EP0306023A1

EP0306023A1 - Gyratory crusher

Info

Publication number: EP0306023A1
Application number: EP88114282A
Authority: EP
Inventors: Shigeto Fukumura; Tsukasa Katayama; Yorizou Kudou; Masahiko Nishi
Original assignee: Kawasaki Heavy Industries Ltd; Kawasaki Jukogyo KK
Current assignee: Kawasaki Heavy Industries Ltd; Kawasaki Motors Ltd
Priority date: 1987-09-03
Filing date: 1988-09-01
Publication date: 1989-03-08
Also published as: JPH043260B2; EP0306023B1; JPS6463052A; AU2183988A; DE3867769D1; AU605624B2

Abstract

A gyratory crusher comprising an upper and a lower frame, situated on a base, a hopper mounted on the upper frame, an eccentric sleeve rotatably attached to the lower frame, a main shaft rotatably attached to the sleeve, a mantle mounted on the main shaft and having a first crushing surface formed in a continuation of a straight line or a concavely curved line on which a plurality of undulations successively provided extending from the upper end to the lower end area are downwardly canted, a concave disposed within the upper frame and having a second crushing surface opposing to the first crushing surface, on which a plurality of undulations successively provided extending from the upper end to the lower end area are downwardly canted, being characterized in that the shape of the crushed particles and the crushing speed vary depending on the selection from the combination of the direction of the undulations of the mantle side and those of said concave side.

Accordingly, the more acute the angle made by the undulations of the mantle side therebetween inclined in the counterclockwise direction becomes, the less effective the crushing function becomes while on the other hand the crushing speed becomes faster.

Description

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

Field of the Invention

The present invention relates to a gyratory crusher particularly of the type with an improved crushing surface of a concave and that of a mantle.

Description of the Prior Art

Conventionally, hither-to-known gyratory crushers comprise a crushing chamber composed of a mantle and a concave as shown, for example, in Fig. 7 and Fig. 8.
In the above figures, reference numeral 1 denotes an upper frame connected to an upper portion of a lower frame 2 situated on a base (not shown). Disposed to an upper portion is a hopper 3 adapted to serve as an inlet for minerals such as ores, rocks and so on. Furthermore, within the upper frame 1, a concave 4 of a conical frustrum shape is formed with its inner peripheral surface being smoothly curved so that it functions as a crushing surface.
Meanwhile, an eccentric sleeve 5 having an eccentric axial bore formed therein is rotatably inserted into a boss 2a of the lower frame 2, and a main shaft 7 is rotatably thrusted into the eccentric sleeve 5. The lower end of the main shaft 7 is carried by a lower bearing (not shown) such as a thrust bearing. The upper end of the main shaft 7 is carrried by an upper bearing 8 such as a radial spherical bearing, and the upper bearing 8 is supported by a plurality of upper frame arms 9 provided to the upper frame 1. The main shaft 7 is provided with a mantle 10 shaped in a conical frustrum through a mantle core 11. The mantle 10 is a rotatable portion opposing to the concave 4, forming a crushing chamber 12 therebetween.
In the crushing surface of the mantle 10, undulations 19 formed in continuation radially outwardly extending from the upper end area to the lower end area are downwardly canted in the forward direction in compliance with the rotating direction of the mantle 10 (counterclockwise in Fig. 8).
On the other hand, the lower end of the eccentric sleeve 5 with the main shaft 7 thrusted therein is provided with a bevel gear 13. The bevel gear 13 is engaged with a pinion bevel gear 15 attached to an inner end of a horizontal shaft 14. The horizontal shaft 14 is supported by a casing 16 mounted on the frame 2 through a bearing 17, while the outer end of the horizontal shaft 14 is attached with a V-pulley 18 connected to an electric motor (not shown) through a V belt (not shown).
With the above-mentioned construction of a gyratory crusher, in order to crush the minerals, the electric motor is actuated to cause the eccentric sleeve 5 to rotate, and at the same time, the minerals are thrown through the hopper 3. Due to rotation of the eccentric sleeve 5, as the lower end of the main shaft 7 is eccentrically revolved, the mantle 10 is likewise eccentrically revolved, and the minerals are dropped into the crushing chamber 12 located between the mantle 10 and each to be trapped between two adjacent undulations 19 in the mantle 10 and the concave 4 with their tendency to slide upwards or toward the circumference being limited according to gradual reduction of a space interposed among the inner peripheral surface of the concave 4 and the two undulations adjacent to each other in the crushing surface of the mantle 10 while being successively crushed by compressing, bending and shearing functions so as to become crushed particles, and discharged out of the crusher through a lower portion of the crushing chamber 12 via a discharge port (not shown) of the lower frame 2 (refer to Japanese Patent Appln. Publication No. 61-263655, for example).
However, in the conventional gyratory crushers, although undulations formed in continuation towards its circumference are arranged on the crushing surface of the mantle 10, as the crushing surface of the concave 4 is smoothly curved, the minerals thrown through the hopper 3 are interposed among the inner peripheral surface of the concave and the undulations adjacent to each other in the above crushing surface of the mantle 10 to be crushed but in such a way that compression, bending or sharing function will not sufficiently work on the minerals, so that a crush-resistance cannot be reduced and because of the compression which is relatively large among those above-mentioned functions, the form of the crushed particles are mostly flat.
The present invention was accomplished in order to remove the afore-mentioned problems involved in the prior art. It is therefore an object of the present invention to improve ability to crush the minerals, to lower the energy cosumption, and further to minimize the stickiness of the crushed staff, so as to obtain the almost cubic-shaped particles, thereby to provide an improved gyratory crusher as a whole.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

