EP0307284B1 - System for dismantling installations present in a building, and process for using this system - Google Patents

System for dismantling installations present in a building, and process for using this system Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0307284B1
EP0307284B1 EP19880402190 EP88402190A EP0307284B1 EP 0307284 B1 EP0307284 B1 EP 0307284B1 EP 19880402190 EP19880402190 EP 19880402190 EP 88402190 A EP88402190 A EP 88402190A EP 0307284 B1 EP0307284 B1 EP 0307284B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
hood
gas
confinement zone
dismantling
building
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Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
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EP19880402190
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP0307284A1 (en
Inventor
Jean-Claude Poirier
Philippe Mulcey
Paul Morel
Camille Vavasseur
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Commissariat a lEnergie Atomique et aux Energies Alternatives CEA
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Commissariat a lEnergie Atomique CEA
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Publication of EP0307284A1 publication Critical patent/EP0307284A1/en
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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G21—NUCLEAR PHYSICS; NUCLEAR ENGINEERING
    • G21F—PROTECTION AGAINST X-RADIATION, GAMMA RADIATION, CORPUSCULAR RADIATION OR PARTICLE BOMBARDMENT; TREATING RADIOACTIVELY CONTAMINATED MATERIAL; DECONTAMINATION ARRANGEMENTS THEREFOR
    • G21F9/00—Treating radioactively contaminated material; Decontamination arrangements therefor
    • G21F9/28—Treating solids
    • G21F9/30—Processing
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24F—AIR-CONDITIONING; AIR-HUMIDIFICATION; VENTILATION; USE OF AIR CURRENTS FOR SCREENING
    • F24F13/00—Details common to, or for air-conditioning, air-humidification, ventilation or use of air currents for screening
    • F24F13/02—Ducting arrangements
    • F24F13/06—Outlets for directing or distributing air into rooms or spaces, e.g. ceiling air diffuser
    • F24F2013/0616—Outlets that have intake openings

