EP0310169B1 - Rackets for ball games, especially tennis rackets - Google Patents

Rackets for ball games, especially tennis rackets Download PDF

Info

Publication number
EP0310169B1
EP0310169B1 EP88202025A EP88202025A EP0310169B1 EP 0310169 B1 EP0310169 B1 EP 0310169B1 EP 88202025 A EP88202025 A EP 88202025A EP 88202025 A EP88202025 A EP 88202025A EP 0310169 B1 EP0310169 B1 EP 0310169B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
racket
profile bar
cross
frame
profile
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
EP88202025A
Other languages
German (de)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP0310169A2 (en
EP0310169A3 (en
EP0310169B2 (en
Inventor
Siegfried Kuebler
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Individual
Original Assignee
Individual
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Family has litigation
First worldwide family litigation filed litigation Critical https://patents.darts-ip.com/?family=25825035&utm_source=google_patent&utm_medium=platform_link&utm_campaign=public_patent_search&patent=EP0310169(B1) "Global patent litigation dataset” by Darts-ip is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
Priority claimed from DE19843434956 external-priority patent/DE3434956A1/en
Application filed by Individual filed Critical Individual
Priority to AT88202025T priority Critical patent/ATE63226T1/en
Publication of EP0310169A2 publication Critical patent/EP0310169A2/en
Publication of EP0310169A3 publication Critical patent/EP0310169A3/en
Publication of EP0310169B1 publication Critical patent/EP0310169B1/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0310169B2 publication Critical patent/EP0310169B2/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

Links

Images

Classifications

    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A63—SPORTS; GAMES; AMUSEMENTS
    • A63B—APPARATUS FOR PHYSICAL TRAINING, GYMNASTICS, SWIMMING, CLIMBING, OR FENCING; BALL GAMES; TRAINING EQUIPMENT
    • A63B49/00—Stringed rackets, e.g. for tennis
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A63—SPORTS; GAMES; AMUSEMENTS
    • A63B—APPARATUS FOR PHYSICAL TRAINING, GYMNASTICS, SWIMMING, CLIMBING, OR FENCING; BALL GAMES; TRAINING EQUIPMENT
    • A63B60/00—Details or accessories of golf clubs, bats, rackets or the like
    • A63B60/002—Resonance frequency related characteristics
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A63—SPORTS; GAMES; AMUSEMENTS
    • A63B—APPARATUS FOR PHYSICAL TRAINING, GYMNASTICS, SWIMMING, CLIMBING, OR FENCING; BALL GAMES; TRAINING EQUIPMENT
    • A63B49/00—Stringed rackets, e.g. for tennis
    • A63B49/02—Frames
    • A63B2049/0211—Frames with variable thickness of the head in a direction perpendicular to the string plane

