EP0303493A1 - Wärmeaustauschfläche - Google Patents

Wärmeaustauschfläche Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0303493A1
EP0303493A1 EP88307468A EP88307468A EP0303493A1 EP 0303493 A1 EP0303493 A1 EP 0303493A1 EP 88307468 A EP88307468 A EP 88307468A EP 88307468 A EP88307468 A EP 88307468A EP 0303493 A1 EP0303493 A1 EP 0303493A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
heat transfer
coating
metal
plastics
particles
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP88307468A
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
Ralph Geoffrey Scurlock
Carlo Beduz
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
BOC Group Ltd
Original Assignee
BOC Group Ltd
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by BOC Group Ltd filed Critical BOC Group Ltd
Publication of EP0303493A1 publication Critical patent/EP0303493A1/de
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28F—DETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
    • F28F13/00—Arrangements for modifying heat-transfer, e.g. increasing, decreasing
    • F28F13/18—Arrangements for modifying heat-transfer, e.g. increasing, decreasing by applying coatings, e.g. radiation-absorbing, radiation-reflecting; by surface treatment, e.g. polishing
    • F28F13/185—Heat-exchange surfaces provided with microstructures or with porous coatings
    • F28F13/187—Heat-exchange surfaces provided with microstructures or with porous coatings especially adapted for evaporator surfaces or condenser surfaces, e.g. with nucleation sites
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
    • C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
    • C23C4/00—Coating by spraying the coating material in the molten state, e.g. by flame, plasma or electric discharge
    • C23C4/04—Coating by spraying the coating material in the molten state, e.g. by flame, plasma or electric discharge characterised by the coating material
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
    • C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
    • C23C4/00—Coating by spraying the coating material in the molten state, e.g. by flame, plasma or electric discharge
    • C23C4/18—After-treatment

Definitions

  • This invention relates to heat transfer surfaces and to methods for making such surfaces.
  • the temperature difference between the boiling liquid and the heat transfer surface employed to heat the liquid is defined by the quantity Q/h A where Q/A is the heat flux, that is the heat absorbed in boiling the liquefied gas, A is the nominal surface area of the surface at which the liquefied gas is boiled, and h is a quantity known as the boiling heat transfer coefficient. Accordingly for given values of Q and A, the temperature difference decreases with increasing boiling heat transfer coefficient.
  • a heat transfer member for boiling a liquefied gas having a heat transfer surface comprising a multiplicity of open pores, wherein said surface is formed by spraying a particulate mixture of metal and plastics materials onto a surface of a thermally conductive substrate to form a coating comprising particles of plastics embedded in metal on the said surface, and heating the thus formed coating to volatise or otherwise remove the plastics material and thereby form the pores in the coating.
  • the invention also provides a method of making a heat transfer surface for boiling a liquefied gas comprising spraying a particulate mixture of metal and plastics material onto a surface of a thermally conductive substrate to form a coating comprising particles of plastics embedded in metal on the said surface, and heating the coating to volatise or otherwise remove the plastics material and thereby form the pores in the coating.
  • the percentage porosity of the coating depends on the mass ratio of plastics powder to metal powder.
  • the average size of the pores depends largely on the average size of the plastics particles. Accordingly the invention enables the porosity to be varied independently of the average pore size and thus enables there to be prepared a heat transfer surface specially tailored to the properties of the liquefied gas being boiled.
  • the plastics particles can have an average size in the range 15 to 150 microns.
  • the mass ratio of metal particles to plastic particles in the mixture that is sprayed onto the surface of the substrate has a ratio in the range of 4 : 1 to 1 : 1.
  • the coating may typically have a porosity of from about 20 to 50%. In conducting the spraying operation it needs to be taken into account that the metal will have a higher specific gravity than the plastics, and that some of the plastics will typically be lost during spraying. For example, spraying a surface with a mixture of aluminium and plastics having a mass ratio of 1:1 will typically produce a coating having about 55% porosity.
  • the average size of the metal particles is not critical to the invention and may be lower or higher than the average size of the plastics particles.
  • the thickness of the coating is not critical to the invention. In our experiments, we have prepared coatings comprising a single porous layer 5, 10 and 15 thousands of an inch in depth, and coatings comprising two such porous layers, one layer having a different average pore size from the other.
  • the plastics and metal particles may each have a regular or irregular geometry but their flow properties must allow their use in a spray coating process.
  • Heat transfer members according to the invention typically have surfaces that comprise a network of open, re-entrant pores or cavities having an average size in the range 15 to 150 microns (and more typically a size in the range 15 to 50 microns).
  • the mixture of plastics and metal is preferably sprayed onto the substrate by plasma spraying.
  • flame spraying may be employed.
  • the spraying process may be controlled so as to give the axes of the pores any desired orientation, although typically each pore has an axis perpendicular to the surface of the substrate.
  • the mixture comprises separate particles of plastics and metals, although if desired the mixture may comprise composite particles of plastics and metal.
  • the metal may have the same or a different composition from that of the substrate.
  • the metal comprises aluminium or copper or an alloy based on aluminium or copper. It is possible to select the plastics particles from a wide range of different plastics materials, but in our experiments we have used polyester particles.
  • the structure is heated to volatilise the plastics.
  • the temperature used needs to be sufficient cleanly to remove the platics material, that is to volatalise it without leaving any carbonaceous or other deposit.
  • a temperature in the range 500 to 600°C is preferably employed to effect volatalisation of the deposited polyester.
  • the substrate is preferably a metal plate which may be employed as a heat transfer surface in a liquefied gas boiler particularly a condenser-reboiler for use in the double column of an air separation plant.
  • the heat exchange member comprises a plate 2 of heat conductive metal usually alluminium or copper.
  • the plate 2 bears a layer 4, typically having a thickness in the range 0.1mm to 1.0mm of porous metal, which is typically of the same composition as the plate 2.
  • a layer 4 typically having a thickness in the range 0.1mm to 1.0mm of porous metal, which is typically of the same composition as the plate 2.
  • the inner layer 6 has a smaller average pore size than the outer layer 8, although if desired, this difference in the average pore size may be reversed.
  • an aluminium plate 50 mm by 50 mm was provided with a porous aluminium-silicon coating by the following procedure.
  • the surface was first cleaned by shot-blasting.
  • the surface was then plasma sprayed with a proprietary blend of silicon-aluminium alloy and polyester powder (Metco 601 NS).
  • the plasma was formed by supplying to the spraying chamber argon at a pressure of 100 psig and hydrogen at a pressure of 50 psig. Spray rates in the range 5 pounds to 7 pounds per hour of the mixture of plastics powder and metal powder were employed. Continuous matrices of aluminium with dispersed particles of polyester were formed on the surface of the aluminium samples.
  • polyester was then driven off by heating in a vacuum for two hours at a temperature in the order of 540°C.
  • This left surfaces on each sample comprising a network of open re-entrant pores having axes generally disposed at right-angles to the surface of the substrate.
  • Figure 5 shows the coated surface at a magnification of 500 times actual size
  • Figure 6 shows the surface at a magnification of 5000 times actual size.

