EP0302773B1 - Verfahren zur Feuerbekämpfung und Anwendung dieses Verfahrens - Google Patents

Verfahren zur Feuerbekämpfung und Anwendung dieses Verfahrens Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0302773B1
EP0302773B1 EP88401905A EP88401905A EP0302773B1 EP 0302773 B1 EP0302773 B1 EP 0302773B1 EP 88401905 A EP88401905 A EP 88401905A EP 88401905 A EP88401905 A EP 88401905A EP 0302773 B1 EP0302773 B1 EP 0302773B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
propagative
sites
process according
fire
elements
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Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
EP88401905A
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English (en)
French (fr)
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EP0302773A1 (de
Inventor
Jean Nahmias
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Cerberus Guinard Dite Ste
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Cerberus Guinard Dite Ste
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Application filed by Cerberus Guinard Dite Ste filed Critical Cerberus Guinard Dite Ste
Priority to AT88401905T priority Critical patent/ATE82867T1/de
Publication of EP0302773A1 publication Critical patent/EP0302773A1/de
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0302773B1 publication Critical patent/EP0302773B1/de
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A62—LIFE-SAVING; FIRE-FIGHTING
    • A62C—FIRE-FIGHTING
    • A62C3/00—Fire prevention, containment or extinguishing specially adapted for particular objects or places
    • A62C3/02—Fire prevention, containment or extinguishing specially adapted for particular objects or places for area conflagrations, e.g. forest fires, subterranean fires
    • A62C3/0278—Fire prevention, containment or extinguishing specially adapted for particular objects or places for area conflagrations, e.g. forest fires, subterranean fires by creating zones devoid of flammable material

