EP0310607B1 - Fuel injection valve - Google Patents

Fuel injection valve Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0310607B1
EP0310607B1 EP19870903254 EP87903254A EP0310607B1 EP 0310607 B1 EP0310607 B1 EP 0310607B1 EP 19870903254 EP19870903254 EP 19870903254 EP 87903254 A EP87903254 A EP 87903254A EP 0310607 B1 EP0310607 B1 EP 0310607B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
valve
fuel injection
injection valve
ellipse
section
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
EP19870903254
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP0310607A1 (en
Inventor
Waldemar Hans
Wilhelm Kind
Manfred Kirchner
Siegfried Werner
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Robert Bosch GmbH
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Robert Bosch GmbH
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Publication date
Priority claimed from DE3710467A external-priority patent/DE3710467C2/en
Application filed by Robert Bosch GmbH filed Critical Robert Bosch GmbH
Priority to AT87903254T priority Critical patent/ATE62323T1/en
Publication of EP0310607A1 publication Critical patent/EP0310607A1/en
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Publication of EP0310607B1 publication Critical patent/EP0310607B1/en
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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
    • F02M61/00—Fuel-injectors not provided for in groups F02M39/00 - F02M57/00 or F02M67/00
    • F02M61/16—Details not provided for in, or of interest apart from, the apparatus of groups F02M61/02 - F02M61/14
    • F02M61/18—Injection nozzles, e.g. having valve seats; Details of valve member seated ends, not otherwise provided for
    • F02M61/188—Spherical or partly spherical shaped valve member ends
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
    • F02M51/00—Fuel-injection apparatus characterised by being operated electrically
    • F02M51/06—Injectors peculiar thereto with means directly operating the valve needle
    • F02M51/061—Injectors peculiar thereto with means directly operating the valve needle using electromagnetic operating means
    • F02M51/0625—Injectors peculiar thereto with means directly operating the valve needle using electromagnetic operating means characterised by arrangement of mobile armatures
    • F02M51/0664—Injectors peculiar thereto with means directly operating the valve needle using electromagnetic operating means characterised by arrangement of mobile armatures having a cylindrically or partly cylindrically shaped armature, e.g. entering the winding; having a plate-shaped or undulated armature entering the winding
    • F02M51/0671—Injectors peculiar thereto with means directly operating the valve needle using electromagnetic operating means characterised by arrangement of mobile armatures having a cylindrically or partly cylindrically shaped armature, e.g. entering the winding; having a plate-shaped or undulated armature entering the winding the armature having an elongated valve body attached thereto
    • F02M51/0675—Injectors peculiar thereto with means directly operating the valve needle using electromagnetic operating means characterised by arrangement of mobile armatures having a cylindrically or partly cylindrically shaped armature, e.g. entering the winding; having a plate-shaped or undulated armature entering the winding the armature having an elongated valve body attached thereto the valve body having cylindrical guiding or metering portions, e.g. with fuel passages
    • F02M51/0678—Injectors peculiar thereto with means directly operating the valve needle using electromagnetic operating means characterised by arrangement of mobile armatures having a cylindrically or partly cylindrically shaped armature, e.g. entering the winding; having a plate-shaped or undulated armature entering the winding the armature having an elongated valve body attached thereto the valve body having cylindrical guiding or metering portions, e.g. with fuel passages all portions having fuel passages, e.g. flats, grooves, diameter reductions
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
    • F02M51/00—Fuel-injection apparatus characterised by being operated electrically
    • F02M51/06—Injectors peculiar thereto with means directly operating the valve needle
    • F02M51/08—Injectors peculiar thereto with means directly operating the valve needle specially for low-pressure fuel-injection
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
    • F02M61/00—Fuel-injectors not provided for in groups F02M39/00 - F02M57/00 or F02M67/00
    • F02M61/04—Fuel-injectors not provided for in groups F02M39/00 - F02M57/00 or F02M67/00 having valves, e.g. having a plurality of valves in series
    • F02M61/06—Fuel-injectors not provided for in groups F02M39/00 - F02M57/00 or F02M67/00 having valves, e.g. having a plurality of valves in series the valves being furnished at seated ends with pintle or plug shaped extensions
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
    • F02M61/00—Fuel-injectors not provided for in groups F02M39/00 - F02M57/00 or F02M67/00
    • F02M61/16—Details not provided for in, or of interest apart from, the apparatus of groups F02M61/02 - F02M61/14
    • F02M61/18—Injection nozzles, e.g. having valve seats; Details of valve member seated ends, not otherwise provided for
    • F02M61/1853—Orifice plates
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10S239/00—Fluid sprinkling, spraying, and diffusing
    • Y10S239/90—Electromagnetically actuated fuel injector having ball and seat type valve

