EP0301735A2 - Practice sea mine - Google Patents
Practice sea mine Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP0301735A2 EP0301735A2 EP19880306512 EP88306512A EP0301735A2 EP 0301735 A2 EP0301735 A2 EP 0301735A2 EP 19880306512 EP19880306512 EP 19880306512 EP 88306512 A EP88306512 A EP 88306512A EP 0301735 A2 EP0301735 A2 EP 0301735A2
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- mine
- practice
- mine according
- deployment
- body structure
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 239000011368 organic material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 238000006731 degradation reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 230000015556 catabolic process Effects 0.000 claims description 5
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000004568 cement Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000000977 initiatory effect Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000002023 wood Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000011120 plywood Substances 0.000 description 8
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 6
- 239000011505 plaster Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 4
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- 239000003292 glue Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000004576 sand Substances 0.000 description 3
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000011122 softwood Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910000838 Al alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 102000004190 Enzymes Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 108090000790 Enzymes Proteins 0.000 description 1
- DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M Ilexoside XXIX Chemical compound C[C@@H]1CC[C@@]2(CC[C@@]3(C(=CC[C@H]4[C@]3(CC[C@@H]5[C@@]4(CC[C@@H](C5(C)C)OS(=O)(=O)[O-])C)C)[C@@H]2[C@]1(C)O)C)C(=O)O[C@H]6[C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@H](O6)CO)O)O)O.[Na+] DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M 0.000 description 1
- FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N Magnesium Chemical compound [Mg] FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000004411 aluminium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- POIUWJQBRNEFGX-XAMSXPGMSA-N cathelicidin Chemical compound C([C@@H](C(=O)N[C@@H](CCCNC(N)=N)C(=O)N[C@@H](CCCCN)C(=O)N[C@@H](CO)C(=O)N[C@@H](CCCCN)C(=O)N[C@@H](CCC(O)=O)C(=O)N[C@@H](CCCCN)C(=O)N[C@@H]([C@@H](C)CC)C(=O)NCC(=O)N[C@@H](CCCCN)C(=O)N[C@@H](CCC(O)=O)C(=O)N[C@@H](CC=1C=CC=CC=1)C(=O)N[C@@H](CCCCN)C(=O)N[C@@H](CCCNC(N)=N)C(=O)N[C@@H]([C@@H](C)CC)C(=O)N[C@@H](C(C)C)C(=O)N[C@@H](CCC(N)=O)C(=O)N[C@@H](CCCNC(N)=N)C(=O)N[C@@H]([C@@H](C)CC)C(=O)N[C@@H](CCCCN)C(=O)N[C@@H](CC(O)=O)C(=O)N[C@@H](CC=1C=CC=CC=1)C(=O)N[C@@H](CC(C)C)C(=O)N[C@@H](CCCNC(N)=N)C(=O)N[C@@H](CC(N)=O)C(=O)N[C@@H](CC(C)C)C(=O)N[C@@H](C(C)C)C(=O)N1[C@@H](CCC1)C(=O)N[C@@H](CCCNC(N)=N)C(=O)N[C@@H]([C@@H](C)O)C(=O)N[C@@H](CCC(O)=O)C(=O)N[C@@H](CO)C(O)=O)NC(=O)[C@H](CC=1C=CC=CC=1)NC(=O)[C@H](CC(O)=O)NC(=O)CNC(=O)[C@H](CC(C)C)NC(=O)[C@@H](N)CC(C)C)C1=CC=CC=C1 POIUWJQBRNEFGX-XAMSXPGMSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000004927 clay Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002360 explosive Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000945 filler Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000005484 gravity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010348 incorporation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000003475 lamination Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052749 magnesium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011777 magnesium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229920000573 polyethylene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000011084 recovery Methods 0.000 description 1
- 235000013580 sausages Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052708 sodium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011734 sodium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000003892 spreading Methods 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F42—AMMUNITION; BLASTING
- F42B—EXPLOSIVE CHARGES, e.g. FOR BLASTING, FIREWORKS, AMMUNITION
- F42B8/00—Practice or training ammunition
- F42B8/28—Land or marine mines; Depth charges
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a practice sea mine.
- hydrodegradable practice sea mine comprising a body structure fabricated from organic material and filled with an inert substance.