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a racket for ball games, in particular a tennis racket, with covering provided in a tensioning frame made of a profile bar in one plane, a heart zone adjoining the tensioning frame flanked by profile bar sections of the tensioning frame, a frame part connecting these profile bar sections and an end handle in the longitudinal axis of the racket , especially in the axis of symmetry.
  • a tennis racket with a plate-like frame part can be found in DE-A-3018 354, a frame web between profile sections is shown in DE-A-29 08 872.
  • the thickness of the uncovered handle of such tennis rackets measures between 23 and 32 mm, and the height of the tensioning frame - in Direction of shot, i.e. seen at right angles to the fabric - is below the handle thickness.
  • US-A-15 39 019 describes the development of a tennis racket whose center of vibration lies in the center of the stringing surface. Its handle continues up to the racket oval in an "intermediate portion", whose - to reduce the air resistance - the oval cross section near the racket frame is knotted higher than its cross section.
  • the club head is heavier at the head end due to a larger cross-section and supplemented by an additional weight in the form of a metal strip.
  • the inventor has set himself the goal of significantly reducing the described deviations in a racket of the type mentioned at the beginning and of improving its impact behavior overall.
  • the cross-sectional height of the profile bar in the region of the heart zone, which runs transversely to the plane of the covering, is greater than the thickness of the handle. It has been shown that such an increase in the profile bar cross-section - especially on both sides of the racket longitudinal matter, that is to say in the side regions of the frame - makes the racket stiffer and significantly improves its impact behavior.
  • the usual thickness of the handle without casing - that is to say without grip leather, foam rubber covering or the like.
  • Components not belonging to the structural racket profile - and without taking into account the grip cap is between about 23 and 32 mm.
  • Its racket axis forms a line of symmetry, and the height of the cross section of the tenter frame is - without prejudice to the frame design outside the specified area in this - greater than that thickness of the handle. The latter is determined by the human hand and therefore remains without influence on the club design.
  • the above stipulation of the ratio of handle thickness to the height of a cross section also applies to a profile rod from which the stenter frame is made.
  • the height of the cross-section of the profile bar and / or stenter has proven to be a measure above the thickness of the handle up to approximately 45 mm.
  • the racket tapers from the greatest cross-sectional height of its profile rod in the area of the heart zone both to the handle and to the racket head, that is to say in both directions of the longitudinal axis.
  • the greatest height of the profile bar in the specified area should be in the vicinity of the connection point between the profile bar and the frame web, advantageously on both sides of this frame web. It is also advantageous if this greatest height is constant in an area running on both sides of the heart zone
  • the greatest height may decrease steadily while creating a straight longitudinal contour of the profile, but it is also possible to produce the contour curved or curved.
  • the height of the cross section or profile of the racket or stenter which is perpendicular to the covering, increases suddenly or gradually compared to the grip thickness and can also decrease again from the point of greatest extent to the racket head.
  • the racket according to the invention - which corresponds to known rackets insofar as its tenter frame or a profile rod resulting from it has a cross-sectional width between 8 and 16 mm measured in the plane of the covering - has an moment of inertia which is 4 to 16 times higher than the moment of inertia a tennis racket according to the prior art, whose cross-sectional height is equal to or less than the thickness of its handle.
  • the longitudinal axis of the racket is also an axis of symmetry, i.e. the cross-section of the clamping frame described is on the other side of the axis of symmetry a corresponding cross-section.
  • the covering also determines a plane of symmetry.
  • a tennis racket 10 of known type shown in FIGS. 1 to 3 has an oval clamping frame 12 made of a correspondingly curved profile rod 13, which ends on both sides of the racket longitudinal axis M in - defining a plate-shaped heart 14 - profile arms 15.
  • the latter are fixed in a handle 16 with a thickness i of 26 to 32 mm; the thickness i is measured on handles 16 without wrapping leather and without considering a handle cap 17.
  • Tensioning frame 12 and heart 14 surround a covering surface Q composed of cross strings 18 and longitudinal strings 19 crossing them.
  • the preferred point of impact for a tennis ball (not shown) is designated by S in FIG.
  • the tensioning frame 12 or its profiled bar 13 is rectangular in cross section, the side walls 20 of which run, for example, at a distance a of 7 mm and the transverse walls 21 of which run at a distance b of 17 mm.
  • the outer width m is 11 mm and the outer height n is 21 mm. The latter is otherwise far lower than the thickness i of the handle 16.
  • the cross-sectional area O for the profile rod 13 that can be calculated from the above dimensions is in mm 2 :
  • the natural frequency f o of the tennis racket 10 clamped in accordance with the diagram according to FIG. 5 can be measured by suddenly removing a force P acting on the longitudinal axis M of the racket.
  • the dimension d is proportional to the deflection of the force P made clear in FIG. 5. But it is also related to the natural frequency of the tennis racket 10 in the longitudinal direction; has a tennis racket under the same force P a deflection of d 1 and another such by d 2, the natural frequency can the second tennis racket are approximately calculated according to the following relationship:
  • FIG. 4 shows a longitudinal vibration curve for a conventional tennis racket 10 according to FIGS. 1 to 3.
  • a ball touches the net of covering Q and forces the tenter 12 to follow the ball frequency. This movement seeks to counteract dynamic inertial forces of the tenter frame 12.
  • Arrived at point B the ball reverses its direction and leaves the string Q following the ball approximately at point C.
  • the design of a tennis racket 30 according to FIGS. 6 to 8 has a resonance frequency, which remedies the described defect;
  • the cross section of the profile rod 33 contains the following dimensions according to FIG. 8: as the result of a calculation which confirms the agreement of the natural frequency of this tennis racket 30 and the "ball resonance", that is to say the agreement of the excitation frequency with the natural frequency.
  • the calculable cross-sectional area is here is therefore equal to the cross-sectional area of tennis racket 10, which is referred to below as TS 10 . At is
  • the deflection under a load P must be 1/6 compared to TS 10 with TS 30 .
  • the deflection d is a function of
  • FIG. 7 shows a frame shape that takes these findings into account, in which an area E with a projecting profile height n 1 extends on both sides of a frame web 34. From the area E, the profile height n o to the club head 40 on the one hand and to the handle attachment 41 decreases continuously.
  • the frame web 34 shown in section in FIG. 7 replaces the previously described heart 14 and has a lower average profile height h than the profile bar 33.
  • the vibration behavior of the tennis racket 30 according to the invention in the longitudinal direction can be seen in FIG. 9.
  • the natural frequency of the racket now matches the excitation frequency of the ball.
  • the tennis racket 30 has reached point C or in the immediate vicinity thereof and the ball receives, in addition to an additional acceleration, the tensioning frame 32 of the tennis racket gers 30 an exact trajectory that is no longer falsified by the dimension Z of the deflection, as can be seen in FIG. 4.
  • a torsional vibration occurs about the longitudinal axis M. This torsional vibration is superimposed on the longitudinal vibration.
  • this oscillation is also brought to preferably 125 Hz by tuning the frame web 34 from FIG. 7, the entire tennis racket 30 only vibrates sinusoidally at a frequency when it touches the ball and also compensates for torsional deflection by timely swinging back.
  • the handles 16 of the tennis racket 30 (FIGS. 6 to 8) and the embodiments 30 b to 30 shown in FIGS. 10 to 12 are of conventional thickness i, which - as mentioned - measures 23 to 32 mm compared to this thickness i the adjoining profile bars - better referred to as frame profiles 33 for the sake of their varying heights - in all cases have a longer outer height n i .
  • the frame profile 33 b of FIG. 10 is a total of that max. Height n l , while the max. Height n 1 of frame profile 33 (FIG. 11) ends approximately at heart zone H and decreases as height n o to club head 40.

Landscapes

  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Physical Education & Sports Medicine (AREA)
  • Golf Clubs (AREA)
  • Compositions Of Macromolecular Compounds (AREA)
  • Moulding By Coating Moulds (AREA)
  • Laminated Bodies (AREA)
  • Fishing Rods (AREA)

Abstract

The tennis racket (30) has strings in a frame (32) of profiled rod (33), a heart zone adjacent to the frame and flanked by rod sections, a frame member (34) joining its sections, and a handle (16) on the longitudinal axis (M). The maximum height (n1) of the profiled rod at right angles to the string plane (Q) is greater than the thickness of the handle in the same direction. The profile height (h) of the frame member can be less than this max. height.

Description

Die Erfindung betrifft einen Schläger für Ballspiele, insbesondere einen Tennisschläger, mit in einem Spannrahmen aus einem Profilstab vorgesehener Bespannung in einer Ebene, einer an den Spannrahmen anschließenden, von Profilstababschnitten des Spannrahmens flankierten Herzzone, einem diese Profilstababschnitte verbindenden Rahmenteil sowie einem endwärtigen Handgriff in der Schlägerlängsachse, insbesondere in der Symmetrieachse.The invention relates to a racket for ball games, in particular a tennis racket, with covering provided in a tensioning frame made of a profile bar in one plane, a heart zone adjoining the tensioning frame flanked by profile bar sections of the tensioning frame, a frame part connecting these profile bar sections and an end handle in the longitudinal axis of the racket , especially in the axis of symmetry.

Ein Tennisschläger mit einem plattenartigen Rahmenteil istderDE-A-3018 354 zu entnehmen, einen Rahmensteg zwischen Profilabschnitten zeigt DE-A-29 08 872. Die Dicke des nicht ummantelten Handgriffes solcher Tennisschläger mißt zwischen 23 und 32 mm, und die Höhe des Spannrahmens - in Schlagrichtung, also rechtwinklig zur Bespannung gesehen - liegt unterhalb der Handgriffdicke.A tennis racket with a plate-like frame part can be found in DE-A-3018 354, a frame web between profile sections is shown in DE-A-29 08 872. The thickness of the uncovered handle of such tennis rackets measures between 23 and 32 mm, and the height of the tensioning frame - in Direction of shot, i.e. seen at right angles to the fabric - is below the handle thickness.

