EP0310013B1 - Method and apparatus for dyeing textile material in rope form - Google Patents

Description

The present invention relates to a process for the continuous dyeing of strand-like textile material made of synthetic and / or natural fibers with aqueous liquors - containing dyes suitable for the fiber type in question on jet (dyeing) machines, the feed for the transport of the goods through them closed treatment zone takes place essentially via the actuation of the nozzle system by means of the kinetic energy of a circulated gas stream.

On the basis of similar processes mentioned in the European patents EP-B-0 014 919 and EP-B-0 078 022, it is already known to subject textile fabric strands in jet dyeing plants to a wet finishing, in particular for dyeing. In this process, the batch or piece by piece of textile material that is guided past the nozzles is either circulated using the treatment liquor circulating in the same direction via the nozzle system, or the locomotion is carried out by means of a gas stream directed from the nozzles under excess pressure onto the fiber material or Steam / air mixture.
The main feature of this working technique is therefore that the goods are conveyed through the unit in a continuous, continuous form due to the kinetic energy imparted by the tangential application of the jet, whereby according to the process control explained for the drive of the strand during the different treatment stages gas and liquid flow can alternate or be combined, which allows a seamless transition from one dyeing step to another without a standstill and under isothermal conditions.

Corresponding to the discontinuous dyeing method from EP-PS 0 078 022, which is designed on the basis of aerodynamic locomotion of the textile strand, the fiber material is introduced in batches into the dyeing jet and is charged there with the liquor in such a way that it is injected in atomized form into the circulated gas stream, whereby the textile goods and the treatment fleet not taken up by him are always recirculated. The order of the entire fleet amount is distributed over several product circulations and through the continuous recirculation of the excess fleet an even spreading of the fleet on and in the strand is achieved and thus an excellent level of treatment result. After the dyeing operation has been completed, the material dyed in one piece is removed from the jet.

The pull-dyeing of strand-like textile material while maintaining a short liquor ratio is also described in the older American patent US-A-3 949 575, in which, however, the liquor quantity is then reduced to such an extent that no "migrating", ie freely movable and outside the textile material therefore the recirculated fleet remains (non-migrating system). The process sequence according to the last-mentioned US patent right deviates from the prior art set out in EP-PS 0 078 022 in that it clearly distinguishes between a cold application phase which serves to distribute the applied liquor and a warm / hot one Fixing phase is differentiated. This two-stage mode of operation no longer exists in the younger EP-PS in question, because the entire process there is almost isothermal and the gas flow used for transport purposes is not inert with respect to the intended specific treatment effect, so that the same and therefore the atomized treatment agent according to the selected temperature and Pressure conditions brought into contact with the undrawn textile strand, where it comes into effect immediately in the fixing state.

Now in the case of EP-PS 0 078 022 it is stated that this conventional method of operation should also be suitable in the direction of continuous executability, but no technical teaching is disclosed about this. Rather, all of the information in this reference regarding practical handling always relates to purely discontinuous process control.

In the European patent EP-B-0 132 604, however, a device and a method for the continuous treatment of long, not self-contained strands of goods are already reported, the feed of the textile goods also according to the jet principle, alternately by hydraulic or aerodynamic Drive takes place. In the course of its passage, the strand-like textile material passes through a series of machine units arranged one behind the other with possibly different objectives, ie using different treatment agents or treatment conditions, preferably for the wet treatment process; separate and different treatment stages are therefore provided here, clearly separated from one another by the goods inlet and goods outlet. Although - as it is said - the working principle evident from the above EP-PS with regard to the multiple action of liquid treatment agents on the product line can generally be adapted to practically any desired project or course, this known method is used exclusively for washing and cleaning purposes. In the first place, it is crucial to use the so-called dilution factor between two successive wet treatment stages, which can expediently be carried out under the influence of a liquor flowing in the opposite direction to the direction of movement of the goods, for example in the aftertreatment of already dyed fiber material. The characteristic intermediate storage of the moist textile material arriving from a previous wet treatment primarily has the task of dewatering in order to increase the effectiveness of the respective treatment processes. A true dyeing process including dye fixation on a continuous basis is therefore neither presented nor suggested by the prior art just discussed.

US Pat. No. 3,330,134 describes a process for the liquid treatment of textile goods in a relatively long liquor without intermediate drainage, the movement of the textile goods taking place exclusively with pressurized water from nozzles, and this movement being supported by driven rollers. A tunneling of goods with hot air or steam is not mentioned. Since it is a hydraulic system, there is a long liquor ratio, so that a continuous dyeing process cannot be carried out economically with this method.