Definitions

  • the invention is based on a fuel injection valve according to the preamble of claim 1 or 3.
  • Known fuel injectors working with a valve needle as a closure part have a conical sealing seat at the tip of the valve needle, which in cooperation with a likewise conical valve seat surface has a flow opening for the fuel releases or closes.
  • Such a fuel injection valve for example described in DE-A-34 18 762, has the disadvantage that burrs can arise when grinding the sealing surfaces of the valve needle, as a result of which the sealing effect and the quality of the throughflow deteriorate. If these burrs are removed afterwards, shape errors and edge damage to the sealing seat can occur.
  • An injection valve (BE-A-365 876) is also known, in which the closure part of the valve needle has the shape of a cycloid.
  • Cycloids are known to be geometric curves that are created by rolling circles on solid roller tracks.
  • the cycloid also has a relatively weak curvature, so that here too there is more of a flat contact between the closure part and the valve seat surface and the disadvantages already described are present. If you place a circle in the curve of the cycloid of this known injection valve, the diameter of this circle goes beyond the center line of the valve needle.
  • the sealing seat of the valve needle is formed from two oblique straight lines. A rounding is neither described nor can it be taken from the illustration. Furthermore, the coil space is not arranged in the valve housing, but in an attached housing, so that the valve housing does not have to consist of a ferromagnetic material.
  • the fuel injection valve according to the invention with the characterizing features of claims 1 and 3, on the other hand, has the advantage of easy and precise manufacture, burrs and other impurities which impair the flow are avoided.
  • the smooth surface contour of the valve needle and valve seat surface results in a very good correlation between the stroke of the valve needle and the outflowing amount of fuel. Since hydraulic sticking of the valve needle to the valve seat surface is largely avoided, the fuel injection valve operates with a short opening time.
  • FIG. 1 shows an advantageous embodiment of the fuel injection valve according to the invention
  • FIG. 2 shows two different exemplary embodiments of the valve needle in the area of the sealing seat as a detail from FIG. 1 in the form of two half-cuts.
  • the fuel injection valve shown in the drawing for example, for a fuel injection system of a mixture-compressing, spark-ignition internal combustion engine has a valve housing 1 made of ferromagnetic material, in which a magnet coil 3 is arranged on a coil carrier 2.
  • the magnet coil 3 has a power supply via a plug connection 4 which is embedded in a plastic ring 5 which partially encompasses the valve housing 1.
  • the coil carrier 2 of the magnet coil 3 is seated in a coil space 6 of the valve housing 1 on a connecting piece 7 which supplies the fuel, for example gasoline, and which projects partially into the valve housing 1.
  • the valve housing 1 partially encloses a nozzle body 9 facing away from the fuel nozzle 7.
  • a cylindrical armature 14 is located between an end face 11 of the connection piece 7 and a stop plate 12, which has a certain thickness and which is placed on an inner shoulder 13 of the valve housing 1, for precise adjustment of the valve.
  • the armature 14 is made of a non-corrosion-sensitive, magnetic material and is located at a small radial distance from a magnetically conductive shoulder of the valve housing 1, in this way forming an annular magnetic gap between the armature 14 and shoulder, Coaxial in the valve housing 1. From its two end faces, the cylindrical armature 14 is provided with a first 15 and a second 16 coaxial blind bore, the second blind bore 16 opening towards the nozzle body 9. First 15 and second 16 blind holes are connected to one another by a coaxial opening 17.
  • the diameter of the opening 17 is smaller than the diameter of the second blind bore 16.
  • the end section of the armature 14 facing the nozzle body 9 is designed as a deformation region 18.
  • This deformation region 18 has the task of positively connecting the armature 14 to the valve needle 27 by gripping around a holding body 28 which forms part of a valve needle 27 and fills the second blind bore 16.
  • the gripping of the holding body 28 by the deformation area 18 of the armature 14 is achieved by pressing material of the deformation area 18 into grooves 29 located on the holding body 28.
  • a compression spring 30 At the bottom of the first coaxial blind bore 15 is a compression spring 30 at one end, which on the other hand rests against a pipe insert 31 fastened in the connecting piece 7 by screwing or caulking and which tends to anchor 14 and valve needle 27 with a force facing away from the connecting piece 7 act upon.
  • the valve needle 27 penetrates a through hole 34 in the stop plate 12 at a radial distance and is guided in a guide hole 35 of the nozzle body 9.
  • a recess 37 leading from the through hole 34 to the circumference of the stop plate 12, the clear width of which is greater than the diameter of the valve needle 27 in its area surrounded by the stop plate 12.
  • the valve needle 27 has two guide sections 39 and 40, which give the valve needle 27 guidance in the guide bore 35 and one Leave free axial passage for the fuel and are designed, for example, as a square.
  • a cylindrical section 43 of smaller diameter adjoins the downstream second guide section 40.
  • a tapered, conical section 44 joins the cylindrical section 43, which ends in a coaxial, preferably cylindrical pin 45.
  • FIG. 2 which shows a detail from FIG. 1, it can be seen that the transition between the cylindrical section 43 and the conical section 44 is rounded _ approximately in the form of a radius _ and forms a sealing seat 47 which, in cooperation with a nozzle body 9 incorporated conical valve seat surface 48 causes an opening or closing of the fuel injector.
  • the tapered valve seat surface 48 of the nozzle body 9 continues in the direction facing away from the armature 14 in a cylindrical nozzle body opening 49, which extends approximately at the same length as the length of the pin 45, so that an annular gap between the cylindrical nozzle body opening 49 and the cylindrical pin 45 constant cross section remains.
  • the transitions between the conical valve seat surface 48 on the one hand and the cylindrical nozzle body opening 49 on the other hand and the conical section 44 of the valve needle 27 on the one hand and the pin 45 on the other hand are rounded in order to ensure a good flow pattern.
  • the end of the nozzle body 9 in the direction facing away from the armature 14 is formed by a flat side which is interrupted by the mouth of the nozzle body opening 49
  • a plate 55 On the flat side of the nozzle body 9 there is a plate 55 which has a raised edge which roughly follows the contour of the nozzle body 9. The attachment of the plate 55 on the flat side is ensured by a processing sleeve 58. The plate 55 is pressed against the flat side by the processing sleeve 58 embracing and clamping the plate 55.
  • the preparation sleeve 58 can at the same time serve to axially secure a sealing ring 69 which radially surrounds the nozzle body 9, as shown in FIG. 1.
  • a reprocessing bore 70 of preferably cylindrical cross section opens coaxially in the bottom of the reprocessing sleeve 58, which on the other hand ends in a sharp reprocessing edge 71.
  • bores 80 in the plate 55, which lead from upstream to downstream of the plate 55. Upstream of the plate 55, the bores 80 open into the annular space formed between the nozzle body opening 49 and the pin 45. The central axis of the bores 80 is directed directly onto the preparation edge 71 or just upstream thereof.
  • the part of the valve needle 27 which causes the opening and closing of the injection valve together with the conical valve seat surface 48 is designed as a curve 90, via which the cylindrical section 43 of the valve needle 27 continuously merges into the conical section 44. Both the transition from the cylindrical section 43 to the curve 90 and also the transition from the curve 90 to the conical section 44 take place, viewed in the direction of the flow, preferably tangentially.
  • the contour of the curve 90 can be formed by a radius R. If one imagines the radius R describing the curvature 90 expanded to form a circle 93 (shown in broken lines), then all the circles 93 forming the sealing seat 47 together represent a torus 94.
  • the right half section of Figure 2 shows a second embodiment.
  • the curve 90 follows the contour of an imaginary ellipse 96.
  • the arrangement of the ellipse is 96 chosen so that the longer two ellipse radius a, b extends in the axial direction of the injection valve.
  • this should not be seen as a limitation; another position of the contour of the ellipse 96 relative to the valve longitudinal axis is also possible.
  • the rounding 90 is preferably produced by corresponding grinding of the valve needle 27 rotating about its longitudinal axis.
  • the grinding of the entire tip of the valve needle 27 from the cylindrical section 43 to the pin 45 can be carried out in a single machining step.
  • valve needle 27 Due to the comparatively small radius or radius of curvature 90, which leads to a distinctly linear contact between valve needle 27 and conical valve seat surface 48, the tendency of valve needle 27 to hydraulically "stick" to valve seat surface 48 is far less than, for example, with such injection valves, which have spherical closure parts with their rather flat sealing seat.
  • the function of the fuel injector is as follows:
  • the armature 14 When current flows through the magnet coil 3, the armature 14 is pulled in the direction of the connecting piece 7.
  • the valve needle 27, which is fixedly connected to the armature 14, lifts with its sealing seat 47 from the conical valve seat surface 48; a flow cross section is released between the sealing seat 47 and the conical valve seat surface 48, and the fuel can pass through the annular space between the nozzle body opening 49 and the pin 45 to the bores 80 reach.
  • the bores 80 are flowed through by the fuel under a high pressure drop, since these form the narrowest flow cross section within the fuel injection valve.
  • the size of the bores 80 thus decides the flow rate of the sprayed fuel, the person skilled in the art speaks of "metering".
  • the fuel jet emerging from the bores 80 is directed onto the processing bore 70 in such a way that it strikes the processing edge 71 just upstream or directly.
  • the impact speed is so great that one can speak of a "bounce”.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Electromagnetism (AREA)
  • Fuel-Injection Apparatus (AREA)

