITERS; STAMPS
    • B41J—TYPEWRITERS; SELECTIVE PRINTING MECHANISMS, i.e. MECHANISMS PRINTING OTHERWISE THAN FROM A FORME; CORRECTION OF TYPOGRAPHICAL ERRORS
    • B41J2/00—Typewriters or selective printing mechanisms characterised by the printing or marking process for which they are designed
    • B41J2/005—Typewriters or selective printing mechanisms characterised by the printing or marking process for which they are designed characterised by bringing liquid or particles selectively into contact with a printing material
    • B41J2/01—Ink jet
    • B41J2/135—Nozzles
    • B41J2/14—Structure thereof only for on-demand ink jet heads
    • B41J2002/14354—Sensor in each pressure chamber
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B41—PRINTING; LINING MACHINES; TYPEWRITERS; STAMPS
    • B41J—TYPEWRITERS; SELECTIVE PRINTING MECHANISMS, i.e. MECHANISMS PRINTING OTHERWISE THAN FROM A FORME; CORRECTION OF TYPOGRAPHICAL ERRORS
    • B41J2/00—Typewriters or selective printing mechanisms characterised by the printing or marking process for which they are designed
    • B41J2/005—Typewriters or selective printing mechanisms characterised by the printing or marking process for which they are designed characterised by bringing liquid or particles selectively into contact with a printing material
    • B41J2/01—Ink jet
    • B41J2/135—Nozzles
    • B41J2/14—Structure thereof only for on-demand ink jet heads
    • B41J2/14427—Structure of ink jet print heads with thermal bend detached actuators
    • B41J2002/14435—Moving nozzle made of thermal bend detached actuator
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B41—PRINTING; LINING MACHINES; TYPEWRITERS; STAMPS
    • B41J—TYPEWRITERS; SELECTIVE PRINTING MECHANISMS, i.e. MECHANISMS PRINTING OTHERWISE THAN FROM A FORME; CORRECTION OF TYPOGRAPHICAL ERRORS
    • B41J2/00—Typewriters or selective printing mechanisms characterised by the printing or marking process for which they are designed
    • B41J2/005—Typewriters or selective printing mechanisms characterised by the printing or marking process for which they are designed characterised by bringing liquid or particles selectively into contact with a printing material
    • B41J2/01—Ink jet
    • B41J2/135—Nozzles
    • B41J2/14—Structure thereof only for on-demand ink jet heads
    • B41J2/14427—Structure of ink jet print heads with thermal bend detached actuators
    • B41J2002/14443—Nozzle guard

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Particle Formation And Scattering Control In Inkjet Printers (AREA)
  • Nozzles (AREA)
  • Looms (AREA)
  • Percussion Or Vibration Massage (AREA)
  • Fluid-Damping Devices (AREA)
  • Non-Silver Salt Photosensitive Materials And Non-Silver Salt Photography (AREA)
  • Transition And Organic Metals Composition Catalysts For Addition Polymerization (AREA)

Abstract

A micro-electromechanical integrated circuit device includes a substrate that defines a plurality of fluid inlet channels. Drive circuitry is positioned on the substrate. A plurality of fixed nozzle chamber walls is positioned on the substrate about respective fluid inlet channels. A plurality of movable nozzle chamber structures is positioned over respective nozzle chamber walls so that nozzle chambers are defined by the nozzle chamber walls and the nozzle chamber structures. The nozzle chambers are in fluid communication with respective fluid inlet channels and the nozzle chamber structures each define a fluid ejection port. The device includes a plurality of elongate actuators. Each elongate actuator is fast at one end with the substrate to receive electrical signals from the drive circuitry and fast at an opposite end with a respective nozzle chamber structure so that, on receipt of an electrical signal, the actuators are operable to displace the movable nozzle chamber structures towards and away from the substrate so that fluid is ejected from the fluid ejection ports.
AUPR2924A 2001-02-06 2001-02-06 An apparatus and method (ART101) Abandoned AUPR292401A0 (en)