DE-A-2 358 712 discloses a method and an apparatus for treating textile materials, the term treatment comprising any processing of textile materials in a wet or dry atmosphere, for example degreasing, impregnating, steaming or drying the goods. In the method, the material to be treated is passed through successive treatment zones without tension in the up and down flow by means of a liquid medium, for example a liquid metal or a molten salt, the liquid medium separating the successive treatment zones from one another. With this method a continuous dyeing of textile material is possible, this However, the dyeing process is not similar to the process according to the invention for continuous dyeing on jet (jet) dyeing machines.

The favorable experiences gained from EP-PS 0 078 022 with regard to the movement of strand-like textiles in jet devices by means of a gas flow as well as the possible application of treatment agents with simultaneous provision of the necessary physical conditions by the gas supplying the goods drive gave the cause Consider using this aerodynamic system for full continuous operation.

The concerns or prejudices against the feasibility of such considerations consisted in particular in the fact that in such a process the dyeing liquor had to be applied in a single step, similar to a padding process, to a textile material guided in the strand. It should preferably be possible to maintain an almost isothermal dyeing process, if appropriate under HT conditions.

Under these conditions, the machine to be used can be kept relatively simple, because it does not need to be divided into application and separate fixing areas, because only one in the The application area integrated or located directly in front of it guarantees the occupational safety and time reduction aimed for by the method.

The object on which the invention in question was based was therefore to design the application conditions for the colorant in such a way that, with as few as possible, if possible, minimal liquor application, uniform coloring was achieved in a fully continuous manner, if possible under isothermal conditions.

Another object of the invention was to design a machine suitable for carrying out such a project.

The object outlined above is achieved according to the invention by continuously introducing the long-running textile strand into the treatment zone, possibly via an element which seals the outside atmosphere, impregnating it there with the dyeing liquor during its further passage and then using an aerodynamically effective arrangement arranged in the direction of movement of the goods Nozzle arrangement, consisting of at least one transport nozzle, is conveyed forward through the treatment zone at such a speed that it is subjected to a dwelling operation therein, optionally under fixing conditions for the dye or mixture thereof, after which the textile strand treated in this way is optionally removed via a further sealing element of the same type as at the beginning - continuously removes the treatment zone.

The claimed method is usually carried out as follows:
To apply the intended colorant to the goods, the textile material is first subjected to the measures for impregnation, which is sewn together to form an endless, not self-contained strand, which can expediently already happen during the introduction of the strand into the treatment zone or immediately thereafter, and then it becomes fed to a first nozzle in which the goods are brought to the intended treatment temperature by means of hot air or a steam / air mixture. At the same time, the gas flow takes over the further transport of the goods strand due to its inherent kinetic energy imparted by a blower. After the passage of a (short) dwell loop in the storage area assigned to the nozzle, which on the one hand serves to compensate for the liquor and heat within the strand, and on the other hand to compensate for any run differences that may occur in the course of the advance of the goods in the case of successive nozzle systems, the impregnated goods are expediently turned into a second Nozzle supplied and through this - and in the same way via possibly necessary further nozzles and further induction loops - transported through the treatment chamber. According to the invention, the impregnation and the residence are preferably carried out under isothermal conditions.

The dyeing liquor can be applied to the continuously arriving textile goods in various ways:
For example, an impregnation device can be used, which consists of a relatively small trough in which at least one perforated drum, loaded with liquor from the inside, runs. Between the trough wall and the rotating perforated drum, the strand of goods is partly wrapped over the lateral surface of the latter and then impregnated during the passage.

The textile goods are also impregnated if the fabric strand is passed through a single or a series of annular nozzles arranged in the direction of travel of the goods and fed with the dyeing liquor. For the purpose of liquor application to the textile material, it has also proven to be advantageous if the dyeing liquors are added to the circulated gas stream practically in the area of the nozzle arrangement for the advance of the goods by injection in atomized form, as already described in EP-PS 0 078 022 . The same result is further achieved by metering the dyeing liquor into the gas stream driving the fabric strand on the suction side of the blower producing it, the latter causing its fine distribution by atomization into the flowing gas.

Of course, it is also possible to integrate several devices suitable for impregnation into the closed system of the treatment zone, so that smaller quantities of dyeing liquors of the same or a different type can be applied to the textile material one after the other, the strand of goods then being impregnated several times with the same or a different type Objective is subjected.

The dyeing liquors to be applied generally contain all the necessary treatment agents, such as, for example, dyes, fixing chemicals, pH regulators, other auxiliaries, such as, if necessary, carriers or wrinkle inhibitors. If their stability requires it, they can only be mixed together by suitable dosing devices immediately before entering the dyeing machine. In order to achieve a good impregnation of the textile, the liquor can furthermore have wetting agents and substances which promote the uniform liquor distribution during the subsequent fixing process.

The amount of liquor used according to the invention is preferably dimensioned such that the entire applied liquor remains in the strand of goods and no excess migrating liquor occurs during the subsequent fixation, since otherwise it drips off the strand of goods after dripping and is fed to the previous impregnation step in the circuit would have to be in order to come into action again and again in the course of treatment.

