EP0302402A2 - Washing and cleaning agents for fabrics - Google Patents

Abstract

The sodium disalts of the alpha-sulfonated C₁₀-C₂₂ fatty acids are used as detergent surfactant components together with sodium perborate and with at least one compound from the group consisting of sodium sulfate, sodium zeolite and / or sodium tripolyphosphate in textile detergents. A wash liquor is prepared for washing in which the disalt concentration is at least 1 g / l.

Description

The invention relates to a further development of textile washing and cleaning agents which contain detergent surfactants in a mixture with builder substances for their use in washing or cleaning textiles in an aqueous liquor. The invention is based in particular on the object of further improving the environmental compatibility of the active substance mixtures required for textile washing and cleaning.

The efforts of the detergent industry and the chemicals industry for this area of application to alleviate the environmental problems when draining used washing and cleaning solutions into the wastewater have so far mainly focused on the redesign of the so-called builder systems, which are used to develop and protect the surfactant detergent, in particular in the presence of water hardness are required. Sodium tripolyphosphate (STP), which was used almost exclusively as a builder, is nowadays largely or completely made of sodium zeolite, in particular, in commercially available European textile brand detergents replaced the zeolite NaA in detergent quality. The success or failure of textile washing is inextricably linked to the detergent surfactants used in the detergent mixture, which intervene in a variety of ways in the complex processes of the washing process. Mixtures of anionic and non-ionic surfactants are predominantly used here, with alkylbenzenesulfonate (ABS or LAS) being the most outstanding representative of the anionic surfactants worldwide. The classic representatives for nonionic surfactants in such textile detergent mixtures are fatty alcohol polyethoxylates with a generally limited chain length of the polyglycol radical. Surfactant mixtures of this type are notable for high wetting ability in aqueous alkaline wash liquors in the presence of the builder systems. To date, they appear - in conjunction with their economically justifiable accessibility - as difficult-to-replace components of high-quality detergents and cleaning agents, especially for textile laundry.

However, the ecological data and in particular the acute aquatic toxicity of these detergent surfactant compounds, which are used on a large scale, have recently led to criticism, in particular of the unlimited use of heavy-duty detergent containing ABS or LAS. The multi-component washing machine developed in response to this allows the amount of surfactant to be reduced to the amount required in the particular case, but it is understandable that only a small part of the daily textile washing and cleaning processes can be recorded.

The invention is based on the object of further facilitating the disposal of used washing and cleaning solutions in that wash-active surfactant systems are to be used which are characterized by optimal environmental compatibility and in particular by optimal values for acute aquatic toxicity, so that undesired side effects in the destruction of used washing and cleaning liquors are suppressed as far as possible. At the same time, however, the invention seeks to maintain as much as possible the high cleaning power of today's branded laundry detergents in the field of textile washing. In the testing of the detergent, this means that the high standard of the primary washing power of today's branded detergents is to be achieved or almost to be achieved, even if the highly wetting and highly washing-active surfactants or surfactant systems which have been customary to this day are completely or at least partially dispensed with.

The teaching of the invention is based on the finding that the di-salts of alpha-sulfonated fatty acids of natural and / or synthetic origin, in particular the chain length range of C₁₀₋₂₂, preferably the C number range of C₁₄₋₁₈ and very particularly the corresponding sodium -Disalts of the tallow fatty acid range (C _16/18 ) are characterized by optimal properties in their ecological assessment. ABS or LAS, for example, shows an LC value of 3.2 to 4.9 mg / l when determining the acute aquatic toxicity on fish (gold thrown, 48 h). The corresponding value of daphnia (24 hours) is 8.9 to 14 mg / l. Comparable LC₅₀ values for alcohol ethoxylates are in the range of 1 to 50 mg / l for fish and in the range of 2 to 200 mg / l for daphnia.

In contrast, the following values for the acute aquatic toxicity have been determined for the sodium disalts of alpha-sulfofatty acids of the stated type: Fish (gold throw, 48 h) LC _o :> 200 mg / l; Daphnia (24 h) LC _o :> 1000 mg / l. If one also takes into account that the sodium disalts of alpha-sulfofatty acids of the type mentioned are used both in Primary degradation as well as aerobic degradation in the soil show good values, the superiority of this class of substances becomes apparent as a potential candidate for detergents and cleaning agents of the type mentioned.