Priority Applications (15)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AUPR2924A AUPR292401A0 (en) 2001-02-06 2001-02-06 An apparatus and method (ART101)
CNB02804634XA CN1328054C (en) 2001-02-06 2002-01-22 Flooded nozzle detection
EP02715316A EP1365918B1 (en) 2001-02-06 2002-01-22 Flooded nozzle detection
PCT/AU2002/000068 WO2002062582A1 (en) 2001-02-06 2002-01-22 Flooded nozzle detection
AU2005201279A AU2005201279B2 (en) 2001-02-06 2002-01-22 Inkjet printhead having flooded inkjet nozzle detectors
AT02715316T ATE360529T1 (en) 2001-02-06 2002-01-22 DETECTION OF FLOODED NOZZLES
JP2002562568A JP3960918B2 (en) 2001-02-06 2002-01-22 Print head for nozzle overflow detection
AU2002224667A AU2002224667B2 (en) 2001-02-06 2002-01-22 Flooded nozzle detection
DE60219768T DE60219768D1 (en) 2001-02-06 2002-01-22 CAPTURE OF FLOODED NOZZLES
US10/052,400 US6679582B2 (en) 2001-02-06 2002-01-23 Flooded nozzle detection
IL15724002A IL157240A0 (en) 2001-02-06 2002-01-24 Flooded nozzle detection
US10/470,948 US6969145B2 (en) 2001-02-06 2002-01-24 Nozzle guard for an ink jet printhead
KR1020037010371A KR100553561B1 (en) 2001-02-06 2002-01-24 Printhead for Ink Jet Printer
ZA2003/06303A ZA200306303B (en) 2001-02-06 2003-08-14 Flooded nozzle detection
US11/202,344 US7461918B2 (en) 2001-02-06 2005-08-12 Micro-electromechanical integrated circuit device for fluid ejection

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AUPR2924A AUPR292401A0 (en) 2001-02-06 2001-02-06 An apparatus and method (ART101)

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
AUPR292401A0 true AUPR292401A0 (en) 2001-03-01

Family

ID=3826950

Family Applications (3)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
AUPR2924A Abandoned AUPR292401A0 (en) 2001-02-06 2001-02-06 An apparatus and method (ART101)
AU2005201279A Ceased AU2005201279B2 (en) 2001-02-06 2002-01-22 Inkjet printhead having flooded inkjet nozzle detectors
AU2002224667A Ceased AU2002224667B2 (en) 2001-02-06 2002-01-22 Flooded nozzle detection

Family Applications After (2)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
AU2005201279A Ceased AU2005201279B2 (en) 2001-02-06 2002-01-22 Inkjet printhead having flooded inkjet nozzle detectors
AU2002224667A Ceased AU2002224667B2 (en) 2001-02-06 2002-01-22 Flooded nozzle detection

Country Status (11)

Country Link
US (3) US6679582B2 (en)
EP (1) EP1365918B1 (en)
JP (1) JP3960918B2 (en)
KR (1) KR100553561B1 (en)
CN (1) CN1328054C (en)
AT (1) ATE360529T1 (en)
AU (3) AUPR292401A0 (en)
DE (1) DE60219768D1 (en)
IL (1) IL157240A0 (en)
WO (1) WO2002062582A1 (en)
ZA (1) ZA200306303B (en)

Families Citing this family (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
AUPR292401A0 (en) * 2001-02-06 2001-03-01 Silverbrook Research Pty. Ltd. An apparatus and method (ART101)
AUPR292301A0 (en) * 2001-02-06 2001-03-01 Silverbrook Research Pty. Ltd. A method and apparatus (ART99)
US7182423B2 (en) * 2003-12-08 2007-02-27 Industrial Technology Research Institute Leakage detection apparatus and method for multi-channel inkjet cartridge
US7163274B2 (en) * 2003-12-29 2007-01-16 Industrial Technology Research Institute Inkjet dispensing apparatus
JP7374680B2 (en) * 2019-09-11 2023-11-07 キヤノン株式会社 Discharge material discharge device, imprint device, and detection method