Abstract

The fuel injection valve has a ferromagnetic valve housing containing a magnetic coil surrounding a core to which the valve armature is attached. The valve armature supports a valve needle (27) cooperating with an annular valve seat (48). The seal between the valve needle (27) and the valve seat (48) is provided by a rounded surface (90) defined by a toroid (94) with a circular or elliptical cross-section in the outer surface of the valve needle (27). Oref. the toroid (94) has an elliptical cross-section with its major axis parallel to the longitudinal axis of the valve needle (27).

Description

Stand der TechnikState of the art

Die Erfindung geht aus von einem Kraftstoffeinspritzventil nach der Gattung des Anspruches 1 bzw. 3. Bekannte, mit einer Ventilnadel als Verschlußteil arbeitende Kraftstoffeinspritzventile verfügen über einen kegeligen Dichtsitz an der Spitze der Ventilnadel, welcher im Zusammenwirken mit einer ebenfalls kegeligen Ventilsitzfläche eine Strömungsöffnung für den Kraftstoff freigibt oder verschließt. Ein solches, beispielsweise in der DE-A-34 18 762 beschriebenes Kraftstoffeinspritzventil hat den Nachteil, daß beim Schleifen der dichtenden Flächen der Ventilnadel Grate entstehen können, wodurch sich die Dichtwirkung sowie die Qualität der Durchströmung verschlechtern. Werden diese Grate nachträglich entfernt, so können Formfehler und Kantenbeschädigungen am Dichtsitz auftreten.The invention is based on a fuel injection valve according to the preamble of claim 1 or 3. Known fuel injectors working with a valve needle as a closure part have a conical sealing seat at the tip of the valve needle, which in cooperation with a likewise conical valve seat surface has a flow opening for the fuel releases or closes. Such a fuel injection valve, for example described in DE-A-34 18 762, has the disadvantage that burrs can arise when grinding the sealing surfaces of the valve needle, as a result of which the sealing effect and the quality of the throughflow deteriorate. If these burrs are removed afterwards, shape errors and edge damage to the sealing seat can occur.

Andere bekannte Kraftstoffeinspritzventile arbeiten mit kugelförmigen Verschlußteilen, welche an der eigentlichen Ventilnadel befestigt werden (DE-A-33 18 486). Abgesehen von dem bei der Herstellung notwendigen zusätzlichen Fertigungsschritt weisen solche Ventile den Nachteil auf, beim Abheben von der Ventilsitzfläche hydraulisch zu "kleben" und damit verzögert anzusprechen. Dieser Effekt beruht auf der durch den relativ großen Radius der Kugel bedingten, eher flächigen Berührung zwischen Verschlußteil und Ventilsitzfläche; beim Abheben beider Teile voneinander entsteht ein kurzzeitiger Unterdruck am Dichtsitz, da Kraftstoff nur verzögert in das freiwerdende Volumen einströmt.Other known fuel injection valves work with spherical closure parts which are attached to the actual valve needle (DE-A-33 18 486). Apart from the additional manufacturing step required in the manufacture, such valves have the disadvantage of hydraulically "sticking" when lifting off the valve seat surface and thus responding with a delay. This effect is based on the rather flat contact between the closure part and the valve seat surface due to the relatively large radius of the ball; When the two parts are lifted from each other, there is a brief vacuum at the sealing seat, as fuel only flows into the released volume with a delay.

Bekannt ist ebenfalls ein Einspritzventil (BE-A-365 876), bei dem das Verschlußteil der Ventilnadel die Form einer Zykloide hat.An injection valve (BE-A-365 876) is also known, in which the closure part of the valve needle has the shape of a cycloid.