- the mine is designed to degrade within a predetermined time period after deployment, for example, between one and six months.
- the mine may comprise means for initiating degradation on deployment such as a lanyard and pull-off patch.
- the body structure of the mine is made from wood, e.g. plywood and the inert filler may be a soluble cement/plaster mix.
- a practice sea mine is indicated generally at 10 and comprises a tubular casing 12 made from plywood (14/15 laminations) which is formed from two vacuum moulded halves jointed and bound and fastened with low water resistant glues.
- a central tube 14 of spun cardboard extends almost the entire length of the casing 12.
- the casing 12 is filled with a hydrodegradeable concrete/plaster mix indicated at 16.
- An annular plywood block end cap 18 provides a filling access aperture 19 and bolted thereto is a nose piece 20 which may be a metal mine nose piece or may be made from hydrodegradeable material.
- a block 22 of cardboard material is inserted to adjust the centre of gravity of the mine 10 and a plywood block end cap 24 abuts the end wall of the casing 10 to which a tail piece 26, of metal or of wood for example, is attached.
- a lanyard 28 is attached to a pull-off patch 30 initially sealing the end of the central tube 14.
- a top lug 32 is provided for keying the mine 10 in the launch tube of a submarine.
- the length of the practice mine 10 is approximately 2.5 metres, its weight approximately 800-900kg. and it simulates the shape of a specific real mine.
- the practice mine 10 may be deployed from a submarine or an aircraft and is arranged so that, on deployment, the lanyard 28 is tugged to release the pull-off patch 30 (simulating weapon arming) thus allowing water to enter the central tube 14 to initiate degradation.
- the central tube 14 is degraded, then the concrete/plaster mix 16 and finally the casing 12. It is envisaged that the mine 10 will be designed so as to degrade almost totally within between one and six months on the sea bed.
- the practice mine described above simulates a real mine whilst being fabricated of low cost materials using low cost production techniques.
- the mine can be suitably coated to help prevent unwanted external degradation prior to deployment and/or to provide a realistic sonar image for mine hunting practice.
- the practice mine is structurally sufficiently strong to withstand transport and deployment, even from an aircraft, but degrades to a required standard during a predetermined time after deployment.
- FIG. 2 shows a practice mine 50 which is generally the same in external appearance as the mine 10 of Figure 1.
- the mine 50 comprises a plywood casing 51 containing seven tubes 52-58 of soft plywood which may be filled with sand sausages vacuum packed in polythene.
- Runners 60-65 which are triangular in cross section are positioned around the periphery of the mine casing 51 to maintain the tubes 52-58 in position.
- Six softwood poles are positioned around the central tube 58 as shown.
- the tubes 52-58, runners 60-65 and poles are strapped together and glued with water soluble glue prior to fitting of the casing 51.
- This embodiment has the advantage of being structurally relatively strong and furthermore the tubes 52-58 provide several passages to allow water to circulate the start dissolving glue and initiating the degradation process.
- a practice mine 80 comprises an outer casing 82 of plywood and three laminated, soft plywood struts 84, 86 and 88 defining a cruciform structure.
- the struts 84, 86 and 88 extend along the length of the casing 82 and are held in place relative to the casing 82 by channelled wooden runners 90-93. Quarter pieces 94-97 of softwood are glued in place as shown.
- the struts 84, 86 and 88 are apertured as indicated at 88 to allow keying of a filling 100 e.g. a salt and plaster mix.
- This embodiment has the advantage that the struts 84, 86 and 88 lend extra strength in all three dimensions to the mine 80 and in that load spreading is achieved by the keying of the filling 100 through the apertures 98 in the struts 84, 86 and 88.
- Another possible construction would be to fabricate the mine casing in the form of a barrel with interlocking stays held by hoops e.g. of aluminium alloy.
- hydrodegradeable materials could be chosen for incorporation in a practice mine according to the present invention including corrodable materials such as Swedish Iron, Aluminium, Magnesium, bi-metal combinations giving cathodic effects, sodium etc. All sorts of fillings might be used such as soluble salts, salt and plaster mixes, clay and gravel mixes, salt and sand mixes etc. Organic materials for attracting marine organisms to consume them may be used and it is also envisaged that the practice mine may incorporate biological organisms or materials such an enzymes to ensure degradation.