. An derartigen - im Bereich des Handgriffes eingespannten - Tennisschlägern dieser Art wurde durch Versuche eine Eigenfrequenz von 25 bis max. 50 Hz festgestellt; unbespannte Tennisschläger zeigen im allgemeinen geringfügig höhere Werte an.. On such - clamped in the area of the handle - tennis rackets of this type, a natural frequency of 25 to max. 50 Hz detected; Unstrung tennis rackets generally show slightly higher values.

Ein auf die Bespannung treffender Ball zwingt den Spannrahmen bekanntlich aus der Längsachse des Schlägers und führt zu einer Verschlechterung der Treffsicherheit; die beschriebene Auslenkung des Spannrahmens ist für die Richtung des Balles mit verantwortlich.As is well known, a ball striking the stringing forces the tenter frame out of the longitudinal axis of the racket and leads to a deterioration in the accuracy; the described deflection of the tenter is responsible for the direction of the ball.

Durch die unterschiedlichen Maße der Eigenfrequenz des Tennisschlägers einerseits sowie der "Ballresonanz" von etwa 125 Hz anderseits entstehen über die gesamte Länge eines Spielfeldes nachweislich Abweichungen bis zu einem Meter von der gewünschten Fluglinie des Balles. Die Schlagpräzision bekannter Tennisschläger läßt somit erheblich zu wünschen übrig.Due to the different dimensions of the natural frequency of the tennis racket on the one hand and the "ball resonance" of about 125 Hz on the other hand, there are demonstrable deviations of up to one meter from the desired flight line of the ball over the entire length of a field. The precision of known tennis rackets leaves much to be desired.

In der US-A-15 39 019 wird die Entwicklung eines Tennisschlägers beschrieben, dessen Schwingungsmittelpunkt im Zentrum der Bespannungsfläche liegt. Sein Handgriff setzt sich bis zum Schlägeroval in einer "intermediate portion" fort, deren - zur Verminderung des Luftwiderstandes - ovaler Querschnitt nahe des Schlägerrahmens knotenartig höher ausgebildet ist als dessen Querschnitt. Der Schlägerkopf ist an seinem Kopfende durch einen größeren Querschnitt schwerer gestaltet und durch ein Zusatzgewicht in Form eines Metallstreifens ergänzt.US-A-15 39 019 describes the development of a tennis racket whose center of vibration lies in the center of the stringing surface. Its handle continues up to the racket oval in an "intermediate portion", whose - to reduce the air resistance - the oval cross section near the racket frame is knotted higher than its cross section. The club head is heavier at the head end due to a larger cross-section and supplemented by an additional weight in the form of a metal strip.

Angesichts dieser Gegebenheiten hat sich der Erfinder das Ziel gesetzt, bei einem Schläger der eingangs erwähnten Art die beschriebenen Abweichungen erheblich zu vermindern und sein Schlagverhalten insgesamt zu verbessern.In view of these circumstances, the inventor has set himself the goal of significantly reducing the described deviations in a racket of the type mentioned at the beginning and of improving its impact behavior overall.

Zur Lösung dieser Aufgabe führt, daß die quer zur Ebene der Bespannung verlaufende Querschnittshöhe des Profilstabes im Bereich der Herzzone größer ist als die Dicke des Handgriffes. Es hat sich gezeigt, daß eine solche Erhöhung des Profilstabquerschnittes - vor allem beidseits der Schlägerlängsache, also in den Seitenbereichen des Rahmens - den Schläger steifer werden läßt und sein Schlagverhalten erheblich verbessert.To achieve this object, the cross-sectional height of the profile bar in the region of the heart zone, which runs transversely to the plane of the covering, is greater than the thickness of the handle. It has been shown that such an increase in the profile bar cross-section - especially on both sides of the racket longitudinal matter, that is to say in the side regions of the frame - makes the racket stiffer and significantly improves its impact behavior.

Besondere Ausführungsarten der Erfindung sin inden Ansprüchen 2 bis 11 dargelegt.Particular embodiments of the invention are set out in claims 2 to 11.

Bei dem Schläger nach der Erfindung liegt die übliche Dicke des Handgriffes ohne Ummantelung - also ohne Griffleder, Schaumgummiumhüllung od. dgl. nicht zum konstruktiven Schlägerprofil gehörenden Zutaten - und ohne Berücksichtigung der Griffkappe zwischen etwa 23 und 32 mm. Seine Schlägerachse bildet eine Symmetriegerade, und die Höhe des Querschnittes des Spannrahmens ist - unbeschadet der Rahmengestaltung außerhalb des angegebenen Bereiches in diesem - größer als jene Dicke des Handgriffes. Letztere ist durch die menschliche Hand vorgegeben und bleibt deshalb selbst ohne Einfluß auf die Schlägergestaltung. Erfindungsgemäß gilt die voranstehende Maßgabe des Verhältnisses von Handgriffdicke zu der Höhe eines Querschnittes auch für eine Profilstab, aus welchem der Spannrahmen hergestellt ist.In the racket according to the invention, the usual thickness of the handle without casing - that is to say without grip leather, foam rubber covering or the like. Components not belonging to the structural racket profile - and without taking into account the grip cap, is between about 23 and 32 mm. Its racket axis forms a line of symmetry, and the height of the cross section of the tenter frame is - without prejudice to the frame design outside the specified area in this - greater than that thickness of the handle. The latter is determined by the human hand and therefore remains without influence on the club design. According to the invention, the above stipulation of the ratio of handle thickness to the height of a cross section also applies to a profile rod from which the stenter frame is made.

Als bevorzugte max. Höhe des Querschnittes von Profilstab und/oder Spannrahmen hat sich ein Maß über der Dicke des Handgriffes bis zu etwa 45 mm erwiesen.As a preferred max. The height of the cross-section of the profile bar and / or stenter has proven to be a measure above the thickness of the handle up to approximately 45 mm.