Examination of the washing properties of these sodium disalts of alpha-sulfo fatty acids - hereinafter referred to simply as "sodium disalts" - shows their considerable weakness as a detergent active, determined as the primary detergency on standard soiled test fabrics in conventional detergent mixtures. Although it has always been known that sodium disalts of the type in question can have a certain washing power, they have been regarded as unusable for practical use as a surfactant component or even as a main surfactant component. When producing a closely related class of surfactants, namely the monosodium salts of methyl alpha-sulfofatty acid esters, the relevant literature repeatedly refers to keeping the accompanying content of these surfactants in the sodium disalts formed by ester cleavage as low as possible. The reason for the low surfactant activity of these sodium disalts is their unfavorable relationship between structure and solubility behavior. The sodium disalts of the tallow fatty acid range, in particular the C _16/18 fatty acids, which are preferred for washing reasons, are already sparingly soluble and thus appear undesirable as the main detergent surfactant component.

The prior art has considered the use of disalts in detergent mixtures several times. DE-ASen 21 44 592 and 21 61 726 describe textile detergents which, in addition to the usual washing-active nonionic and / or anionic surfactant components, contain alkali metal salts of alpha-sulfonated saturated fatty acids with 14 to 20 carbon atoms. These sodium disalts should either serve alone as builders for the surfactant components used or together with conventional builders combinations, in particular based on calcium ions complex binding and / or precipitating builders salts are used. A further modification of this application of the sodium disalts as builder components is described in the European patents 00 70 190 and 00 70 191 (in each case B1). The sodium disalts of alpha-sulfonated carboxylic acids are to be used here as cobuilders together with sodium zeolite as the main builder component in textile detergent mixtures based on customary surfactant mixtures. All these proposals have nothing in common with the object of the invention to design sodium disalts of the type mentioned because of their ecological properties, which are unique in the relevant surfactant sector, into a functionally essential or even the only detergent-active surfactant component in the context of textile detergents.

In the earlier application P 36 04 039.8 (D 7537) by the applicant, the use of sodium disalts of the type described together with highly swellable, finely divided sheet silicates, in particular from the class of natural and / or synthetic crystalline smectites with a strongly swellable layer structure in textile detergents and cleaning agents described. Here it places the claimed teaching on the development of an improved, in particular synergistically enhanced softening effect in the washed and dried textile material. The use of selected surfactants from the class of fatty alcohol sulfates, alkyl glucosides, fatty acid alkanolamides and / or ether amines is provided. Here, too, there is no information on how to design textile detergents in which the sodium disalts are the sole or predominant surfactant component, provided that optimal primary washing results are required in the area of branded detergents common today.

In the Japanese patent literature there are a number of references to the use of sodium disalcohols as a surfactant or cosurfactant in textile detergents. For example, JA-OS 60-18592 describes a bleaching detergent mixture which is characterized by the content of (A) 1-15% by weight of an alkali metal salt of sulfofatty acids of the type concerned here and (B) 3-15% by weight Sodium percarbonate. The use of other surface-active agents and suitable builders as well as common detergent ingredients is provided. ABS or LAS is mentioned first as a suitable surface-active surfactant. In the specific examples, in addition to limited amounts of sodium disalt (4 to 10% by weight) alpha-sulfofatty acid methyl ester and predominant amounts (15% by weight) of LAS or sodium alpha-olefin sulfonate are used. JA-OS 58-125849 describes a textile detergent with a finishing effect which, in addition to 5-30% by weight of an anionic surface-active agent (A), contains 0.1-10% by weight of a quaternary ammonium compound (B). Alkaline or alkaline earth metal salts of alpha-sulfofatty acids and / or corresponding esters of alpha-sulfofatty acid should predominantly be used as surfactant component A. The use of other cosurfactants is also envisaged, with ABS and LAS again being named first. The concrete examples are formulated accordingly. In addition to limited amounts of sodium disalt, there are predominant amounts of LAS and / or alpha-sulfofatty acid methyl ester salt. According to the knowledge of the applicant, a technical teaching, as proposed in the following for the invention to solve the above-described task, has not been described directly or indirectly in the sum of its essential elements in the relevant state of the art to date.

The invention is based on the surprising finding that it adheres to a plurality of parameters in the The composition of the detergent concentrates, on the one hand, and the desired dosage of detergent compositions composed according to the invention in the wash liquor, on the other hand, are required in order to achieve the desired goal of high primary washing power with surfactants based on sodium disalts of the type described.