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Ocean & Marine Engineering (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Earth Drilling (AREA)
- Toys (AREA)
- Underground Or Underwater Handling Of Building Materials (AREA)
Abstract
Description
- The present invention relates to a practice sea mine.
- Presently, real mine cases filled with an inert substance, e.g. sand/cement, instead of explosive, are used as practice mines. These may be deployed from a submarine or ship or are sometimes deployed from an aircraft. As real mine cases are costly items an effort is made to recover these which in itself is a costly operation and the recovery rate is low. Real mine cases clutter up the sea bed and can cause damage to fishermen's nets.
- According to the present invention we provide a hydrodegradable practice sea mine comprising a body structure fabricated from organic material and filled with an inert substance.
- Preferably, the mine is designed to degrade within a predetermined time period after deployment, for example, between one and six months. The mine may comprise means for initiating degradation on deployment such as a lanyard and pull-off patch.
- Preferably, the body structure of the mine is made from wood, e.g. plywood and the inert filler may be a soluble cement/plaster mix.
- Particular embodiments of the present invention will now be described, by way of example, with reference to the accompanying drawings in which:-
- Figure 1 is a view in longitudinal cross section of a practice sea mine according to the present invention;
- Figure 2 is a view in transverse cross section of a second embodiment of the present invention;
- Figure 3 is a view in transverse cross section of a third embodiment of the present invention.
- Referring to Figure 1, a practice sea mine is indicated generally at 10 and comprises a
tubular casing 12 made from plywood (14/15 laminations) which is formed from two vacuum moulded halves jointed and bound and fastened with low water resistant glues. Acentral tube 14 of spun cardboard extends almost the entire length of thecasing 12. Thecasing 12 is filled with a hydrodegradeable concrete/plaster mix indicated at 16. An annular plywoodblock end cap 18 provides afilling access aperture 19 and bolted thereto is anose piece 20 which may be a metal mine nose piece or may be made from hydrodegradeable material. At the other end of the casing 12 ablock 22 of cardboard material is inserted to adjust the centre of gravity of themine 10 and a plywoodblock end cap 24 abuts the end wall of thecasing 10 to which atail piece 26, of metal or of wood for example, is attached. A lanyard 28 is attached to a pull-offpatch 30 initially sealing the end of thecentral tube 14. Atop lug 32 is provided for keying themine 10 in the launch tube of a submarine. - The length of the
practice mine 10 is approximately 2.5 metres, its weight approximately 800-900kg. and it simulates the shape of a specific real mine. - In use, the practice mine 10 may be deployed from a submarine or an aircraft and is arranged so that, on deployment, the lanyard 28 is tugged to release the pull-off patch 30 (simulating weapon arming) thus allowing water to enter the
central tube 14 to initiate degradation. - Initially, the
central tube 14 is degraded, then the concrete/plaster mix 16 and finally thecasing 12. It is envisaged that themine 10 will be designed so as to degrade almost totally within between one and six months on the sea bed. - The practice mine described above simulates a real mine whilst being fabricated of low cost materials using low cost production techniques. The mine can be suitably coated to help prevent unwanted external degradation prior to deployment and/or to provide a realistic sonar image for mine hunting practice. The practice mine is structurally sufficiently strong to withstand transport and deployment, even from an aircraft, but degrades to a required standard during a predetermined time after deployment.
- An alternative configuration is shown in Figure 2 which shows a
practice mine 50 which is generally the same in external appearance as themine 10 of Figure 1. Internally, themine 50 comprises aplywood casing 51 containing seven tubes 52-58 of soft plywood which may be filled with sand sausages vacuum packed in polythene. Runners 60-65 which are triangular in cross section are positioned around the periphery of themine casing 51 to maintain the tubes 52-58 in position. Six softwood poles are positioned around thecentral tube 58 as shown. - The tubes 52-58, runners 60-65 and poles are strapped together and glued with water soluble glue prior to fitting of the
casing 51. This embodiment has the advantage of being structurally relatively strong and furthermore the tubes 52-58 provide several passages to allow water to circulate the start dissolving glue and initiating the degradation process. - A further alternative is illustrated in Figure 3 in which a
practice mine 80 comprises anouter casing 82 of plywood and three laminated,soft plywood struts struts casing 82 and are held in place relative to thecasing 82 by channelled wooden runners 90-93. Quarter pieces 94-97 of softwood are glued in place as shown. - The
struts - This embodiment has the advantage that the
struts mine 80 and in that load spreading is achieved by the keying of the filling 100 through the apertures 98 in thestruts - Another possible construction would be to fabricate the mine casing in the form of a barrel with interlocking stays held by hoops e.g. of aluminium alloy.
