EP0304764A2 - Method of preparing a defibrated cellulosic meterial, in particular wood fibres, for the production of fibre boards - Google Patents

Method of preparing a defibrated cellulosic meterial, in particular wood fibres, for the production of fibre boards Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0304764A2
EP0304764A2 EP88113246A EP88113246A EP0304764A2 EP 0304764 A2 EP0304764 A2 EP 0304764A2 EP 88113246 A EP88113246 A EP 88113246A EP 88113246 A EP88113246 A EP 88113246A EP 0304764 A2 EP0304764 A2 EP 0304764A2
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Prior art keywords
water vapor
resin
fiber particles
fiber
particles
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EP88113246A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP0304764B1 (en
EP0304764A3 (en
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Henricus Johannes Lanters
Jacobus Johannus Martinus Bremmers
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Hoechst AG
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Hoechst AG
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B27—WORKING OR PRESERVING WOOD OR SIMILAR MATERIAL; NAILING OR STAPLING MACHINES IN GENERAL
    • B27N—MANUFACTURE BY DRY PROCESSES OF ARTICLES, WITH OR WITHOUT ORGANIC BINDING AGENTS, MADE FROM PARTICLES OR FIBRES CONSISTING OF WOOD OR OTHER LIGNOCELLULOSIC OR LIKE ORGANIC MATERIAL
    • B27N1/00—Pretreatment of moulding material
    • B27N1/02—Mixing the material with binding agent
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B27—WORKING OR PRESERVING WOOD OR SIMILAR MATERIAL; NAILING OR STAPLING MACHINES IN GENERAL
    • B27N—MANUFACTURE BY DRY PROCESSES OF ARTICLES, WITH OR WITHOUT ORGANIC BINDING AGENTS, MADE FROM PARTICLES OR FIBRES CONSISTING OF WOOD OR OTHER LIGNOCELLULOSIC OR LIKE ORGANIC MATERIAL
    • B27N1/00—Pretreatment of moulding material

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a process for the production of shredded cellulose material, in particular wood fibers, up to a fiber length of 20 mm, which is provided with a high proportion of thermosetting resin.
  • the glued wood fibers are suitable for the production of decorative molded parts, whereby they are first formed into a fiber mat and then pressed at high temperature.
  • the method according to the invention is based on the known methods in which wood chips are first softened with steam and then, e.g. between two grinding disks, into wood fibers with a length of up to 20 mm. An aqueous alkaline solution of a thermosetting resin is then applied to the moist wood fibers and the glued wood fibers e.g. dried with hot air to a residual moisture content below 15% by weight (EP-B-0 081 147).
  • this known method is carried out, however, there is a risk that the resinous particles stick to the wall of the drying tube during drying and, in extreme cases, clog the drying tube, whereby self-ignition easily occurs.
  • the invention further relates to a decorative plate comprising a core layer and a decorative layer on one or both sides, in which the core layer consists of the fiber particles produced according to claim 1.
  • the plate is a flat body, the surface shape and surface structure of which is adapted to the application and which e.g. can also have a curved shape.
  • the plate is preferably a body with a substantially flat surface. Their thickness is in particular in the range from 0.5 to 30 mm. Plates of this type are described in particular in EP-B-0 081 147.
  • the plate according to the invention expediently has a scratch-resistant surface as described in EP-A-0 166 153 and EP-A-0 216 269.
  • Fibrous cellulose material is to be understood in particular as fibrous wood particles.
  • You will be out Produced wood types that allow defibering for example from softwood, such as spruce or pine, or hardwood, such as chestnut or beech wood.
  • cellulose fibers and industrial wood, paper and cellulose waste for example also wood flour or wood pulp, can be used; Waste from woodworking workshops is also suitable. It is also possible to replace part of the wood fibers, cellulose fibers or wood waste, preferably up to 20% by weight, with plastic waste, for example in the form of fibers or granules.
  • the wood is washed to remove traces of metal, stone or sand, then crushed into wood chips in a mill.
  • the wood chips are softened in a digestor (steam boiler) with water vapor under steam pressure of 1 to 10 bar in a few minutes and then, e.g. between two grinding disks in a refiner, chopped into wood fibers.
  • a digestor steam boiler
  • the wood fibers thus digested have a length of 0.3 to 20 mm, an average length of 0.5 to 3 mm and an average diameter of 0.025 to 0.05 mm.
  • the diameter range is between 0.01 and 1 mm, depending on the raw wood used and the defibration conditions.
  • the length and diameter of the cellulose fibers used are in the same dimensional range.
  • the fiber particles emerging from the fiberizing machine are blown in a hot steam stream in a blowing system transported under increased pressure, preferably at 2 to 10 bar, in particular 4 to 6 bar, in turbulent flow.
  • thermosetting resin is added in an aqueous, preferably alkaline solution, which is sprayed into the blowing system. Due to the turbulent flow, caused by a correspondingly small dimensioning of the blow pipe ("blow line") and an applied pressure difference over the length of the blow pipe, there is an optimal mixture between resin and fiber particles, even with very large amounts of resin, which are 200 to 1,000 g, in particular 300 to 600 g, can be 1,000 g of dry fibers.
  • the thermosetting resin is preferably a phenol-formaldehyde resin, as is customary for the production of decorative building boards (EP-B-0 081 147).
  • the mixture of water vapor and resinous fiber particles is led from the blowing system to a unit, where the resinous fiber particles are removed from the water vapor.
  • the water vapor is preferably completely separated off.
  • the fiber particles then still have a water content of 15 to 35% by weight, in particular 18 to 25% by weight.
  • This stage is advantageously carried out in a cyclone separator at atmospheric pressure, in particular without energy supply, but in principle other devices are also suitable with which systems made of solid particles, such as dust, and gases can be separated from one another.
  • Such devices are, for example, devices that work on the principle of gravity or centrifugal force and / or are constructed from filters or mechanical separators (cf. Perry's Chemical Engineers' Handbook, 6th ed.
  • the fiber particles are expediently blown through a drying tube heated with warm air, and are finely distributed by the air flow.
  • the warm air preferably has a temperature of 60 to 110 ° C.
  • the dried fibers leave the drying stage, for example, via a further cyclone separator or a similar device and are passed on for further processing, in particular for the production of decorative building boards, as described, for example, in EP-B-0 081 147.
  • the method surprisingly shows a combination of advantages. This largely prevents the presence of water vapor in the dryer, which means that the energy requirement is relatively low. The risk of fire is also significantly reduced. There is no danger in the blowing system or in the dryer that their function will be disturbed by adhering material.
  • the method does not require a great deal of equipment, and additional units for mixing and / or conveying the fiber particles are not required.
  • the fibers obtained after the drying stage are not agglomerated, so that they can be easily formed into compressible fiber mats.
  • the invention is illustrated by the following example and the figure.
  • the figure schematically shows the process flow.
  • Wood chips with approximately the same weight of water are continuously fed into a container 1 and treated in the boiler 2 with hot steam. After a dwell time of a few minutes, the softened wood chips are transported on to a refiner 3, where they are shredded into wood fibers between two grinding disks.
  • the wood fibers are passed on with hot water steam in a blowing system 4, into which thermosetting phenol-formaldehyde resin in aqueous alkaline solution is sprayed via the resin injector 5.
  • the blowing system 4 is cooled from the outside with water (cooling jacket 6).
  • the mixture of water vapor and resinous wood fibers obtained then passes into a cyclone separator 7 under atmospheric pressure.
  • the water vapor is removed and returned via line 8 to the wood chips container 1 for heating the wood particles.
  • the wood fibers coated or impregnated with resin are passed for the remaining drying through a cell lock 9 into a drying tube 10, which they leave with a residual moisture content of 7% by weight.
  • the wood fibers are conveyed through the dryer air into a cyclone separator 11 and transported via a cell lock to a forming station 12, where they are deposited on a belt and pre-compressed into a fiber mat.