Accordingly, the subject of the invention in the most general embodiment is the use of sodium perborate together with at least approximately equal proportions of sodium sulfate, sodium zeolite and / or sodium tripolyphosphate (STP) and, if desired, further alkalizing sodium alkaline builder components for textile detergents as multi-component builders for enhancing the primary washing power of sodium disalphases alpha -sulfonated fatty acids of natural or synthetic origin, in particular the chain length range of C₁₀₋₂₂ - hereinafter referred to simply as "sodium disalts" - when used as a detergent surfactant component in solid and / or liquid detergents and cleaning agents for textiles (detergent concentrates) , wherein the content of sodium perborate in the detergent concentrate is at least about 15% by weight and the content of sodium disalts is selected so that Nat rium disalt contents in the wash liquor of at least about 1 g / l are formed.

The sodium disalt content in the detergent concentrate is preferably selected so that when it is used as intended, sodium disalt contents of at least about 1.5 g / l and in particular at least about 1.7 g / l are formed in the aqueous wash liquor. Working with sodium disaline contents in the wash liquor in the range of about 2 g / l and more can be particularly expedient. In general, sodium disaline contents are necessary for the formation of a high primary washing power Wash liquor in the range of approximately 1.7-3.5 g / l is sufficient, in particular those in the range of approximately 2-3 g / l, although the use of even higher amounts of sodium disalcohols means that the primary washing power in individual cases - taking into account the following Information - can be further strengthened.

The preferred sodium disalts for the use according to the invention are derived from saturated alpha-sulfofatty acids in the range C₁₄₋₁₈ and in particular from the corresponding C _16/18 acids or the corresponding acid mixtures.

A very important builder component for increasing the primary washing power of sodium disalts when used as the only or essential detergent component in detergent mixtures is sodium perborate, which is usually used in the form of crystalline materials - tetrahydrate and / or monohydrate - in fine crystalline form. Sodium perborate of this type is in itself a conventional component in heavy duty laundry detergents in the European sector, which is however assigned a very specific meaning: The sodium perborate serves as a supplier of active oxygen or oxygen peroxide and is therefore the conventional detergent component for removing bleachable soiling. In conventional heavy duty laundry detergents, perborate is mostly used in combination with activators for triggering the bleaching action, in particular in combination with tetraacetylethylene diamine (TAED) or tetraacetylglycoluril (TAGU). It has been shown that the sodium perborate makes an important contribution to achieving the object according to the invention - raising the primary washing power of the sodium disalts concerned here to the standard of brand detergents customary today, which goes beyond its additional persistent bleaching action. Sodium perborate alone, but especially sodium perborate in Abmi Schung with the other cobuilder components mentioned sodium sulfate, sodium zeolite and / or STP leads to a noticeable increase in the primary washing power of washing liquors containing sodium disalts in the sense according to the invention, regardless of a possible influence on bleachable soiling. In this sense it is preferred according to the invention to use sodium perborate and in particular sodium perborate salts containing water of crystallization in the detergent concentrate in amounts of up to about 40% by weight and preferably in amounts of up to about 30% by weight. The perborate range in the detergent concentrate can be particularly suitable at contents of about 18-25% by weight.

It is furthermore preferred to adjust the content of the combination of builder substances which reinforce the primary washing power, namely sodium perborate together with sodium sulfate, sodium zeolite and / or STP, to at least about 25% by weight and in particular to at least 30% by weight. For example, appropriate proportions of these substance mixtures in the range of about 25-80% by weight and in particular amounts in the range of about 30-70% by weight are suitable. All percentages by weight relate to the total weight of the detergent concentrate.

The content of the builder components sodium perborate in a mixture with sodium sulfate, sodium zeolite and / or STP is preferably set according to the invention in the detergent concentrates such that when the detergent concentrates are used as intended, the contents of these primary detergency boosters total at least about 2.5 g / l and preferably about 3 - 10 g / l are formed in the aqueous wash liquor. Working with a wash liquor content of this inorganic builder combination in the range of about 3-8 g / l can be particularly preferred.

The teaching according to the invention is based on the surprising finding that, in the case of textile detergents of the type concerned here, which contain sodium disalts as active surfactant component, high results of the primary washing power can be obtained if, on the one hand, comparatively high contents of the disalt surfactant component are used in the wash liquor and, on the other hand, their effectiveness is increased by the use of the specified mineral builder components. Several findings are worth noting, which are shown in detail in the example section.