Definitions

  • the subject of the present invention is a system for dismantling installations, and in particular nuclear installations, located in a room which can be placed under vacuum thanks to a ventilation system.
  • a system for collecting fumes and combustion products is described in US-A-3,834,293. Such a system comprises in combination hood, filter, fan and regulator.
  • the dismantling of nuclear installations is distinguished from the dismantling of conventional industrial installations by the fact that the buildings or installations to be destroyed contain a large quantity of radioactive materials which are either deposited on surfaces (volatile compounds or aerosols produced by the processes used) is present in the structures due to the irradiation that the latter have undergone (activation products).
  • the operating conditions currently adopted make it possible to install, inside the room to be dismantled, the cutting tools to be used (chainsaw, saw, plasma arc torch, laser, etc.) as well as the remote control means necessary for their implementation (remote handling arms, cameras, ). Handling and disposal problems are generally dealt with using the installation's own resources (remote manipulators, existing openings, etc.). On the other hand, contamination due to radioactive aerosols produced during cutting operations cannot be specifically treated for two main reasons.
  • the purification of the radioactive aerosols thus suspended is carried out by means of filtration devices specific to the room considered. These devices filtration therefore risk quickly reaching clogging and / or irradiation levels such that it is necessary to renew them often. Since renewal operations present a certain number of difficulties, they are long, which lengthens the duration of the dismantling operations themselves.
  • the present invention aims to remedy the above drawbacks by proposing a system for dismantling installations, and in particular nuclear installations, which makes it possible to considerably reduce the contamination caused by the dismantling operations themselves and which can be used when the room ventilation system is off.
  • the subject of the invention is a system for dismantling installations present in a room which can be maintained under vacuum, or possibly overpressure, by means of a ventilation system, the dismantling being carried out using at least a tool causing pollution of the atmosphere prevailing in the vicinity of said installations.
  • causing air pollution means that the implementation of the dismantling tool (s) leads to the production and dissemination around the installations to be treated of harmful substances such as radioactive aerosols, toxic vapors, or dangerous gases and / or contaminants.
  • the means comprise second gas blowing means, placed below the pollution-generating tool, consisting of a crown, so as to create an ascending gas curtain and surrounding the 'tool, thus participating in the creation of said dynamic confinement zone.
  • the hood comprises, all along its periphery, a first double wall defining a space communicating with the interior of the room, said first blowing means being arranged so as to inject gas into this space.
  • the dismantling system which is the subject of the invention, it comprises at least one curtain fixed to the periphery of the hood and surrounding said dynamic confinement zone.
  • a second curtain fixed to the periphery of the hood so as to define a space between the two curtains, this space surrounding the dynamic confinement zone and the blowing means being arranged so as to inject gas into the space thus created.
  • These curtains can be made for example of vinyl.
  • the mechanical frame can be provided mobile and displaceable using handling means, for example a bridge rolling.
  • This heavy element can be a shield.
  • the invention also relates to a hood which can be used to create a dynamic confinement zone, this hood having the characteristics indicated above.
  • FIG. 1 shows the room 10 containing nuclear installations, the installations to be dismantled being located in an area 12 shown diagrammatically in the form of a hatched circle.
  • the ventilation system of the room intended to maintain the latter in depression, comprises an air inlet pipe 14 equipped with a fan 16 and an extraction pipe 18 equipped with a fan 20.
  • the pipes 14 and 18 are equipped with isolation valves 15 and 19 at the point where they open into the room 10.
  • a command and control system 22 makes it possible to adjust the flow rate of the fans 16 and 20 as well as the position of the valves 15 and 19
  • the connections between the device 22 and the various devices that it controls are shown diagrammatically in the drawing by dashed lines.
  • a pipe 24 fitted with a valve 26 connects the inlet pipe 14 to the extraction pipe 18.
  • connection points of the pipe 24 on the pipes 14 and 18 are located outside the room 10 and, respectively , downstream of the fan 16 and upstream of the fan 20.
  • the pipe 24 thus constitutes a bypass making it possible to circulate the air in the ventilation system without passing through the room 10.
  • FIG. 1 also shows the dismantling system object of the invention placed inside the room 10.
  • This first comprises a hood 28 having substantially the shape of a truncated cone, this hood being placed above above zone 12.
  • the hood 28 has at its periphery first means for creating a dynamic confinement zone mainly comprising a first double wall consisting of two concentric walls 30 and 32 defining between them a space 34.
  • the space 34 communicates with the interior of the local by a circular slot located between the walls 30 and 32, at the base of the latter.
  • An air circulation device (fan 36, compressor, etc.) makes it possible to extract the air located in and in the region of zone 12 by means of a pipe 38 equipped with two filters 40 and 42.
  • the filter 40 acts as a prefilter and can be, for example, an electrostatic filter or an electrostatic cyclone.
  • the filter 42 is a very high efficiency filter or an absolute filter intended to stop the finest dust or particles.
  • the carbon filter 44 makes it possible to stop any harmful vapors .
  • the air extracted by the fan 36 is divided into two parts.
  • a first part is returned to the upper part of the hood through a pipe 50. From there, it flows into the space 34 and forms an air curtain continuously surrounding the zone 12 where the cutting tools are located and the facilities to be dismantled. This creates a dynamic confinement zone around zone 12 and the dust, aerosols, vapors, etc. produced in this zone are evacuated in the upper part of the hood thanks to the fan 36 and to the pipe 38.
  • part air returned to the upper part of the hood by the pipe 50 can be blown into the room through a valve 52 provided at the upper part of the hood.
  • Another part of the air extracted by the fan 36 is sent to the extraction pipe 18 through a pipe 54 fitted with a valve 56.
  • the pipe 54 makes it possible to maintain the desired vacuum inside the room 10 at Classes dismantling operations. Indeed, before starting the dismantling, the valve 15 is gradually closed in order to block the air intake in the room. In this case, the valve 26 can be opened so that the air flows directly from the pipe 14 to the pipe 18 without passing through the room 10. However, there are always leaks and outside air penetrates more or less to inside the room.
  • the flow rate of the fan 36 is adjusted to ensure on the one hand the flow rate necessary to create the containment zone by blowing on the periphery of the hood and, on the other hand, to evacuate in the ducts 54 and 18 an equal flow of air to those who enter the premises through leaks.
  • An alternative embodiment of the means provided for creating a dynamic confinement zone provides for the addition of second gas blowing means. These can be used in place of the first gas blowing means. These second means are intended to create an ascending air curtain, continuously surrounding the zone 12 where the cutting tools and the installations to be dismantled are located.
  • it comprises a crown 33.
  • the latter can either be placed on the ground, surrounding zone 12, or be suspended from the system below zone 12, and concentrically with the hood 28.
  • the crown 33 can be supplied by a pipe 35, itself connected to the fan 36. This connection can be made via a reel 37.
  • the crown 33 must not have a diameter greater than the maximum diameter of the hood 28.
  • These second blowing means can be provided on the same system comprising the first blowing means.
  • these two blowing means cannot operate at the same time, because they would create two opposing air curtains, one descending and the other ascending. Disturbance zones would then appear where the two air curtains meet. In these zones, horizontal aerosol transfers from zone 12 would be favored; what we want to avoid using the system according to the invention.
  • a curtain 58 for example made of vinyl, shown diagrammatically in phantom in Figure 1.
  • This curtain contributes to directing the flow of air leaving the space 34 in a vertical direction in order to reinforce the confinement of the zone 12.
  • a second curtain 60 can also be provided, also made of vinyl, and shown in phantom in the drawing, the air leaving the space 34 thus entering the space between these two curtains.
  • the monitoring and control device 22 also makes it possible to control the valves 15 and 19 as well as the valve 56 fitted to the pipe 54, the valve 48 and the fan 36, and possibly the valve 52, the adjustment of which makes it possible to optimize the dynamic confinement, by adjusting the blown and extracted flows.
  • FIG. 2 shows how the dismantling system which is the subject of the invention can be used in a large building, for example a building containing a nuclear reactor.
  • This building bearing the general reference 62, is limited by a double wall, namely an inner wall 64 and an outer wall 66.
  • the latter are shown in phantom in Figure 2, as are the support structures 68 on which are mounted the reactor 70, the heat exchangers 72, the pumps 74 as well as the pipes connecting these different elements.
  • the dismantling system 76 which is the subject of the invention can be mounted on an overhead crane 78 running at the top of the building 62, the system 76 being attached to this overhead crane by cables 80.
  • the cables 80 are attached to a carriage 82 mounted on the traveling crane and movable with respect thereto. It is thus possible to bring the device 76 to any point inside the building 62.
  • the dismantling system 76 will now be described in more detail with reference to FIG. 3.
  • the system of dismantling 76 object of the invention is in the form of a machine first comprising a mechanical frame 84 on which is mounted the hood 28.
  • the hood 28 is mounted at the bottom of the frame 84.
  • the latter supports, at its upper part, a cell 86 which can accommodate an operator and in which the control devices 88 are located.
  • the cell 86 is surrounded by a protective shield 87.
  • a protective shield 87 As it is 'A significant weight, it constitutes a heavy element capable of increasing the stability of the machine 76.
  • the cell 86 can be omitted and heavy elements of another shape can be used to improve the stability of the machine.
  • the tools used to dismantle the installations to be eliminated can be operated by means of remote manipulators 90. These can advantageously be mounted on the machine 76.
  • the housing 92 comprising all the mechanical and electrical controls of the manipulator 90 is fixed directly on the one hand to the hood and on the other hand to the cell 86.
  • this is only a preferential arrangement and it would not go beyond the scope of the invention by using another assembly, or even by not mounting the remote manipulators or the cutting tools on the machine 76.
  • the device illustrated in Figure 3 has the advantage of being able to integrate into the dismantling machine 76 a number of accessories and, first, the cutting tools and their control and handling system. However, it is also possible to mount means of lighting and remote vision on this machine, temperature detectors, toxic gases or explosives, means for handling the parts to be cut or mobile ventilation screens.
  • the first double wall consisting of two sheets 30 and 32 placed at the periphery of the hood and which define between them a space 34.
  • Each of these sheets has a part in the form of a truncated cone diverging downwards followed by a vertical part.
  • the vertical parts of the sheets 30 and 32 define two concentric cylinders communicating with the outside by a slot located at the lower part of the sheets.
  • a curtain 58 which may be made of vinyl, is attached to the lower part of the outer sheet 32. This curtain is fixed all along the sheet metal 32 and imposes a vertical direction on the air curtain which escapes from the space 34 at the bottom of the hood.
  • This curtain 58 may consist of a set of vinyl blades which partially overlap.
  • a second curtain 60 can be provided attached to the lower part of the inner sheet 30, the air leaving the space 34 thus being sent into the space defined between the two curtains 58 and 60.
  • a certain number of fans 94 arranged so as to blow gas into the space 34 between the sheets 30 and 32.
  • each compartment comprises two chambers, namely a first chamber 102 and a second chamber 104.
  • the chambers 102 and 104 are separated by a partition 106 which is arranged radially inside the hood, like the partition 100, but, unlike the latter, does not extend to the vertical part of the inner sheet 30.
  • a air passage is provided between the two chambers inside the hood and at the periphery thereof.
  • Each chamber 102 communicates with the outside via an opening 108 situated in the vicinity of the axis of the cone defined by the hood.
  • the second chamber 104 it communicates on the one hand with the first and, on the other hand, with the fan 94.
  • the first chamber 102 is equipped with prefilters 40 which can be electrostatic filters or electrostatic cyclones.
  • the second chamber it is equipped with one or more very high efficiency filters or absolute filters 42.
  • the fan 94 makes it possible to aspirate the air located in the confinement zone, that is to say the zone surrounded by the curtain of air flowing from the space 34.
  • the air thus sucked enters the hood through the openings 108, circulates in the first chamber 102 from the center of the hood to the periphery passing through the filters 40, then enters the second chamber 104 after having bypassed the partition 106 and circulates in the second chamber from the periphery of the hood to the center of the latter, passing through the filters 42. It is therefore purified air which is sucked in by the fan 94 and returned to the space 34.
  • an alternative embodiment of the system according to the invention provides for an improvement in the means for extracting the gases present in the dynamic confinement zone.
  • the hood 28 is provided with a second double wall, consisting of the sheets 30 and 39, defining a second internal space 41.
  • the latter is contiguous with the internal space 34 of the first double wall and placed at its interior.
  • This second internal space is in communication with the interior of the room, at the same place as the first internal space, but the gas jet is directed in a different manner.
  • the sheets 30 and 39 define a curved outlet 43 which directs the gas along the internal wall 45 of the sheet 39 inside the hood 28.
  • the gases are therefore directed towards the central part of the hood, at the top of the cone defined by the two double walls and create a convergent flow with that created by the central aspiration of the hood.
  • This second circulation of gas from the hood can also be obtained by means of the same air circulation members used until now in the system according to the invention. This variant therefore makes it possible to accelerate and facilitate the upward aspiration of the gases contained in the dynamic confinement zone, thereby increasing the efficiency of the system.
  • the dismantling system which is the subject of the invention has particularly advantageous advantages, the main one of which is to allow effective elimination of the pollution due to the cutting tools.
  • a dynamic confinement zone is created at the place where the installations to be dismantled are located and that the air in this zone is sucked in, this air immediately passing through front filters to be recycled to create this dynamic containment area.
  • the system can be implemented when the normal room ventilation system is off. This avoids circulating very large amounts of air which risk dispersing the contamination since the flow rate of the fans 36 (FIG. 1) or 94 (FIGS.
  • the dismantling system which is the subject of the invention also has great flexibility of use since it It is possible to make models in an inactive zone in order to study the difficulties of realization and implementation before reproducing the operations in an active zone.
  • the dimensions of the system, as well as the number and nature of the equipment that must be mounted on it, can be adapted according to the type of installation to be dismantled.
  • This system also has interesting advantages in the field of security.
  • this system can be supplied with neutral gas or oxygen-depleted air, which limits the risk of fire and explosion.
  • the system can be supplied with refrigerant gas, for example gaseous nitrogen extracted from a bottle of liquid nitrogen.
  • the capture and filtration installation mounted on the dismantling system object of the invention is designed to recycle the air in the room. This allows, after a dismantling operation, to capture all of the aerosols suspended in the air before starting the ventilation of the room again (the time of the operation is linked to the volume of the room).
  • the system which is the subject of the invention allows an increased lifetime of very high efficiency or absolute filters of the ventilation system since during dismantling operations, it is not they which stop the aerosols produced, but the filters from the dismantling system itself.
  • the filters in the ventilation system are only crossed by purified air, which improves the containment of the room.
  • the filtration, filtration and recycling of the air in the room are systematically carried out for each dismantling operation, the increase in activity in the room is avoided, which necessarily occurs with current dismantling processes. . Consequently, the decontamination times and the exposure time of the personnel are reduced.
  • the dismantling system which is the subject of the invention has interesting advantages from an economic point of view.
  • the costs of decontamination and changing the filters of the normal ventilation network are reduced.
  • the flow of a few hundred thousand cubic meters per hour which is the flow of the normal ventilation system, to only a few thousand cubic meters per hour.
  • This reduction in flow rates makes it easier to capture toxic gases, reduce the size of the purification means (prefilters, carbon filters, very high efficiency or absolute filters) and recycle the air in the room.
  • the system which is the subject of the invention is easy to adjust and has great flexibility of use. It also makes it possible to reduce the implementation costs, to reduce the space requirement of the premises due to the integrated design, to reduce the volume of waste, and finally, it presents the possibility of changing the filters with the manipulators used for dismantling. .
  • the system object of the invention also makes it possible to optimize the performance of the tools and that of the capture of the aerosols produced because the position of the hood, therefore the position of the tools which it carries, is well defined in space. and can be adjusted precisely to coincide with that of the task. It also makes it possible to regulate the capture of the aerosols produced, according to the power of use of the tools.
  • the applications are not limited to the dismantling of nuclear installations but the system which is the subject of the invention can be used by any operation which causes more or less significant pollution of the atmosphere instead intervention (production of aerosols, dust, toxic gases, etc.).
  • the hood it can be used for any operation requiring the creation of a dynamic containment zone.

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  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • High Energy & Nuclear Physics (AREA)
  • Ventilation (AREA)
  • Working Measures On Existing Buildindgs (AREA)

Description

La présente invention a pour objet un système de démantèlement d'installations, et notamment d'installations nucléaires, se trouvant dans un local pouvant être mis en dépression grâce à un système de ventilation.The subject of the present invention is a system for dismantling installations, and in particular nuclear installations, located in a room which can be placed under vacuum thanks to a ventilation system.

Un système collecteur des fumées et produits de combustion est décrit dans US-A-3 834 293. Un tel système comporte en combinaison hotte, filtre, ventilateur et régulateur.A system for collecting fumes and combustion products is described in US-A-3,834,293. Such a system comprises in combination hood, filter, fan and regulator.