Als günstig hat es sich erwiesen, daß sich der Schläger von der größten Querschnittshöhe seines Profilstabes im Bereich der Herzzone sowohl zum Handgriff als auch zum Schlägerkopf, also in beide Richtungen der Längsachse, verjüngt. Bei einer bevorzugten Ausführungsform soll die größte Höhe des Profilstabes im angegebenen Bereich in der Nähe der verbindungsstelle von Profilstab und Rahmensteg liegen, vorteilhafterweise beidseits dieses Rahmensteges. Auch ist von Vorteil, wenn diese größte Höhe in einem beidseits der Herzzone verlaufenden Bereich gleichbleibend verläuftIt has proven to be advantageous that the racket tapers from the greatest cross-sectional height of its profile rod in the area of the heart zone both to the handle and to the racket head, that is to say in both directions of the longitudinal axis. In a preferred embodiment, the greatest height of the profile bar in the specified area should be in the vicinity of the connection point between the profile bar and the frame web, advantageously on both sides of this frame web. It is also advantageous if this greatest height is constant in an area running on both sides of the heart zone

Die Abnahme der größten Höhe mag unter Erzeugung einer geraden Längskontur des Profiles stetig erfolgen, jedoch ist es auch möglich, die Kontur geschwungen oder gekrümmt herzustellen.The greatest height may decrease steadily while creating a straight longitudinal contour of the profile, but it is also possible to produce the contour curved or curved.

Erfindungsgemäß nimmt die senkrecht zur Bespannung gerichtete Höhe des Querschnittes oder Profiles von Schläger bzw. Spannrahmen gegenüber der Griffdicke sprunghaft oder allmählich zu und kann von der Stelle des höchsten Ausmaßes zum Schlägerkopf hin - ebenfalls sprunghaft oder allmählich - wieder abnehmen.According to the invention, the height of the cross section or profile of the racket or stenter, which is perpendicular to the covering, increases suddenly or gradually compared to the grip thickness and can also decrease again from the point of greatest extent to the racket head.

Der erfindungsgemäße Schläger - der insoweit mit bekannten Schlägern übereinstimmt, als sein Spannrahmen bzw. ein diesen ergebender Profilstab eine in der Ebene der Bespannung gemessene Querschnittsbreite zwischen 8 und 16 mm besitzt - weist ein Trägheitsmoment auf, welches 4- bis 16fach höher ist als das Trägheitsmoment eines Tennisschlägers nach dem Stande der Technik, dessen Querschnittshöhe gleich oder geringer ist als die Dicke seines Handgriffes.The racket according to the invention - which corresponds to known rackets insofar as its tenter frame or a profile rod resulting from it has a cross-sectional width between 8 and 16 mm measured in the plane of the covering - has an moment of inertia which is 4 to 16 times higher than the moment of inertia a tennis racket according to the prior art, whose cross-sectional height is equal to or less than the thickness of its handle.

Soweit vorstehend ein Querschnittsmaß erwähnt wird, bleibt zu berücksichtigen, daß die Längsachse des Schlägers auch Symmetrieachse ist, d.h. dem beschriebenen Querschnitt des Spannrahmens liegt auf der anderen Seite der Symmetrieachse ein entsprechender Querschnitt gegenüber. Zudem bestimmt die Bespannung eine Symmetrieebene.Insofar as a cross-sectional dimension is mentioned above, it must be taken into account that the longitudinal axis of the racket is also an axis of symmetry, i.e. the cross-section of the clamping frame described is on the other side of the axis of symmetry a corresponding cross-section. The covering also determines a plane of symmetry.

Weitere Vorteile, Merkmale und Einzelheiten der Erfindung ergeben sich aus der nachfolgenden Beschreibung sowie anhand der Zeichnung ; diese zeigt in :

  • Fig. 1 : die teilweise wiedergegebene Draufsicht auf einen bekannten Tennisschläger mit Spannrahmen aus Profilrohr ;
  • Fig. 2 : die Seitenansicht zu Fig. 1 ;
  • Fig. 3 : den vergrößerten Querschnitt durch Fig. 1 nach deren Linie III-III ;
  • Fig. 4 : eine Schwingungsgrafik für den Tennisschläger nach Fig. 1 bis 4 ;
  • Fig.5: eine Schemaskizze zu einem Belastungsfall ;
  • Fig. 6 : eine Teildraufsicht auf eine bevorzugte Ausführungsform eines erfindungsgemäßen Tennisschlägers mit Spannrahmen ;
  • Fig. 7 : die der Fig. 2 entsprechende Darstellung des Tennisschlägers der Fig. 6 ;
  • Fig. 8 einen Querschnitt des Spannrahmens des erfindungsgemäßen Tennisschlägers ;
  • Fig. 9 : eine Schwingungsgrafik zu Fig. 6 bis 8 ;
  • Fig. 10 bis Fig. 12: schematisierte Seitenansichten zu ausgewählten bevorzugten Ausführungsformen des erfindungsgemäßen Tennisschlägers.
Further advantages, features and details of the invention emerge from the following description and from the drawing; this shows in:
  • Fig. 1: the partially reproduced plan view of a known tennis racket with a tenter frame made of profile tube;
  • Fig. 2: the side view of Fig. 1;
  • 3: the enlarged cross section through FIG. 1 along the line III-III;
  • 4: a vibration graphic for the tennis racket according to FIGS. 1 to 4;
  • 5: a schematic sketch for a load case;
  • 6: a partial top view of a preferred embodiment of a tennis racket with a tensioning frame according to the invention;
  • FIG. 7: the representation of the tennis racket of FIG. 6 corresponding to FIG. 2;
  • 8 shows a cross section of the tenter frame of the tennis racket according to the invention;
  • FIG. 9: a vibration graphic for FIGS. 6 to 8;
  • 10 to 12: schematic side views of selected preferred embodiments of the tennis racket according to the invention.

Ein in den Fig. 1 bis 3 besipielhaft dargestellten Tennisschläger 10 bekannter Art weist einen ovalen Spannrahmen 12 aus einem entsprechend gekrümmten Profilstab 13 auf, der beidseits der Schlägerlängsachse M in - ein plattenförmiges Herz 14 begrenzenden - Profilarmen 15 endet. Letztere sind in einem Handgriff 16 einer Dicke i von 26 bis 32 mm festgelegt ; die Dicke i ist an Handgriffen 16 ohne Umwicklungsleder und ohne Berücksichtigung einer Griffkappe 17 gemessen.A tennis racket 10 of known type shown in FIGS. 1 to 3 has an oval clamping frame 12 made of a correspondingly curved profile rod 13, which ends on both sides of the racket longitudinal axis M in - defining a plate-shaped heart 14 - profile arms 15. The latter are fixed in a handle 16 with a thickness i of 26 to 32 mm; the thickness i is measured on handles 16 without wrapping leather and without considering a handle cap 17.