The primary washing power of detergents of the type affected here only increases in the usual range for the surfactant content of aqueous washing liquors under European conditions - surfactant amounts up to about 1.2 g / l or even up to about 1.5 g / l - with increasing amounts of surfactant very moderate, as long as sodium disalts of the type concerned are used as a detergent surfactant component. Even with increasing amounts of builder components, there is initially no substantial increase in the level of the primary washing power. The standard commercial laundry detergent appears unattainable.

The situation changes abruptly when the limit range of about 1 - 1.5 g / l of active substance (AS) sodium disalt in the wash liquor is exceeded, the precise location of this leap in action being influenced by the type and amount of the builder combination used. The optimization of the primary washing power results up to the performance level of common high-quality textile detergents and even beyond is now possible with detergent combinations based on sodium disalts. The already mentioned concomitant use of sodium perborate, but also of the other mineral builder components mentioned, plays a decisive role here. In this connection, it is surprising that an electrolyte salt such as sodium sulfate is practically equivalent in its builder effect to that of sodium zeolite, which is widely used today, in particular of the type of crystalline zeolite NaA. But sodium sulfate is also tends to have the same effect with regard to the builder effect in the area of high sodium disalt concentrations in the wash liquor as STP mentioned here. Based on these facts, it can only be concluded that sodium disalts and the washing and cleaning effects they cause on textiles are washing-active components or phenomena of their own kind that cannot easily be adapted to the previous picture of surfactant chemistry.

The combination of sodium perborate with each of the other mineral builder components mentioned as well as with mixtures of two or more of these other mineral builder components is possible and leads to the desired high values of the primary washing power. So it is possible to add sodium perborate together with sodium sulfate alone as well as with zeolite NaA or STP alone in the detergent concentrate. Mixtures of these components with sodium perborate can also be used. In all cases - assuming a suitable target dosage of the sodium disalts - high-quality washing results can be obtained.

The preferred content of sodium disalts in the detergent concentrates is in the range from about 10 to 40% by weight and in particular about 15 to 30% by weight, with amounts in the range from about 17 to 25% by weight again being particularly suitable can. Detergent concentrates of this type are suitable for a nominal dosage in the formation of the aqueous detergent solution in the range of at least about 7.5 g / l of detergent liquor and in particular in the range of about 7.5-15 g / l. Typical dosages, in particular for solid detergents of the type described, are in the range of about 10 g / l under European conditions, for example in the range of about 8-12 g / l.

In addition to the sodium disalts, the detergent concentrates according to the invention and thus the aqueous wash liquors used can contain further detergent surfactants and / or detergent boosters. In the preferred embodiment of the invention, the amount of such detergent-active cosurfactants is at most approximately the same or preferably less than the amount of sodium disaline present in the detergent. In important embodiments, the amount of such additional cosurfactants does not, or not significantly, exceed about 80% by weight, and preferably about 60% by weight, of the sodium disalting amount. The amount of detersive cosurfactants preferably makes up no more than about 50% by weight of the amount of sodium disalt used, with substantially smaller amounts, for example not more than 35% by weight and in particular not more than 20% by weight. can be particularly suitable. This limitation of the amount of cosurfactants is based on a certain intention in the spirit of the essence of the task according to the invention to substantially increase the environmental compatibility of the new detergent mixtures from the surfactant side and in particular to maintain the aquatoxic values of the detergent mixture in the range which is suitable for the practically non-toxic sodium disalts is characteristic of this.

So if the choice of such cosurfactants is determined on the one hand by their possible effect on the desired washing and cleaning result, in particular in the direction of further increased primary washing results, the other selection aspect of increased ecological compatibility is of greater importance. The selection according to the invention is determined by the use of cosurfactants with the lowest possible toxicity - determined, for example, using the aforementioned aquatic toxicity model - and / or the use of the smallest possible amounts of such cosurfactants. By optimizing these aspects, it is now possible to achieve high levels of environmental compatibility ensure the ability for detergent mixtures from a surfactant perspective.

Basically, all the usual, in particular anionic and / or nonionic, surfactant components in the detergent sector are suitable for this use as cosurfactants. Particularly suitable cosurfactants can be fatty alcohol sulfates, in particular tallow sulfate, soaps and / or alkylglycosides, but also selected detergent boosters, for example those from the class of the fatty acid alkanolamides. Especially fatty acid soaps, in particular sodium soaps from natural and / or synthetic fatty acids in the C number range of C₁₀₋₂₂, in particular C₁₂₋₁₈ and particularly preferably C _16/18, are important cosurfactants to the sodium disalts in the sense of the teaching according to the invention. In a preferred embodiment, the sodium disalts on the one hand and the soaps used as cosurfactants on the other hand can be derived from the same natural and / or synthetic, in particular saturated, fatty acids or fatty acid mixtures. It is clear that considerable relief is obtained here, in particular for the production of corresponding surfactant mixtures, by selective partial sulfonation of a starting material containing carboxylic acids or carboxylic acid derivatives.