Zykloiden sind bekanntermaßen geometrische Kurven, die durch Abwälzen von Kreisen auf festen Wälzbahnen entstehen. Auch die Zykloide hat noch eine relativ schwache Krümmung, so daß auch hierbei eher eine flächige Berührung zwischen Verschlußteil und Ventilsitzfläche und die bereits beschriebenen Nachteile gegeben sind. Legt man einen Kreis in die Kurve der Zykloide dieses bekannten Einspritzventiles, so geht der Durchmesser dieses Kreises über die Mittellinie der Ventilnadel hinaus.Cycloids are known to be geometric curves that are created by rolling circles on solid roller tracks. The cycloid also has a relatively weak curvature, so that here too there is more of a flat contact between the closure part and the valve seat surface and the disadvantages already described are present. If you place a circle in the curve of the cycloid of this known injection valve, the diameter of this circle goes beyond the center line of the valve needle.

Bei einem weiteren bekannten Einspritzventil (DE-A-14 76 146) ist der Dichtsitz der Ventilnadel aus zwei schrägen Geraden gebildet. Eine Rundung ist dabei weder beschrieben noch kann sie aus der Abbildung entnommen werden. Weiterhin ist der Spulenraum nicht im Ventilgehäuse angeordnet, sondern in einem aufgesetzten Gehäuse, so daß das Ventilgehäuse nicht aus einem ferromagnetischen Material bestehen braucht.In a further known injection valve (DE-A-14 76 146) the sealing seat of the valve needle is formed from two oblique straight lines. A rounding is neither described nor can it be taken from the illustration. Furthermore, the coil space is not arranged in the valve housing, but in an attached housing, so that the valve housing does not have to consist of a ferromagnetic material.

Vorteile der ErfindungAdvantages of the invention

Das erfindungsgemäße Kraftstoffeinspritzventil mit den kennzeichnenden Merkmalen des Anspruches 1 bzw. 3 hat demgegenüber den Vorteil einer leichten und genauen Fertigung, wobei Grate und andere die Durchströmung verschlechternde Unsauberheiten vermieden werden. Außerdem bewirkt die glatte Oberflächenkontur von Ventilnadel und Ventilsitzfläche eine sehr gute Korrelation zwischen dem Hub der Ventilnadel und der abströmenden Kraftstoffmenge. Da ein hydraulisches Kleben der Ventilnadel an der Ventilsitzfläche weitgehend vermieden wird, arbeitet das Kraftstoffeinspritzventil mit einer kurzen Öffnungszeit.The fuel injection valve according to the invention with the characterizing features of claims 1 and 3, on the other hand, has the advantage of easy and precise manufacture, burrs and other impurities which impair the flow are avoided. In addition, the smooth surface contour of the valve needle and valve seat surface results in a very good correlation between the stroke of the valve needle and the outflowing amount of fuel. Since hydraulic sticking of the valve needle to the valve seat surface is largely avoided, the fuel injection valve operates with a short opening time.

Die Definition von "Torus" ist nach Duden, Fremdwörterbuch (Band 5), 2. verbesserte und vermehrte Auflage: "Ringfläche, die durch Drehung eines Kreises um eine in der Kreisebene liegende, den Kreis aber nicht treffende Gerade entsteht".According to Duden, Fremdwörterbuch (Volume 5), 2nd improved and increased edition, the definition of "Torus" is: "Ring surface that is created by rotating a circle around a straight line lying in the circular plane but not hitting the circle".

Durch die in den abhängigen Ansprüchen aufgeführten Maßnahmen sind vorteilhafte Weiterbildungen und Verbesserungen des in dem Anspruch 1 bzw. 3 angegebenen Kraftstoffeinspritzventiles möglich.Advantageous further developments and improvements of the fuel injection valve specified in claims 1 and 3 are possible through the measures listed in the dependent claims.

Vorteilhaft ist es insbesondere, auch die stromab des Dichtsitzes angeordneten Übergänge zu runden, um einen gleichmäßigen Kraftstofffluß vom Dichtsitz weg zu erreichen.It is particularly advantageous to also round the transitions arranged downstream of the sealing seat in order to achieve a uniform fuel flow away from the sealing seat.

Zeichnungdrawing

Ein Ausführungsbeispiel der Erfindung ist in der Zeichnung vereinfacht dargestellt und in der nachfolgenden Beschreibung näher erläutert. Figur 1 zeigt eine vorteilhafte Ausführungsform des erfindungsgemäßen Kraftstoffeinspritzventiles, Figur 2 in Form zweier Halbschnitte zwei verschiedene Ausführungsbeispiele der Ventilnadel im Bereich des Dichtsitzes als Ausschnitt aus Figur 1.An embodiment of the invention is shown in simplified form in the drawing and explained in more detail in the following description. FIG. 1 shows an advantageous embodiment of the fuel injection valve according to the invention, FIG. 2 shows two different exemplary embodiments of the valve needle in the area of the sealing seat as a detail from FIG. 1 in the form of two half-cuts.

Beschreibung des AusführungsbeispielesDescription of the embodiment

Das in der Zeichnung beispielsweise dargestellte Kraftstoffeinspritzventil für eine Kraftstoffeinspritzanlage einer gemischverdichtenden, fremdgezündeten Brennkraftmaschine hat ein Ventilgehäuse 1 aus ferromagnetischem Material, in dem auf einem Spulenträger 2 eine Magnetspule 3 angeordnet ist. Die Magnetspule 3 hat eine Stromzuführung über einen Steckanschluß 4, der in einem das Ventilgehäuse 1 teilweise umgreifenden Kunststoffring 5 eingebettet ist.The fuel injection valve shown in the drawing, for example, for a fuel injection system of a mixture-compressing, spark-ignition internal combustion engine has a valve housing 1 made of ferromagnetic material, in which a magnet coil 3 is arranged on a coil carrier 2. The magnet coil 3 has a power supply via a plug connection 4 which is embedded in a plastic ring 5 which partially encompasses the valve housing 1.