Le démantèlement des installations nucléaires se distingue du démantèlement d'installations industrielles classiques par le fait que les bâtiments ou installations à faire disparaître renferment une grande quantité de matières radioactives qui sont soit déposées sur les surfaces (composés volatils ou aérosols produits par les procédés exploités) soit présentes dans les structures en raison de l'irradiation que ces dernières ont subie (produits d'activation). Ces conditions initiales confèrent aux opérations de démantèlement d'installations nucléaires les contraintes suivantes :
   Il faut d'abord optimiser le conditionnement des déchets en évacuant le maximum de l'activité dans le minimum de volume par un choix judicieux des procédés de découpe prenant en compte les caractéristiques propres de l'installation à démanteler (équipements de manutention, nature et dimensions des ouvertures, moyens d'évacuation, etc...)
   Il importe également de réduire à un niveau aussi faible que possible les doses reçues par le personnel intervenant (irradiation, contamination).The dismantling of nuclear installations is distinguished from the dismantling of conventional industrial installations by the fact that the buildings or installations to be destroyed contain a large quantity of radioactive materials which are either deposited on surfaces (volatile compounds or aerosols produced by the processes used) is present in the structures due to the irradiation that the latter have undergone (activation products). These initial conditions give the dismantling operations of nuclear installations the following constraints:
We must first optimize the packaging of waste by removing the maximum activity in the minimum volume by a judicious choice of cutting processes taking into account the specific characteristics of the installation to be dismantled (handling equipment, nature and dimensions of openings, means of evacuation, etc.)
It is also important to reduce the doses received by the intervening personnel to as low a level as possible (irradiation, contamination).

Il faut encore réduire le plus possible les contaminations provoquées par les opérations de démantèlement elles-mêmes. En effet, la destruction des machines ou autres composants, notamment lorsqu'elle est effectuée à l'aide d'outils de découpe, entraîne une remise en suspension de la contamination sous forme d'aérosols. Ceci peut conduire à des conditions opératoires inacceptables, par exemple par contamination de zones jusqu'alors saines et par colmatage des filtres par des aérosols irradiants.The contamination caused by the dismantling operations themselves must also be reduced as much as possible. Indeed, the destruction of machines or other components, in particular when it is carried out using cutting tools, results in resuspension of the contamination in the form of aerosols. This can lead to conditions unacceptable procedures, for example by contamination of previously healthy areas and by clogging of filters with irradiating aerosols.

Enfin, il faut réduire le plus possible le volume des déchets secondaires produits au cours des opérations de démantèlement elles-mêmes, notamment ceux engendrés par la collecte des aérosols produits par les outils de découpe.Finally, the volume of secondary waste produced during the dismantling operations themselves, in particular that generated by the collection of aerosols produced by cutting tools, must be reduced as much as possible.

Les techniques actuellement utilisées pour effectuer les opérations de démantèlement privilégient surtout les deux premières contraintes sans apporter de solutions spécifiques aux problèmes posés par les deux dernières.The techniques currently used to carry out dismantling operations above all favor the first two constraints without providing specific solutions to the problems posed by the last two.

Les conditions de fonctionnement actuellement adoptées permettent d'implanter, à l'intérieur du local à démanteler, les outils de découpe à utiliser (tronçonneuse, scie, torche à arc plasma, laser, ...) ainsi que les moyens de téléopération nécessaires à leur mise en oeuvre (bras télémanipulables, caméras, ...). Les problèmes de manutention et d'évacuation sont généralement traités avec les moyens propres de l'installation (télémanipulateurs, ouvertures existantes, ...). En revanche, les contaminations dues aux aérosols radioactifs produits lors des opérations de découpe ne peuvent pas être spécifiquement traitées pour deux raisons principales.The operating conditions currently adopted make it possible to install, inside the room to be dismantled, the cutting tools to be used (chainsaw, saw, plasma arc torch, laser, etc.) as well as the remote control means necessary for their implementation (remote handling arms, cameras, ...). Handling and disposal problems are generally dealt with using the installation's own resources (remote manipulators, existing openings, etc.). On the other hand, contamination due to radioactive aerosols produced during cutting operations cannot be specifically treated for two main reasons.

Tout d'abord, afin de maintenir dans le local la dépression indispensable au confinement des produits radioactifs qu'il contient, on est obligé d'utiliser en permanence la ventilation générale de l'installation. Ceci entraîne, de par la conception des systèmes de ventilation, des taux de renouvellement volumique importants (de l'ordre de 10 à 30 renouvellements par heure) qui favorisent la dissémination des aérosols radioactifs produits par les outils de découpe. Ceci provoque des contaminations de surface notables en différents endroits du local à démanteler.First of all, in order to maintain in the room the depression essential for the containment of the radioactive products which it contains, one is obliged to use the general ventilation of the installation permanently. This leads, by the design of ventilation systems, to significant volume renewal rates (of the order of 10 to 30 renewals per hour) which promote the dissemination of radioactive aerosols produced by cutting tools. This causes significant surface contamination at different locations in the room to be dismantled.

D'autre part, l'épuration des aérosols radioactifs ainsi mis en suspension est effectuée au moyen des dispositifs de filtration propres au local considéré. Ces dispositifs de filtration risquent donc d'atteindre rapidement des niveaux de colmatage et/ou d'irradiation tels qu'il faille les renouveler souvent. Les opérations de renouvellement présentant un certain nombre de difficultés, elles sont longues, ce qui allonge la durée des opérations de démantèlement elles-mêmes.On the other hand, the purification of the radioactive aerosols thus suspended is carried out by means of filtration devices specific to the room considered. These devices filtration therefore risk quickly reaching clogging and / or irradiation levels such that it is necessary to renew them often. Since renewal operations present a certain number of difficulties, they are long, which lengthens the duration of the dismantling operations themselves.

La présente invention a pour but de remédier aux inconvénients ci-dessus en proposant un système de démantèlement d'installations, et notamment d'installations nucléaires, qui permet d'atténuer considérablement la contamination provoquée par les opérations de démantèlement elles-mêmes et qui peut être utilisé lorsque le système de ventilation du local est à l'arrêt.The present invention aims to remedy the above drawbacks by proposing a system for dismantling installations, and in particular nuclear installations, which makes it possible to considerably reduce the contamination caused by the dismantling operations themselves and which can be used when the room ventilation system is off.

Plus précisément, l'invention a pour objet un système de démantèlement d'installations présentes dans un local pouvant être maintenu en dépression, ou éventuellement en surpression, grâce à un système de ventilation, le démantèlement étant effectué à l'aide d'au moins un outil engendrant une pollution de l'atmosphère régnant au voisinage desdites installations.More specifically, the subject of the invention is a system for dismantling installations present in a room which can be maintained under vacuum, or possibly overpressure, by means of a ventilation system, the dismantling being carried out using at least a tool causing pollution of the atmosphere prevailing in the vicinity of said installations.

Il comprend :

  • des moyens pour créer une zone de confinement dynamique autour de l'outil à l'aide de flux gazeux, soufflé et extrait respectivement, comprenant :
    • . une hotte pouvant être placée au-dessus de l'outil, cette hotte ayant une périphérie et une partie centrale et incluant une première double paroi définissant un espace communiquant avec l'intérieur du local et des premiers moyens de soufflage étant disposés de manière à insuffler du gaz dans cet espace;
    • . lesdits premiers moyens de soufflage de gaz à la périphérie de cette hotte étant agencés de manière à créer un rideau de gaz descendant entourant l'outil, participant ainsi à la création de ladite zone de confinement dynamique ; et
    • . lesdits moyens de soufflage assurant aussi l'extraction des gaz présents dans ladite zone de confinement dynamique, l'extraction se faisant par la partie centrale de la hotte (28) ;
  • des moyens d'épuration des gaz ainsi extraits.
He understands :
  • means for creating a dynamic confinement zone around the tool using gas flow, blown and extracted respectively, comprising:
    • . a hood which can be placed above the tool, this hood having a periphery and a central part and including a first double wall defining a space communicating with the interior of the room and first blowing means being arranged so as to breathe gas in this space;
    • . said first gas blowing means at the periphery of this hood being arranged so as to create a curtain of descending gas surrounding the tool, thus participating in the creation of said dynamic confinement zone; and
    • . said blowing means also ensuring the extraction of the gases present in said dynamic confinement zone, the extraction being carried out by the central part of the hood (28);
  • means for purifying the gases thus extracted.

Selon la principale caractéristique de l'invention, il comprend des moyens de régulation desdits flux gazeux aptes d'une part à maintenir le local à ladite pression déterminée lorsque le système de ventilation est à l'arrêt, et, d'autre part, à assurer le débit de gaz nécessaire pour créer ladite zone de confinement,
   les moyens pour créer une zone de confinement dynamique comprennent une deuxième double paroi, définissant dans la hotte un deuxième espace interne placé à l'intérieur de la première double paroi et communiquant avec l'intérieur du local par une sortie recourbée vers l'intérieur, pour souffler des gaz le long de la paroi interne de la deuxième double paroi vers la partie centrale de la hotte, pour faciliter l'extraction des gaz à l'intérieur de la zone de confinement dynamique ;
   lesdits moyens d'épuration comprennent :

  • au moins un compartiment à l'intérieur de la hotte, ce compartiment communiquant d'une part avec ladite zone de confinement par une ouverture et, d'autre part, avec un moyen d'aspiration monté sur la hotte ; et
  • au moins un filtre placé à l'intérieur de ce compartiment de manière à filtrer la totalité du gaz qui traverse ce compartiment depuis ladite ouverture jusqu'au moyen d'aspiration ; et
   il comporte en outre une ossature mécanique sur laquelle sont montés la hotte, les moyens d'aspiration et les moyens d'épuration.According to the main characteristic of the invention, it comprises means for regulating said gas flows able on the one hand to maintain the room at said determined pressure when the ventilation system is stopped, and, on the other hand, to ensuring the gas flow necessary to create said containment zone,
the means for creating a dynamic confinement zone comprise a second double wall, defining in the hood a second internal space placed inside the first double wall and communicating with the interior of the premises by an inwardly curved outlet, for blowing gases along the internal wall of the second double wall towards the central part of the hood, to facilitate the extraction of the gases inside the dynamic confinement zone;
said purification means include:
  • at least one compartment inside the hood, this compartment communicating on the one hand with said confinement zone by an opening and, on the other hand, with a suction means mounted on the hood; and
  • at least one filter placed inside this compartment so as to filter all of the gas which passes through this compartment from said opening to the suction means; and
it further comprises a mechanical frame on which the hood, the suction means and the purification means are mounted.