In an important embodiment of the invention, the use of the detergent surfactants based on ABS or LAS, which are widely used today, is dispensed with.

The detergent concentrates in the detergent concentrates according to the invention can be increased by using additional conventional builder components. Sodium-alkaline builder components such as water glass and / or soda are particularly suitable here. Water glass, ie soluble sodium silicate, can be used, for example, in amounts of up to about 15% by weight. Suitable amounts for the soda additional lie z. B. in the range of 5-35 wt .-%. Calcium complex-binding compounds such as EDTA, NTA and / or polycarboxylates, which are known from conventional detergent technology, are also suitable. Other common additives in detergent mixtures are polymer components to improve dirt-carrying capacity, for example based on carboxymethyl cellulose, as well as enzymes, fragrances and dyes and other customary auxiliaries in detergents. All of these additional auxiliaries are usually only present in small amounts, which in their entirety make up no more than about 35% by weight and preferably no more than about 10-20% by weight of the detergent concentrate. All these percentages by weight relate to the detergent concentrate.

In an important embodiment, in the context of the teaching according to the invention use is also made of the elements which are described in the earlier application P 36 04 039.8 (D 7537) mentioned at the beginning. The action according to the invention also provides for the use of swellable, finely divided sheet silicates, in particular from the class of natural and / or synthetic crystalline smectites with a strongly swellable layer structure. Mica-like layered silicates with a three-layer structure from the smectite group, such as montmorillonite, hectorite, saponite, beidellite and comparable compounds, are particularly suitable. Bentonite is a suitable natural feed material, which is known to contain the majority of layered silicate of the montmorillonite structure. Corresponding smectite clays are available under the most varied trade names on the market. Examples are the materials which are sold under the trade names "Laponite RD", "Dis-Thix-Extra", "Thixogel", "Softclark" or under other known trade names.

The amount of this swellable layered silicate with a swaying action in the detergent concentrates according to the invention is in the range from about 3 to 25% by weight, preferably in the range from about 3 to 15% by weight and in particular within the range from about 5 to 10% by weight . As has been shown, these additives also have a certain builder effect with regard to the primary washing power. In particular, however, in this embodiment of the invention, the additional advantage of a washing bath finish can be exploited, as described in detail in the earlier application mentioned P 36 04 039.8 (D 7537).

The detergent concentrates of the invention may be liquid detergents or solid materials. Solid multi-component detergent mixtures are the generally preferred embodiment. Powdery and / or granular materials can be of particular importance.

Examples Example 1:

A phosphate-free washing powder base formulation is mixed with gradually increasing amounts of the disodium salt of the hardened tallow fatty acid (C _16/18 ). The washing powders produced in this way have the following composition:

x% by weight of tallow fatty acid sodium disalt
4.0% by weight of coconut fatty acid monoethanolamide (Comperlan 100)
7.5% by weight of water glass (Portil N)
22.0% by weight sodium perborate
0.5% by weight carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC)
0.2% by weight of ethylenediamine tetraacetic acid (EDTA)
30.0% by weight sodium sulfate

The disodium salt content is increased in the range from 0 to 30% by weight in steps of 5% by weight.

Launderometer washing tests are carried out with the washing powders thus produced under the following conditions:
Temperature 60 ° C, water hardness 16 ° dH, liquor ratio 1:30, 10 steel balls, washing time 30 minutes, rinsing time 4 x 30 seconds.

Standard test fabrics based on polyester / cotton (H-SH-PBV) soiled with dust / skin oil are washed.

The washing powder is dosed in the respective washing test in an amount of 7.5 g washing powder / l aqueous washing liquor.

The washing capacity is checked as a function of the disaline content by determining the degree of lightening on the washed goods (% remission determined using the Elrephomat from Carl Zeiss, Oberkochem, FRG). The values determined are summarized in Table 1 below.