Der Spulenträger 2 der Magnetspule 3 sitzt in einem Spulenraum 6 des Ventilgehäuses 1 auf einem den Kraftstoff, beispielsweise Benzin, zuführenden Anschlußstutzen 7, der teilweise in das Ventilgehäuse 1 ragt. Das Ventilgehäuse 1 umschließt dem Kraftstoffstutzen 7 abgewandt teilweise einen Düsenkörper 9.The coil carrier 2 of the magnet coil 3 is seated in a coil space 6 of the valve housing 1 on a connecting piece 7 which supplies the fuel, for example gasoline, and which projects partially into the valve housing 1. The valve housing 1 partially encloses a nozzle body 9 facing away from the fuel nozzle 7.

Zwischen einer Stirnfläche 11 des Anschlußstutzens 7 und einer zum genauen Einstellen des Ventils eine bestimmte Dicke aufweisenden Anschlagplatte 12, die auf eine Innenschulter 13 des Ventilgehäuses 1 aufgesetzt ist, befindet sich ein zylindrischer Anker 14. Der Anker 14 besteht aus einem nicht korrosionsanfälligen, magnetischen Material und befindet sich mit geringem radialen Abstand zu einem magnetisch leitfähigen Absatz des Ventilgehäuses 1, auf diese Weise zwischen Anker 14 und Absatz einen ringförmigen Magnetspalt bildend, koaxial im Ventilgehäuse 1. Von seinen beiden Stirnflächen aus ist der zylindrische Anker 14 mit einer ersten 15 und einer zweiten 16 koaxialen Sackbohrung versehen, wobei die zweite Sackbohrung 16 sich zum Düsenkörper 9 hin öffnet. Erste 15 und zweite 16 Sackbohrung sind miteinander durch eine koaxiale Öffnung 17 verbunden. Der Durchmesser der Öffnung 17 ist kleiner als der Durchmesser der zweiten Sackbohrung 16. Der dem Düsenkörper 9 zugewandte Endabschnitt des Ankers 14 ist als Verformungsbereich 18 ausgeführt. Dieser Verformungsbereich 18 hat die Aufgabe, durch Umgreifen eines, einen Teil einer Ventilnadel 27 bildenden und die zweite Sackbohrung 16 aussfüllenden Haltekörpers 28 den Anker 14 mit der Ventilnadel 27 formschlüssig zu verbinden. Das Umgreifen des Haltekörpers 28 durch den Verformungsbereich 18 des Ankers 14 wird durch Einpressen von Material des Verformungsbereichs 18 in am Haltekörper 28 befindliche Rillen 29 erreicht.A cylindrical armature 14 is located between an end face 11 of the connection piece 7 and a stop plate 12, which has a certain thickness and which is placed on an inner shoulder 13 of the valve housing 1, for precise adjustment of the valve. The armature 14 is made of a non-corrosion-sensitive, magnetic material and is located at a small radial distance from a magnetically conductive shoulder of the valve housing 1, in this way forming an annular magnetic gap between the armature 14 and shoulder, Coaxial in the valve housing 1. From its two end faces, the cylindrical armature 14 is provided with a first 15 and a second 16 coaxial blind bore, the second blind bore 16 opening towards the nozzle body 9. First 15 and second 16 blind holes are connected to one another by a coaxial opening 17. The diameter of the opening 17 is smaller than the diameter of the second blind bore 16. The end section of the armature 14 facing the nozzle body 9 is designed as a deformation region 18. This deformation region 18 has the task of positively connecting the armature 14 to the valve needle 27 by gripping around a holding body 28 which forms part of a valve needle 27 and fills the second blind bore 16. The gripping of the holding body 28 by the deformation area 18 of the armature 14 is achieved by pressing material of the deformation area 18 into grooves 29 located on the holding body 28.

Am Boden der ersten koaxialen Sackbohrung 15 liegt eine Druckfeder 30 mit ihrem einen Ende an, welche andererseits an einem im Anschlußstutzen 7 durch Verschrauben oder Verstemmen befestigten Rohreinsatz 31 anliegt und welche bestrebt ist, Anker 14 und Ventilnadel 27 mit einer vom Anschlußstutzen 7 abgewandten Kraft zu beaufschlagen.At the bottom of the first coaxial blind bore 15 is a compression spring 30 at one end, which on the other hand rests against a pipe insert 31 fastened in the connecting piece 7 by screwing or caulking and which tends to anchor 14 and valve needle 27 with a force facing away from the connecting piece 7 act upon.

Die Ventilnadel 27 durchdringt mit radialem Abstand eine Durchgangsbohrung 34 in der Anschlagplatte 12 und wird in einer Führungsbohrung 35 des Düsenkörpers 9 geführt. In der Anschlagplatte 12 ist eine von der Durchgangsbohrung 34 zum Umfang der Anschlagplatte 12 führende Aussparung 37 vorgesehen, deren Lichte Weite größer ist als der Durchmesser der Ventilnadel 27 in ihrem von der Anschlagplatte 12 umgebenen Bereich.The valve needle 27 penetrates a through hole 34 in the stop plate 12 at a radial distance and is guided in a guide hole 35 of the nozzle body 9. Provided in the stop plate 12 is a recess 37 leading from the through hole 34 to the circumference of the stop plate 12, the clear width of which is greater than the diameter of the valve needle 27 in its area surrounded by the stop plate 12.

Die Ventilnadel 27 hat zwei Führungsabschnitte 39 und 40, die der Ventilnadel 27 in der Führungsbohrung 35 Führung geben sowie einen Axialdurchgang für den Kraftstoff freilassen und beispielsweise als Vierkante ausgebildet sind.The valve needle 27 has two guide sections 39 and 40, which give the valve needle 27 guidance in the guide bore 35 and one Leave free axial passage for the fuel and are designed, for example, as a square.