In the course of the development work on this invention, it turned out that, under the conditions described, optimum levelness is achieved when the liquor ratio is between 1: 0.6 and 1: 2.5. Sometimes, depending on the type of textile goods to be treated, higher liquor ratios are also required.

The textile goods can be transported further after the dye liquor has been applied:
Thus, the line of goods can be moved in the course of crossing the treatment zone, for example as a loop by means of spiral-shaped nozzles in the manner of the clapot, such nozzles optionally being operated with steam, hot air or a steam / air mixture. The textile material can also be conveyed in a spiral-like manner purely mechanically via a driven reel or a plurality of separate reels. It is also possible to place the textile goods on a conveyor belt or a floor conveyor and thus expose them to the effects of the fixing atmosphere.

Depending on the fiber material to be treated according to the invention and the dyes provided therefor, the treatment temperatures for the aerodynamically effective Gas flow vary within certain limits. If the claimed process is carried out at atmospheric pressure, the latter are below 100 ° C, preferably in the range between 10 ° and 100 ° C; if working under increased pressure, in the range between 100 ° and 150 ° C.

A particular embodiment of the method in question is given if it is carried out under the conditions as described in European Patent EP-B-0 087 740. According to this continuous technique for dyeing, after the application of the liquor, the use of a steam / air mixture controlled by means of a psychrometer, which is in saturation equilibrium at the specified dyeing temperature, as the fixing medium defines precisely defined conditions in the dwell area, i.e. steam room (drying temperature), and - more importantly is created - on the impregnated, not intermediate-dried textile material (wet temperature), which, in the course of dye fixation, allows optimum color yield with extremely economical process management. In this case, the textile goods are conditioned, as already described, charged with liquor and then exposed to the steam / air mixture for a maximum of 15 minutes. Under certain circumstances, the heating of the moist goods z. B. be supported by irradiation with microwaves. The steam content of the steam / air mixture mentioned is such that the air is saturated with steam at the specified temperature (ie the relative humidity ρ = 1 or almost saturated, so that neither steam condensation on the goods nor evaporation of water from the goods take place.

A device of the type of a nozzle (jet) dyeing machine suitable for carrying out the claimed method, to which the invention in question also relates, essentially consists of a self-contained, appropriately trough-shaped container as a treatment zone (BZ) for the under nozzle drive Textile goods (TG) running continuously as a strand, provided with goods inlet (WE) and goods outlet (WA) together with the latter upstream or downstream downstream, possibly drivable strand rolls (RB; RA) for the purpose of loading the treatment zone (BZ) with or withdrawing the strand (es) (TG),
the treatment zone (BZ) outside with separate lines for the supply and the subsequent circulation
of gaseous medium (gas circuit GK) as the means of transport which alone manages or possibly supports the goods advance, together with a blower (GB) included in this circulation system (GK) for generating and compressing the driving gas flow together with a heat exchanger connected on the pressure side of the blower (GB) HE) for regulating the gas temperature,
as well as at least one liquor (liquor circuit FK) as the liquid treatment agent for the impregnation process, together with the circulation pump (UP) built into this circulation system (FK) and nozzles for one or more of a batch or storage vessel (AG) via an intermediate metering pump ( DP) coming fleet supply line (s), is connected,
and is characterized in that within the treatment zone (BZ) - in the order given - immediately after the goods are received (WE) there is an impregnation device (IE) for applying the dyeing liquor to the long-running textile strand (TG), and an aerodynamically arranged in the direction of travel of the goods effective nozzle arrangement, consisting of at least one transport nozzle (DS), together with the necessary strand guide rollers (FR) for the passage of the textile goods (TG) through the treatment zone (BZ),
in each case in combination with a storage area (SB) designed as a dwell section (SB), which is traversed by the impregnated textile strand (TG) during the dwell operation with constant forward movement in the tension-free state, for example deposited or de-tabled,
are available, whereby the storage area (SB) of the treatment zone (BZ) - essentially in accordance with the number of transport nozzles (DS) or subsequent dwellings (VS) - may be divided into at least as many dwell sections (A, B, C etc.) can be,
as well as the connections and valves required for operating the machine for feeding or draining off the drive gas and the dyeing liquor (s) including the lines for their respective separate circulation in connection with the sections of the associated circuit (GK.) located outside the treatment zone (BZ) ; FK).

Fig. 1

eine Illustration der Düsen(Jet)-Färbemaschine als Gesamtanlage perspektivisch im Querschnitt, in

Fig. 2

als Ausschnitt ein Beispiel für eine Imprägniereinrichtung (IE), und in

Fig. 3

als Ausschnitt ein Beispiel für ein im Speicherbereich (SB) untergebrachtes Förderband (FB).