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  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
  • Forests & Forestry (AREA)
  • Dry Formation Of Fiberboard And The Like (AREA)
  • Paper (AREA)
  • Absorbent Articles And Supports Therefor (AREA)
  • Prostheses (AREA)
  • Treatments For Attaching Organic Compounds To Fibrous Goods (AREA)
  • Removal Of Floating Material (AREA)
  • Photoreceptors In Electrophotography (AREA)

Abstract

The method of preparing a defibrated cellulose material, preferably wood fibres, especially those having a fibre length of up to 20 mm, involves a high proportion of thermosetting resin and is particularly suitable for preparing fibre-containing mouldings. In the process, the thermosetting resin is added in an aqueous, preferably alkaline solution to a mixture of fibre particles and steam, and the steam is removed from the resin-coated fibre particles in a dryer. After the addition of resin, the steam is removed from the mixture of steam and fibre particles which are then dried in a drying stage to a moisture content of less than 12 % by weight, especially 3 to 10 % by weight.

Description

Die Erfindung bezieht sich auf ein Verfahren zur Herstellung von zerfasertem Zellulosematerial, ins­besondere Holzfasern, bis zu einer Faserlänge von 20 mm, welches mit einem hohen Anteil an hitzehärtbarem Harz versehen ist. Die beleimten Holzfasern sind geeignet zur Herstellung von dekorativen Formteilen, wobei sie zunächst zu einer Fasermatte geformt und dann bei hoher Temperatur verpreßt werden.The invention relates to a process for the production of shredded cellulose material, in particular wood fibers, up to a fiber length of 20 mm, which is provided with a high proportion of thermosetting resin. The glued wood fibers are suitable for the production of decorative molded parts, whereby they are first formed into a fiber mat and then pressed at high temperature.