An den stromabwärts liegenden zweiten Führungsabschnitt 40 schließt sich ein zylindrischer Abschnitt 43 geringeren Durchmessers an. An den zylindrischen Abschnitt 43 wiederum fügt sich ein zulaufender, kegeliger Abschnitt 44, welcher in einem koaxialen, bevorzugt zylindrischen Zapfen 45 ausläuft.A cylindrical section 43 of smaller diameter adjoins the downstream second guide section 40. In turn, a tapered, conical section 44 joins the cylindrical section 43, which ends in a coaxial, preferably cylindrical pin 45.

In der einen Ausschnitt aus Figur 1 darstellenden Figur 2 ist zu erkennen, daß der Übergang zwischen dem zylindrischen Abschnitt 43 und dem kegeligen Abschnitt 44 gerundet ist _ etwa in Form eines Radius _ und einen Dichtsitz 47 bildet, welcher im Zusammenwirken mit einer am Düsenkörper 9 eingearbeiteten kegeligen Ventilsitzfläche 48 ein Öffnen bzw. Schließen des Kraftstoffeinspritzventiles bewirkt. Die kegelige Ventilsitzfläche 48 des Düsenkörpers 9 setzt sich in der dem Anker 14 abgewandten Richtung in einer zylindrischen Düsenkörperöffnung 49 fort, welche auf ungefähr gleicher Länge wie die Länge des Zapfens 45 verläuft, so daß zwischen der zylindrischen Düsenkörperöffnung 49 und dem zylindrischen Zapfen 45 ein Ringspalt konstanten Querschnitts verbleibt. Die Übergänge zwischen der kegeligen Ventilsitzfläche 48 einerseits und der zylindrischen Düsenkörperöffnung 49 andererseits sowie dem kegeligen Abschnitt 44 der Ventilnadel 27 einerseits und dem Zapfen 45 andererseits sind gerundet, um einen guten Strömungsverlauf zu gewährleisten. Den Abschluß des Düsenkörpers 9 in der dem Anker 14 abgewandten Richtung bildet eine Flachseite, welche durch die Mündung der Düsenkörperöffnung 49 unterbrochen istIn FIG. 2, which shows a detail from FIG. 1, it can be seen that the transition between the cylindrical section 43 and the conical section 44 is rounded _ approximately in the form of a radius _ and forms a sealing seat 47 which, in cooperation with a nozzle body 9 incorporated conical valve seat surface 48 causes an opening or closing of the fuel injector. The tapered valve seat surface 48 of the nozzle body 9 continues in the direction facing away from the armature 14 in a cylindrical nozzle body opening 49, which extends approximately at the same length as the length of the pin 45, so that an annular gap between the cylindrical nozzle body opening 49 and the cylindrical pin 45 constant cross section remains. The transitions between the conical valve seat surface 48 on the one hand and the cylindrical nozzle body opening 49 on the other hand and the conical section 44 of the valve needle 27 on the one hand and the pin 45 on the other hand are rounded in order to ensure a good flow pattern. The end of the nozzle body 9 in the direction facing away from the armature 14 is formed by a flat side which is interrupted by the mouth of the nozzle body opening 49

An der Flachseite des Düsenkörpers 9 liegt ein Plättchen 55 an, welches einen hochgezogenen Rand aufweist, der in etwa der Kontur des Düsenkörpers 9 folgt. Die Befestigung des Plättchens 55 an der Flachseite wird durch eine Aufbereitungshülse 58 gewährleistet. Das Plättchen 55 wird gegen die Flachseite gedrückt, indem die Aufbereitungshülse 58 das Plättchen 55 umfaßt und einspannt.On the flat side of the nozzle body 9 there is a plate 55 which has a raised edge which roughly follows the contour of the nozzle body 9. The attachment of the plate 55 on the flat side is ensured by a processing sleeve 58. The plate 55 is pressed against the flat side by the processing sleeve 58 embracing and clamping the plate 55.

Die Aufbereitungshülse 58 kann gleichzeitig dazu dienen, einen den Düsenkörper 9 radial umfassenden Dichtring 69 axial zu sichern, wie in Figur 1 dargestellt ist.The preparation sleeve 58 can at the same time serve to axially secure a sealing ring 69 which radially surrounds the nozzle body 9, as shown in FIG. 1.

Koaxial im Boden der Aufbereitungshülse 58 mündet eine Aufbereitungsbohrung 70 von vorzugsweise zylindrischem Querschnitt, welche andererseits in einer scharfen Aufbereitungskante 71 mündet.A reprocessing bore 70 of preferably cylindrical cross section opens coaxially in the bottom of the reprocessing sleeve 58, which on the other hand ends in a sharp reprocessing edge 71.

In dem Plättchen 55 befinden sich mehrere Bohrungen 80, welche von stromauf nach stromab des Plättchens 55 führen. Stromaufwärts des Plättchens 55 münden die Bohrungen 80 in dem zwischen Düsenkörperöffnung 49 und Zapfen 45 gebildeten Ringraum. Die Bohrungen 80 sind mit ihrer Mittelachse unmittelbar auf die Aufbereitungskante 71 oder aber knapp stromauf derselben gerichtet.There are several bores 80 in the plate 55, which lead from upstream to downstream of the plate 55. Upstream of the plate 55, the bores 80 open into the annular space formed between the nozzle body opening 49 and the pin 45. The central axis of the bores 80 is directed directly onto the preparation edge 71 or just upstream thereof.

Der zusammen mit der kegeligen Ventilsitzfläche 48 das Öffnen und Schließen des Einspritzventiles bewirkende Teil der Ventilnadel 27 ist als Rundung 90 ausgebildet, über welche der zylindrische Abschnitt 43 der Ventilnadel 27 stetig in den kegeligen Abschnitt 44 übergeht. Sowohl der Übergang vom zylindrischen Abschnitt 43 auf die Rundung 90 als auch der Übergang von der Rundung 90 auf den kegeligen Abschnitt 44 erfolgt dabei, in Richtung der Strömung betrachtet, vorzugsweise tangential.The part of the valve needle 27 which causes the opening and closing of the injection valve together with the conical valve seat surface 48 is designed as a curve 90, via which the cylindrical section 43 of the valve needle 27 continuously merges into the conical section 44. Both the transition from the cylindrical section 43 to the curve 90 and also the transition from the curve 90 to the conical section 44 take place, viewed in the direction of the flow, preferably tangentially.