The water value determined without the addition of washing powder under the specified washing conditions is 27.3% remission, a high-performance brand detergent delivers a remission value of 77.4 under the same washing conditions. Table 1 % Sodium disalt in washing powder % Remission 0 30.5 5 35.5 10th 38.6 15 41.8 20th 66.2 25th 73.6 30th 76.2

The transfer of these numerical values into the attached FIG. 1 shows particularly clearly the sudden increase in the primary washing power in the range of about 1 to 1.5 g of active substance (AS) disalt - correspondingly with the washing powder dosage chosen the disaline content of about 15-20% AS in the washing powder.

Example 2

Washing powders are produced according to the basic recipe of Example 1 with a content of 20% by weight (AS) sodium disalt. In deviation from the formulation of Example 1, however, the sodium sulfate content is now gradually replaced by crystalline zeolite NaA (detergent quality) and the zeolite NaA content is increased to 40% by weight in an additional detergent formulation.

With the washing powders so assembled, washing tests are carried out under the standard conditions and on the same textile test material. The degrees of lightening obtained (% remission) are determined on the washed and dried textile samples. They are summarized in Table 2 below. Table 2 % By weight in washing powder % Remission Zeolite NaA / Na₂SO₄ 0 30th 70.5 10th 20th 73.0 20th 10th 73.4 30th 0 71.6 40 0 71.7

Example 3:

In comparative tests to check the washing properties depending on the inorganic builder salt used, a standard detergent formulation of the following recipe is used:

The inorganic builder salts mentioned as the last position of this detergent formulation are varied within the framework of the teaching according to the invention and compared with a control experiment which omits the use of this detergent component. The washing results obtained are determined under the washing conditions mentioned in Example 2 (dosage of the washing powder 7.5 g / l). They are summarized in Table 3 below. Table 3 Recipe variation wt% a b c d C _16/18 disalt (AS) 20.0 20.0 20.0 20.0 Na sulfate - 30.0 10th 10th Zeolite NaA - - 20th - STP - - - 20th Rest as previously stated % Remission 33.8 69.3 72.4 75.7

Example 4:

To determine the influence of detergent boosters (WKV) used in small quantities, various washing powder mixtures based on sodium disaline are compiled according to the recipe from Example 1. In a first test series, the sodium disaline content is set to 10% by weight (AS), in a second test series this sodium disaline content (AS) is set to 20% by weight of the detergent concentrate.

Washing tests are carried out under the conditions of the previous examples on H-SH-PBV test rags in a launderometer. The washing powders used in each case are modified by the addition of various types of detergency booster shown in Table 4 below. Each detergent booster is in turn added to the basic formulation in the proportions of 2% by weight, 4% by weight and 6% by weight WKV.

The dosage of the respective washing powder is 7.5 g / l. This means that in the test series with washing powders with a content of 10% by weight (AS) sodium disalt, the lower limit for the disalt in the washing liquor of about 1 g / l defined according to the invention is not reached, while in the test series with a Content of 20 wt .-% (AS) sodium disalt in the detergent concentrate, the sodium disalt contents in the wash liquor are about 1.5 g / l.

• 1) Comperlan 100 (Kokosfettsäure(C₁₂₋₁₈)-Monoethanolamid)
• 2) Comperlan KD (Kokosfettsäure-Diethanolamid)
• 3) Kokosamin . 2 EO
• 4) Dehyton-K-Vorstufe (Kokosfettsäure-N,N-dimethyl-propylen­diamin)
• 5) Dehydol LT7 (Fettalkoholpolyethoxylat mit im Mittel 7 EO)

The detergent boosters used are the following:

• 1) Comperlan 100 (coconut fatty acid (C₁₂₋₁₈) monoethanolamide)
• 2) Comperlan KD (coconut fatty acid diethanolamide)
• 3) coconut amine. 2 EO
• 4) Dehyton K precursor (coconut fatty acid N, N-dimethyl-propylenediamine)
• 5) Dehydol LT7 (fatty alcohol polyethoxylate with an average of 7 EO)

For comparison, a high-quality powdered brand detergent is washed in the same concentration.