In order to achieve the above-mentioned object, the present invention comprises crushing surfaces on a mantle and on a concave, both of which are provided with a continuation of undulations in the direction respectively towards their circumferences.
The present invention with the above-mentioned structure has the following functions. A mineral thrown into a crushing chamber formed between a concave and a mantle is interposed between the concaved part of the mantle and that of the concave opposing to the mantle while some of the crushed particles being slipped into the both concaved parts, thereby the crushing operation composed of compressing, bending and shearing functions is processed according to a periodical change of the space between the mantle and the concave, specially due to the bending function with a relatively low crush-resistance and the relatively large shearing function, so that the crushing ability can be increased and the energy consumption for this can be much reduced, with the effect that the abrasingly crushing function is increased due to the movements of the particles in the concaved space on the both crushing surfaces, and consequently the crushed particles of the mineral can be minimized so as to acquire them in a cubic shape.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

Fig. 1 is a front view of the first emboiment of the gyratory crusher according to the present invention;
Figs. 2A and 2B are respectively a plan view and a front view;
Figs. 3A, 3B, 3C, Figs. 4A, 4B, Figs. 5A, 5B and 5C are plan views of the first embodiment in which the state of the undulations in the first embodiment is shown;
Figs. 6A and 6B are respectively a plan view and a front view of the second embodiment;
Fig. 7 is a sectional view of the conventional gyratory crusher; and
Figs. 8A and 8B are respectively a plan view and a front view of Fig. 7.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE EMBODIMENT