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a fire-fighting method, for example against forest fires.
  • the means of fighting fires such as, for example, those of forests, are based on two main principles.
  • the first is preventive and consists in establishing in the forest areas in which the fuel favoring the progression of a fire (propagating element) is partially or completely removed (fire stop area).
  • fire stop area a method in which whole bloodletting is carried out in the forest and the trees are also replaced by cane to constitute a vegetation which attenuates the movement of air and stops in their race the flaming projectiles.
  • FR-A-1 209 202 in which whole bloodletting is carried out in the forest and the trees are also replaced by cane to constitute a vegetation which attenuates the movement of air and stops in their race the flaming projectiles.
  • Such a process is based on the principle of firebreaks and therefore requires the destruction of large areas of forest.
  • the second principle consists in fighting by intervening actively on the front of the fire in order to make the vegetation downstream of it not combustible (non-propagating element), by adding water with or without delaying products. This contribution is made by airplanes or motor pumps so that the wet area is as continuous as possible, or even submerged by water.
  • Another drawback of the prior art was mainly to maximize the preventive or control means so as to be sure of stopping the fire.
  • a first object of the invention is to propose a method of fighting against fire making it possible to optimize the means of fighting against fire by applying the theory of percolation.
  • the fire-fighting method consisting, in a given area, in dividing this area into propagative sites in which elements constitute a fuel encouraging the progression of fire and into non-propagative sites in which elements are non-combustible or made non-combustible by means, characterized in that it consists in carrying out a random distribution within the given area of propagative and non-propagative sites so that the number of propagative and non-propagative sites is greater than 150 and that the percentage of non-propagative sites that the fire is likely to encounter is greater than a given threshold less than 100% of the total number of sites.
  • the number of non-propagative sites varies in a range between 25 and 60% of all the sites.
  • the threshold varies in a range between 25 and 60% for forest fires.
  • the threshold is preferably chosen to be 42% to stop a forest fire in the absence of wind.
  • Another object of the invention is to propose a preventive fire fighting method making it possible to optimize and reduce the costs of clearing and creating firebreak zones.
  • the method according to the invention is characterized in that the non-propagative elements consist of non-combustible plants planted in the proportions indicated and according to a random distribution.
  • the means of the method for rendering the elements of a zone non-propagative are constituted by sprinkling heads with humidifying fluid jets, arranged so that the area sprayed is greater than the given threshold.
  • the means of the method for making the elements of an area non-propagative consist of transportable bombs or containers, projected or dropped.
  • the humidifying fluid may contain retardants.
  • the elements rendered non-propagative are elements of building construction.
  • Figure 1 shows the use of percolation theory in a fire fighting process.
  • a propagative phenomenon such as fire cannot develop in an environment where the proportion of inactive or non-propagative sites compared to active or propagative sites is greater than or equal to a number which it is agreed to call threshold percolation.
  • a combustible site such as a forest is divided into three zones, a first zone comprising exclusively combustible sites (11), a second zone (2) of width (L) comprising a random distribution of combustible sites (21) and non-combustible sites (20) (sites represented by hatching), and the proportion of which is greater than the percolation threshold.
  • a third zone (3) is constituted as the first by exclusively combustible sites (31). It has been observed that a fire propagating in the direction of the arrows (A) propagates in the zone (1) and is stopped at the level of the zone (2) when the proportion of non-propagative sites (20) relative to the propagative sites (21) exceeds a certain percentage. In this case, the fire does not spread inside the zone (3) and the fire stops in the zone (2).
  • a threshold between 25 and 60% for forest fires, we can either slow down or stop the fire, depending on the wind conditions and the chosen threshold. .
  • a threshold Preferably, when we want to stop a forest fire, in the absence of wind, we will choose a threshold equal to 42%.
  • a number of propagative and non-propagative sites greater than 150 and the number of propagative sites must represent a range of 25 to 60% of all the sites , which may represent an area or equivalent volume of the order of 25 to 60% of the area or total volume of the area considered.
  • Non-propagative sites will preferably consist of either non-combustible plants planted singly or in thickets among existing natural vegetation. These plants will be chosen from non-combustible species that are known or that can be developed later.
  • Another means of rendering the elements of a site non-propagative can consist of implanting nozzles or fixed mouths producing jets of fluid such as water or foam and which may contain retardants. These hydrating elements or nozzles are put into operation on manual or automatic control when approaching the fire and their distribution is such that the zones watered by these elements and made non-propagative correspond to the deceleration threshold or the threshold for stopping the fire indicated above. In known manner, an automatic control coming from a fire detection device can control these nozzles.
  • the method of the invention can also be used for fighting fires in buildings so as to optimize the number of nozzles and detection elements, this on the one hand to reduce the costs of installation and on the other hand to limit the damage due to the flooding of the premises.
  • the above principle allowing the combination of combustible zones and non-combustible zones can be advantageously used in the construction of houses to limit the quantity of non-combustible materials. This is to reduce construction costs, without reducing safety and prevention.
  • Another means of rendering the sites non-propagative can consist of bombs thrown or dropped downstream of the fire front and dispersing during the explosion a fluid such as water or foam containing or not retardants.
  • a fluid such as water or foam containing or not retardants.
  • the method used and the various means allowing the implementation of the method by producing zones of non-propagative elements contribute to the optimization of the fight against fire.
  • the fire-fighting method consists in using non-propagating elements or in implementing means to render the combustible elements non-propagative, so that the percentage of non-propagating sites that the fire is likely to meet either above a given threshold below 100%.
  • the neutralization of a site can be done by explosion within the vegetation of an envelope containing a specified quantity of water. This explosion is caused either by impact with the ground, or by remote control at a determined height above the ground.
  • bombs with a flexible envelope are preferably used, while rigid envelopes are used in the case of a remote-controlled explosion.