Das erfindungsgemäße Verfahren geht von den bekannten Verfahren aus, bei denen zunächst Holzschnitzel mit Wasserdampf erweicht und anschließend, z.B. zwischen zwei Mahlscheiben, zu Holzfasern mit einer Länge bis zu 20 mm zerkleinert werden. Auf die feuchten Holzfasern wird danach eine wäßrige alkalische Lösung eines hitze­härtbaren Harzes aufgebracht und die beleimten Holz­fasern z.B. mit Heißluft bis zu einer Restfeuchte unter 15 Gew.-% getrocknet (EP-B-0 081 147). Bei der Durchführung dieses bekannten Verfahrens besteht aller­dings die Gefahr, daß beim Trocknen die beharzten Teilchen an der Wand des Trockenrohres verkleben und im Extremfall das Trockenrohr verstopfen, wodurch leicht Selbstentzündung eintritt.The method according to the invention is based on the known methods in which wood chips are first softened with steam and then, e.g. between two grinding disks, into wood fibers with a length of up to 20 mm. An aqueous alkaline solution of a thermosetting resin is then applied to the moist wood fibers and the glued wood fibers e.g. dried with hot air to a residual moisture content below 15% by weight (EP-B-0 081 147). When this known method is carried out, however, there is a risk that the resinous particles stick to the wall of the drying tube during drying and, in extreme cases, clog the drying tube, whereby self-ignition easily occurs.

Es ist auch bekannt, die Holzfasern nach der Zerfase­rungsstation in einem Wasserdampf-Luftstrom zu führen, einen Großteil des Dampfstromes von den Holzfasern vor dem Harzauftrag zu entfernen, auf die vom restlichen Dampfstrom in einer Blasanlage mitgenommenen Faserteil­chen die wäßrige Harzlösung aufzubringen und danach die beleimten Holzfasern zu trocknen (DE-A-36 09 506). Dieses Verfahren zeigt zwar den Vorteil, daß aufgrund des vorher reduzierten Dampfanteils bei der Trocknung relativ wenig Energie erforderlich ist. Jedoch besteht bei diesem Verfahren die Gefahr, daß sich die Harz­lösung unzureichend mit den Holzfasern durchmischt und eine unerwünschte Vorverdichtung eintritt, wodurch bei der Weiterverarbeitung der beleimten Holzfasern nach dem Trocknen Probleme auftreten können. Durch schlechte Durchmischung der Holzfasern mit dem Harz entstehen Harztropfen, welche in der fertigen Platte Leimnester bilden. Diese führen zu unerwünschten optischen und technischen Qualitätsminderungen. Diese Nachteile des bekannten Verfahrens sind besonders gravierend, wenn relativ große Harzmengen bezogen auf die Holzfasermenge eingesetzt werden sollen, wie es beispielsweise nach der EP-B-0 081 147 vorgesehen ist. Ein weiterer Nachteil besteht darin, daß bei den großen Harzmengen nach der EP-B-0 081 147 die in der Figur der DE-A-36 09 506 mit 28 bezeichnete Leitung sich mit Harz und Faserteilchen zusetzen würde.It is also known to guide the wood fibers in a steam-air stream after the defibration station, a large part of the steam stream from the wood fibers to remove the resin application, to apply the aqueous resin solution to the fiber particles entrained by the remaining steam flow in a blowing system and then to dry the glued wood fibers (DE-A-36 09 506). This method has the advantage that, due to the previously reduced steam content, relatively little energy is required for drying. However, there is a risk with this method that the resin solution mixes insufficiently with the wood fibers and undesirable pre-compression occurs, which can cause problems in the further processing of the glued wood fibers after drying. Poor mixing of the wood fibers with the resin creates resin drops, which form glue nests in the finished board. These lead to undesirable optical and technical quality reductions. These disadvantages of the known method are particularly serious if relatively large amounts of resin are to be used based on the amount of wood fiber, as is provided for example in EP-B-0 081 147. Another disadvantage is that with the large amounts of resin according to EP-B-0 081 147, the line designated 28 in the figure of DE-A-36 09 506 would clog with resin and fiber particles.

Ausgehend von dem aufgezeigten Stand der Technik ist es deshalb Aufgabe der Erfindung, ein Verfahren anzugeben, welches selbst bei Zugabe von großen Mengen an Harz, bezogen auf die Menge der Faserteilchen, ein gleichmäßiges Vermischen der Faserteilchen mit dem Harz gewährleistet und bei dem die Gefahr einer Verstopfung des Trockenrohres durch miteinander verklebte Faserteilchen und daraus resultierender Selbstentzündung nicht mehr vorhanden ist. Gleichzeitig soll es einen kostengünstigen Transport der Faserteilchen gestatten, d.h. mit geringem apparativen Aufwand durchführbar sein, und mit einem verhältnismäßig geringen Energieaufwand auskommen, wobei trotz der großen Menge an zugesetztem Harz nur geringe Dampfmengen erforderlich werden. Die Kombination aller dieser vorteilhaften Eigenschaften wurde bisher von keinem Verfahren erreicht.Starting from the prior art shown, it is therefore an object of the invention to provide a method which, even when large amounts of resin are added, based on the amount of fiber particles, ensures uniform mixing of the fiber particles with the resin and in which there is a risk of Blockage of the drying tube due to fiber particles glued together and resulting self-ignition is no longer present. At the same time, it should allow inexpensive transport of the fiber particles, ie be able to be carried out with little expenditure on equipment, and use a relatively small amount of energy, although in spite of the large amount of resin added, only small amounts of steam are required. The combination of all these advantageous properties has never been achieved by any method.