Die Kontur der Rundung 90 kann, wie im linken Halbschnitt der Figur 2 dargestellt, durch einen Radius R gebildet sein. Denkt man sich den die Rundung 90 beschreibenden Radius R zu einem (gestrichelt dargestellten) Kreis 93 erweitert, so stellen alle den Dichtsitz 47 bildenden Kreise 93 zusammen einen Torus 94 dar.As shown in the left half section of FIG. 2, the contour of the curve 90 can be formed by a radius R. If one imagines the radius R describing the curvature 90 expanded to form a circle 93 (shown in broken lines), then all the circles 93 forming the sealing seat 47 together represent a torus 94.

Der rechte Halbschnitt der Figur 2 zeigt ein zweites Ausführungsbeispiel. Die Rundung 90 folgt dabei der Kontur einer gedachten Ellipse 96. In der dargestellten Ausführungsform ist die Anordnung der Ellipse 96 so gewählt, daß der längere zweier Ellipsen-Halbmesser a, b in axialer Richtung des Einspritzventils verläuft. Dies soll jedoch nicht als Einschränkung angesehen werden; eine andere Lage der Kontur der Ellipse 96 relativ zur Ventillängsachse ist ebenfalls möglich.The right half section of Figure 2 shows a second embodiment. The curve 90 follows the contour of an imaginary ellipse 96. In the embodiment shown, the arrangement of the ellipse is 96 chosen so that the longer two ellipse radius a, b extends in the axial direction of the injection valve. However, this should not be seen as a limitation; another position of the contour of the ellipse 96 relative to the valve longitudinal axis is also possible.

Die Herstellung der Rundung 90 erfolgt vorzugsweise durch entsprechendes Schleifen der um ihre Längsachse rotierenden Ventilnadel 27. Das Schleifen der gesamten Spitze der Ventilnadel 27 vom zylindrischen Abschnitt 43 bis zum Zapfen 45 kann dabei in einer einzigen Bearbeitungsstufe erfolgen. Im Gegensatz zu den bekannten Bearbeitungstechniken für Kraftstoffeinspritzventile bleiben keine Grate zurück, bei deren Entfernung oft Formfehler und Konturbeschädigungen des Dichtsitzes entstehen.The rounding 90 is preferably produced by corresponding grinding of the valve needle 27 rotating about its longitudinal axis. The grinding of the entire tip of the valve needle 27 from the cylindrical section 43 to the pin 45 can be carried out in a single machining step. In contrast to the known machining techniques for fuel injection valves, there are no burrs, the removal of which often results in shape errors and contour damage to the sealing seat.

Von besonderem Vorteil bei dem beschriebenen Kraftstoffeinspritzventil ist die durch die Rundung 90 bedingte sehr gute Korrelation zwischen Ventilnadelhub und abströmender Kraftstoffmenge. Durch den vergleichsweise geringen Radius bzw. Halbmesser der Rundung 90, welcher zu einer ausgeprägt linienförmigen Berührung zwischen Ventilnadel 27 und kegeliger Ventilsitzfläche 48 führt, ist die Neigung der Ventilnadel 27 zum hydraulischen "Kleben" an der Ventilsitzfläche 48 weit geringer als etwa bei solchen Einspritzventilen, welche über kugelförmige Verschlußteile mit ihrem eher flächigen Dichtsitz verfügen.Of particular advantage in the fuel injection valve described is the very good correlation between valve needle lift and outflowing fuel quantity caused by the rounding 90. Due to the comparatively small radius or radius of curvature 90, which leads to a distinctly linear contact between valve needle 27 and conical valve seat surface 48, the tendency of valve needle 27 to hydraulically "stick" to valve seat surface 48 is far less than, for example, with such injection valves, which have spherical closure parts with their rather flat sealing seat.

Die Funktion des Kraftstoffeinspritzventiles ist wie folgt:The function of the fuel injector is as follows:

Bei von Strom durchflossener Magnetspule 3 wird der Anker 14 in Richtung auf den Anschlußstutzen 7 gezogen. Die mit dem Anker 14 fest verbundene Ventilnadel 27 hebt mit ihrem Dichtsitz 47 von der kegeligen Ventilsitzfläche 48 ab, zwischen Dichtsitz 47 und kegeliger Ventilsitzfläche 48 wird ein Strömungsquerschnitt freigegeben, der Kraftstoff kann durch den zwischen Düsenkörperöffnung 49 und Zapfen 45 gelegenen Ringraum zu den Bohrungen 80 gelangen. Die Bohrungen 80 werden vom Kraftstoff unter hohem Druckabfall durchströmt, da diese den engsten Strömungsquerschnitt innerhalb des Kraftstoffeinspritzventiles bilden. Die Größe der Bohrungen 80 entscheidet also über den Mengenstrom des abgespritzten Kraftstoffes, der Fachmann spricht hierbei von "Zumessung". Der aus den Bohrungen 80 austretende Kraftstoffstrahl ist so auf die Aufbereitungsbohrung 70 gerichtet, daß er knapp stromaufwärts oder unmittelbar auf der Aufbereitungskante 71 auftrifft. Die Auftreffgeschwindigkeit ist dabei so groß, daß man von einem "Prallen" sprechen kann. Durch die hohe kinetische Energie beim Auftreffen auf die Aufbereitungsbohrung 70 werden die einzelnen Kraftstofftröpfchen aufgerissen und zerstäubt. Die Folge davon ist, daß stromabwärts der Aufbereitungskante 71 ein Kraftstoffnebel das Kraftstoffeinspritzventil verläßt. Dieser Kraftstoffnebel gestattet eine gute Vermischung mit der Ansaugluft der Brennkraftmaschine.When current flows through the magnet coil 3, the armature 14 is pulled in the direction of the connecting piece 7. The valve needle 27, which is fixedly connected to the armature 14, lifts with its sealing seat 47 from the conical valve seat surface 48; a flow cross section is released between the sealing seat 47 and the conical valve seat surface 48, and the fuel can pass through the annular space between the nozzle body opening 49 and the pin 45 to the bores 80 reach. The bores 80 are flowed through by the fuel under a high pressure drop, since these form the narrowest flow cross section within the fuel injection valve. The size of the bores 80 thus decides the flow rate of the sprayed fuel, the person skilled in the art speaks of "metering". The fuel jet emerging from the bores 80 is directed onto the processing bore 70 in such a way that it strikes the processing edge 71 just upstream or directly. The impact speed is so great that one can speak of a "bounce". Due to the high kinetic energy when it hits the processing bore 70, the individual fuel droplets are torn open and atomized. The result of this is that a fuel mist leaves the fuel injection valve downstream of the processing edge 71. This fuel mist allows good mixing with the intake air of the internal combustion engine.