Spannrahmen 12 und Herz 14 umgeben eine Bespannungsfläche Qaus Quersaiten 18 und diese kreuzenden Längssaiten 19. Der bevorzugte Auftreffpunkt für einen nicht gezeigten Tennisball ist in Fig. 1 mit S bezeichnet.Tensioning frame 12 and heart 14 surround a covering surface Q composed of cross strings 18 and longitudinal strings 19 crossing them. The preferred point of impact for a tennis ball (not shown) is designated by S in FIG.

Der Spannrahmen 12 bzw. sein Profilstab 13 ist gemäß Fig. 3 rechteckigen Querschnitts, dessen Seitenwände 20 beispielsweise in einem Abstand a von 7 mm und dessen Querwände 21 in einem Abstand b von 17 mm verlaufen.According to FIG. 3, the tensioning frame 12 or its profiled bar 13 is rectangular in cross section, the side walls 20 of which run, for example, at a distance a of 7 mm and the transverse walls 21 of which run at a distance b of 17 mm.

Bei einer Wanddicke q der Seiten- bzw. Querwand 20 bzw. 21 von 2 mm ergeben sich eine Außenbreite m von 11 mm und eine äußere Höhe n von 21 mm. Letztere ist im übrigen weit niedriger als die Dicke i des Handgriffs 16.With a wall thickness q of the side or transverse wall 20 or 21 of 2 mm, the outer width m is 11 mm and the outer height n is 21 mm. The latter is otherwise far lower than the thickness i of the handle 16.

Die aus vorstehenden Maßen errechenbare Querschnittsfläche Ofür den Profilstab 13 beträgt in mm2 :

Figure imgb0001
The cross-sectional area O for the profile rod 13 that can be calculated from the above dimensions is in mm 2 :
Figure imgb0001

Die Eigenfrequenz fo des entsprechend dem Schema gemäß Fig. 5 eingespannten Tennisschlägers 10 ist meßbar, indem eine an der Schlägerlängsachse M angreifende Kraft P plötzlich entfernt wird.The natural frequency f o of the tennis racket 10 clamped in accordance with the diagram according to FIG. 5 can be measured by suddenly removing a force P acting on the longitudinal axis M of the racket.

Wird die Eigenfrequenz auf ein mit 3000 mm/s laufendes Schreibband geschrieben, gilt

Figure imgb0002
worin 1 die vom Schreibband abgelesene Schwingungslänge in mm ist.If the natural frequency is written on a writing tape running at 3000 mm / s , the following applies
Figure imgb0002
 where 1 is the vibration length in mm read from the writing tape.

Im Elastizitätsbereich ist das Maß d der in Fig. 5 deutlich gemachten Durchbiegung der Kraft P proportional. Sie ist aber auch in eine Beziehung zu der Eigenfrequenz des Tennisschlägers 10 in Längsrichtung zu bringen; hat ein Tennisschläger unter der gleichen Kraft P eine Durchbiegung von d1 und ein anderer eine solche von d2, kann die Eigenfrequenz des zweiten Tennisschlägers annähernd nach folgender Beziehung berechnet werden :

Figure imgb0003
In the range of elasticity, the dimension d is proportional to the deflection of the force P made clear in FIG. 5. But it is also related to the natural frequency of the tennis racket 10 in the longitudinal direction; has a tennis racket under the same force P a deflection of d 1 and another such by d 2, the natural frequency can the second tennis racket are approximately calculated according to the following relationship:
Figure imgb0003

Die Kontaktzeit zwischen Tennisschläger 10 und Ball wurde durch viele Versuche - u. a. durch Hochgeschwindigkeitsfotografie - mit 2 bis max. 6 ms festgestellt, im Mittel also mit 4 ms, was für eine ganze Schwingung t = 8 ms oder 125 Hz erbringt.The contact time between tennis racket 10 and ball has been tried many times - u. a. through high-speed photography - with 2 to max. 6 ms determined, on average 4 ms, which results in a whole oscillation t = 8 ms or 125 Hz.

Fig. 4 zeigt eine Schwingungskurve in Längsrichtung für einen üblichen Tennisschläger 10 nach Fig. 1 bis 3. Bei PunktA berührt ein Ball das Netz der Bespannung Q und zwingt den Spannrahmen 12, der Ballfrequenz zu folgen. Dieser Bewegung trachten dynamische Trägheitskräfte des Spannrahmens 12 entgegenzuwirken. Am Punkt B angelangt, kehrt der Ball seine Richtung um und verläßt die dem Ball folgende Bespannung Q etwa an Punkt C. Der Tennisschläger 10 schwingt in seiner Eigenfrequenz nach und befindet sich erst am Punkt D, wenn sich der Ball von der Bespannung Q bei C trennt (t = 8 ms, t/4 = 2 ms).FIG. 4 shows a longitudinal vibration curve for a conventional tennis racket 10 according to FIGS. 1 to 3. At point A, a ball touches the net of covering Q and forces the tenter 12 to follow the ball frequency. This movement seeks to counteract dynamic inertial forces of the tenter frame 12. Arrived at point B, the ball reverses its direction and leaves the string Q following the ball approximately at point C. The tennis racket 10 oscillates at its natural frequency and is only at point D when the ball is clear of the string Q at C. separates (t = 8 ms, t / 4 = 2 ms).

Die unterschiedlichen Maße der Eigenfrequenz des Tennisschlägers 10 von 25 bis 50 Hz einerseits sowie der Erregerfrequenz des Balles von etwa 125 Hz anderseits führen - über die ganze Länge eines Spielfeldes gesehen - zu bedeutenden Abweichungen des Balles von dergewünschten Fluglinie ; diese Abweichung kann - wie erwähnt - bis zu einem Meter betragen.The different dimensions of the natural frequency of the tennis racket 10 from 25 to 50 Hz on the one hand and the excitation frequency of the ball of about 125 Hz on the other hand - seen over the entire length of a playing field - lead to significant deviations of the ball from the desired airline; as mentioned, this deviation can be up to one meter.

Die Ausführung eines Tennisschlägers 30 nach Fig. 6 bis 8 weist ein Resonanzfrequenz auf, welche dem beschriebenen Mangel abhilft ; der Querschnitt des Profilstabes 33 enthält gemäß Fig. 8 die folgenden Maße:

Figure imgb0004
als Ergebnis einer Berechnung, welche die Übereinstimmung der Eigenfrequenz dieses Tennisschlägers 30 und der "Ballresonanz" bestätigt, also die Übereinstimmung der Erregerfrequenz mit der Eigenfrequenz.The design of a tennis racket 30 according to FIGS. 6 to 8 has a resonance frequency, which remedies the described defect; the cross section of the profile rod 33 contains the following dimensions according to FIG. 8:
Figure imgb0004
 as the result of a calculation which confirms the agreement of the natural frequency of this tennis racket 30 and the "ball resonance", that is to say the agreement of the excitation frequency with the natural frequency.