L'expression "engendrant une pollution de l'atmosphère" signifie que la mise en oeuvre du ou des outils de démantèlement entraîne la production et la dissémination autour des installations à traiter de substances nocives telles que des aérosols radioactifs, des vapeurs toxiques, ou des gaz dangereux et/ou contaminants.The expression "causing air pollution" means that the implementation of the dismantling tool (s) leads to the production and dissemination around the installations to be treated of harmful substances such as radioactive aerosols, toxic vapors, or dangerous gases and / or contaminants.

Selon un autre aspect de l'invention, les moyens comprennent des deuxièmes moyens de soufflage de gaz, placés en-dessous de l'outil engendrant la pollution, constitués d'une couronne, de manière à créer un rideau de gaz ascendant et entourant l'outil, participant ainsi à la création de ladite zone de confinement dynamique.According to another aspect of the invention, the means comprise second gas blowing means, placed below the pollution-generating tool, consisting of a crown, so as to create an ascending gas curtain and surrounding the 'tool, thus participating in the creation of said dynamic confinement zone.

Selon un mode de réalisation préféré, la hotte comprend, tout le long de sa périphérie, une première double paroi définissant un espace communiquant avec l'intérieur du local, lesdits premiers moyens de soufflage étant disposés de manière à insuffler du gaz dans cet espace.According to a preferred embodiment, the hood comprises, all along its periphery, a first double wall defining a space communicating with the interior of the room, said first blowing means being arranged so as to inject gas into this space.

Selon un mode de réalisation préféré, ce compartiment comprend :

  • une première chambre communiquant avec la zone de confinement par ladite ouverture ;
  • une deuxième chambre séparée de la première par une cloison disposée de manière à laisser un passage pour le gaz entre les deux chambres, la deuxième chambre communiquant d'une part avec ledit moyen d'aspiration et d'autre part avec la première chambre par ledit passage, l'une au moins des chambres étant équipée d'au moins un filtre placé de manière à filtrer la totalité du gaz qui traverse cette chambre.
According to a preferred embodiment, this compartment comprises:
  • a first chamber communicating with the confinement zone through said opening;
  • a second chamber separated from the first by a partition arranged so as to leave a passage for the gas between the two chambers, the second chamber communicating on the one hand with said suction means and on the other hand with the first chamber through said passage, at least one of the chambers being equipped with at least one filter placed so as to filter all of the gas passing through this chamber.

Selon un autre aspect du système de démantèlement objet de l'invention, celui-ci comporte au moins un rideau fixé à la périphérie de la hotte et entourant ladite zone de confinement dynamique. Eventuellement, on peut prévoir en outre un deuxième rideau fixé à la périphérie de la hotte de manière à définir un espace entre les deux rideaux, cet espace entourant la zone de confinement dynamique et les moyens de soufflage étant agencés de manière à insuffler du gaz dans l'espace ainsi créé. Ces rideaux peuvent être réalisés par exemple en vinyle.According to another aspect of the dismantling system which is the subject of the invention, it comprises at least one curtain fixed to the periphery of the hood and surrounding said dynamic confinement zone. Optionally, it is also possible to provide a second curtain fixed to the periphery of the hood so as to define a space between the two curtains, this space surrounding the dynamic confinement zone and the blowing means being arranged so as to inject gas into the space thus created. These curtains can be made for example of vinyl.

Selon une autre caractéristique du système de démantèlement objet de l'invention, l'ossature mécanique peut être prévue mobile et déplaçable à l'aide de moyens de manutention, par exemple un pont roulant.According to another characteristic of the dismantling system which is the subject of the invention, the mechanical frame can be provided mobile and displaceable using handling means, for example a bridge rolling.

Dans ce cas, on peut prévoir en outre au moins un élément pesant monté sur cette machine et destiné à en accroître la stabilité. Cet élément pesant peut être un blindage.In this case, it is also possible to provide at least one heavy element mounted on this machine and intended to increase its stability. This heavy element can be a shield.

On peut encore prévoir des moyens de manipulation de l'outil montés sur cette machine, ainsi que des moyens d'alimentation en fluides également montés sur cette machine. On peut enfin prévoir sur cette dernière une cellule blindée apte à accueillir un opérateur et comportant des appareils de commande et de contrôle.It is also possible to provide means for handling the tool mounted on this machine, as well as means for supplying fluids also mounted on this machine. Finally, there can be provided on the latter an armored cell capable of accommodating an operator and comprising command and control devices.

L'invention a également pour objet un procédé de mise en oeuvre de ce système de démantèlement. Lorsque le système de ventilation comprend une entrée de gaz dans le local et un réseau d'extraction des gaz présents à l'intérieur du local, ce procédé comprend les étapes suivantes consistant à :

  • (a) - boucher ladite entrée de gaz, et
  • (b) - raccorder lesdits moyens d'extraction des gaz présents dans la zone de confinement dynamique au réseau d'extraction des gaz se trouvant à l'intérieur du local. On peut ainsi passer progressivement de la ventilation normale du local à la ventilation propre du système de démantèlement objet de l'invention en évitant les phases de transition brutale qui sont généralement sources de disséminations radioactives.
The invention also relates to a method of implementing this dismantling system. When the ventilation system comprises a gas inlet in the room and a network for extracting the gases present inside the room, this method comprises the following steps consisting in:
  • (a) - plug said gas inlet, and
  • (b) - connecting said gas extraction means present in the dynamic confinement zone to the gas extraction network located inside the premises. It is thus possible to progressively pass from the normal ventilation of the room to the proper ventilation of the dismantling system which is the subject of the invention, avoiding the abrupt transition phases which are generally sources of radioactive releases.

Enfin, l'invention a encore pour objet une hotte utilisable pour créer une zone de confinement dynamique, cette hotte ayant les caractéristiques indiquées ci-dessus.Finally, the invention also relates to a hood which can be used to create a dynamic confinement zone, this hood having the characteristics indicated above.

L'invention apparaîtra mieux à la lecture de la description qui va suivre, donnée à titre d'exemple purement illustratif et nullement limitatif, en référence aux dessins annexés dans lesquels :

  • la figure 1 est un schéma de principe montrant, en coupe verticale, le système de démantélement objet de l'invention à l'intérieur d'un local équipé d'un système de ventilation,
  • la figure 2 est une vue schématique en coupe verticale montrant comment le système de démantèlement objet de l'invention peut être utilisé pour le démantèlement de réacteurs nucléaires,
  • la figure 3 est une vue schématique en perspective avec coupe partielle montrant la hotte utilisée dans le système objet de l'invention,
  • la figure 4 est une vue schématique en coupe rabattue de la hotte illustrée à la figure 3 montrant les deux chambres d'un même compartiment, et
  • la figure 5 est une vue schématique en coupe verticale montrant une variante de réalisation du système selon l'invention.
The invention will appear more clearly on reading the description which follows, given by way of purely illustrative and in no way limitative example, with reference to the appended drawings in which:
  • FIG. 1 is a block diagram showing, in vertical section, the dismantling system object of the invention inside a room equipped with a ventilation system,
  • Figure 2 is a schematic view in vertical section showing how the dismantling system object of the invention can be used for dismantling nuclear reactors,
  • FIG. 3 is a schematic perspective view with partial section showing the hood used in the system which is the subject of the invention,
  • FIG. 4 is a diagrammatic view in folded section of the hood illustrated in FIG. 3 showing the two chambers of the same compartment, and
  • Figure 5 is a schematic vertical sectional view showing an alternative embodiment of the system according to the invention.

La figure 1 montre le local 10 contenant des installations nucléaires, les installations à démanteler se trouvant dans une zone 12 représentée schématiquement sous la forme d'un cercle hachuré. Le système de ventilation du local, destiné à maintenir celui-ci en dépression, comprend une conduite 14 d'arrivée d'air équipée d'un ventilateur 16 et une conduite d'extraction 18 équipée d'un ventilateur 20. Les conduites 14 et 18 sont équipées de vannes d'isolement 15 et 19 à l'endroit où elles débouchent dans le local 10. Un système de commande et de contrôle 22 permet de régler le débit des ventilateurs 16 et 20 ainsi que la position des vannes 15 et 19. Les liaisons entre le dispositif 22 et les différents appareils qu'il contrôle sont représentées schématiquement sur le dessin par des traits interrompus. Une conduite 24 équipée d'une vanne 26 relie la conduite d'arrivée 14 à la conduite d'extraction 18. Les points de raccordement de la conduite 24 sur les conduites 14 et 18 se trouvent à l'extérieur du local 10 et, respectivement, en aval du ventilateur 16 et en amont du ventilateur 20. La conduite 24 constitue ainsi un by-pass permettant de faire circuler l'air dans le système de ventilation sans passer par le local 10.FIG. 1 shows the room 10 containing nuclear installations, the installations to be dismantled being located in an area 12 shown diagrammatically in the form of a hatched circle. The ventilation system of the room, intended to maintain the latter in depression, comprises an air inlet pipe 14 equipped with a fan 16 and an extraction pipe 18 equipped with a fan 20. The pipes 14 and 18 are equipped with isolation valves 15 and 19 at the point where they open into the room 10. A command and control system 22 makes it possible to adjust the flow rate of the fans 16 and 20 as well as the position of the valves 15 and 19 The connections between the device 22 and the various devices that it controls are shown diagrammatically in the drawing by dashed lines. A pipe 24 fitted with a valve 26 connects the inlet pipe 14 to the extraction pipe 18. The connection points of the pipe 24 on the pipes 14 and 18 are located outside the room 10 and, respectively , downstream of the fan 16 and upstream of the fan 20. The pipe 24 thus constitutes a bypass making it possible to circulate the air in the ventilation system without passing through the room 10.