Claims (4)

1. Fuel injection valve for fuel injection systems of internal combustion engines comprising a valve housing (1) of ferromagnetic material, which has a coil space (6) accommodating a magnetic coil (3) and a core surrounded by the magnetic coil (3), and comprising an armature (14) operating in conjunction with the core, which is firmly connected to a valve needle (27) which, in turn, exhibits a sealing seat (47) which, operating together with a valve seat face (48), effects an opening and closing, respectively, of the fuel injection valve, characterized in that the sealing seat (47) is constructed in the form of a rounding (90) which is formed by the outer surface of a section of an imagined circle torus (94).
2. Fuel injection valve according to Claim 1, characterized in that the rounding (90) is limited on one side by a first circularly circumferential section (43) changing into it tangentially and is limited on its other side by a second circularly circumferential section (44) changing into it tangentially.
3. Fuel injection valve for fuel injection systems of internal combustion engines comprising a valve housing (1) of ferromagnetic material, which has a coil space (6) accommodating a magnetic coil (3) and a core surrounded by the magnetic coil (3), and comprising an armature (14) operating in conjunction with the core, which is firmly connected to a valve needle (27) which, in turn, exhibits a sealing seat (47) which, operating together with a valve seat face (48), effects an opening and closing, respectively, of the fuel injection valve, characterized in that the sealing seat (47) is constructed in the form of a rounding (90) which is formed by the outer surface of a section of a rotationally symmetrical annular body formed from an ellipse (96), and the greater curvature resting against the valve seat face (48) and the rotationally symmetrical annular body being produced by rotation of the ellipse (96) around a straight line located in the plane of the ellipse but not intersecting the ellipse (96).
4. Fuel injection valve according to Claim 3, characterized in that the longer radius (a) of the ellipse (96) extends in parallel with the longitudinal axis of the fuel injection valve.
EP19870903254 1986-05-31 1987-05-27 Fuel injection valve Expired - Lifetime EP0310607B1 (en)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AT87903254T ATE62323T1 (en) 1986-05-31 1987-05-27 FUEL INJECTION VALVE.

Applications Claiming Priority (4)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE3618413 1986-05-31
DE3618413 1986-05-31
DE3710467A DE3710467C2 (en) 1986-05-31 1987-03-30 Fuel injector
DE3710467 1987-03-30

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EP0310607A1 EP0310607A1 (en) 1989-04-12
EP0310607B1 true EP0310607B1 (en) 1991-04-03

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EP90103656A Expired - Lifetime EP0393328B1 (en) 1986-05-31 1987-05-27 Fuel injection valve

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AT (1) ATE97193T1 (en)
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DE3418762A1 (en) * 1984-05-19 1985-11-21 Robert Bosch Gmbh, 7000 Stuttgart INJECTION VALVE
DE3444454A1 (en) * 1984-12-06 1986-06-12 Vdo Adolf Schindling Ag, 6000 Frankfurt ELECTROMAGNETICALLY ACTUABLE FUEL INJECTION VALVE
US4621772A (en) * 1985-05-06 1986-11-11 General Motors Corporation Electromagnetic fuel injector with thin orifice director plate
US4646974A (en) * 1985-05-06 1987-03-03 General Motors Corporation Electromagnetic fuel injector with orifice director plate
JPS61255263A (en) * 1985-05-08 1986-11-12 Nippon Denso Co Ltd Electromagnetic fuel injection valve
US4773374A (en) * 1985-10-03 1988-09-27 Nippondenso Co., Ltd. Fuel injection system for internal combustion engine
US4699323A (en) * 1986-04-24 1987-10-13 General Motors Corporation Dual spray cone electromagnetic fuel injector
DE8632002U1 (en) * 1986-11-28 1988-03-31 Robert Bosch Gmbh, 7000 Stuttgart Fuel injection valve
DE3723698C2 (en) * 1987-07-17 1995-04-27 Bosch Gmbh Robert Fuel injector and method for adjusting it
DE3733604A1 (en) * 1987-10-05 1989-04-13 Bosch Gmbh Robert HOLE BODY FOR A FUEL INJECTION VALVE

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
EP0393328B1 (en) 1993-11-10
EP0310607A1 (en) 1989-04-12
JPH01502766A (en) 1989-09-21
ATE97193T1 (en) 1993-11-15
AU7435987A (en) 1987-12-22
AU607871B2 (en) 1991-03-14
ES2006151A6 (en) 1989-04-16
AU593914B2 (en) 1990-02-22
WO1987007334A2 (en) 1987-12-03
US5016821A (en) 1991-05-21
WO1987007334A3 (en) 1987-12-30
US4934605A (en) 1990-06-19
JP2553120B2 (en) 1996-11-13
EP0393328A1 (en) 1990-10-24
AU4548889A (en) 1990-03-08
BR8707711A (en) 1989-10-31

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