Die errechenbare Querschnittsfläche ist hier

Figure imgb0005
gleicht also der Querschnittsfläche von Tennisschläger 10, der nachfolgend mit TS10 bezeichnet sei. Bei
Figure imgb0006
Figure imgb0007
Figure imgb0008
Figure imgb0009
ist
Figure imgb0010
Figure imgb0011
Figure imgb0012
 The calculable cross-sectional area is here
Figure imgb0005
 is therefore equal to the cross-sectional area of tennis racket 10, which is referred to below as TS 10 . At
Figure imgb0006
Figure imgb0007
Figure imgb0008
Figure imgb0009
 is
Figure imgb0010
Figure imgb0011
Figure imgb0012

Fußnote :*) Werte gelten fur Graphitschläger, also für harte WerkstoffeFootnote: *) Values apply to graphite mallets, i.e. hard materials

Die Einfederung unter einer Last P muß - gegenüber TS10 - bei TS30 1/6 betragen.The deflection under a load P must be 1/6 compared to TS 10 with TS 30 .

Die Querschnittsflächen in Fig. 3 und Fig. 5 führen zu

Figure imgb0013
Figure imgb0014
 The cross-sectional areas in FIGS. 3 and 5 lead to
Figure imgb0013
Figure imgb0014

Die Durchbiegung d ist eine Funktion von

Figure imgb0015
The deflection d is a function of
Figure imgb0015

Das heißt

Figure imgb0016
die Einfederung ist mit dem Querschnitt nach Fig. 5 : 0,28.This means
Figure imgb0016
 the deflection with the cross section according to FIG. 5: 0.28.

Die Resonanzfrequenz ist

Figure imgb0017
Nimmt man an

  • b1 = 37 mm,
  • n1 = 42 mm, so ist
    Figure imgb0018
    Figure imgb0019
    Figure imgb0020
    Figure imgb0021
The resonance frequency is
Figure imgb0017
 One assumes
  • b 1 = 37 mm,
  • n 1 = 42 mm, so
    Figure imgb0018
    Figure imgb0019
    Figure imgb0020
    Figure imgb0021

Eine diese Erkenntnisse berücksichtigende Rahmenform gibt Fig. 7 wieder, in der sich ein Bereich E mit vorstehender Profilhöhe n1 beidseits eines Rahmensteges 34 erstreckt. Vom Bereich E nimmt die Profilhöhe no zum Schlägerkopf 40 einerseits und zum Handgriffansatz 41 stetig ab. Der in Fig. 7 geschnitten dargestellte Rahmensteg 34 ersetzt das zuvor beschriebene Herz 14 und weist eine geringere mittlere Profilhöhe h auf als der Profilstab 33.FIG. 7 shows a frame shape that takes these findings into account, in which an area E with a projecting profile height n 1 extends on both sides of a frame web 34. From the area E, the profile height n o to the club head 40 on the one hand and to the handle attachment 41 decreases continuously. The frame web 34 shown in section in FIG. 7 replaces the previously described heart 14 and has a lower average profile height h than the profile bar 33.

Das Schwingungsverhalten des erfindungsgemäßen Tennisschlägers 30 in Längsrichtung entnimmt man Fig. 9. Mit dessen Eigenfrequenz stimmt jetzt die Erregerfrequenz des Balles überein. Bei dessen Abheben von derBespannung Q istderTennisschläger30 am Punkt C oder in dessen unmittelbarer Nachbarschaftangelangt, und der Ball erhält neben einerzusätzlichen Beschleunigung aus dem Spannrahmen 32 des Tennisschlägers 30 eine genaue Flugbahn, die nicht mehr durch das Maß Z der Auslenkung verfälscht ist, wie sie Fig. 4 erkennen läßt. Bei ungenau - d. h. außerhalb der Längsachse M auf den Tennisschläger 30 bzw. dessen Bespannung Q - treffenden Bällen entsteht eine Torsionsschwingung um die Längsachse M. Diese Torsionsschwingung ist der Längsschwingung überlagert.The vibration behavior of the tennis racket 30 according to the invention in the longitudinal direction can be seen in FIG. 9. The natural frequency of the racket now matches the excitation frequency of the ball. When it is lifted off the tension Q, the tennis racket 30 has reached point C or in the immediate vicinity thereof and the ball receives, in addition to an additional acceleration, the tensioning frame 32 of the tennis racket gers 30 an exact trajectory that is no longer falsified by the dimension Z of the deflection, as can be seen in FIG. 4. In the case of balls hitting the tennis racket 30 or its covering Q outside the longitudinal axis M inaccurately, a torsional vibration occurs about the longitudinal axis M. This torsional vibration is superimposed on the longitudinal vibration.

Wird auch diese Schwingung durch Abstimmung des Rahmenstegs 34 aus Fig. 7 auf bevorzugt 125 Hz gebracht, schwingt der gesamte Tennisschläger 30 bei Ballberührung nur noch sinusförmig in einer Frequenz und kompensiert auch torsionsbedingte Schlagabweichungen durch rechtzeitiges Rückschwingen.If this oscillation is also brought to preferably 125 Hz by tuning the frame web 34 from FIG. 7, the entire tennis racket 30 only vibrates sinusoidally at a frequency when it touches the ball and also compensates for torsional deflection by timely swinging back.

Die Handgriffe 16 des Tennisschlägers 30 (Fig. 6 bis 8) und der in den Fig. 10 bis 12 wiedergegebenen Ausführungsformen 30b bis 30, sind von üblicher Dicke i, welche - wie gesagt- 23 bis 32 mm mißt, gegenüber dieser Dicke i besitzen die anschließenden Profilstäbe - ihrer wechselnden Höhen halber besser als Rahmenprofile 33 bezeichnet- in allen Fällen eine längere äußere Höhe ni.The handles 16 of the tennis racket 30 (FIGS. 6 to 8) and the embodiments 30 b to 30 shown in FIGS. 10 to 12 are of conventional thickness i, which - as mentioned - measures 23 to 32 mm compared to this thickness i the adjoining profile bars - better referred to as frame profiles 33 for the sake of their varying heights - in all cases have a longer outer height n i .