Diese Aufgabe wird erfindungsgemäß durch das Verfahren mit den in Anspruch 1 genannten Merkmalen gelöst. Die abhängigen Ansprüche geben zweckmäßige Weiterbildungen des Verfahrens an. Gegenstand der Erfindung ist ferner eine dekorative Platte, umfassend eine Kernschicht und eine ein- oder beidseitige dekorative Schicht, bei der die Kernschicht aus den nach Anspruch 1 hergestellten Faserteilchen besteht. Die Platte ist ein flächenhafter Körper, dessen Oberflächenform und Oberflächenstruktur dem Anwendungszweck angepaßt ist und der z.B. auch gebogene Form aufweisen kann. Vorzugsweise ist die Platte ein Körper mit im wesentlichen ebener Fläche. Ihre Dicke liegt insbesondere im Bereich von 0,5 bis 30 mm. Platten dieser Art sind insbesondere in der EP-B-0 081 147 beschrieben. Die erfindungsgemäße Platte hat zweckmäßigerweise eine kratzfeste Oberfläche wie in EP-A-0 166 153 und EP-A-0 216 269 beschrieben.This object is achieved according to the invention by the method with the features mentioned in claim 1. The dependent claims indicate expedient developments of the method. The invention further relates to a decorative plate comprising a core layer and a decorative layer on one or both sides, in which the core layer consists of the fiber particles produced according to claim 1. The plate is a flat body, the surface shape and surface structure of which is adapted to the application and which e.g. can also have a curved shape. The plate is preferably a body with a substantially flat surface. Their thickness is in particular in the range from 0.5 to 30 mm. Plates of this type are described in particular in EP-B-0 081 147. The plate according to the invention expediently has a scratch-resistant surface as described in EP-A-0 166 153 and EP-A-0 216 269.

Unter zerfasertem Zellulosematerial sind insbesondere faserförmige Holzpartikel zu verstehen. Sie werden aus Holzarten hergestellt, die eine Zerfaserung erlauben, z.B. aus Nadelholz, wie Fichten- oder Kiefernholz, oder Laubholz, wie Kastanien- oder Buchenholz. Weiterhin können zusätzlich zu den Holzfasern Zellulosefasern und industrielle Holz-, Papier- und Zelluloseabfälle, z.B. auch Holzmehl oder Holzschliff, verwendet werden; ebenso sind Abfälle aus holzverarbeitenden Werkstätten geeignet. Es ist auch möglich, einen Teil der Holzfasern, der Zellulosefasern bzw. der Holzabfälle, vorzugsweise bis zu 20 Gew.-%, durch Kunststoffabfälle, z.B. in Form von Fasern oder Granulat, zu ersetzen. Das Holz wird gewaschen, um Metall-, Stein- oder Sandspuren zu entfernen, danach in einer Mühle zu Holzschnitzeln zerkleinert.Fibrous cellulose material is to be understood in particular as fibrous wood particles. You will be out Produced wood types that allow defibering, for example from softwood, such as spruce or pine, or hardwood, such as chestnut or beech wood. In addition to the wood fibers, cellulose fibers and industrial wood, paper and cellulose waste, for example also wood flour or wood pulp, can be used; Waste from woodworking workshops is also suitable. It is also possible to replace part of the wood fibers, cellulose fibers or wood waste, preferably up to 20% by weight, with plastic waste, for example in the form of fibers or granules. The wood is washed to remove traces of metal, stone or sand, then crushed into wood chips in a mill.

Die Holzschnitzel werden in einem Digestor (Dampfkessel) mit Wasserdampf unter Wasserdampfdruck von 1 bis 10 bar in wenigen Minuten erweicht und anschließend, z.B. zwischen zwei Mahlscheiben in einem Raffineur, zu Holzfasern zerkleinert.The wood chips are softened in a digestor (steam boiler) with water vapor under steam pressure of 1 to 10 bar in a few minutes and then, e.g. between two grinding disks in a refiner, chopped into wood fibers.

Die auf diese Weise aufgeschlossenen Holzfasern haben eine Länge von 0,3 bis 20 mm, eine mittlere Länge von 0,5 bis 3 mm und einen mittleren Durchmesser von 0,025 bis 0,05 mm. Der Durchmesserbereich liegt zwischen 0,01 und 1 mm, in Abhängigkeit des verwendeten Rohholzes und der Zerfaserungsbedingungen. Länge und Durchmesser der verwendeten Zellulosefasern liegen in dem gleichen Dimensionsbereich.The wood fibers thus digested have a length of 0.3 to 20 mm, an average length of 0.5 to 3 mm and an average diameter of 0.025 to 0.05 mm. The diameter range is between 0.01 and 1 mm, depending on the raw wood used and the defibration conditions. The length and diameter of the cellulose fibers used are in the same dimensional range.

Die aus der Zerfaserungsmaschine austretenden Faser­teilchen werden in heißem Wasserdampfstrom in einer Blasanlage unter erhöhtem Druck, vorzugsweise bei 2 bis 10 bar, insbesondere 4 bis 6 bar, in turbulenter Strömung weitertransportiert.The fiber particles emerging from the fiberizing machine are blown in a hot steam stream in a blowing system transported under increased pressure, preferably at 2 to 10 bar, in particular 4 to 6 bar, in turbulent flow.