La figure 1 montre encore le système de démantèlement objet de l'invention placé à l'intérieur du local 10. Celui-ci comprend d'abord une hotte 28 ayant sensiblement la forme d'un tronc de cône, cette hotte étant placée au-dessus de la zone 12. La hotte 28 comporte à sa périphérie des premiers moyens pour créer une zone de confinement dynamique comprenant principalement une première double paroi constituée de deux parois concentriques 30 et 32 définissant entre elles un espace 34. Ainsi, l'espace 34 communique avec l'intérieur du local par une fente circulaire située entre les parois 30 et 32, à la base de ces dernières. Un organe de mise en circulation d'air (ventilateur 36, compresseur, ...) permet d'extraire l'air se trouvant dans la zone 12 et au voisinage de celle-ci grâce à une conduite 38 équipée de deux filtres 40 et 42. Le filtre 40 joue le rôle de préfiltre et peut être, par exemple, un filtre électrostatique ou un cyclone électrostatique. Le filtre 42 est un filtre à très haute efficacité ou un filtre absolu destiné à arrêter les poussières ou particules les plus fines. Eventuellement, on peut prévoir en outre un filtre à charbon 44 monté sur une canalisation 46 elle-même montée en dérivation sur la conduite 38 grâce à une vanne à trois voies 48. Le filtre à charbon 44 permet d'arrêter d'éventuelles vapeurs nocives.FIG. 1 also shows the dismantling system object of the invention placed inside the room 10. This first comprises a hood 28 having substantially the shape of a truncated cone, this hood being placed above above zone 12. The hood 28 has at its periphery first means for creating a dynamic confinement zone mainly comprising a first double wall consisting of two concentric walls 30 and 32 defining between them a space 34. Thus, the space 34 communicates with the interior of the local by a circular slot located between the walls 30 and 32, at the base of the latter. An air circulation device (fan 36, compressor, etc.) makes it possible to extract the air located in and in the region of zone 12 by means of a pipe 38 equipped with two filters 40 and 42. The filter 40 acts as a prefilter and can be, for example, an electrostatic filter or an electrostatic cyclone. The filter 42 is a very high efficiency filter or an absolute filter intended to stop the finest dust or particles. Optionally, it is also possible to provide a carbon filter 44 mounted on a pipe 46 which is itself mounted as a bypass on the pipe 38 by means of a three-way valve 48. The carbon filter 44 makes it possible to stop any harmful vapors .

L'air extrait par le ventilateur 36 se divise en deux parties. Une première partie est renvoyée à la partie supérieure de la hotte grâce à une conduite 50. De là, il s'écoule dans l'espace 34 et forme un rideau d'air entourant continûment la zone 12 où se trouvent les outils de découpe et les installations à démanteler. On crée ainsi une zone de confinement dynamique autour de la zone 12 et les poussières, aérosols, vapeurs etc... produits dans cette zone sont évacués en partie supérieure de la hotte grâce au ventilateur 36 et à la conduite 38. Eventuellement, une partie de l'air renvoyé à la partie supérieure de la hotte par la conduite 50 peut être insufflée dans le local grâce à une vanne 52 prévue à la partie supérieure de la hotte.The air extracted by the fan 36 is divided into two parts. A first part is returned to the upper part of the hood through a pipe 50. From there, it flows into the space 34 and forms an air curtain continuously surrounding the zone 12 where the cutting tools are located and the facilities to be dismantled. This creates a dynamic confinement zone around zone 12 and the dust, aerosols, vapors, etc. produced in this zone are evacuated in the upper part of the hood thanks to the fan 36 and to the pipe 38. Optionally, part air returned to the upper part of the hood by the pipe 50 can be blown into the room through a valve 52 provided at the upper part of the hood.

Une autre partie de l'air extrait par le ventilateur 36 est envoyée dans la canalisation d'extraction 18 grâce à une conduite 54 équipée d'une vanne 56. La canalisation 54 permet de maintenir la dépression voulue à l'intérieur du local 10 au cours des opérations de démantèlement. En effet, avant de commencer le démantèlement, on ferme progressivement la vanne 15 afin de boucher l'entrée d'air dans le local. Dans ce cas, la vanne 26 peut être ouverte afin que l'air circule directement de la conduite 14 à la conduite 18 sans traverser le local 10. Cependant, il y a toujours des fuites et de l'air extérieur pénètre plus ou moins à l'intérieur du local. Le débit du ventilateur 36 est réglé pour assurer d'une part le débit nécessaire pour créer la zone de confinement par soufflage en périphérie de la hotte et, d'autre part, pour évacuer dans les conduites 54 et 18 un débit d'air égal à celui qui pénètre dans le local par les fuites.Another part of the air extracted by the fan 36 is sent to the extraction pipe 18 through a pipe 54 fitted with a valve 56. The pipe 54 makes it possible to maintain the desired vacuum inside the room 10 at Classes dismantling operations. Indeed, before starting the dismantling, the valve 15 is gradually closed in order to block the air intake in the room. In this case, the valve 26 can be opened so that the air flows directly from the pipe 14 to the pipe 18 without passing through the room 10. However, there are always leaks and outside air penetrates more or less to inside the room. The flow rate of the fan 36 is adjusted to ensure on the one hand the flow rate necessary to create the containment zone by blowing on the periphery of the hood and, on the other hand, to evacuate in the ducts 54 and 18 an equal flow of air to those who enter the premises through leaks.

Une variante de réalisation des moyens prévus pour créer une zone de confinement dynamique prévoit d'ajouter des deuxièmes moyens de soufflage de gaz. Ceux-ci peuvent être utilisés à la place des premiers moyens de soufflage de gaz. Ces deuxièmes moyens sont destinés à créer un rideau d'air ascendant, entourant continument la zone 12 où se trouvent les outils de découpe et les installations à démanteler. En référence à la figure 5, il comporte une couronne 33. Cette dernière peut être soit posée sur le sol, entourant la zone 12, soit être suspendue au système en dessous de la zone 12, et de manière concentrique à la hotte 28. La couronne 33 peut être alimentée par une conduite 35, reliée elle-même au ventilateur 36. Cette liaison peut se faire par l'intermédiaire d'un enrouleur 37. La couronne 33 ne doit pas avoir un diamètre plus grand que le diamètre maximal de la hotte 28.An alternative embodiment of the means provided for creating a dynamic confinement zone provides for the addition of second gas blowing means. These can be used in place of the first gas blowing means. These second means are intended to create an ascending air curtain, continuously surrounding the zone 12 where the cutting tools and the installations to be dismantled are located. With reference to FIG. 5, it comprises a crown 33. The latter can either be placed on the ground, surrounding zone 12, or be suspended from the system below zone 12, and concentrically with the hood 28. The crown 33 can be supplied by a pipe 35, itself connected to the fan 36. This connection can be made via a reel 37. The crown 33 must not have a diameter greater than the maximum diameter of the hood 28.

Ces deuxièmes moyens de soufflage peuvent être prévus sur le même système comprenant les premiers moyens de soufflage. Par contre, ces deux moyens de soufflage ne peuvent pas fonctionner en même temps, car ils créeraient deux rideaux d'air antagonistes, l'un descendant et l'autre ascendant. Il apparaîtrait alors des zones de pertubation aux endroits où les deux rideaux d'air se rencontreraient. Dans ces zones, les transferts horizontaux d'aérosol issus de la zone 12 seraient favorisés ; ce que l'on cherche à éviter à l'aide du système selon l'invention.These second blowing means can be provided on the same system comprising the first blowing means. On the other hand, these two blowing means cannot operate at the same time, because they would create two opposing air curtains, one descending and the other ascending. Disturbance zones would then appear where the two air curtains meet. In these zones, horizontal aerosol transfers from zone 12 would be favored; what we want to avoid using the system according to the invention.

En référence de nouveau à la figure 1, on peut encore prévoir, accroché à la périphérie de la hotte, un rideau 58, par exemple en vinyl, représenté schématiquement en traits mixtes sur la figure 1. Ce rideau contribue à diriger le flux d'air sortant de l'espace 34 suivant une direction verticale afin de renforcer le confinement de la zone 12. Eventuellement, on peut prévoir un deuxième rideau 60, également en vinyl, et représenté en traits mixtes sur le dessin, l'air sortant de l'espace 34 pénétrant ainsi dans l'espace entre ces deux rideaux. Enfin, le dispositif de contrôle et de commande 22 permet aussi de contrôler les vannes 15 et 19 ainsi que la vanne 56 équipant la conduite 54, la vanne 48 et le ventilateur 36, et éventuellement la vanne 52 dont le réglage permet d'optimiser le confinement dynamique, en ajustant les flux soufflé et extrait.Referring again to FIG. 1, it is also possible to provide, hung on the periphery of the hood, a curtain 58, for example made of vinyl, shown diagrammatically in phantom in Figure 1. This curtain contributes to directing the flow of air leaving the space 34 in a vertical direction in order to reinforce the confinement of the zone 12. Optionally, a second curtain 60 can also be provided, also made of vinyl, and shown in phantom in the drawing, the air leaving the space 34 thus entering the space between these two curtains. Finally, the monitoring and control device 22 also makes it possible to control the valves 15 and 19 as well as the valve 56 fitted to the pipe 54, the valve 48 and the fan 36, and possibly the valve 52, the adjustment of which makes it possible to optimize the dynamic confinement, by adjusting the blown and extracted flows.