An embodiment of such a device according to the invention is shown schematically in the drawings given below. The illustration shows in

Fig. 1

an illustration of the nozzle (jet) dyeing machine as a whole plant in perspective in cross section, in

Fig. 2

as an excerpt an example of an impregnation device (IE), and in

Fig. 3

as an excerpt an example of a conveyor belt (FB) housed in the storage area (SB).

The reference symbols used are identical to the letters used for this purpose in the text and have the following meaning:
A, B, C ... = lingering sections
AG = batch and storage vessel for the treatment fleet
AR = take-off roll
BZ = treatment zone
DP = dosing pump
DS = transport nozzle
FB = conveyor belt
FK = fleet cycle
FR = leadership role
GB = blower
GK = gas cycle
HE = heat exchanger
HP = reel
IE = impregnation device
LT = perforated drum
MV = multi-way valve
RA = strand roll at the goods outlet / take-off
RB = strand roll at the goods inlet / loading
RD = ring nozzles
SB = memory area
TG = textile material in strand form
TR = trough
UP = circulation pump
VA = shut-off or throttle valve for the gas flow
VD = valve for steam supply
VF = valves for fleet supply
VL = valve for air supply
VS = dwell distance
WA = goods outlet (element)
WE = goods inlet (element)
ZV = dosing device for dyeing liquor.

In accordance with the machine diagram shown as a sketch in FIG. 1, the claimed device is illustrated in a basic form which is suitable for carrying out the above-described method both under normal pressure conditions and under HT conditions. Accordingly, the infeed and outfeed elements explained at the goods inlet (WE) and at the goods outlet (WA) of the closed treatment zone (BZ), which in the case of HT processes also serve to seal the pressure, are designed in a special way, for example with the aid of the the German patent DE-C-25 37 665 or from the German patent application DE-A-23 25 604 known sealing devices for the continuous entry and exit of strand-like textile material in pressure-tight containers or from pressure-tight containers can be realized.

The impregnation device (IE) can, according to the invention, be designed in the manner of FIG. 2 and represent a single or several axially drivable perforated drum (s) (LT), preferably a sieve drum, which is at least partially immersed in a trough (TR), around the lateral surface thereof the textile goods are partially carried around when the fleet is applied and which can be supplied with the dyeing liquor from the inside. For the same purpose, one or more ring nozzles (RD) (RD), if appropriate arranged one after the other in the direction of movement of the goods, to which liquor feed lines are connected can also be considered as the impregnation device (IE). When the strand of goods passes through these nozzles (RD), the liquid treatment agent is then applied to the goods by spraying or spraying.

A preferred embodiment of the apparatus according to the invention for the impregnation process is given when the goods inlet (WE) and the impregnation device (IE) form a unit.

FIG. 1 shows the principle of the movement of goods in the device in the manner of a clapot:
According to the invention, a series of transport nozzles (DS), each with an interposed storage area (SB), is provided as an aerodynamically effective nozzle arrangement following the impregnation device (IE), wherein the individual transport nozzles (DS) can be operated independently of one another or together by flowing gas.

According to the variant shown in FIG. 1, the nozzles (DS) carrying out the goods advance are all equipped with a gas drive. This receives its kinetic energy from a fan (GB). Depending on the dyes to be used or the textile material to be treated, said gas can be inert with regard to the desired treatment effect or be non-inert, ie in the latter case it is a heated gas, for example steam or hot air or a mixture of these two gases. Such a mixture is introduced into the system, for example, via the valves (VD) and (VL) and circulated by means of the blower (GB) (gas circuit GK).

Such aerodynamically effective transport nozzles (DS) can also be equipped with one or more mechanical means (s) (ZV), for example injection devices, for metering dyeing liquor (s) into the gas stream, so that a further apparatus modification for the impregnation of the textile material ( TG) is given.

In addition to the possibility just discussed of injecting the liquid treatment agent into the gas stream in the area of one or more of the nozzles (DS), the latter can also be added to the gas stream in front of the blower (GB), which is why in such a case a gas circuit (GK) then occurs Connection / valve (VF) for metering the dye liquor is arranged on the suction side of the blower (GB).

Of course, according to the present invention, the claimed nozzle (jet) dyeing machine can also be designed such that the advance of the goods is not exclusively aerodynamic with gas, but that certain nozzles are operated hydraulically with a flowing liquor, preferably the intended dyeing liquor, and then simultaneously an impregnation of the continuous textile goods (TG) is provided. The device according to the invention then contains, in the event of a possible fleet excess, additional mechanical means for circulating the same, consisting of a discharge line for the fleet at the relevant point in the Treatment zone (BZ) at the bottom of the associated dwell section (A, B or C etc.), a circulation pump (UP) and a return line for the excess liquor flowing off to the metering device (ZV) of an aerodynamically effective transport nozzle (DS) or directly to the same or one previous hydraulically effective transport nozzle.