Die Zugabe des hitzehärtbaren Harzes erfolgt in wäßriger, vorzugsweise alkalischer Lösung, welche in die Blasanlage eingesprüht wird. Durch die turbulente Strömung, hervorgerufen durch eine entsprechend kleine Dimensionierung des Blasrohres ("blow line") und eine angelegte Druckdifferenz über die Länge des Blasrohres, findet eine optimale Mischung zwischen Harz und Faser­teilchen statt, selbst bei sehr großen Mengen an Harz, welche 200 bis 1 000 g, insbesondere 300 bis 600 g, je 1 000 g Trockenfasern betragen können. Das hitzehärt­bare Harz ist vorzugsweise ein Phenol-Formaldehyd-Harz, wie es zur Herstellung von dekorativen Bauplatten (EP-B-0 081 147) üblich ist.The thermosetting resin is added in an aqueous, preferably alkaline solution, which is sprayed into the blowing system. Due to the turbulent flow, caused by a correspondingly small dimensioning of the blow pipe ("blow line") and an applied pressure difference over the length of the blow pipe, there is an optimal mixture between resin and fiber particles, even with very large amounts of resin, which are 200 to 1,000 g, in particular 300 to 600 g, can be 1,000 g of dry fibers. The thermosetting resin is preferably a phenol-formaldehyde resin, as is customary for the production of decorative building boards (EP-B-0 081 147).

Es hat sich als besonders vorteilhaft erwiesen, die Blasanlage im Bereich nach der Harzzugabe vorzugsweise bis zur Abtrennung vom Wasserdampf von außen zu kühlen, so daß sich eine dünne Schicht aus Kondenswasser auf der Innenwand der Blasanlage abscheidet. Hierzu reicht es aus, wenn die Temperatur der Wandung der Blasanlage um wenige Grad abgesenkt wird, als zweckmäßig hat sich eine Temperaturabsenkung um 5 bis 20°C erwiesen. Damit wird das Anhaften der beharzten Faserteilchen an der Innenwand der Blasanlage wirksam verhindert.It has proven to be particularly advantageous to cool the blowing system in the area after the addition of resin, preferably until it is separated from the water vapor from the outside, so that a thin layer of condensed water is deposited on the inner wall of the blowing system. To do this, it is sufficient if the temperature of the wall of the blowing system is reduced by a few degrees; a temperature reduction of 5 to 20 ° C. has proven to be expedient. This effectively prevents the resinous fiber particles from adhering to the inner wall of the blowing system.

Das Gemisch aus Wasserdampf und beharzten Faserteilchen wird von der Blasanlage zu einer Einheit geführt, wo die beharzten Faserteilchen vom Wasserdampf entfernt werden. In dieser Stufe wird der Wasserdampf vor­zugsweise vollständig abgetrennt. Die Faserteilchen besitzen danach noch einen Wassergehalt von 15 bis 35 Gew.-%, insbesondere 18 bis 25 Gew.-%. Diese Stufe wird vorteilhafterweise in einem Zyklonenseparator bei Atmosphärendruck, insbesondere ohne Energiezufuhr, durchgeführt, jedoch sind prinzipiell auch andere Einrichtungen geeignet, mit denen Systeme aus Feststoffteilchen, wie z.B. Staub, und Gase voneinander getrennt werden können. Solche Einrichtungen sind beispielsweise Vorrichtungen, die nach dem Prinzip der Schwerkraft oder Zentrifugalkraft arbeiten und/oder aus Filtern oder mechanischen Separatoren aufgebaut sind (vgl. Perry's Chemical Engineers' Handbook, 6th ed. (1985), McGraw-Hill Book Company, "DUST-COLLECTOR DE­SIGN", 20-81 bis 20-89). Der abgetrennte Wasserdampf wird aus Gründen der Energieersparnis wieder in den Verfahrensablauf eingeführt und zweckmäßigerweise zur Erwärmung und zum Einweichen der noch zu zerfasernden Holzschnitzel verwendet. Auch überschüssiges härtbares Harz kann zusammen mit dem Wasserdampf abgetrennt wer­den und einer erneuten Verwendung zugeführt werden.The mixture of water vapor and resinous fiber particles is led from the blowing system to a unit, where the resinous fiber particles are removed from the water vapor. In this stage, the water vapor is preferably completely separated off. The fiber particles then still have a water content of 15 to 35% by weight, in particular 18 to 25% by weight. This stage is advantageously carried out in a cyclone separator at atmospheric pressure, in particular without energy supply, but in principle other devices are also suitable with which systems made of solid particles, such as dust, and gases can be separated from one another. Such devices are, for example, devices that work on the principle of gravity or centrifugal force and / or are constructed from filters or mechanical separators (cf. Perry's Chemical Engineers' Handbook, 6th ed. (1985), McGraw-Hill Book Company, "DUST- COLLECTOR DESIGN ", 20-81 to 20-89). The separated water vapor is reintroduced into the process sequence in order to save energy and is expediently used for heating and soaking the wood chips still to be defibrated. Excess hardenable resin can also be separated off together with the water vapor and used again.