Landscapes

  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Biodiversity & Conservation Biology (AREA)
  • Ecology (AREA)
  • Forests & Forestry (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Public Health (AREA)
  • Business, Economics & Management (AREA)
  • Emergency Management (AREA)
  • Fire-Extinguishing Compositions (AREA)
  • Fire-Extinguishing By Fire Departments, And Fire-Extinguishing Equipment And Control Thereof (AREA)
  • Respiratory Apparatuses And Protective Means (AREA)
  • Glass Compositions (AREA)
  • Optical Fibers, Optical Fiber Cores, And Optical Fiber Bundles (AREA)

Claims (11)

  1. Verfahren zur Brandbekämpfung, bei dem eine gegebene Zone unterteilt wird in Ausbreitungs-Stellen, in denen Elemente ein Brennmaterial bilden, welches die Ausbreitung des Feuers begünstigt, und in Nicht-Ausbreitungs-Stellen, in denen Elemente unbrennbar sind oder mit Hilfsmitteln unbrennbar gemacht sind, gekennzeichnet durch die Schaffung einer Zufallsverteilung von Ausbreitungs- und Nicht-Ausbreitungs-Stellen im Inneren der gegebenen Zone derart, daß die Anzahl der Ausbreitungs- und Nicht-Ausbreitungs-Stellen mehr als 150 beträgt und der Prozentsatz der Nicht-Ausbreitungsstellen, auf die das Feuer auftreffen kann, über einem gegebenen Schwellenwert unterhalb von 100 % der Gesamtzahl der Stellen liegt.
  2. Verfahren nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Anzahl von Nicht-Ausbreitungs-Stellen in einem Bereich zwischen 25 % und 60 % der Gesamtheit der Stellen variiert.
  3. Verfahren nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß der Schwellenwert bei Waldbränden in einem Bereich zwischen 25 % und 60 % variiert.
  4. Verfahren nach Anspruch 3, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß, um einen Waldbrand bei Windstille zum Stillstand zu bringen, ein Schwellenwert von vorzugsweise 42 % gewählt wird.
  5. Verfahren nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die nicht-ausbreitenden Elemente durch unbrennbaren Bewuchs gebildet werden, der gemäß einer Zufallsverteilung in den angegebenen Verhältnissen gepflanzt ist.
  6. Verfahren nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 4, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Hilfsmittel, um die Elemente einer Zone nicht-ausbreitend zu machen, durch Sprühköpfe für Fluidstrahlen gebildet werden, die derart angeordnet sind, daß die besprühte Oberfläche oberhalb des Schwellenwerts liegt.
  7. Verfahren nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 4, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Hilfsmittel zum nichtausbreitend machen der Elemente einer Zone aus transportablen, ausgestoßenen oder abgeworfenen Fluid-Bomben oder -Behältern bestehen.
  8. Verfahren nach Anspruch 6 oder 7, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß das verwendete Fluid Wasser ist.
  9. Verfahren nach Anspruch 6 oder 7, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß das verwendete Fluid ein Schaum ist.
  10. Verfahren nach Anspruch 8 oder 9, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß das Fluid Hemmungsmittel enthalten kann.
  11. Verfahren nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die nicht-ausbreitend gemachten Elemente Elemente von Bauwerken sind.
EP88401905A 1987-07-30 1988-07-22 Verfahren zur Feuerbekämpfung und Anwendung dieses Verfahrens Expired - Lifetime EP0302773B1 (de)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AT88401905T ATE82867T1 (de) 1987-07-30 1988-07-22 Verfahren zur feuerbekaempfung und anwendung dieses verfahrens.

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR8710803 1987-07-30
FR8710803A FR2618687B1 (fr) 1987-07-30 1987-07-30 Procede de lutte contre l'incendie et utilisation du procede

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0302773A1 EP0302773A1 (de) 1989-02-08
EP0302773B1 true EP0302773B1 (de) 1992-12-02

Family

ID=9353716

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP88401905A Expired - Lifetime EP0302773B1 (de) 1987-07-30 1988-07-22 Verfahren zur Feuerbekämpfung und Anwendung dieses Verfahrens

Country Status (9)

Country Link
US (1) US4986363A (de)
EP (1) EP0302773B1 (de)
AT (1) ATE82867T1 (de)
CA (1) CA1299971C (de)
DE (1) DE3876335T2 (de)
ES (1) ES2035936T3 (de)
FR (1) FR2618687B1 (de)
GR (1) GR3006636T3 (de)
PT (1) PT88117B (de)