La figure 2 montre comment le système de démantèlement objet de l'invention peut être utilisé dans un bâtiment de grandes dimensions, par exemple un bâtiment contenant un réacteur nucléaire. Ce bâtiment, portant la référence générale 62, est limité par une double paroi, à savoir une paroi intérieure 64 et une paroi extérieure 66. Ces dernières sont représentées en traits mixtes sur la figure 2, de même que les structures de support 68 sur lesquelles sont montés le réacteur 70, les échangeurs de chaleur 72, les pompes 74 ainsi que les canalisations reliant ces différents éléments. Le système de démantèlement 76 objet de l'invention peut être monté sur un pont roulant 78 circulant à la partie supérieure du bâtiment 62, le système 76 étant accroché à ce pont roulant par l'intermédiaire de câbles 80. En fait, les câbles 80 sont accrochés à un chariot 82 monté sur le pont roulant et mobile par rapport à celui-ci. On peut ainsi amener le dispositif 76 en n'importe quel point à l'intérieur du bâtiment 62.FIG. 2 shows how the dismantling system which is the subject of the invention can be used in a large building, for example a building containing a nuclear reactor. This building, bearing the general reference 62, is limited by a double wall, namely an inner wall 64 and an outer wall 66. The latter are shown in phantom in Figure 2, as are the support structures 68 on which are mounted the reactor 70, the heat exchangers 72, the pumps 74 as well as the pipes connecting these different elements. The dismantling system 76 which is the subject of the invention can be mounted on an overhead crane 78 running at the top of the building 62, the system 76 being attached to this overhead crane by cables 80. In fact, the cables 80 are attached to a carriage 82 mounted on the traveling crane and movable with respect thereto. It is thus possible to bring the device 76 to any point inside the building 62.

Le système de démantèlement 76 va maintenant être décrit plus en détail en référence à la figure 3.The dismantling system 76 will now be described in more detail with reference to FIG. 3.

On voit sur cette figure que le système de démantèlement 76 objet de l'invention se présente sous la forme d'une machine comprenant d'abord une ossature mécanique 84 sur laquelle est montée la hotte 28. Dans l'exemple représenté ici, la hotte 28 est montée à la partie inférieure de l'ossature 84. Cette dernière supporte, à sa partie supérieure, une cellule 86 pouvant accueillir un opérateur et dans laquelle se trouvent les appareils de commande 88. La cellule 86 est entourée d'un blindage de protection 87. Comme celui-ci est d'un poids important, il constitue un élément pesant apte à accroître la stabilité de la machine 76. Eventuellement, on peut supprimer la cellule 86 et utiliser des éléments pesants d'une autre forme pour améliorer la stabilité de la machine.We see in this figure that the system of dismantling 76 object of the invention is in the form of a machine first comprising a mechanical frame 84 on which is mounted the hood 28. In the example shown here, the hood 28 is mounted at the bottom of the frame 84. The latter supports, at its upper part, a cell 86 which can accommodate an operator and in which the control devices 88 are located. The cell 86 is surrounded by a protective shield 87. As it is 'A significant weight, it constitutes a heavy element capable of increasing the stability of the machine 76. Optionally, the cell 86 can be omitted and heavy elements of another shape can be used to improve the stability of the machine.

Les outils servant au démantèlement des installations à éliminer peuvent être manoeuvrés au moyen de télémanipulateurs 90. Ces derniers peuvent avantageusement être montés sur la machine 76. Dans l'exemple représenté ici, le boîtier 92 comprenant toutes les commandes mécaniques et électriques du manipulateur 90 est fixé directement d'une part à la hotte et d'autre part à la cellule 86. Cependant, il ne s'agit là que d'une disposition préférentielle et on ne sortirait pas du cadre de l'invention en utilisant un autre montage, ou même en ne montant pas les télémanipulateurs ou les outils de découpe sur la machine 76.The tools used to dismantle the installations to be eliminated can be operated by means of remote manipulators 90. These can advantageously be mounted on the machine 76. In the example shown here, the housing 92 comprising all the mechanical and electrical controls of the manipulator 90 is fixed directly on the one hand to the hood and on the other hand to the cell 86. However, this is only a preferential arrangement and it would not go beyond the scope of the invention by using another assembly, or even by not mounting the remote manipulators or the cutting tools on the machine 76.

Le dispositif illustré à la figure 3 présente l'avantage de pouvoir intégrer à la machine de démantèlement 76 un certain nombre d'accessoires et, d'abord, les outils de découpe et leur système de commande et de manipulation. Cependant, on peut également monter sur cette machine des moyens d'éclairement et de vision à distance, des détecteurs de température, de gaz toxiques ou d'explosifs, des moyens de manutention des pièces à découper ou des écrans aérauliques mobiles.The device illustrated in Figure 3 has the advantage of being able to integrate into the dismantling machine 76 a number of accessories and, first, the cutting tools and their control and handling system. However, it is also possible to mount means of lighting and remote vision on this machine, temperature detectors, toxic gases or explosives, means for handling the parts to be cut or mobile ventilation screens.

On va maintenant décrire plus en détail la hotte 28 en référence aux figures 3, 4 et 5.We will now describe in more detail the hood 28 with reference to FIGS. 3, 4 and 5.

On retrouve sur ces figures la première double paroi constituée des deux tôles 30 et 32 placées à la périphérie de la hotte et qui définissent entre elles un espace 34. Chacune de ces tôles présente une partie en forme de tronc de cône divergeant vers le bas suivie d'une partie verticale. Les parties verticales des tôles 30 et 32 définissent deux cylindres concentriques communiquant avec l'extérieur par une fente située à la partie inférieure des tôles. A la partie inférieure de la tôle extérieure 32 est fixé un rideau 58, qui peut être en vinyl. Ce rideau est fixé tout le long de la tôle 32 et impose une direction verticale au rideau d'air qui s'échappe de l'espace 34 à la partie inférieure de la hotte. Ce rideau 58 peut être constitué d'un ensemble de lames en vinyl qui se recouvrent partiellement. En effet, il n'est pas nécessaire d'avoir une étanchéité parfaite car, même si une partie de l'air s'échappant à la périphérie de la hotte quittait la zone de confinement, cela n'intéresserait qu'une faible partie du débit et ne nuirait pas au fonctionnement de l'appareil. Eventuellement, on peut prévoir un deuxième rideau 60 accroché à la partie inférieure de la tôle intérieure 30, l'air sortant de l'espace 34 étant ainsi envoyé dans l'espace défini entre les deux rideaux 58 et 60. On a prévu, à la partie supérieure de la hotte, un certain nombre de ventilateurs 94 disposés de manière à souffler du gaz dans l'espace 34 compris entre les tôles 30 et 32.We find in these figures the first double wall consisting of two sheets 30 and 32 placed at the periphery of the hood and which define between them a space 34. Each of these sheets has a part in the form of a truncated cone diverging downwards followed by a vertical part. The vertical parts of the sheets 30 and 32 define two concentric cylinders communicating with the outside by a slot located at the lower part of the sheets. A curtain 58, which may be made of vinyl, is attached to the lower part of the outer sheet 32. This curtain is fixed all along the sheet metal 32 and imposes a vertical direction on the air curtain which escapes from the space 34 at the bottom of the hood. This curtain 58 may consist of a set of vinyl blades which partially overlap. Indeed, it is not necessary to have a perfect seal because, even if part of the air escaping at the periphery of the hood left the confinement zone, this would only interest a small part of the flow and would not affect the operation of the device. Optionally, a second curtain 60 can be provided attached to the lower part of the inner sheet 30, the air leaving the space 34 thus being sent into the space defined between the two curtains 58 and 60. There is provision, at the upper part of the hood, a certain number of fans 94 arranged so as to blow gas into the space 34 between the sheets 30 and 32.

On voit encore sur les figures 3 et 4 que la hotte est divisée en un certain nombre de compartiments 96 dont chacun est limité à sa partie inférieure par une tôle 98 et à sa partie supérieure par la tôle 30. La tôle 98 a la forme d'un tronc de cône de même angle au sommet que les tôles 30 et 32. Chaque compartiment 96 est séparé des compartiments voisins par des cloisons 100 disposées radialement par rapport à la hotte. Chaque cloison 100 est en contact étanche avec les tôles 30 et 98 et s'étend jusqu'à la partie centrale de la hotte.We can still see in Figures 3 and 4 that the hood is divided into a number of compartments 96 each of which is limited to its lower part by a sheet 98 and to its upper part by the sheet 30. The sheet 98 has the shape of 'a truncated cone with the same angle at the top as the sheets 30 and 32. Each compartment 96 is separated from the neighboring compartments by partitions 100 arranged radially relative to the hood. Each partition 100 is in tight contact with the sheets 30 and 98 and extends to the central part of the hood.

Dans le mode de réalisation illustré ici, chaque compartiment comprend deux chambres, à savoir une première chambre 102 et une deuxième chambre 104. Les chambres 102 et 104 sont séparées par une cloison 106 qui est disposée radialement à l'intérieur de la hotte, comme la cloison 100, mais, contrairement à cette dernière, ne s'étend pas jusqu'à la partie verticale de la tôle intérieure 30. Ainsi, un passage pour l'air est ménagé entre les deux chambres à l'intérieur de la hotte et à la périphérie de celle-ci.In the embodiment illustrated here, each compartment comprises two chambers, namely a first chamber 102 and a second chamber 104. The chambers 102 and 104 are separated by a partition 106 which is arranged radially inside the hood, like the partition 100, but, unlike the latter, does not extend to the vertical part of the inner sheet 30. Thus, a air passage is provided between the two chambers inside the hood and at the periphery thereof.

Chaque chambre 102 communique avec l'extérieur par une ouverture 108 située au voisinage de l'axe du cône défini par la hotte. Quant à la deuxième chambre 104, elle communique d'une part avec la première et, d'autre part, avec le ventilateur 94. La première chambre 102 est équipée de préfiltres 40 qui peuvent être des filtres électrostatiques ou des cyclones électrostatiques. Quant à la deuxième chambre, elle est équipée d'un ou plusieurs filtres à très haute efficacité ou de filtres absolus 42. Eventuellement, on peut prévoir en outre un filtre à charbon placé entre les filtres 40 et 42 par rapport au sens d'écoulement de l'air à travers les chambres 102 et 104.Each chamber 102 communicates with the outside via an opening 108 situated in the vicinity of the axis of the cone defined by the hood. As for the second chamber 104, it communicates on the one hand with the first and, on the other hand, with the fan 94. The first chamber 102 is equipped with prefilters 40 which can be electrostatic filters or electrostatic cyclones. As for the second chamber, it is equipped with one or more very high efficiency filters or absolute filters 42. Optionally, it is also possible to provide a carbon filter placed between the filters 40 and 42 relative to the direction of flow. air through chambers 102 and 104.