The washing power boosters used in the washing powder, their gradual accumulation in the washing powder and the washing results obtained in each case - determined as% remission - are summarized in Table 4 below. Table 4 WKV number No WKV 1 2nd 3rd 4th 5 Branded laundry detergent 10% (AS) disalt 2% WKV 36.2 37.2 36.8 35.9 39.6 4% WKV 32.7 38.6 44.1 38.8 40.2 46.4 6% WKV 39.7 47.6 41.1 42.2 61.0 76.3 20% (AS) disalz7 2% WKV 73.2 76.2 75.0 74.7 75.5 4% WKV 69.5 76.2 76.3 75.6 77.3 75.9 6% WKV 74.5 73.9 75.8 77.2 76.5

Example 5:

It is examined how the addition of a wide variety of surfactant components to the basic formulation according to the invention is based on sodium disalt / sodium perborate / sodium sulfate. The following basic recipe is used:

This basic formulation is mixed with the detergent surfactant components listed below, with this amount of surfactant being gradually increased - in each case 2% by weight additive - in the range from 0 to 10% by weight additional surfactant. The following additional surfactants are used:

ABS (Maranil A 55)
Tallow sulfate (sulfopone T 55)
Coconut sulfate (Sulfopon K 35)
Fatty alcohol ether sulfate (Texapon NSO)
Ester sulfonate (Texin ES 68)
Alkyl glucoside (V 13S)
Nonionic surfactant (Dehydol LT 7)

The washing conditions in launderometer washing correspond to the information in Example 1. Dosage of the washing powder in each case 7.5 g / l.

The reflectance values determined in these washing tests on the washed and dried textile samples are summarized in Table 5 below. Table 5 20% disalt + x% additive 0 2nd 4th 6 8th 10th SECTION 57.4 61.7 64.2 76.3 77.1 77.2 Tallow sulfate 57.4 60.0 67.1 70.8 73.2 76.0 Coconut sulfate 57.4 59.8 63.2 72.2 74.3 74.4 Fatty alcohol ether sulfate 57.4 70.1 72.0 72.6 74.3 73.4 Ester sulfonate 57.4 64.6 68.0 72.3 73.9 73.7 Alkyl glucoside 57.4 69.5 70.6 71.2 73.4 73.7 Nonionic surfactant 57.4 70.7 71.3 72.8 73.2 73.0

Example 6:

The basic detergent formulation

4.0% by weight of Comperlan 100
7.0% by weight of Portil N
22.0% by weight sodium perborate
0.5 wt% CMC
0.2% by weight EDTA
on the one hand with increasing amounts of sodium disalt (10 - 40% by weight (AS) disalt in steps of 10% by weight) and at the same time with increasing amounts of sodium sulfate in the range of 0 - 60% by weight sodium sulfate ( levels of 10% by weight) were also increased here.

With the detergent concentrates compiled in this form, the detergent used in the previous examples conditions worked with the respective dosage of 7.5 g washing powder / l washing liquor.

The washing results obtained -% remission - are summarized in Table 6 below. Table 6 % By weight (AS) disalt % By weight Na₂SO₄ 0 10th 20th 30th 40 50 60 10th 38.0 38.7 38.5 39.9 40.3 40.3 42.4 20th 60.6 65.3 68.7 71.3 75.6 74.8 74.5 30th 76.2 76.5 74.6 74.5 74.4 74.4 74.3 40 74.9 75.0 75.7 73.6 83.8 74.3 75.2

Example 7:

The series examinations of Example 6 are repeated. In the new experiments, however, the sodium sulfate is replaced by crystalline zeolite NaA. The test conditions are otherwise the same as in Example 6.

The results obtained in the washing tests (% remission) are summarized in Table 7 below. Table 7 % By weight (AS) disalt Wt% zeolite NaA 0 10th 20th 30th 40 50 60 10th 37.4 44.2 48.9 53.7 57.0 63.1 66.6 20th 59.9 63.6 71.2 75.3 75.3 75.2 75.3 30th 74.9 77.3 77.3 76.8 76.7 76.0 75.8 40 75.3 75.2 76.0 74.8 74.3 74.3 74.1

Example 8:

In a new comparative series of washing tests, the washing-strengthening effect of an addition of soda is examined. The following three basic recipes are used for the washing powder used:

Washing powder composed exclusively of disodium salt of tallow fatty acid (C _16/18 ) and soda.

Washing powder from the disalt, soda and the basic components of the sodium perborate-containing builder mixture listed in Example 6

Washing powder from disalt, soda and the previously mentioned builder components, now with the addition of 30.0% by weight sodium sulfate.

In all cases, corresponding washing powder without added soda is washed for comparison.