Das Rahmenprofil 33b nach Fig. 10 ist insgesamt von jener max. Höhe nl, während die max. Höhe n1 von Rahmenprofil 33, (Fig. 11) etwa an Herzzone H endet und als Höhe no zum Schlägerkopf 40 abnimmt.The frame profile 33 b of FIG. 10 is a total of that max. Height n l , while the max. Height n 1 of frame profile 33 (FIG. 11) ends approximately at heart zone H and decreases as height n o to club head 40.

Die in der Zeichnung dargestellten Ausführungsbeispiele zeigen von der max. Höhe n1 ausgehende Gerade, also jeweils eine stetige Abnahme der variablen Höhe no. Statt diesem stetigen Verlauf können die entsprechenden Querschnittskonturen auch gekrümmt sein, wie dies in Fig. 12 bei 33a angedeutet ist.The embodiments shown in the drawing show the max. Height n 1 outgoing straight line, i.e. a constant decrease in the variable height n o . Instead of this continuous course, the corresponding cross-sectional contours can also be curved, as indicated at 33 a in FIG. 12.

Claims (11)

1. Racket (30) for ball games, in particular tennis racket, with strings in one plane provided in a clamping frame (32) consisting of a profile bar (33), a core zone (H) adjoining the clamping frame (32) and flanked by profile bar sections of the clamping frame (32), a frame portion (34) connecting these profile bar sections and an end handle (16) in the longitudinal axis (M) of the racket, in particular in the plane of symmetry, characterised in that the cross-sectional height (n1) of the profile bar (33, 33a to 33c) extending transversely to the plane of the strings (Q) in the region of the core zone (H) is greater than the thickness (i) of the handle (16).
2. Racket according to claim 1 with a frame web (34) as the frame portion connecting the profile sections, characterised in that the profile height (h) of the frame web (34) is shorter than the maximum height (n1) of the profile bar (33, 33a to 33c) in the region of the core zone (H).
3. Racket according to claim 1 or 2, characterised in that the maximum cross-sectional height (n1) of the profile bar (33) in the region of the core zone (H) is provided at both ends of the frame web (34).
4. Racket according to any of claims 1 to 3, characterised in that the maximum cross-sectional height (n1) of the profile bar (30, 30b, 30c) is constant in a region (E) on both sides of the core zone (H).
5. Racket according to any of claims 1 to 4, characterised in that the cross-sectional height (Ho) of the profile bar (33c) decreases approximately from the core zone (H) of the racket (30c) to the racket head (40) thereof.
6. Racket according to any of claims 1 to 5, characterised in that the profile bar (33, 33a) tapers both towards the handle (16) and towards the racket head (40).
7. Racket according to any of claims 1 to 6, characterised in that the reduction in its cross-sectional height (no) is constant or that its height (n) decreases to produce a curved contour.
8. Racket according to any of claims 1 to 7, characterised in that the profile bar (33, 33a to 33c) is designed as a hollow profile.
9. Racket according to any of claims 1 to 8, characterised in that the primary resonant frequency of the strung racket (30) approximately corresponds to the frequency converted from the semi-oscillation, of the period of ball/string (Q) contact and is 80 to 200 Hz, in particular 100 to 140 Hz, in the case of the racket (30) anchored to the handle (16) for games with a ball which is in contact with the strings (Q) in a period of approximately 2 to 6 ms for a semi-oscillation.
10. Racket according to claim 9, characterised in that the natural frequency of the racket (30) approximately coincides with the exciting frequency of the ball.
11. Racket according to any of claims 1 to 10 with a cross-sectional width of the profile bar producing the clamping frame between 8 and 16 mm, characterised in that the moment of inertia of the cross-section of the clamping frame (32) or profile bar (33) of the racket (30) is 4 to 16 times the moment of inertia of a racket (10) of which the cross-sectional height is equal to or less than the thickness (i) of the handle (16).
EP88202025A 1984-09-22 1985-09-17 Rackets for ball games, especially tennis rackets Expired - Lifetime EP0310169B2 (en)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AT88202025T ATE63226T1 (en) 1984-09-22 1985-09-17 RACKETS FOR BALL GAMES, ESPECIALLY TENNIS RACKETS.

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE19843434956 DE3434956A1 (en) 1984-09-22 1984-09-22 BULLETS FOR GAMES WITH LIMITED ELASTIC BALL
DE3434956 1984-09-22
EP85111713A EP0176021B1 (en) 1984-09-22 1985-09-17 Tennis racket

Related Parent Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP85111713.5 Division 1985-09-17

Publications (4)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0310169A2 EP0310169A2 (en) 1989-04-05
EP0310169A3 EP0310169A3 (en) 1989-08-02
EP0310169B1 true EP0310169B1 (en) 1991-05-08
EP0310169B2 EP0310169B2 (en) 1996-08-07

Family

ID=25825035

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP88202025A Expired - Lifetime EP0310169B2 (en) 1984-09-22 1985-09-17 Rackets for ball games, especially tennis rackets

Country Status (2)

Country Link
EP (1) EP0310169B2 (en)
AT (1) ATE63836T1 (en)

Families Citing this family (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JPS63270068A (en) * 1987-04-28 1988-11-08 ヤマハ株式会社 Racket frame
JPH06236311A (en) * 1993-02-10 1994-08-23 Matsushita Electric Ind Co Ltd Information control unit

Family Cites Families (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US1539019A (en) * 1924-02-07 1925-05-26 John P Nikonow Tennis racket
US3647211A (en) * 1970-06-08 1972-03-07 James H Doessel Plastic tennis racket having predetermined cross sections effecting flexibility
US4165071A (en) * 1976-01-05 1979-08-21 Frolow Jack L Tennis racket

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
EP0310169A2 (en) 1989-04-05
ATE63836T1 (en) 1991-06-15
EP0310169A3 (en) 1989-08-02
EP0310169B2 (en) 1996-08-07