Finally, to support the aerodynamically and optionally hydraulically effective transport nozzles (DS), other types of dwell and further transport are possible. For example, Within the treatment zone (BZ) there is additionally one or more drivable reel (s) (HP) arranged in the direction of goods transport as additional transport element (s), or a section of the dwell area can also be used according to the partial view in FIG. 3, ie equip one or more storage areas (SB) with a drivable conveyor belt (FB) arranged in the direction of movement of the goods, particularly an endless screen belt, on which the web of goods is deposited or conveyed in a table.

The following exemplary embodiments are intended to show the breadth of variation of the method according to the invention, without restricting it in any way. In these examples, percentages not specified further refer to the weight of the respective textile goods in the dry state. The dyes are used in a commercial form and quality.

example 1

A batch of cotton handle goods in tubular form is to be dyed in a continuous jet. For this purpose, the individual goods are sewn together with their respective ends to form a long strand and provided with a precursor. The latter is now introduced into the dyeing machine via a first nozzle serving as the goods inlet, which at the same time provides the sealing of the actual treatment zone to the outside and conveys the strand aerodynamically by means of saturated steam, the strand also heating to about 70 ° C. as it passes through this inlet nozzle experiences. In addition, it still absorbs approx. 50% moisture during the measure mentioned. The moist strand then remains in the associated (first) storage space of the jet system on average for 1 minute, the moisture content and temperature in the textile material being completely equalized under the conditions used.

The strand of goods thus pretreated is then gripped by a further transport nozzle which is operated with a steam / air mixture and conveyed further in the dyeing chamber with the aid of this second nozzle. An aqueous dye liquor of approximately 30 ° C. is metered continuously into the driving steam / air mixture in such a way that the goods are additionally loaded with 150% of this liquor.

   0,17 g des braunen Reaktivfarbstoffes der Formel

   0,25 g des gelben Reaktivfarbstoffes der Formel

   30 g Glaubersalz und
   15 ml Natronlauge (32,5 %ig).The said fleet contains per liter of water:
0.17 g of the violet reactive dye of the formula

0.17 g of the brown reactive dye of the formula

0.25 g of the yellow reactive dye of the formula

30 g Glauber's salt and
15 ml sodium hydroxide solution (32.5%).

The sodium hydroxide solution is only added to the dye liquor immediately before it is metered into the jet machine.

The steam / air mixture which drives the product line in the course of this treatment phase is adjusted under psychrometer control in such a way that the product (wet temperature) results in 70 ° C, whereas the steam / air room has a temperature (dry temperature) of 110 ° C .

In order to fix the dye by lingering warm, the textile material treated in the manner described above now remains in the goods store of the jet system for 15 minutes, during which it is moved spirally over further driven strand rollers in the direction of the goods outlet. After that it will be like this the colored fabric strand is continuously removed from the machine by pulling it out and aftertreated in a separate strand washer - as is usual for reactive dyes.

A sand-colored, level dyeing of the handle goods is obtained.

In the course of carrying out the above coloring, a mixture of sodium hydroxide solution / water glass or water glass alone can be used as fixative for the reactive dyes instead of the pure sodium hydroxide solution with the same success. Other proven fixation alkalis can also be used.

Example 2

To dye a cotton fabric in a continuous jet, this is introduced into the dyeing machine - as in Example 1 - in the form of a strand via a first nozzle which is operated by means of saturated steam. The fabric heats up to about 70-80 ° C and at the same time absorbs about 70% moisture. A short stay in the storage area of the jet system distributes heat and moisture evenly throughout the textile material. The fabric is then conveyed on in spiral form under the action of several gas-powered transport nozzles, with a brief pause in the associated storage space after each passage through such a nozzle (approx. 1-3 minutes each).

By means of a second nozzle, the fabric strand is now supplied with a dyeing liquid by continuously metering the said liquor into the steam / air mixture causing the goods to advance in such a way that the fabric strand also absorbs a further 70% moisture.

This aqueous liquor at 25 ° C contains: 105 g / l the commercially available liquid brand of the dye Leuco Sulfur Brown 96 with the CI no. 53228, 3 g / l Sodium sulfhydrate (NaHS) and 5 g / l a 21% aqueous sodium polysulfide solution (Na₂S _x ; x = 2-5)

The exposure temperatures in the subsequent dwell of the machine are set as follows using a psychrometer arrangement:
Wet temperature 90 ° C, dry temperature 120 ° C.

After passing through a further delivery nozzle, the goods treated in this way are removed from the machine - as in Example 1 - and rinsed with water; then the dyed dye is oxidized as usual and finally the textile material dyed in this way is rinsed again with warm and hot water.

A dark brown, level dyeing of the cotton fabric is obtained.