In der nachfolgenden Trockenstufe wird der Endfeuchtig­keitsgehalt von kleiner als 12 Gew.-%, insbesondere 3 bis 10 Gew.-%, erreicht. Hierzu werden die Fa­serteilchen zweckmäßigerweise durch ein mit Warmluft beheiztes Trockenrohr geblasen, wobei sie durch den Luftstrom fein verteilt werden. Die Warmluft weist vor­zugsweise eine Temperatur von 60 bis 110°C auf. Die ge­trockneten Fasern verlassen die Trockenstufe beispielsweise über einen weiteren Zyklonenseparator oder eine ähnliche Einrichtung und werden der Weiterverarbeitung zugeführt, insbesondere zur Herstellung von dekorativen Bauplatten, wie sie beispielsweise in der EP-B-0 081 147 beschrieben sind.In the subsequent drying stage, the final moisture content of less than 12% by weight, in particular 3 to 10% by weight, is reached. For this purpose, the fiber particles are expediently blown through a drying tube heated with warm air, and are finely distributed by the air flow. The warm air preferably has a temperature of 60 to 110 ° C. The dried fibers leave the drying stage, for example, via a further cyclone separator or a similar device and are passed on for further processing, in particular for the production of decorative building boards, as described, for example, in EP-B-0 081 147.

Das Verfahren zeigt in überraschender Weise eine Kombi­nation von Vorteilen. So wird die Anwesenheit von Wasserdampf im Trockner weitgehend verhindert, wodurch der Energiebedarf relativ niedrig ist. Auch die Brandgefahr ist deutlich verringert. Weder in der Blas­anlage noch im Trockner besteht die Gefahr, daß sie durch anhaftendes Material in ihrer Funktion gestört werden. Das Verfahren benötigt keinen großen apparati­ven Aufwand, zusätzliche Einheiten zum Mischen und/oder Fördern der Faserteilchen sind nicht erforderlich. Die nach der Trockenstufe erhaltenen Fasern sind nicht agglomeriert, so daß sie sich problemlos zu verpreßbaren Fasermatten formen lassen.The method surprisingly shows a combination of advantages. This largely prevents the presence of water vapor in the dryer, which means that the energy requirement is relatively low. The risk of fire is also significantly reduced. There is no danger in the blowing system or in the dryer that their function will be disturbed by adhering material. The method does not require a great deal of equipment, and additional units for mixing and / or conveying the fiber particles are not required. The fibers obtained after the drying stage are not agglomerated, so that they can be easily formed into compressible fiber mats.

Die Erfindung wird durch das nachfolgende Beispiel und die Figur näher erläutert. Die Figur zeigt schematisch den Verfahrensablauf.The invention is illustrated by the following example and the figure. The figure schematically shows the process flow.

Beispielexample

In einen Behälter 1 werden kontinuierlich Holzhack­schnitzel mit etwa gleicher Gewichtsmenge an Wasser zugeführt und im Kessel 2 mit Heißwasserdampf behandelt. Nach einer Verweilzeit von wenigen Minuten werden die erweichten Hackschnitzel zu einem Raffineur 3 weitertransportiert, wo sie zwischen zwei Mahlscheiben zu Holzfasern zer­kleinert werden. Die Holzfasern werden mit Heißwasserdampf in einer Blasanlage 4 weitergeleitet, in welche hitzehärtbares Phenol-Formaldehyd-Harz in wäßriger alkalischer Lösung über den Harzinjektor 5 eingesprüht werden. Im nachfolgenden Teil wird die Blasanlage 4 von außen mit Wasser (Kühlungsmantel 6) gekühlt. Die erhaltene Mischung aus Wasserdampf und beharzten Holzfasern gelangt danach in einen Zyklonen­separator 7 unter Atmosphärendruck. Hier wird der Wasserdampf entfernt und über die Leitung 8 zum Hackschnitzelbehälter 1 zur Erhitzung der Holzteilchen zurückgeführt. Die mit Harz beschichteten bzw. impräg­nierten Holzfasern werden zur restlichen Trocknung durch eine Zellenschleuse 9 in ein Trockenrohr 10 ge­leitet, welches sie mit einer Restfeuchte von 7 Gew.-% verlassen. Durch die Trocknerluft werden die Holzfasern in einen Zyklonenseparator 11 weitergefördert und über eine Zellenschleuse zu einer Formungssstation 12 trans­portiert, wo sie auf ein Band abgelagert und zu einer Fasermatte vorverdichtet werden.Wood chips with approximately the same weight of water are continuously fed into a container 1 and treated in the boiler 2 with hot steam. After a dwell time of a few minutes, the softened wood chips are transported on to a refiner 3, where they are shredded into wood fibers between two grinding disks. The wood fibers are passed on with hot water steam in a blowing system 4, into which thermosetting phenol-formaldehyde resin in aqueous alkaline solution is sprayed via the resin injector 5. In the following part, the blowing system 4 is cooled from the outside with water (cooling jacket 6). The mixture of water vapor and resinous wood fibers obtained then passes into a cyclone separator 7 under atmospheric pressure. Here the water vapor is removed and returned via line 8 to the wood chips container 1 for heating the wood particles. The wood fibers coated or impregnated with resin are passed for the remaining drying through a cell lock 9 into a drying tube 10, which they leave with a residual moisture content of 7% by weight. The wood fibers are conveyed through the dryer air into a cyclone separator 11 and transported via a cell lock to a forming station 12, where they are deposited on a belt and pre-compressed into a fiber mat.