Landscapes

  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Plasma & Fusion (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Metallurgy (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Crystallography & Structural Chemistry (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Coating By Spraying Or Casting (AREA)
  • Application Of Or Painting With Fluid Materials (AREA)
EP88307468A 1987-08-14 1988-08-11 Wärmeaustauschfläche Withdrawn EP0303493A1 (de)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
GB878719350A GB8719350D0 (en) 1987-08-14 1987-08-14 Heat transfer surface
GB8719350 1987-08-14

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0303493A1 true EP0303493A1 (de) 1989-02-15

Family

ID=10622347

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP88307468A Withdrawn EP0303493A1 (de) 1987-08-14 1988-08-11 Wärmeaustauschfläche

Country Status (5)

Country Link
EP (1) EP0303493A1 (de)
JP (1) JPH01222198A (de)
AU (1) AU613070B2 (de)
GB (1) GB8719350D0 (de)
ZA (1) ZA885746B (de)

Cited By (11)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR2656002A1 (fr) * 1989-12-18 1991-06-21 Carrier Corp Procede de fabrication d'une surface de transfert thermique a haute efficacite et surface ainsi fabriquee.
GB2241249A (en) * 1990-02-10 1991-08-28 Star Refrigeration Heat transfer surface
EP0679462A1 (de) * 1993-04-22 1995-11-02 FREIBERGER NE-METALL GmbH Giessform für die Herstellung von Elektrodengittern für Bleiakkumulatoren
DE19523208A1 (de) * 1995-06-27 1997-01-02 Behr Gmbh & Co Wärmeübertrager, insbesondere Verdampfer für eine Kraftfahrzeug-Klimaanlage
EP0897019A1 (de) * 1997-07-18 1999-02-17 FINMECCANICA S.p.A. AZIENDA ANSALDO Verfahren und Vorrichtung zur Herstellung von porösen keramischen Beschichtungen, insbesondere wärmedämmende Beschichtungen, auf metallische Substrate
KR20030048921A (ko) * 2001-12-13 2003-06-25 주식회사 엘지이아이 공기조화기의 열교환기 및 그 제조방법
WO2004109211A1 (en) * 2003-05-30 2004-12-16 Uop Llc Method for making brazed heat exchanger and apparatus
US6916430B1 (en) 1996-10-25 2005-07-12 New Qu Energy Ltd. Superconducting heat transfer medium
FR2865027A1 (fr) 2004-01-12 2005-07-15 Air Liquide Ailette pour echangeur de chaleur et echangeur de chaleur muni de telles ailettes
EP1857764A2 (de) * 2006-05-16 2007-11-21 Deutsches Zentrum für Luft- und Raumfahrt e.V. Wärmeübertragungsvorrichtung und Verfahren zur Herstellung einer Wärmeübertragungsvorrichtung
US8991480B2 (en) 2010-12-15 2015-03-31 Uop Llc Fabrication method for making brazed heat exchanger with enhanced parting sheets

Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3523577A (en) * 1956-08-30 1970-08-11 Union Carbide Corp Heat exchange system
DE2227747A1 (de) * 1971-06-21 1973-01-11 Universal Oil Prod Co Metallkoerper mit poroeser metallauflageschicht und verfahren zu seiner herstellung
US3723165A (en) * 1971-10-04 1973-03-27 Metco Inc Mixed metal and high-temperature plastic flame spray powder and method of flame spraying same
FR2299611A1 (fr) * 1975-01-31 1976-08-27 Gates Rubber Co Element revetu delimitant une surface d'echange de chaleur et son procede de realisation
GB2152079A (en) * 1983-12-27 1985-07-31 United Technologies Corp Porous metal structures made by thermal spraying fugitive material and metal

Patent Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3523577A (en) * 1956-08-30 1970-08-11 Union Carbide Corp Heat exchange system
DE2227747A1 (de) * 1971-06-21 1973-01-11 Universal Oil Prod Co Metallkoerper mit poroeser metallauflageschicht und verfahren zu seiner herstellung
US3723165A (en) * 1971-10-04 1973-03-27 Metco Inc Mixed metal and high-temperature plastic flame spray powder and method of flame spraying same
FR2299611A1 (fr) * 1975-01-31 1976-08-27 Gates Rubber Co Element revetu delimitant une surface d'echange de chaleur et son procede de realisation
GB2152079A (en) * 1983-12-27 1985-07-31 United Technologies Corp Porous metal structures made by thermal spraying fugitive material and metal

Cited By (15)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR2656002A1 (fr) * 1989-12-18 1991-06-21 Carrier Corp Procede de fabrication d'une surface de transfert thermique a haute efficacite et surface ainsi fabriquee.
GB2241249A (en) * 1990-02-10 1991-08-28 Star Refrigeration Heat transfer surface
EP0679462A1 (de) * 1993-04-22 1995-11-02 FREIBERGER NE-METALL GmbH Giessform für die Herstellung von Elektrodengittern für Bleiakkumulatoren
DE19523208A1 (de) * 1995-06-27 1997-01-02 Behr Gmbh & Co Wärmeübertrager, insbesondere Verdampfer für eine Kraftfahrzeug-Klimaanlage
US6916430B1 (en) 1996-10-25 2005-07-12 New Qu Energy Ltd. Superconducting heat transfer medium
EP0897019A1 (de) * 1997-07-18 1999-02-17 FINMECCANICA S.p.A. AZIENDA ANSALDO Verfahren und Vorrichtung zur Herstellung von porösen keramischen Beschichtungen, insbesondere wärmedämmende Beschichtungen, auf metallische Substrate
US6051279A (en) * 1997-07-18 2000-04-18 Finmeccanica S.P.A. Azienda Ansaldo Method and device for forming porous ceramic coatings, in particular thermal barrier coating, on metal substrates
KR20030048921A (ko) * 2001-12-13 2003-06-25 주식회사 엘지이아이 공기조화기의 열교환기 및 그 제조방법
WO2004109211A1 (en) * 2003-05-30 2004-12-16 Uop Llc Method for making brazed heat exchanger and apparatus
JP2006529023A (ja) * 2003-05-30 2006-12-28 ユーオーピー エルエルシー ろう付け熱交換器を製作するための方法及びその装置
US7677300B2 (en) 2003-05-30 2010-03-16 Uop Llc Method for making brazed heat exchanger and apparatus
FR2865027A1 (fr) 2004-01-12 2005-07-15 Air Liquide Ailette pour echangeur de chaleur et echangeur de chaleur muni de telles ailettes
EP1857764A2 (de) * 2006-05-16 2007-11-21 Deutsches Zentrum für Luft- und Raumfahrt e.V. Wärmeübertragungsvorrichtung und Verfahren zur Herstellung einer Wärmeübertragungsvorrichtung
EP1857764A3 (de) * 2006-05-16 2013-02-20 Deutsches Zentrum für Luft- und Raumfahrt e.V. Wärmeübertragungsvorrichtung und Verfahren zur Herstellung einer Wärmeübertragungsvorrichtung
US8991480B2 (en) 2010-12-15 2015-03-31 Uop Llc Fabrication method for making brazed heat exchanger with enhanced parting sheets

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
AU613070B2 (en) 1991-07-25
ZA885746B (en) 1989-04-26
JPH01222198A (ja) 1989-09-05
AU2097288A (en) 1989-02-16
GB8719350D0 (en) 1987-09-23

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