Example 3

A woolen fabric in the form of a strand is introduced into a continuous jet dyeing machine and, in the first nozzle of this system, is subjected to approx. 100% moisture by the action of saturated steam - as in Example 1 - and is heated to 80.degree. After a short dwell time to compensate for temperature and moisture in the fabric, the extrudate is treated in a second nozzle, with a renewed liquor absorption of 150%, with an aqueous dye liquor, which
12 g / l of the dye Reactive Blue 19 with the CI no. 61200
contains and whose pH is adjusted to 5 by means of acetic acid. By additionally blowing in hot steam, the liquor temperature is increased to 103 ° C during the application of the coloring liquid.

After a further short dwell time of the wool strand, 10% of an aqueous liquor are now contained in the transport gas via a third nozzle
5 g / l sodium trichloroacetate,
metered in and the dyeing is continued for a further 20 minutes under the set temperature and humidity conditions, the further transport of the wool fabric then taking place via reels in the manner of a clapot.

The dyed fabric is then removed from the machine and subjected to the usual aftertreatment in a strand washing machine.

You get a level, clear and very real blue dyeing of the wool fabric.

Example 4

A stranded polyester fabric is fed into a continuous jet dyeing system via a combination of a seal against the outside atmosphere in accordance with German patent specification DE-C-25 37 665 and a first nozzle operated with saturated steam, while being heated to about 100 ° C. and at the same time with approx. 60% moisture, also at 100 ° C. Thereupon, in the storage space of the jet system, the temperature and moisture in the fabric are compensated for by briefly lingering (1-2 minutes) under the applied conditions.

In a second nozzle, which conveys the goods simultaneously with a hot steam / hot air mixture, a 90 ° C. hot, aqueous liquor is now metered into the circulating drive gas 22 g / l of the dye Disperse Yellow 54 with the CI no. 47020 5 g / l of the Disperse Red 73 dye with CI no. 11116 as well as acetic acid for adjusting a pH of 4.5. This metering takes place in such a way that the polyester fabric experiences a further liquor absorption of about 100% in the course of the measures mentioned. The driving hot steam / hot air mixture raises the temperature of the liquor and paint to about 130 ° C. The fabric is then moved aerodynamically via further transport nozzles, each with a 1-2 minute dwell time of the loops formed in the storage space of the machine. The temperature inside the system is kept constant at 130 ° C. Additional blowing of HT steam prevents the liquor from evaporating from the goods.

After circulating 6 times, including lingering in the store under the aforementioned conditions, the goods are fed to a separate cooling compartment via a pressure seal in accordance with German patent specification DE-C-25 37 665 and removed from this for subsequent treatment carried out in the customary manner.

Then you get a yellow-orange, no matter dyed polyester fabric.

Example 5

The coloration of Example 4 in the continuous jet can also be carried out as follows:
Introducing, conditioning (initial moisture) and applying the dye liquor to the polyester fabric take place in exactly the same way as in Example 4. Only the driving steam / air mixture only produces a temperature of 100 ° C in the machine and on the goods due to the reduced heat capacity.

In this state, the ink is allowed to run spirally through the machine for about 10 minutes via reels or nozzles.

A further 10% of an aqueous liquor are then contained in a nozzle suitable for adding product to the drive gas
10 g / l of a commercially available carrier based on methyl salicylate (as an emulsion)
applied to the product soaked with the colorant and the latter is exposed to the action of the gaseous fixing medium for a further 10 minutes in the same way as above.

Now the dyed goods can be removed from the machine and treated in the usual way.

The coloring result corresponds to that of Example 4.

Example 6

A knitted fabric made of textured polyester fibers, which is sewn together to form a continuous, not self-contained material web and combined to form a strand, is fed into the dyeing system via a pressure seal as in Example 4 and immediately after entering the continuous jet with the aid of a screen drum device according to FIG. 2 charged with an aqueous liquor of 90 ° C, per liter 11 g of the dye Disperse Yellow 54 with the CI no. 47020 5 g of the Disperse Red 73 dye with CI no. 11116 3 g of the dye Disperse Blue 56 with the CI no. 63285
as well as acetic acid for adjusting a pH of 4.5.

The knitted fabric is then loaded with 300% moisture and reaches the first dwell compartment through the mechanical pull of the rotating sieve drum. Excess liquor that drips from the textile goods is at the bottom of this Aspirated and pumped via a pump and an injection nozzle to the gas stream of a first, fed with steam of 130 ° C transport nozzle. This first nozzle, which is connected downstream in the direction of travel of the goods, takes the strand from the first dwell compartment and conveys it into the second compartment. Due to the steam flow used, a temperature of 130 ° C prevails in the entire machine designed as a pressure chamber. Another steam-operated nozzle and then driven strand rolls ensure the continuous movement of the PES knitted fabric through the system, with a period of about 3 minutes in which the textile material is inserted between two adjacent steam nozzles. After a total of 20 minutes, the strand of goods is pulled out of the dyeing jet again by means of a pressure seal of the same type attached to the other end and then treated as usual.