Families Citing this family (13)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US5070945A (en) * 1987-07-30 1991-12-10 Cerberus Guinard Fire fighting method and use of the method
US5507350A (en) * 1994-07-29 1996-04-16 Primlani; Indru J. Fire extinguishing with dry ice
DE10004976C1 (de) 2000-02-04 2001-09-13 Foerdergemeinschaft Baeume Fue Verfahren zum großflächigen Aufforsten
US7359553B1 (en) * 2001-02-16 2008-04-15 Bio-Key International, Inc. Image identification system
US8118108B2 (en) * 2007-12-03 2012-02-21 Juan Manuel Medina Combustion process stopper
DE202009009349U1 (de) 2008-12-23 2009-10-01 Glinberg, Valeriy, Dipl.-Ing. Feuerboje, die Einwegeinrichtung der Früherkennung des Brandes, der Feuermeldeanlage und der Benachrichtigung
ES2395973B1 (es) * 2012-10-19 2013-07-16 María CANDIL PÉREZ Sistema forestal preventivo para aminorar y extinguir los incendios
WO2015055862A1 (es) * 2013-10-18 2015-04-23 Candil Perez, Maria Sistema forestal preventivo para aminorar y extinguir incendios
US10653904B2 (en) 2017-12-02 2020-05-19 M-Fire Holdings, Llc Methods of suppressing wild fires raging across regions of land in the direction of prevailing winds by forming anti-fire (AF) chemical fire-breaking systems using environmentally clean anti-fire (AF) liquid spray applied using GPS-tracking techniques
US11865390B2 (en) 2017-12-03 2024-01-09 Mighty Fire Breaker Llc Environmentally-clean water-based fire inhibiting biochemical compositions, and methods of and apparatus for applying the same to protect property against wildfire
US11865394B2 (en) 2017-12-03 2024-01-09 Mighty Fire Breaker Llc Environmentally-clean biodegradable water-based concentrates for producing fire inhibiting and fire extinguishing liquids for fighting class A and class B fires
US11826592B2 (en) 2018-01-09 2023-11-28 Mighty Fire Breaker Llc Process of forming strategic chemical-type wildfire breaks on ground surfaces to proactively prevent fire ignition and flame spread, and reduce the production of smoke in the presence of a wild fire
US11911643B2 (en) 2021-02-04 2024-02-27 Mighty Fire Breaker Llc Environmentally-clean fire inhibiting and extinguishing compositions and products for sorbing flammable liquids while inhibiting ignition and extinguishing fire

Family Cites Families (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2858895A (en) * 1957-03-29 1958-11-04 United States Borax Chem Methods and compositions for controlling fires
FR1209202A (fr) * 1958-06-10 1960-02-29 Nouvelles utilisations de la canne de provence
US3684019A (en) * 1971-05-07 1972-08-15 Howard W Emmons Method for fighting a fire
FR2184121A5 (de) * 1972-01-12 1973-12-21 Drouet Jean Charles
FR2344302A1 (fr) * 1976-03-19 1977-10-14 Fabre Gerard Procede pour la protection forestiere contre l'incendie et dispositif pour la mise en oeuvre dudit procede
US4101485A (en) * 1976-05-28 1978-07-18 Monsanto Company Durable fire retardant for forest and rangelands
US4616711A (en) * 1984-08-27 1986-10-14 Johnson John D System and method of controlling and preventing the spread of forest fires

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
ES2035936T3 (es) 1993-05-01
ATE82867T1 (de) 1992-12-15
GR3006636T3 (de) 1993-06-30
CA1299971C (en) 1992-05-05
DE3876335T2 (de) 1993-05-13
PT88117B (pt) 1993-09-30
PT88117A (pt) 1989-06-30
FR2618687A1 (fr) 1989-02-03
EP0302773A1 (de) 1989-02-08
DE3876335D1 (de) 1993-01-14
FR2618687B1 (fr) 1990-06-22
US4986363A (en) 1991-01-22

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