The washing conditions correspond to the information in the previous examples at a dosage of 7.5 g washing powder / l washing liquor. The reflectance values determined on the washed and dried test textiles are summarized in Table 8 below. It can be seen that in a detergent constructed according to the invention, it is possible to activate the washing power in the range of 75% remission solely by adding soda, without the need to use further surfactant components with possibly undesirable effects in the wastewater problem. Table 8 % By weight soda 0 10th 20th Disalz + soda 35.3 49.4 55.2 Disalz + soda + perborate content 53.6 58.6 62.9 Disalt + soda + perborate + Na₂SO₄ (30% by weight) 68.6 74.5 74.9

Claims (14)

1. Use of sodium perborate together with at least approximately equal proportions of sodium sulfate, sodium zeolite and / or sodium tripolyphosphate (STP) and, if desired, further alkalizing sodium alkaline builder components for textile detergents as multi-component builders for enhancing the primary washing power of sodium disalphases of alpha-sulfonated fatty acids natural and / or synthetic Origin, in particular the chain length range of C₁₀₋₂₂ (sodium disalts) when used as a detergent surfactant component in solid and / or liquid detergents and cleaning agents for textiles (detergent concentrates), the content of sodium perborate in the detergent concentrate being at least about 15% by weight and the content of sodium disalts is selected such that sodium disalt contents of at least about 1 g / l are formed in the wash liquor when the detergent concentrates are used as intended. 2. Embodiment according to claim 1, characterized in that the content of sodium disalts in the detergent concentrate is selected so that when used as intended in the wash liquor sodium disalt contents of at least about 1.5 g / l, preferably of about 1.7 - 3.5 g / l, and in particular of about 2-3 g / l. 3. Embodiment according to claims 1 and 2, characterized in that sodium perborate containing water of crystallization in the detergent concentrate in amounts of up to about 40% by weight, preferably in amounts of up to about 30% by weight and in particular in amounts of about 18-25% by weight. % is present. 4. Embodiment according to claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the content of the builder components sodium perborate and sodium sulfate, sodium zeolite and / or STP is set such that, when the detergent concentrate is used as intended, the contents of these primary detergency boosters total at least about 2.5 g / l , preferably from about 3 to 10 g / l and in particular in the range from about 3 to 8 g / l in the wash liquor. 5. Embodiment according to claims 1 to 4, characterized in that the content of the detergent concentrates in the builder components sodium perborate together with sodium sulfate, sodium zeolite and / or STP is in the range from approximately 25-80% by weight and preferably approximately 70% by weight. does not exceed. 6. Embodiment according to claims 1 to 5, characterized in that the detergent concentrates additionally contain further detergent surfactants or detergent boosters, the amounts of which are at most approximately the same, but preferably less than the amount of sodium disalcohol present in the detergent concentrate and in particular approximately 60% by weight. , preferably not exceed about 50% by weight of the amount of sodium disalt. 7. Embodiment according to claims 1 to 6, characterized in that readily washable cosurfactants and / or biologically largely compatible surfactant components, in particular fatty alcohol sulfates, fatty acid alkanolamides, soaps and / or alkyl glycosides are present. 8. Embodiment according to claims 1 to 7, characterized in that the detergent concentrates about 10 - 40 wt .-%, preferably about 15 - 30 wt .-% sodium disalts at the desired dosage of the detergent concentrate in the range of about 7.5 - 15 g / l included. 9. Embodiment according to claims 1 to 8, characterized in that the detergent concentrates preferably contain soluble sodium silicate as an additional alkalizing builder component in amounts of up to about 15% by weight. 10. Embodiment according to claims 1 to 9, characterized in that the detergent concentrates additionally contain soluble organic complexing agents for calcium, in particular polycarboxylate compounds. 11. Embodiment according to claims 1 to 10, characterized in that the detergent concentrates additionally contain soda and / or sodium hydrogen carbonate, preferably in amounts of up to about 35% by weight, in particular in amounts of up to about 25% by weight. 12. Embodiment according to claims 1 to 11, characterized in that the detergent concentrates additionally contain swellable, finely divided sheet silicates, in particular from the class of natural and / or synthetic crystalline smectites with a strongly swellable layer structure, the amounts of which are preferably about 3 to 15% by weight and in particular is about 5-10% by weight. 13. Embodiment according to claims 1 to 12, characterized in that the sodium disalts of substantially saturated alpha-sulfonated fatty acids, in particular of natural origin, of the C number range from C₁₄₋₁₈ and preferably at least predominantly of fatty acids of chain length C _{16 / 18} derive. 4. Embodiment according to claims 1 to 13, characterized in that the detergent concentrates are present as solids, in particular in powder form and / or as a granular material.

Images