EP0299231B1 - Method for charging fuel and sponge iron into a melting furnace - Google Patents

Method for charging fuel and sponge iron into a melting furnace Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0299231B1
EP0299231B1 EP88109788A EP88109788A EP0299231B1 EP 0299231 B1 EP0299231 B1 EP 0299231B1 EP 88109788 A EP88109788 A EP 88109788A EP 88109788 A EP88109788 A EP 88109788A EP 0299231 B1 EP0299231 B1 EP 0299231B1
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EP
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Prior art keywords
furnace
inlets
connecting pipes
melting furnace
sponge iron
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Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
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EP88109788A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP0299231A1 (en
Inventor
Bodgan Vuletic
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Deutsche Voest Alpine Industrieanlagenbau GmbH
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Deutsche Voest Alpine Industrieanlagenbau GmbH
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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21B—MANUFACTURE OF IRON OR STEEL
    • C21B7/00—Blast furnaces
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21B—MANUFACTURE OF IRON OR STEEL
    • C21B13/00—Making spongy iron or liquid steel, by direct processes
    • C21B13/0006—Making spongy iron or liquid steel, by direct processes obtaining iron or steel in a molten state
    • C21B13/0013—Making spongy iron or liquid steel, by direct processes obtaining iron or steel in a molten state introduction of iron oxide into a bath of molten iron containing a carbon reductant
    • C21B13/002—Reduction of iron ores by passing through a heated column of carbon
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21B—MANUFACTURE OF IRON OR STEEL
    • C21B13/00—Making spongy iron or liquid steel, by direct processes
    • C21B13/14—Multi-stage processes processes carried out in different vessels or furnaces
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21C—PROCESSING OF PIG-IRON, e.g. REFINING, MANUFACTURE OF WROUGHT-IRON OR STEEL; TREATMENT IN MOLTEN STATE OF FERROUS ALLOYS
    • C21C5/00—Manufacture of carbon-steel, e.g. plain mild steel, medium carbon steel or cast steel or stainless steel
    • C21C5/56—Manufacture of steel by other methods