A brown color of the knitted fabric is obtained.

Claims (32)

1. A process for the continuous dyeing of textile materials (TG) made of synthetic and/or natural fibers in rope form with aqueous liquors containing dyes suitable for the fiber type in question on jet dyeing machines, where the propulsive force for the transport of the textile material through the self-contained treatment zone (BZ) stems essentially from the kinetic energy of a recirculating gas stream generated by actuation of the jet system, which comprises introducing the moving textile rope (TG) continuously into the treatment zone (BZ), if appropriate by way of an element which seals off the outside atmosphere, impregnating it therein in the course of its further passage with the dyeing liquor and then conveying it forward through the treatment zone by means of an aerodynamic jet arrangement arranged in the cloth transport direction and comprising at least one transport jet (DS), at such a speed that said rope is exposed to a dwell operation for up to 20 minutes, if desired under fixing conditions for the dye, or mixture thereof, whereupon, finally, the textile rope thus treated is continuously run out again from the treatment zone (BZ), if appropriate by way of a further sealing element of the same type as at the start.
2. The process as claimed in claim 1, wherein the measure for impregnating the textile material (TG) with the dyeing liquor is effected during the introduction of the textile rope into the treatment zone or immediately thereafter.
3. The process as claimed in claim 1 or 2, wherein the textile material (TG) is subjected in succession to repeated impregnating steps having the same or different purposes.
4. The process as claimed in one or more of claims 1 to 3, wherein, to impregnate the textile material, the textile rope (TG) is guided with partial wrapping over the shell surface of at least one rotating perforated drum (LT) charged from the inside with the dyeing liquor.
5. The process as claimed in one or more of claims 1 to 3, wherein, to impregnate the textile material, the textile rope (TG) is passed through one or more annular nozzles (RD) charged with the dyeing liquor and arranged in the fabric transport direction.
6. The process as claimed in one or more of claims 1 to 3, wherein, to impregnate the textile material, the dyeing liquor is metered into the aerodynamically active gas stream virtually within the confines of the fabric transport jet arrangement (DS).
7. The process as claimed in one or more of claims 1 to 3, wherein, to impregnate the textile material, the dyeing liquor is metered into the aerodynamically active gas stream on the suction side of the blower (GB) creating said gas stream.
8. The process as claimed in one or more of claims 4 to 7, wherein any excess of dyeing liquor applied, after it has dripped off the textile rope, is recycled into the preceding impregnating step.
9. The process as claimed in one or more of claims 1 to 8, wherein the dyeing temperature for the aerodynamically active gas stream under atmospheric pressure is below 100°C, preferably within the range between 10 and 100°C.
10. The process as claimed in one or more of claims 1 to 8, wherein the dyeing temperature for the aerodynamically active gas stream under superatmospheric pressure is within the range between 100 and 150°C.
11. The process as claimed in claim 9 or 10, wherein by using a vapor/air mixture which is in saturation equilibrium at the predetermined temperature as the aerodynamically active gas stream a different dyeing temperature in the gas stream (dry-bulb temperature) and on the impregnated textile material (wet-bulb temperature) are set in the course of the dwell operation.
12. The process as claimed in one or more of claims 9 to 11, wherein the dyeing temperature for the aerodynamically active gas stream is controlled automatically.
13. The process as claimed in one or more of claims 1 to 12, wherein the aerodynamically active gas stream is not inert in relation to the intended dye fixation.
14. The process as claimed in claim 13, wherein in accordance with the preselected temperature and pressure conditions the textile material (TG) in rope form is brought into contact with the dyeing liquor directly in the fixing state.
15. The process as claimed in one or more of claims 1 to 14, wherein the textile rope (TG) impregnated with the dyeing liquor, after passing through the aerodynamically active jet arrangement (DS), passes to a storage space (SB) associated therewith and passes through the latter in the course of the dwell operation in the plaited state.
16. The process as claimed in claim 15, wherein the textile rope (TG), after passing through a first storage space (SB), is again delivered to at least one combination of aerodynamically active jet arrangement (DS) with subsequent storage space (SB).
17. The process as claimed in one or more of claims 1 to 16, wherein the measures for impregnating and dwelling the continuously running textile material (TG) are carried out under isothermal conditions.
18. The process as claimed in one or more of claims 1 to 17, wherein, in addition to the aerodynamically effected fabric transport, at least one transport jet (DS) for the continuously running textile material (TG) is operated with flowing dyeing liquor, the fabric being propelled hydraulically, and the excess liquor run-off not consumed in the course of the impregnation is then recycled into this liquid-operated jet arrangement.