Ainsi, le ventilateur 94 permet d'aspirer l'air se trouvant dans la zone de confinement, c'est-à-dire la zone entourée par le rideau d'air s'écoulant depuis l'espace 34. L'air ainsi aspiré pénètre dans la hotte par les ouvertures 108, circule dans la première chambre 102 depuis le centre de la hotte jusqu'à la périphérie en passant à travers les filtres 40, puis pénètre dans la deuxième chambre 104 après avoir contourné la cloison 106 et circule dans la deuxième chambre depuis la périphérie de la hotte jusqu'au centre de celle-ci en passant à travers les filtres 42. C'est donc de l'air épuré qui est aspiré par le ventilateur 94 et renvoyé dans l'espace 34.Thus, the fan 94 makes it possible to aspirate the air located in the confinement zone, that is to say the zone surrounded by the curtain of air flowing from the space 34. The air thus sucked enters the hood through the openings 108, circulates in the first chamber 102 from the center of the hood to the periphery passing through the filters 40, then enters the second chamber 104 after having bypassed the partition 106 and circulates in the second chamber from the periphery of the hood to the center of the latter, passing through the filters 42. It is therefore purified air which is sucked in by the fan 94 and returned to the space 34.

En se reportant à la figure 5, une variante de réalisation du système selon l'invention prévoit une amélioration des moyens d'extraction des gaz présents dans la zone de confinement dynamique. Dans ce cas la hotte 28 est munie d'une deuxième double paroi, constituée des tôles 30 et 39, définissant un deuxième espace interne 41. Ce dernier est contigu à l'espace interne 34 de la première double paroi et placé à son intérieur. Ce deuxième espace interne est en communication avec l'intérieur du local, au même endroit que le premier espace interne, mais le jet de gaz est dirigé de manière différente. En effet, les tôles 30 et 39 définissent une sortie recourbée 43 qui dirige le gaz le long de la paroi interne 45 de la tôle 39 à l'intérieur de la hotte 28. Les gaz sont donc dirigés vers la partie centrale de la hotte, en haut du cône défini par les deux doubles parois et créent un flux convergent avec celui créé par l'aspiration centrale de la hotte. Cette deuxième circulation de gaz issu de la hotte peut également être obtenue au moyen des mêmes organes de mise en circulation d'air utilisés jusqu'à présent dans le système selon l'invention. Cette variante permet donc d'accélérer et de faciliter l'aspiration ascendante des gaz contenus dans la zone de confinement dynamique, augmentant par là même l'efficacité du système.Referring to FIG. 5, an alternative embodiment of the system according to the invention provides for an improvement in the means for extracting the gases present in the dynamic confinement zone. In this case the hood 28 is provided with a second double wall, consisting of the sheets 30 and 39, defining a second internal space 41. The latter is contiguous with the internal space 34 of the first double wall and placed at its interior. This second internal space is in communication with the interior of the room, at the same place as the first internal space, but the gas jet is directed in a different manner. In fact, the sheets 30 and 39 define a curved outlet 43 which directs the gas along the internal wall 45 of the sheet 39 inside the hood 28. The gases are therefore directed towards the central part of the hood, at the top of the cone defined by the two double walls and create a convergent flow with that created by the central aspiration of the hood. This second circulation of gas from the hood can also be obtained by means of the same air circulation members used until now in the system according to the invention. This variant therefore makes it possible to accelerate and facilitate the upward aspiration of the gases contained in the dynamic confinement zone, thereby increasing the efficiency of the system.

Ainsi, le système de démantèlement objet de l'invention présente des avantages particulièrement intéressants dont le principal est de permettre une élimination efficace de la pollution due aux outils de découpe. Ceci est rendu possible par le fait qu'on crée une zone de confinement dynamique à l'endroit où se trouvent les installations à démanteler et qu'on aspire l'air se trouvant dans cette zone, cet air passant immédiatement à travers des filtres avant d'être recyclé pour créer cette zone de confinement dynamique. De plus, le système peut être mis en oeuvre lorsque le système normal de ventilation du local est à l'arrêt. Ceci évite de faire circuler de très grandes quantités d'air qui risquent de disperser la contamination puisque le débit des ventilateurs 36 (figure 1) ou 94 (figures 3 et 4) est réglé pour n'assurer que le débit nécessaire à la création de la zone de confinement augmenté du débit des gaz de fonctionnement des outils de démantèlement et du débit nécessaire à l'évacuation de l'air ou des gaz qui pénètrent dans le local à travers les fuites inévitables dans les parois de ce dernier. Ces fuites sont ainsi mises à profit pour améliorer le confinement.Thus, the dismantling system which is the subject of the invention has particularly advantageous advantages, the main one of which is to allow effective elimination of the pollution due to the cutting tools. This is made possible by the fact that a dynamic confinement zone is created at the place where the installations to be dismantled are located and that the air in this zone is sucked in, this air immediately passing through front filters to be recycled to create this dynamic containment area. In addition, the system can be implemented when the normal room ventilation system is off. This avoids circulating very large amounts of air which risk dispersing the contamination since the flow rate of the fans 36 (FIG. 1) or 94 (FIGS. 3 and 4) is adjusted to ensure only the flow rate necessary for the creation of the confinement zone increased by the flow rate of the working gases of the dismantling tools and by the flow rate necessary for the evacuation of air or gases which enter the premises through the inevitable leaks in the walls of the latter. These leaks are thus used to improve containment.

Le système de démantèlement objet de l'invention présente en outre une grande souplesse d'utilisation puisqu'il est possible de réaliser des maquettes en zone inactive afin d'étudier les difficultés de réalisation et de mise en oeuvre avant de reproduire les opérations dans une zone active. De plus, les dimensions du système, ainsi que le nombre et la nature des équipements qui doivent y être montés, peuvent être adaptés en fonction du type d'installation à démanteler.The dismantling system which is the subject of the invention also has great flexibility of use since it It is possible to make models in an inactive zone in order to study the difficulties of realization and implementation before reproducing the operations in an active zone. In addition, the dimensions of the system, as well as the number and nature of the equipment that must be mounted on it, can be adapted according to the type of installation to be dismantled.

Ce système présente en outre des avantages intéressants dans le domaine de la sécurité. En effet, on peut alimenter ce système en gaz neutre ou en air raréfié en oxygène, ce qui permet de limiter les risques d'incendie et d'explosion. On peut alimenter le système en gaz réfrigérant, par exemple en azote gazeux extrait d'une bouteille d'azote liquide. De plus, l'installation de captage et de filtration montée sur le système de démantèlement objet de l'invention est conçue pour recycler l'air du local. Ceci permet, après une opération de démantèlement, de capter l'ensemble des aérosols en suspension dans l'air avant de mettre à nouveau en route la ventilation du local (le temps de l'opération est lié au volume du local).This system also has interesting advantages in the field of security. In fact, this system can be supplied with neutral gas or oxygen-depleted air, which limits the risk of fire and explosion. The system can be supplied with refrigerant gas, for example gaseous nitrogen extracted from a bottle of liquid nitrogen. In addition, the capture and filtration installation mounted on the dismantling system object of the invention is designed to recycle the air in the room. This allows, after a dismantling operation, to capture all of the aerosols suspended in the air before starting the ventilation of the room again (the time of the operation is linked to the volume of the room).

De plus, le système objet de l'invention permet une durée de vie accrue des filtres à très haute efficacité ou absolus du système de ventilation puisqu'au cours des opérations de démantèlement, ce ne sont pas eux qui arrêtent les aérosols produits, mais les filtres du système de démantèlement lui-même. Les filtres du système de ventilation ne sont traversés que par de l'air épuré, ce qui améliore le confinement du local. D'autre part, comme le captage la filtration et le recyclage de l'air du local s'effectuent systématiquement pour chaque opération de démantèlement, on évite l'augmentation de l'activité du local qui se produit nécessairement avec les procédés de démantèlement actuels. Il s'ensuit par conséquent une diminution des temps de décontamination et du temps d'exposition du personnel. Enfin, la réduction importante des débits gazeux facilite la détection des gaz toxiques et leur captation par des pièges appropriés : en effet, le débit des ventilateurs, tels que 36 ou 94, même s'il y en a plusieurs sur la hotte, est très inférieur au débit normal traversant le local sous l'effet du système de ventilation.In addition, the system which is the subject of the invention allows an increased lifetime of very high efficiency or absolute filters of the ventilation system since during dismantling operations, it is not they which stop the aerosols produced, but the filters from the dismantling system itself. The filters in the ventilation system are only crossed by purified air, which improves the containment of the room. On the other hand, as the filtration, filtration and recycling of the air in the room are systematically carried out for each dismantling operation, the increase in activity in the room is avoided, which necessarily occurs with current dismantling processes. . Consequently, the decontamination times and the exposure time of the personnel are reduced. Finally, the significant reduction in gas flow rates facilitates the detection of toxic gases and their capture by appropriate traps: in fact, the flow rate of fans, such as 36 or 94, even if there are several on the hood, is very lower than normal flow crossing the room under the effect of the ventilation system.