- It is envisaged that very many hydrodegradeable materials could be chosen for incorporation in a practice mine according to the present invention including corrodable materials such as Swedish Iron, Aluminium, Magnesium, bi-metal combinations giving cathodic effects, sodium etc. All sorts of fillings might be used such as soluble salts, salt and plaster mixes, clay and gravel mixes, salt and sand mixes etc. Organic materials for attracting marine organisms to consume them may be used and it is also envisaged that the practice mine may incorporate biological organisms or materials such an enzymes to ensure degradation.
Claims (7)
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
GB878717693A GB8717693D0 (en) | 1987-07-25 | 1987-07-25 | Practice sea mine |
GB8717693 | 1987-07-25 |
Publications (3)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP0301735A2 true EP0301735A2 (en) | 1989-02-01 |
EP0301735A3 EP0301735A3 (en) | 1989-04-05 |
EP0301735B1 EP0301735B1 (en) | 1993-03-31 |
Family
ID=10621331
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP19880306512 Expired - Lifetime EP0301735B1 (en) | 1987-07-25 | 1988-07-15 | Practice sea mine |
Country Status (3)
Country | Link |
---|---|
EP (1) | EP0301735B1 (en) |
DE (1) | DE3879801T2 (en) |
GB (1) | GB8717693D0 (en) |
Cited By (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
FR2887621A1 (en) * | 2005-06-28 | 2006-12-29 | Giat Ind Sa | EXERCISE AMMUNITION |
Citations (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US3086464A (en) * | 1960-07-19 | 1963-04-23 | Francis E Butler | Detachable practice mine section |
FR2364425A1 (en) * | 1976-09-13 | 1978-04-07 | Ruggieri Ets | Practice charge for military exercises - has biodegradable case with detonators for smoke pellets and noise signal explosive charge |
DE2714545A1 (en) * | 1977-04-01 | 1978-10-12 | Feistel Kg F | Biodegradable PVA (deriv.) moulding - for pyrotechnic article or packaging, preventing injury to humans, animals and plants |
DE8710874U1 (en) * | 1987-08-08 | 1987-12-03 | Pyrotechnische Fabriken Hans Moog - H. Nicolaus, 5600 Wuppertal | Rocket projectile with tail rod |
-
1987
- 1987-07-25 GB GB878717693A patent/GB8717693D0/en active Pending
-
1988
- 1988-07-15 DE DE19883879801 patent/DE3879801T2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1988-07-15 EP EP19880306512 patent/EP0301735B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
Patent Citations (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US3086464A (en) * | 1960-07-19 | 1963-04-23 | Francis E Butler | Detachable practice mine section |
FR2364425A1 (en) * | 1976-09-13 | 1978-04-07 | Ruggieri Ets | Practice charge for military exercises - has biodegradable case with detonators for smoke pellets and noise signal explosive charge |
DE2714545A1 (en) * | 1977-04-01 | 1978-10-12 | Feistel Kg F | Biodegradable PVA (deriv.) moulding - for pyrotechnic article or packaging, preventing injury to humans, animals and plants |
DE8710874U1 (en) * | 1987-08-08 | 1987-12-03 | Pyrotechnische Fabriken Hans Moog - H. Nicolaus, 5600 Wuppertal | Rocket projectile with tail rod |
Cited By (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
FR2887621A1 (en) * | 2005-06-28 | 2006-12-29 | Giat Ind Sa | EXERCISE AMMUNITION |
EP1739383A1 (en) * | 2005-06-28 | 2007-01-03 | Giat Industries | Training ammunition |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
EP0301735B1 (en) | 1993-03-31 |
EP0301735A3 (en) | 1989-04-05 |
DE3879801D1 (en) | 1993-05-06 |
DE3879801T2 (en) | 1993-07-08 |
GB8717693D0 (en) | 1988-05-25 |
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