The above and other objects and features of the present invention will become apparent upon reading the following detailed description of the embodiment with reference to the accompanying Fig. 1 to Fig. 6A. In the following explanation, the composing members which are same as those shown in Fig. 7 are numbered with same numerals so as not to repeat the explanation.
Fig. 1 is a front view of an important portion of a gyratory crusher according to the first embodiment of the present invention, in which the undulations 19 are arranged in the crushing surface of the mantle 10. The undulations 19 are formed successively at a uniform pitch towards the circumference of the mantle 10. On the other hand, in the crushing surface of the concave 4 undulations 20 are disposed. The undulations 20 are formed successively at a uniform pitch towards the circumference of the concave 4.
Fig. 2 is a schematic illustration for explaining the important portion shown in Fig. 1. The crushing surface of the mantle 10 is of a conical frustrum shape, on which the undulations 19 provided successively extending from the upper end to the lower end area are downwardly canted in complience with the rotating direction of the mantle 10 (counterclockwise as shown in Fig. 2A); in other words, these undulations 19 are leftwardly twisted. The crushing surface of the concave 4 forming a rotationally curving surface is provided with the undulations 20, which are formed successively extending from the upper end to the lower end area being downwardly canted in the different direction from that of the undulations 19 of the mantle 10 so as to face them diagonally, in other words, these undulations are rightwardly twisted.
Figs. 3A to 5C are schematic illustrations for showing the state of the undulations 19 and 20 in the first embodiment. In Figs. 3A to 3C, the undulations 19 formed in the crushing surface of the mantle 10 are successively provided at a uniform pitch extending from the upper end area to the lower end area thereof and downwardly canted in compliance with the predetermined rotating direction of the mantle 10 itself.
In Fig. 3A, the undulations 20 formed in the crushing surface of the concave 4 are successively provided at a uniform pitch extending from the upper end area to the lower end area thereof and downwardly canted in such a direction as to face the undulations 19 diagonally.
In Fig. 3B, the undulations 20 formed in the crushing surface of the concave 4 are successively provided extending from the upper end area to the lower end area thereof at a uniform pitch along the generator line extended from the vertical axis of the concave 4.
In Fig. 3C, the undulations 20 formed in the crushing surface of the concave 4 successively provided at a uniform pitch extending from the upper end area to the lower end area thereof and downwardly canted in substantially the same direction as the undulations 19.
In Figs. 4A and 4B, the undulations 19 formed in the crushing surface of the mantle 10 are successively provided extending from the upper end area to the lower end area thereof at a uniform pitch along the generator line extended from the vertical axis of the mantle 10, while the undulations 20 formed in the crushing surface of the concave 4 are successively provided at a uniform pitch extending from the upper end area to the lower end area thereof and downwardly canted in such a direction as to face the undulations 29 diagonally.
In Figs. 5A to 5C, the undulations 19 formed in the crushing surface of the mantle 10 are successively provided at a uniform pitch extending from the upper end area to the lower end area thereof and downwardly canted against the predetermined rotating direction of the mantle 10 itself.
In Fig. 5A, the undulations 20 formed in the crushing surface of the concave 4 are successively provided at a uniform pitch extending from the upper end area to the lower end area thereof and downwardly canted in substantially the same direction as the undulations 19.
In Fig. 5B, the undulations 20 formed in the crushing surface of the concave 4 are successively provided extending from the upper end area to the lower end area thereof at a uniform pitch along the generator line extending from the vertical axis of the concave 4.
In Fig. 5C, the undulations 20 formed in the crushing surface of the concave 4 are successively provided at a uniform pitch extending from the upper end area to the lower end area thereof and downwardly canted in such a direction as to face the undulations 19 diagonally.
In the above first embodiment, a mineral thrown into a crushing chamber formed between a concave and a mantle is interposed between a concave and a mantle is interposed between the cocaved part of the mantle and that of the concave opposing to the mantle while some of the crushed particles being slipped into the both concaved parts, thereby the crushing operation composed of compressing, bending and shearing functions is processed due to a periodical change of the space between the mantle and the concave, specially due to the bending function with a relatively low crush-resistance and the relatively large shearing function, so that the crushing ability can be increased and the energy consumption for this can be much reduced.
In Fig. 3A, a mineral to be crushed flows down being raised upward by the rotational movement of the mantle 10 in its crushing process, and also being raised upward by the undulations 20 of the concave 4, thereby the velocity of its flowing down is reduced, and the opportunity and frequency of the mineral being ground between the undulations 19 and 20 of the mantle. 10 and the concave 4 respectively are increased, so that the shape of the ground particles is much improved.
In Figs. 3B and 3C, the mineral is crushed between the undulations 19 and 20 just as shown in Fig. 3A, but comparing the grinding ability among those structures shown in the three figures, the effectiveness of these structures can be ranked in the order of Fig. 3A, 3B and 3C, since the more acute the angle made by the undulations 20 and the other undulations 19 is, the more opportunity and frequency of being ground the mineral obtains, although on the contrary the grinding speed of the structure becomes slower in the same order.
In Fig. 4A, a mineral to be crushed flows down being raised upward by the undulations 20 of the concave 4 in its crushing process due to the rotational movement of the mantle 10, thereby the frequency and opportunity of the mineral being ground between the undulations 19 and 20 is increased, so that the shape of the ground particles is improved. In this state, the grinding effect is reduced compared with that in Fig. 3A. although its grinding speed becomes faster than that.
In Fig. 4B, according to the rotational movement of the mantle 10 a mineral to be crushed is pushed into the lower part of the mantle 10 by the function of the undulations 20 of the concave 4, and therefore, the speed of its flowing down in the crushing chamber is increased, thereby the frequency and opportunity of being ground is reduced, so that the shape of the ground particles thus deteriorates, although on the other hand the grinding speed of the mineral increases. In this state, the grinding effect is reduced compared with that in Fig. 3C, but its graining speed is much faster than that.
In Fig. 5A. a mineral to be crushed is pushed into the lower part of the mantle 10 due to the rotational movement in its crushing process, and is also raised upward by the function of undulations 20 of the concave 4 so as to reduce the speed of its flowing down in the crushing chamber, thereby the frequency and opportunity of the mineral being ground is increased, so that the shape of the ground particles can be improved. In this state, the grinding effect is reduced compared with those shown in Figs. 3A and 4A, although its grinding speed is increased.
In Figs. 5B and 5C, a mineral thrown into the crushing chamber is ground between the undulations 19 and 20 just as shown in Fig. 5A. The effectiveness of these structures can be ranked in the order of Fig. 5A, 5B and 5C in proportion to the acuteness of the angle made by the downwardly canted undulations 20, so that the frequency and opportunity of the mineral being ground is reduced in the above order, and accordingly the shape of the particles deteriorates, although the grinding speed of the mineral is increased. In this state, when the above function is compared with that shown in Figs. 3B, 3C, and 4B, the effectiveness of the grinding is deteriorated, although the grinding speed of the minerals are much increased.
Thus, by selecting the combination of various angles made by the downwardly canted undulations 19 and 20, taking advantage of the different level of grinding functions due to the complimentary movements obtained thereby, the grinding speed of the minerals can be easily improved and widely adjusted.
Comparing the ability of the crushing function of the first embodiment shown in Fig. 1 with that of the conventional structure, the set-under that shows the precision of the ground particles is within the range between 60 and 70% in the conventional structure, whereas that of the present invention is within the range between 85 and 95%, showing that the crushed particles can be minimized much more precisely according to the present invention than that according to the conventional art.
Futhermore, by changing the angle and the width of the downwardly canted undulations 19 and 20, the above-mentioned effectiveness can be much more improved.
Figs. 6A and 6B are plan and front views showing the important portion of the second embodiment according to the present invetion.
The only difference between the first embodiment and the second embodiment is in that the crushing surface of the mantle 10 is formed in a continuation of a straight line in the first embodiment, while that is formed in a continuation of a concavely curved line in the second embodiment, thus the explanation about the function or the structure of the second embodiment is omitted here.