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a device according to the preamble of claim 1.
  • the direct reduction shaft furnace is arranged at a distance above and in alignment with the melter gasifier.
  • a plurality of star-shaped discharge devices in the form of screw conveyors are provided in a horizontal arrangement vertically through the circumferential wall thereof, which discharge the sponge iron from the area of the shaft furnace via associated downpipes, from where it flows directly into the melter gasifier via the downpipes is delivered.
  • the downpipes end in the top area of the melter gasifier, arranged centrally around its central axis and at a distance from and from one another.
  • the inlet openings for the gasification agent preferably coal, as well as the outlets for the reducing gas or the raw gas leaving the melter gasifier.
  • the melter gasifier is directly connected to the reduction shaft furnace through the downpipes. In this way, a large amount of dust gets into the reduction shaft furnace in addition to the non-dedusted gasifier gas.
  • the inlet of the reducing gas to the reduction shaft furnace is introduced at least 2 m above the screw conveyors, the bed serving as a gas barrier in this area. As a result, the height of the reduction shaft furnace is approx. 2 m higher than is absolutely necessary.
  • the dust development directly at the reducing gas outlets is particularly high, and correspondingly high is the pollution of the raw gas with fine dust.
  • they are also limited Conveying capacities of the screw conveyors as a result, as well as the fact that they are only supported on one side, so that this alone also limits the size and the effectiveness of the overall system.
  • the connecting lines for the discharge of the sponge iron from the direct reduction shaft furnace open vertically in its lowest floor area, the dead volume previously considered inevitable by the screw discharge in the lateral direction for the sponge iron in the shaft furnace can be completely avoided and the shaft furnace at least by this amount be brought closer to the melter.
  • the length of the connecting lines is thus shortened not inconsiderably, and there is a greater variation possibility for direct routing which can be adapted more advantageously to the needs the connecting lines between the shaft furnace and the gasifier with the possibility of a more uniform distribution and mixing of the filling supplied to the melter gasifier, in particular also with respect to the middle of the gasifier.
  • the proportion of dust that is discharged with the raw gas through the gas outlets in the melter gasifier, on the other hand, is reduced even further, since the distance between the reducing gas outlets and the centrally combined inlet openings for the gasifying agents and the hot sponge iron in the selected arrangement are much further apart than that could be the case with the known device.
  • the screw conveyors are no longer arranged directly on the direct reduction shaft furnace and thus in the direction of movement of the hot sponge iron in front of the downpipes, but at the end of these connecting lines immediately before the sponge iron enters the melter gasifier, the load on the downpipes and the reduction unit is reduced with the preheated particulate matter, because this dust already deposited at the beginning in the screw passages of the discharge device and from there directly in the shortest possible way is immediately returned to the carburetor.
  • the reduction shaft furnace is approx. 2 m shorter because the dust and gas barrier between the screw conveyor and the gas inlet is no longer necessary. The low sinking speeds in these pipes resulting from the pulling of the hot sponge iron through the connecting lines, of approx.
  • the direct reduction shaft furnace is only indicated in the schematic drawing with respect to its lower base area, while the melter 2 is limited to the representation of its uppermost container area.
  • the connecting lines 4 each end away from the vertical side walls of the shaft furnace, and with their end remote from the outlet 8 in the inlet area of an associated discharge device 7 in the form of a screw conveyor for each connecting line 4.
  • Die Screw conveyors are arranged horizontally in a radial manner in relation to the longitudinal axis of the shaft furnace 1 or the melter gasifier 2 and connect the downpipes from the shaft furnace to inlets 9 in the melter gasifier 2.
  • the minimum length of the connecting lines 4 should be chosen so that the sponge iron column supported by them withstands the pressure difference between the shaft furnace and the carburetor, i.e. serves as a barrier between them. This minimum length should be at least 2 m. Furthermore, the inner diameter of the connecting lines 4 should be dimensioned such that bridges caused by the sponge iron are excluded with certainty. Therefore, inner diameters of at least 0.5 m, e.g. 0.8 m used.
  • a dome attachment 5 is provided on the top area of the melter gasifier 2, that is to say the upper end of the same, centrally to and in the direction of the longitudinal axis mentioned, which specifies a bell-like expansion of the melter gasifier at this point.
  • the inlet opening 3 for the gasification agent i.e. coal, coke or the like.
  • the inlets 9, which directly form the discharge openings of the screw conveyors 7, are perpendicular thereto and thus open into the area of the cylindrical side wall of the dome attachment 5.
  • the inlet openings 9 and 3 is located relatively far away in the top region of the melter gasifier wall, which in turn is circular-arc-shaped Arrangement of the outlets 6 for the raw or reducing gas.
  • the rate of entry of the sponge iron into the melter gasifier 2 is directly influenced by the screw conveyor 7, i.e. determined solely by their discharge, the sinking speed of the sponge iron within the downpipes 4 no longer playing a role in this.
  • the sponge iron together with the gasification agent falls largely centrally into the coal fluidized bed or also a fixed bed of the melter gasifier 1, from which a largely homogeneous division takes place automatically.
  • the outlets 6, which deliver a low-dust raw gas from the interior of the gasifier, are located from the central drop area of the coal and the sponge iron, although still arranged in the top area of the melting gasifier, but sufficiently distant.
  • dome attachments 5 can be arranged in the top region of such a carburetor shape.
  • a dome attachment is dispensed with, while maintaining the vertical outlets 8 in the bottom of the direct reduction shaft furnace 1 for the connecting lines 4, the ends of which opposite the outlets 8 open into discharge devices 7 arranged radially to the longitudinal axis and horizontally.
  • the discharge devices 7 designed as screw conveyors otherwise correspond in arrangement and design to those according to FIG. 1.
  • the discharge ends of the screw conveyors according to the embodiment according to FIG. 2 open into short angled, but essentially vertical pre-connections 10, which over a very short distance into the Open the interior of the melting gasifier 1.
  • the inlet opening 3 for the gasifying agent in alignment and in the direction of the longitudinal axis of the melter gasifier 2 or the direct reduction shaft furnace 1.
  • the arrangement can be made such that the distance between the inlet opening 3 and the inlets of the pipe socket 10 arranged around it is small compared to the distance to the outlets 6 for the raw or reducing gas. This results in equivalent advantages to the embodiment according to FIG. 1.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Metallurgy (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Manufacture Of Iron (AREA)
  • Furnace Charging Or Discharging (AREA)
  • Vertical, Hearth, Or Arc Furnaces (AREA)

Description

Die Erfindung bezieht sich auf eine Vorrichtung gemäß Oberbegriff des Anspruchs 1.The invention relates to a device according to the preamble of claim 1.