Family Cites Families (20)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4417259A (en) * 1981-02-04 1983-11-22 Sanyo Denki Kabushiki Kaisha Method of preventing ink clogging in ink droplet projecting device, an ink droplet projecting device, and an ink jet printer
DE3688797T2 (en) * 1985-08-13 1993-11-04 Matsushita Electric Ind Co Ltd INK-JET PRINTER.
FR2622277B1 (en) 1987-10-23 1990-02-23 Mecanique Gle Foyers Turbine S GAS BURNER FOR HEATING AN AIR STREAM OR OTHER COMBUSTION GAS
JP2746907B2 (en) 1988-04-05 1998-05-06 株式会社リコー Liquid jet recording head and recording method using the head
US5519420A (en) * 1992-12-21 1996-05-21 Ncr Corporation Air system to protect ink jet head
JP3554099B2 (en) 1996-02-13 2004-08-11 キヤノン株式会社 Inkjet printing equipment
US5929875A (en) * 1996-07-24 1999-07-27 Hewlett-Packard Company Acoustic and ultrasonic monitoring of inkjet droplets
US6682176B2 (en) * 1997-07-15 2004-01-27 Silverbrook Research Pty Ltd Ink jet printhead chip with nozzle arrangements incorporating spaced actuating arms
US6648453B2 (en) * 1997-07-15 2003-11-18 Silverbrook Research Pty Ltd Ink jet printhead chip with predetermined micro-electromechanical systems height
EP0983855A3 (en) * 1998-08-31 2000-08-02 Hewlett-Packard Company Dot substitution to compensate for failed ink jet nozzles
US6345880B1 (en) * 1999-06-04 2002-02-12 Eastman Kodak Company Non-wetting protective layer for ink jet print heads
US6412908B2 (en) * 2000-05-23 2002-07-02 Silverbrook Research Pty Ltd Inkjet collimator
US6328417B1 (en) * 2000-05-23 2001-12-11 Silverbrook Research Pty Ltd Ink jet printhead nozzle array
US6281912B1 (en) * 2000-05-23 2001-08-28 Silverbrook Research Pty Ltd Air supply arrangement for a printer
US6526658B1 (en) * 2000-05-23 2003-03-04 Silverbrook Research Pty Ltd Method of manufacture of an ink jet printhead having a moving nozzle with an externally arranged actuator
ATE377509T1 (en) * 2000-05-24 2007-11-15 Silverbrook Res Pty Ltd NOZZLE PROTECTION FOR AN INKJET PRINTHEAD
US6460964B2 (en) * 2000-11-29 2002-10-08 Hewlett-Packard Company Thermal monitoring system for determining nozzle health
AUPR224000A0 (en) * 2000-12-21 2001-01-25 Silverbrook Research Pty. Ltd. An apparatus (mj28)
AUPR277701A0 (en) * 2001-01-30 2001-02-22 Silverbrook Research Pty. Ltd. An apparatus (art98)
AUPR292401A0 (en) * 2001-02-06 2001-03-01 Silverbrook Research Pty. Ltd. An apparatus and method (ART101)

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
US7461918B2 (en) 2008-12-09
ATE360529T1 (en) 2007-05-15
AU2005201279A1 (en) 2005-04-14
US6969145B2 (en) 2005-11-29
CN1491163A (en) 2004-04-21
US20050270326A1 (en) 2005-12-08
DE60219768D1 (en) 2007-06-06
AU2005201279B2 (en) 2007-10-25
ZA200306303B (en) 2005-12-28
IL157240A0 (en) 2004-02-19
US20020105566A1 (en) 2002-08-08
KR100553561B1 (en) 2006-02-22
JP3960918B2 (en) 2007-08-15
CN1328054C (en) 2007-07-25
EP1365918B1 (en) 2007-04-25
JP2004520202A (en) 2004-07-08
US20040113972A1 (en) 2004-06-17
EP1365918A1 (en) 2003-12-03
WO2002062582A1 (en) 2002-08-15
EP1365918A4 (en) 2005-03-30
KR20030077608A (en) 2003-10-01
AU2002224667B2 (en) 2005-01-20
WO2002062582A8 (en) 2005-10-06
US6679582B2 (en) 2004-01-20

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