Effect of the invention

As is obvious by the first and the second embodiments, the gyratory crusher according to this invention is practically effective in various ways in which the crushing surface of a mantle and that of a concave promote the crushing function of the minerals thrown into the interposed space between the undulations of the both surfaces, being affected by the compresing, bending, shearing and grinding functions. Specially, by the bending function with a small crush-resistance and the shearing function, the crushing effects of the gyratory crusher can be much improved, and consequently the energy consumption can be much lowered. Furthermore, complementary movements of the undulations (concaved and convexed portions) improves the mineral grinding function, thereby the size of the ground particles can be more minimized so as to make them in a cubic-shape.

Claims

1. A gyratory crusher comprising:
a vertical shaft adapted for eccentric rotation in a predetermined direction;
a frustoconical mantle rigidly provided on top of said vertical shaft and having a first crushing surface facing upward;
a concave disposed over said frustoconical mantle and having a second crushing surface facing downward to define a crushing chamber in co-operation of said first crushing surface, said concave adapted to admit minerals into said crushing chamber;
first undulations formed in said first crushing surface of the mantle, each first undulation extending radialy outwardly; and
second undulations formd in said second crushing surface, each second undulation extending radially outwardly.

2. A gyratory crusher claimed in claim 1, wherein a vertical cross section of said first crushing surface is a straight line.

3. A gyratory crusher claimed in claim 1, wherein a vertical cross section of said first crushing surface is a concavely curved line.

4. A gyratory crusher claimed in claim 2 or 3, wherein said first undulations formed in said first crushing surface are successively provided at a uniform pitch extending from the upper end area to the lower end area thereof and downwardly canted in compliance with said predetermined rotating direction of said mantle itself.

5. A gyratory crusher claimed in claim 4, wherein said second undulations formed in said second crushing surface are successively provided at a uniform pitch extending from the upper end area to the lower end area thereof and downwardly canted in such a direction so as to face said first undulations diagonally.

6. A gyratory crusher claimed in claim 4, wherein said second undulations formed in said second crushing surface are successively provided extending from the upper end area to the lower end area thereof at a uniform pitch along the generator line extending from the vertical axis of said concave.

7. A gyratory crusher claimed in claim 4, wherein said second undulations formed in said second crushing surface are successively provided at a uniform pitch extending from the upper end area to the lower end area thereof and downwardly canted in substantially the same direction as said first undulations.

8. A gyratory crusher claimed in claim 2 or 3, wherein said first undulations formed in said first crushing surface are successively provided extending from the upper end area to the lower end area thereof at a uniform pitch along the generator line extending from the vertical axis of said mantle.

9. A gyratory crusher claimed in claim 8, wherein said second undulations formed in said second crushing surface are successively provided at a uniform pitch extending from the upper end area to the lower end area thereof and downwardly canted in such a direction as to face said first undulations diagonally.

10. A gyratory crusher claimed in claim 2, or 3, wherein said first undulations formed in said first crushing surface are successively provided at a uniform pitch extending from the upper end area to the lower end area thereof and downwardly canted against said predetermined rotating direction of said mantle itself.

11. A gyratory crusher claimed in claim 10, wherein said second undulations formed in said second crushing surface are successively provided at a uniform pitch extending from the upper end area to the lower end area thereof and downwardly canted in substantially the same direction as said first undulations.

12. A gyratory crusher claimed in claim 10, wherein said second undulations formed in said second crushing surface are successively provided extending from the upper end area to the lower end area thereof at a uniform pitch along the generator line extending from the vertical axis of said concave.

13. A gyratory crusher claimed in claim 10, wherein said second undulations formed in said second crushing surface are successively provided at a uniform pitch extending from the upper end area to the lower end area thereof and downwardly canted in such a direction as to face said undulations diagonally.