Enfin, le système de démantèlement objet de l'invention présente des avantages intéressants sur le plan économique. Tout d'abord, les coûts de décontamination et de changement des filtres du réseau normal de ventilation sont diminués. D'autre part, dans le cas d'une centrale PWR, on passe d'un débit de quelques centaines de milliers de mètres cubes par heure, qui est le débit du système normal de ventilation, à seulement quelques milliers de mètres cubes par heure, ce qui représente le débit de l'installation de captage et de filtration associée au système de démantèlement, tout en ayant un rendement de captage et d'épuration des aérosols nettement supérieur à ce qu'il est avec les méthodes traditionnelles. Cette diminution des débits permet de faciliter le captage des gaz toxiques, de réduire la taille des moyens d'épuration (préfiltres, filtres à charbon, filtres à très haute efficacité ou absolus) et de recycler l'air du local. On peut également maintenir celui-ci en dépression en évacuant un débit équivalent au débit de fuites après filtration, ce qui évite de polluer davantage les filtres à très haute efficacité du système de ventilation. Le système objet de l'invention est facile à régler et a une grande souplesse d'utilisation. Il permet encore de diminuer les coûts de mise en oeuvre, de réduire l'encombrement du local du fait de la conception intégrée, de réduire le volume des déchets, et enfin, il présente la possibilité de changer les filtres avec les télémanipulateurs servant au démantèlement. Le système objet de l'invention permet par ailleurs d'optimiser le rendement des outils et celui du captage des aérosols produits du fait que la position de la hotte, donc la position des outils qu'elle porte, est bien définie dans l'espace et peut être ajustée avec précision à coïncider avec celle de la tâche. Il permet aussi de réguler le captage des aérosols produits, en fonction de la puissance d'utilisation des outils.Finally, the dismantling system which is the subject of the invention has interesting advantages from an economic point of view. First of all, the costs of decontamination and changing the filters of the normal ventilation network are reduced. On the other hand, in the case of a PWR plant, we go from a flow of a few hundred thousand cubic meters per hour, which is the flow of the normal ventilation system, to only a few thousand cubic meters per hour. , which represents the throughput of the capture and filtration installation associated with the dismantling system, while having an aerosol capture and purification efficiency significantly higher than it is with traditional methods. This reduction in flow rates makes it easier to capture toxic gases, reduce the size of the purification means (prefilters, carbon filters, very high efficiency or absolute filters) and recycle the air in the room. It can also be kept under vacuum by evacuating a flow equivalent to the leak rate after filtration, which avoids further polluting the very high efficiency filters of the ventilation system. The system which is the subject of the invention is easy to adjust and has great flexibility of use. It also makes it possible to reduce the implementation costs, to reduce the space requirement of the premises due to the integrated design, to reduce the volume of waste, and finally, it presents the possibility of changing the filters with the manipulators used for dismantling. . The system object of the invention also makes it possible to optimize the performance of the tools and that of the capture of the aerosols produced because the position of the hood, therefore the position of the tools which it carries, is well defined in space. and can be adjusted precisely to coincide with that of the task. It also makes it possible to regulate the capture of the aerosols produced, according to the power of use of the tools.

Quant aux applications, elles ne se limitent pas au démantèlement d'installations nucléaires mais le système objet de l'invention peut être utilisé par toute opération qui entraîne une pollution plus ou moins importante de l'atmosphère au lieu d'intervention (production d'aérosols, de poussières, de gaz toxiques, etc...). Quant à la hotte, elle peut être utilisée pour toute opération nécessitant la création d'une zone de confinement dynamique.As for the applications, they are not limited to the dismantling of nuclear installations but the system which is the subject of the invention can be used by any operation which causes more or less significant pollution of the atmosphere instead intervention (production of aerosols, dust, toxic gases, etc.). As for the hood, it can be used for any operation requiring the creation of a dynamic containment zone.

Claims (14)

  1. System (76) for dismantling installations present in a building (10) capable of being maintained under partial vacuum, or possibly under overpressure by means of a ventilation system (16, 14, 18, 20), the dismantling being performed by means of at least one tool producing a pollution of the atmosphere prevailing in the vicinity of the said installations comprising:
    - means (28, 36) for creating a dynamic confinement zone around the tool with the aid of gas flows, blown and extracted respectively, comprising:
    · a hood (28) capable of being placed above the tool, this hood (28) having a periphery and a central part and which comprises a first double wall (30, 32) defining a space (34) communicating with the interior of the building (10), and first blowing means (36) being disposed so as to blow gas into this space (34).
    · the said first means (36) for blowing gas at the periphery of this hood (28) arranged so as to create a curtain of descending gas surrounding the tool, thus participating in the creation of the said dynamic confinement zone; and
    · the blowing means (36) also ensuring the extraction of the gases present in the said dynamic confinement zone, the extraction being performed through the central part of the hood (28);
    - means (40, 42) for cleansing the gases thus extracted,
    characterised in that it comprises means (22) for regulating the said gas flows adapted on the one hand to maintain the building (10) at the said determined pressure when the ventilation system is shut down, and, on the other hand, to ensure the flow of gas necessary in order to create the said confinement zone,
       in that the means for creating a dynamic confinement zone comprise a second double wall (30, 39), defining in the hood (28) a second internal space (41) placed inside the first double wall (30, 32) and communicating with the interior of the building through an outlet (43) curved inwards, so as to blow gases along the internal wall (45) of the second double wall (30, 39) towards the central part of the hood (28), in order to facilitate the extraction of the gases inside the dynamic confinement zone;
       in that the said cleansing means comprise:
    - at least one compartment (96) inside the hood (28), this compartment (96) communicating on the one hand with the said confinement zone through an aperture (108) and, on the other hand, with a suction means (94) mounted on the hood (28); and
    - at least one filter (42) placed inside this compartment (96) so as to filter the totality of the gas which passes through this compartment (96) from the said aperture (108) as far as the suction means (94),
       and in that it further comprises a mechanical framework (84) on which are mounted the hood (28), the suction means (94) and the cleansing means (40, 42).
  2. System (76) according to Claim 1, characterised in that the said blowing means comprise second gas blowing means, placed underneath the tool producing the pollution, constituted by a ring (33), so as to create a curtain of gas ascending and surrounding the tool, thus participating in the creation of the said dynamic confinement zone.
  3. System (76) according to Claim 2, characterised in that the said cleansing means (40, 42) are mounted on the hood (28).
  4. System (76) according to Claim 1, characterised in that the said compartment (96) comprises:
    - a first chamber (102) communicating with the confinement zone through the said aperture (108);
    - a second chamber (104) separated from the first (102) by a partition (106) disposed so as to leave a passage for the gas between the two chambers (102, 104), the second chamber (104) communicating on the one hand with the said suction means (94) and on the other hand with the first chamber (102) through the said passage, one at least of the chambers (102, 104) being equipped with at least one filter (40, 42) placed so as to filter the totality of the gas which passes through this chamber (102).
  5. System (76) according to Claim 1, characterised in that it comprises at least one curtain (58) secured at the periphery of the hood (28) and surrounding the said dynamic confinement zone.
  6. System (76) according to Claim 5, characterised in that it further comprises a second curtain (60) secured at the periphery of the hood (28), so as to define a space between the two curtains (58, 60), this space (34) surrounding the dynamic confinement zone and the first blowing means (36) being arranged so as to blow gas into the space (34) thus created.
  7. System (76) according to Claim 5 or 7, characterised in that at least one of the curtains (58, 60) is of vinyl.
  8. System (76) according to Claim 1, characterised in that it is movable with the aid of handling means (78).
  9. System (76) according to Claim 1, characterised in that it comprises at least one heavy member (87) so as to increase the stability of the said system.
  10. System (76) according to Claim 9, characterised in that the said heavy member (87) is a shielding.
  11. System (76) according to Claim 10, characterised in that it further comprises handling means (90).
  12. System (76) according to Claim 1, characterised in that it comprises means for supply of fluids.
  13. System (76) according to Claim 1, characterised in that it comprises a shielded cell (86), adapted to receive an operator.
  14. Method for using the dismantling system according to Claim 1, the said ventilation system comprising a gas inlet (15) into the building (10) and a network (18, 20) for extracting the gases located inside this building (10), characterised in that it comprises the following stages consisting in:
    (a) plugging the said gas inlet (15); and
    (b) connecting the said means (36) for extracting the gases present in the dynamic confinement zone to the network (18, 20) for extracting the gases present in the building (10).
EP19880402190 1987-09-01 1988-08-30 System for dismantling installations present in a building, and process for using this system Expired - Lifetime EP0307284B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR8712136A FR2619953B1 (en) 1987-09-01 1987-09-01 SYSTEM FOR DISMANTLING FACILITIES PRESENT IN A PREMISES, ITS IMPLEMENTATION METHOD AND HOOD USABLE IN THIS SYSTEM
FR8712136 1987-09-01

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EP0307284A1 EP0307284A1 (en) 1989-03-15
EP0307284B1 true EP0307284B1 (en) 1993-02-17

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FR (1) FR2619953B1 (en)

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JP3395736B2 (en) * 1999-10-26 2003-04-14 ダイキン工業株式会社 Air supply and exhaust system
FR2958048B1 (en) * 2010-03-23 2013-01-11 Commissariat Energie Atomique MOBILE INTERVENTION SYSTEM IN THE ATMOSPHERE OF RADIOACTIVE GAS, IN PARTICULAR TRITIUM

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FR2163927A5 (en) * 1971-12-07 1973-07-27 Cometal
US3834293A (en) * 1972-11-22 1974-09-10 L Danieli Equipment for conveying smokes and products of the combustion in a smelting furnace
US3988972A (en) * 1975-01-15 1976-11-02 Hitachi, Ltd. Gas shielding method for a fuel exchange pool and an apparatus therefor

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DE3878512D1 (en) 1993-03-25
EP0307284A1 (en) 1989-03-15
FR2619953A1 (en) 1989-03-03
DE3878512T2 (en) 1993-09-09
FR2619953B1 (en) 1989-11-24

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