Similar Documents

Publication Publication Date Title
EP0176021B1 (en) Tennis racket
DE2042803C3 (en) Tennis racket
DE2546028A1 (en) TENNIS RACKET
DE69201986T2 (en) Racket with elongated asymmetry.
EP1557204B1 (en) Racquet for ball sports and method for manufacturing
EP0443001B1 (en) Racquets, especially tennis racquets
DE10308532B3 (en) Rackets for ball games
DE4037568A1 (en) TENNIS RACKET
EP0310169B1 (en) Rackets for ball games, especially tennis rackets
EP1557203B1 (en) Racquet for ball sports and method for its manufacture
DE3107969A1 (en) TENNIS RACKET
DE3702197C2 (en) Tennis racket
EP1097730B1 (en) Racket for ball games
DE102006004863B4 (en) Racket for ball games
EP0487963B1 (en) Tennis racket
DE3700072C1 (en) Ball game rackets, in particular badminton rackets
DE4495735B4 (en) Balancing counterweight system for rackets for ball games
DE4018818C2 (en) Rackets, in particular tennis or squash rackets
AT404230B (en) BALL RACKET
DE2228245A1 (en) RACKET FOR TENNIS AND SIMILAR GAMES
DE4031180A1 (en) RACKETS, ESPECIALLY TENNIS, SQUASH, BADMINTON OR RACKETBALL RACKETS
EP1452209A1 (en) Racket for ball sports
DE9102760U1 (en) Rackets, especially tennis, squash, badminton or racketball rackets
DE102005007714A1 (en) Racket for a ball game, especially a tennis racket, comprises connecting regions that in the direction of a longitudinal axis arranged on the same axis as the axis of the racket handle or shaft are a distance
DE2417439B2 (en) FRAME FOR A TENNIS RACKET

Legal Events

Date Code Title Description
PUAI Public reference made under article 153(3) epc to a published international application that has entered the european phase

Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: 0009012

17P Request for examination filed

Effective date: 19880916

AC Divisional application: reference to earlier application

Ref document number: 176021

Country of ref document: EP

AK Designated contracting states

Kind code of ref document: A2

Designated state(s): AT BE CH DE FR GB IT LI NL SE

PUAL Search report despatched

Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: 0009013

AK Designated contracting states

Kind code of ref document: A3

Designated state(s): AT BE CH DE FR GB IT LI NL SE

17Q First examination report despatched

Effective date: 19900327

GRAA (expected) grant

Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: 0009210

ITF It: translation for a ep patent filed
AC Divisional application: reference to earlier application

Ref document number: 176021

Country of ref document: EP

AK Designated contracting states

Kind code of ref document: B1

Designated state(s): AT BE CH DE FR GB IT LI NL SE

REF Corresponds to:

Ref document number: 63226

Country of ref document: AT

Date of ref document: 19910515

Kind code of ref document: T

GBT Gb: translation of ep patent filed (gb section 77(6)(a)/1977)
REF Corresponds to:

Ref document number: 3582805

Country of ref document: DE

Date of ref document: 19910613

ET Fr: translation filed
PLBI Opposition filed

Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: 0009260

26 Opposition filed

Opponent name: DONNAY INDUSTRIES S.A.

Effective date: 19920207

Opponent name: DUNLOP LIMITED

Effective date: 19920206

NLR1 Nl: opposition has been filed with the epo

Opponent name: DONNAY INDUSTRIES S.A.

Opponent name: DUNLOP LIMITED

PLAB Opposition data, opponent's data or that of the opponent's representative modified

Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: 0009299OPPO

R26 Opposition filed (corrected)

Opponent name: DUNLOP LIMITED * 920207 DONNAY INDUSTRIES S.A.

Effective date: 19920206

PLAB Opposition data, opponent's data or that of the opponent's representative modified

Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: 0009299OPPO

R26 Opposition filed (corrected)

Opponent name: DUNLOP LIMITED * 920207 DONNAY INDUSTRIES S.A.

Effective date: 19920206

PGFP Annual fee paid to national office [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: DE

Payment date: 19940927

Year of fee payment: 10

EAL Se: european patent in force in sweden

Ref document number: 88202025.8

PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: DE

Effective date: 19950223

PLAW Interlocutory decision in opposition

Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: EPIDOS IDOP

PUAH Patent maintained in amended form

Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: 0009272

STAA Information on the status of an ep patent application or granted ep patent

Free format text: STATUS: PATENT MAINTAINED AS AMENDED

27A Patent maintained in amended form

Effective date: 19960807

AK Designated contracting states

Kind code of ref document: B2

Designated state(s): AT BE CH DE FR GB IT LI NL SE

REG Reference to a national code

Ref country code: CH

Ref legal event code: AEN

Free format text: AUFRECHTERHALTUNG DES PATENTES IN GEAENDERTER FORM

PGFP Annual fee paid to national office [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: SE

Payment date: 19960920

Year of fee payment: 12

PGFP Annual fee paid to national office [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: NL

Payment date: 19960923

Year of fee payment: 12

NLR2 Nl: decision of opposition
PGFP Annual fee paid to national office [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: BE

Payment date: 19961003

Year of fee payment: 12

GBTA Gb: translation of amended ep patent filed (gb section 77(6)(b)/1977)

Effective date: 19891224

ITF It: translation for a ep patent filed
ET3 Fr: translation filed ** decision concerning opposition
NLR3 Nl: receipt of modified translations in the netherlands language after an opposition procedure
PGFP Annual fee paid to national office [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: CH

Payment date: 19961230

Year of fee payment: 12

PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: SE

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES

Effective date: 19970918

PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: LI

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES

Effective date: 19970930

Ref country code: CH

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES

Effective date: 19970930

Ref country code: BE

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES

Effective date: 19970930

BERE Be: lapsed

Owner name: KUEBLER SIEGFRIED

Effective date: 19970930

PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: NL

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES

Effective date: 19980401

REG Reference to a national code

Ref country code: CH

Ref legal event code: PL

NLV4 Nl: lapsed or anulled due to non-payment of the annual fee

Effective date: 19980401

EUG Se: european patent has lapsed

Ref document number: 88202025.8

REG Reference to a national code

Ref country code: GB

Ref legal event code: IF02

PGFP Annual fee paid to national office [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: GB

Payment date: 20040922

Year of fee payment: 20

PGFP Annual fee paid to national office [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: FR

Payment date: 20040923

Year of fee payment: 20

PGFP Annual fee paid to national office [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: AT

Payment date: 20041231

Year of fee payment: 20

PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: GB

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF EXPIRATION OF PROTECTION

Effective date: 20050916

REG Reference to a national code

Ref country code: GB

Ref legal event code: PE20

PLAB Opposition data, opponent's data or that of the opponent's representative modified

Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: 0009299OPPO