Claims (10)

1. Verfahren zur Herstellung von zerfasertem Zellulosematerial, vorzugsweise Holzfasern, insbeson­dere bis zu einer Faserlänge von 20 mm, welches mit einem hohen Anteil an hitzehärtbarem Harz versehen und insbesondere zur Herstellung von faserhaltigen Form­teilen geeignet ist, wobei das hitzehärtbare Harz in wäßriger, vorzugsweise alkalischer Lösung zu einer Mischung aus Faserteilchen und Wasserdampf hinzugefügt wird und Wasserdampf von den beharzten Faserteilchen in einem Trockner entfernt wird, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß aus der Mischung von Wasserdampf und Faserteilchen nach der Harzzugabe der Wasserdampf entfernt wird und die Faserteilchen anschließend in einer Trockenstufe auf einen Feuchtigkeitsgehalt von kleiner als 12 Gew.-%, insbesondere 3 bis 10 Gew.-%, getrocknet werden.1. A process for the production of shredded cellulose material, preferably wood fibers, in particular up to a fiber length of 20 mm, which is provided with a high proportion of thermosetting resin and is particularly suitable for the production of fiber-containing moldings, the thermosetting resin in an aqueous, preferably alkaline solution is added to a mixture of fiber particles and water vapor and water vapor is removed from the resin-coated fiber particles in a dryer, characterized in that the water vapor is removed from the mixture of water vapor and fiber particles after the addition of resin and the fiber particles are then dried to a moisture content of less than 12 wt .-%, in particular 3 to 10 wt .-%, are dried. 2. Verfahren nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Entfernung des Wasserdampfs mit einem Zyklonenseparator erfolgt, vorzugsweise ohne Energiezufuhr.2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that the removal of the water vapor is carried out with a cyclone separator, preferably without the supply of energy. 3. Verfahren nach Anspruch 1 oder 2, dadurch gekenn­zeichnet, daß die Trockenstufe mit Warmluft erfolgt, vorzugsweise bei einer Temperatur von 60 bis 110°C.3. The method according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the drying stage is carried out with warm air, preferably at a temperature of 60 to 110 ° C. 4. Verfahren nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 3, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß das hitzehärtbare Harz in wäßriger Lösung auf die in einem Wasserdampfstrom geführten Faserteilchen aufgebracht wird, die Mischung aus beharzten Faserteilchen durch ein von außen gekühltes Rohr trans­portiert wird, danach der Wasserdampf völlig entfernt wird und anschließend die Trockenstufe durchgeführt wird.4. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the thermosetting resin is applied in aqueous solution to the fiber particles guided in a water vapor stream, the mixture of resinous Fiber particles are transported through an externally cooled tube, then the water vapor is completely removed and then the drying stage is carried out. 5. Verfahren nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 4, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß der Wasserdampfstrom mit den Faserteilchen unter erhöhtem Druck, vorzugsweise von 2 bis 10 bar, insbesondere 4 bis 6 bar, in tur­bulenter Strömung gefördert wird.5. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that the water vapor flow with the fiber particles under increased pressure, preferably from 2 to 10 bar, in particular 4 to 6 bar, is promoted in turbulent flow. 6. Verfahren nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 5, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die zugefügte Harzmenge (Trockengewicht) 200 bis 1 000 g, vorzugsweise 300 bis 600 g, je 1 000 g Faserteilchen (Trockengewicht) beträgt.6. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that the amount of resin added (dry weight) is 200 to 1,000 g, preferably 300 to 600 g, each 1,000 g of fiber particles (dry weight). 7. Verfahren nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 6, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß der abgetrennte Wasserdampf zur Erwärmung der noch zu zerfasernden Holzschnitzel eingesetzt wird.7. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that the separated steam is used to heat the wood chips still to be defibrated. 8. Verfahren nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 7, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Faserteilchen nach der Trockenstufe von der Trockenluft abgetrennt werden, vorzugsweise in einem weiteren Zyklonenseparator.8. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that the fiber particles are separated from the dry air after the drying stage, preferably in a further cyclone separator. 9. Verfahren nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 8, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß zur Zerfaserung des Zellu­losematerials Zelluloseteilchen, insbesondere Holzschnitzel, unter Dampfdruck bis auf eine maximale Faserlänge von 20 mm zerkleinert werden, daß die erhaltenen Faserteilchen in Mischung mit Wasserdampf unter erhöhtem Druck, vorzugs­weise bei 2 bis 10 bar, insbesondere 4 bis 6 bar, in einer Blasanlage weitertransportiert werden und daß die wäßrige Harzlösung in die Blasanlage eingesprüht wird.9. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that for the pulping of the cellulose material cellulose particles, in particular wood chips, are crushed under steam pressure to a maximum fiber length of 20 mm that the fiber particles obtained in Mixture with water vapor under increased pressure, preferably at 2 to 10 bar, in particular 4 to 6 bar, to be transported further in a blowing system and that the aqueous resin solution is sprayed into the blowing system. 10. Dekorative Platte, umfassend eine Kernschicht und ein- oder beidseitig dekorative Oberflächenschichten, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Kernschicht aus den nach Anspruch 1 hergestellten Holzfasern besteht, welche mit einem hitzehärtbaren Kunstharz in der Hitze verpreßt sind.10. Decorative plate, comprising a core layer and one or both sides decorative surface layers, characterized in that the core layer consists of the wood fibers produced according to claim 1, which are pressed with a heat-curable synthetic resin in the heat.
EP88113246A 1987-08-22 1988-08-16 Method of preparing a defibrated cellulosic meterial, in particular wood fibres, for the production of fibre boards Revoked EP0304764B1 (en)