19. Apparatus of the type of a jet dyeing machine for performing the process as claimed in one or more of claims 1 to 18, consisting essentially of a self-contained receptacle for use as a treatment zone (BZ) for the textile material (TG) passing continuously therethrough in rope form under jet drive, provided with a goods inlet (WE) and a goods outlet (WA) and also, upstream of the former and downstream of the latter, optionally driveable rope rollers (RB; RA) for the purpose respectively of charging the treatment zone (BZ) with or take-up of the textile rope (TG),
    the treatment zone (BZ) being connected on the outside to separate lines for the supply and the subsequent cycling of gaseous medium (gas cycle GK) for use as the transport means solely responsible for or possibly augmenting the advancement of the textile material (TG), this circulation system (GK) including a blower (GB) for generating and compressing the driving gas stream together with a heat exchanger (HE) on the pressure side of the blower (GB) for controlling the gas temperature,
    and also of at least one dyeing liquor (liquor cycle FK) for use as the liquid treating agent for the impregnating step, this circulation system (FK) incorporating a circulation pump (UP) and connections for one or more liquor feed lines coming from a make-up or stock reservoir vessel (AG) via a metering pump (DP) connected in between,
    wherein there are present within the treatment zone (BZ) - in the stated order - immediately downstream of the goods inlet (WE) an impregnating means (IE) for applying the dyeing liquor to the moving textile rope (TG), and an aerodynamically active jet arrangement disposed in the cloth transport direction and comprising at least one transport jet (DS) together with the necessary rope guiding rollers (FR) for passing the textile material (TG) through the treatment zone (BZ),
    each in combination with a storage space (SB) which is constructed as a dwell leg (VS) and through which the impregnated textile rope (TG) passes in the course of the dwell operation with constant forward movement in the tensionless state,
    it being possible if appropriate for the storage space (SB) of the treatment zone (BZ) to be sub-divided essentially in conformity with the number of transport jets (DS) and/or subsequent dwell legs (VS) into at least as many dwell sections (A, B, C, etc.),
    and also the connections and valves required for operating the machine for feeding or drawing off the drive gas and the dyeing liquor(s) including the lines for their separate recirculation in conjunction with the sections of the associated cycle (GK; FK) which are situated outside the treatment zone (BZ).
20. The apparatus as claimed in claim 19, wherein the goods inlet (WE) and goods outlet (WA) are constructed as elements which seal off the outside atmosphere.
21. The apparatus as claimed in claim 19 or 20, wherein goods inlet (WE) and impregnating means (IE) form one unit.
22. The apparatus as claimed in one or more of claims 19 to 21, wherein the impregnating means (IE) constitutes one or more axially driveable perforated drums (LT) which dip at least partially into a trough (TR) and which are chargeable with the dyeing liquor from the inside.
23. The apparatus as claimed in one or more of claims 19 to 21, wherein the impregnating means (IE) constitute one or more annular nozzles (RD) arranged in fabric transport direction and chargeable with the dyeing liquor.
24. The apparatus as claimed in one or more of claims 19 to 23, wherein the aerodynamically active jet arrangement downstream of the impregnating means (IE) comprises a series of transport jets (DS) each with an interconnected storage space (SB).
25. The apparatus as claimed in claim 24, wherein the transport jets (DS) are operable independently of one another or conjointly with flowing gas.
26. The apparatus as claimed in claim 24 or 25, wherein at least one of the aerodynamically active transport jets (DS) is associated with one or more mechanical means for metering (ZV) dyeing liquor(s) into the gas stream.
27. The apparatus as claimed in one or more of claims 24 to 26, wherein in addition to the aerodynamically active jet arrangement there is at least one hydraulically active transport jet present.
28. The apparatus as claimed in claim 27, wherein the hydraulically active transport jet(s) is or are operable by means of dyeing liquor.
29. The apparatus as claimed in claim 27 and 28, wherein to cope with any excess liquor there are provided mechanical means for recirculating the same, comprising a lead-off line for liquor at the relevant point of the treatment zone (BZ) at the floor of the associated dwell section (A, B or C, etc.), a circulation pump (UP) and a return line for the excess liquor to the metering means (ZV) of an aerodynamically active transport jet (DS) or directly to the same or a preceding hydraulically active transport jet.
30. The apparatus as claimed in one or more of claims 19 to 29, wherein, to augment the aerodynamically and optionally the hydraulically active jet arrangements, there are additionally present one or more driveable reels (HP) arranged in fabric transport direction as further transport element(s).
31. The apparatus as claimed in one or more of claims 19 to 29, wherein at least one partial section of one or more storage spaces (SB) is additionally equipped with a driveable conveyor belt (FB) arranged in the fabric transport direction as a further transport element for the textile rope.
32. The apparatus as claimed in one or more of claims 19 to 31, wherein there is arranged in the gas cycle (GK) a connection/valve (VF) for metering the dyeing liquor in on the suction side of the blower (GB).

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