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AT88113246T ATE86166T1 (en) 1987-08-22 1988-08-16 PROCESS FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF FIBERIZED CELLULOSIC MATERIAL, ESPECIALLY WOOD FIBERS, FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF FIBER BOARDS.

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DE3728123 1987-08-22
DE19873728123 DE3728123A1 (en) 1987-08-22 1987-08-22 METHOD FOR THE PRODUCTION OF FRINGED CELLULOSE MATERIAL, IN PARTICULAR WOOD FIBERS, FOR THE PRODUCTION OF FIBER PANELS

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EP0304764A3 EP0304764A3 (en) 1989-11-29
EP0304764B1 EP0304764B1 (en) 1993-03-03

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DE19515734A1 (en) * 1995-05-03 1996-11-07 Schenkmann & Piel Verfahrenste Process for the production of wood fibers

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US5432000A (en) 1989-03-20 1995-07-11 Weyerhaeuser Company Binder coated discontinuous fibers with adhered particulate materials
US5230959A (en) 1989-03-20 1993-07-27 Weyerhaeuser Company Coated fiber product with adhered super absorbent particles
US5498478A (en) 1989-03-20 1996-03-12 Weyerhaeuser Company Polyethylene glycol as a binder material for fibers
AU665532B2 (en) * 1991-04-26 1996-01-11 Enviroflex Pty. Ltd. Insulation pellets and a process for producing same
CA2126240A1 (en) 1991-12-17 1993-06-24 Paul Gaddis Hopper blender system and method for coating fibers
DE19746383A1 (en) * 1997-10-21 1999-04-22 Hofa Homann Gmbh & Co Kg Fiber panel, manufacturing plant and process
IE990100A1 (en) 1998-10-30 2000-05-03 Masonite Corp Method of making molded Composite articles
DE10037983B4 (en) * 2000-08-03 2006-04-13 Stefan Zikeli Polymer composition and molded articles containing it containing alkaloid
US7410687B2 (en) * 2004-06-08 2008-08-12 Trex Co Inc Variegated composites and related methods of manufacture
DE102004062649C5 (en) 2004-12-21 2013-06-06 Kronotec Ag Process for the production of a wood fiber insulation board or mats and wood fiber insulation boards or mats produced by this process
WO2006092603A1 (en) * 2005-03-02 2006-09-08 University Of Wales, Bangor Treatment of long fibres in a high pressure gas stream
DE102008026677B3 (en) * 2008-06-04 2009-10-22 Kronotec Ag Drying lignocellulose fibers, for fiberboard production, has a separator to detach fibers from a steam flow for drying with recovered steam for heating the wood chip start material
DE102008056650A1 (en) * 2008-11-10 2010-05-12 Martin Dreisman Composition and method of making a wood or fiberboard
AT509429B1 (en) * 2010-01-20 2016-09-15 Erema METHOD FOR PRODUCING A POLYMERIC MATERIAL FILLED WITH LONGER FIBERS
IT1399772B1 (en) 2010-04-30 2013-05-03 Imal Srl APPARATUS FOR THE INJECTION OF CHEMICAL COMPONENTS IN A FLOW OF NON-INCORRENT WOODEN MATERIAL
UA114281C2 (en) * 2010-10-01 2017-05-25 Кроноплас Текнікел Аг Method and apparatus for gluing wood particles
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DK465988A (en) 1989-02-23
DE3878785D1 (en) 1993-04-08
ATE86166T1 (en) 1993-03-15
NO883735L (en) 1989-02-23
FI883833A0 (en) 1988-08-18
FI883833A (en) 1989-02-23
EP0304764B1 (en) 1993-03-03
JPS6471704A (en) 1989-03-16
DE3728123A1 (en) 1989-03-02
US4937100A (en) 1990-06-26
AU2107488A (en) 1989-02-23
NO170465C (en) 1992-10-21
NO883735D0 (en) 1988-08-19
DK465988D0 (en) 1988-08-19
AU601868B2 (en) 1990-09-20
EP0304764A3 (en) 1989-11-29
CA1295441C (en) 1992-02-11
NO170465B (en) 1992-07-13
DK167428B1 (en) 1993-11-01

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