Derartige Vorrichtungen sind bereits bekannt (DE-PS 30 34 539). Dort ist der Direktreduktions-Schachtofen im Abstand über und fluchtend zu dem Einschmelzvergaser angeordnet. Im unteren Bereich des Schachtofens sind in waagerechter Anordnung senkrecht durch die Umfangswandung desselben geführt eine Mehrzahl von sternartig angeordneten Austragsvorrichtungen in Form von Schneckenförderern vorgesehen, die den Eisenschwamm über zugehörige Fallrohre aus diesem Bereich des Schachtofens austragen, von wo er über die Fallrohre unmittelbar in den Einschmelzvergaser abgegeben wird. Hierfür enden die Fallrohre im Topbereich des Einschmelzvergasers zentrisch um dessen Mittelachse und im Abstand hiervon und zueinander angeordnet. Unmittelbar neben den Einlaßstutzen dieser Verbindungsleitungen befinden sich dort auch die Einlaßöffnungen für das Vergasungsmittel, vorzugsweise Kohle, sowie gleichfalls die Auslässe für das Reduktionsgas bzw. das den Einschmelzvergaser verlassende Rohgas.Such devices are already known (DE-PS 30 34 539). There, the direct reduction shaft furnace is arranged at a distance above and in alignment with the melter gasifier. In the lower area of the shaft furnace, a plurality of star-shaped discharge devices in the form of screw conveyors are provided in a horizontal arrangement vertically through the circumferential wall thereof, which discharge the sponge iron from the area of the shaft furnace via associated downpipes, from where it flows directly into the melter gasifier via the downpipes is delivered. For this purpose, the downpipes end in the top area of the melter gasifier, arranged centrally around its central axis and at a distance from and from one another. Immediately next to the inlet connection of these connecting lines there are also the inlet openings for the gasification agent, preferably coal, as well as the outlets for the reducing gas or the raw gas leaving the melter gasifier.

Durch die Fallrohre ist der Einschmelzvergaser direkt mit dem Reduktions-Schachtofen verbunden. Auf diesem Wege gelangt neben dem unentstaubten Vergasergas eine große Staubmenge in den Reduktions-Schachtofen. Um die Staubmenge zu reduzieren und die daraus resultierenden Probleme zu begrenzen wird der Eintritt des Reduktionsgases zum Reduktions-Schachtofen mindestens 2 m oberhalb der Förderschnecken eingebracht, wobei die Schüttung in diesem Bereich als Gassperre dient. Dadurch ist die Höhe des Reduktions-Schachtofens ca 2 m größer als unbedingt erforderlich.The melter gasifier is directly connected to the reduction shaft furnace through the downpipes. In this way, a large amount of dust gets into the reduction shaft furnace in addition to the non-dedusted gasifier gas. To reduce the amount of dust and the resulting To limit the resulting problems, the inlet of the reducing gas to the reduction shaft furnace is introduced at least 2 m above the screw conveyors, the bed serving as a gas barrier in this area. As a result, the height of the reduction shaft furnace is approx. 2 m higher than is absolutely necessary.

Dadurch, daß die Förderschnecken in ihrer radialen Anordnung in die senkrecht verlaufenden Wandungsabschnitte im unteren Bereich des Reduktions-Schachtofens einmünden, ergibt sich zwischen der hierdurch definierten Ebene innerhalb des Ofenschachtes und seinem darunterliegenden Ofenboden ein Totraum, aus dem heraus der Eisenschwamm nicht gefördert wird, also in unwirtschaftlicher Weise am Verfahrensablauf nicht teilnimmt. Dieser Totraum vergrößert zwangsläufig auch den Abstand zwischen dem Schachtofen und dem darunter angeordneten Einschmelzvergaser, und verlängert so die Verbindungsleitungen zwischen den Austragsenden der Förderschnecken und dem Einschmelzvergaser. Diese nicht unerhebliche Länge der Verbindungsleitungen bzw. Fallrohre (ca. 10 m bei einer Anlage von 300.000 t/Jahr) zwischen Schachtofen und Vergaser kann für die Bewegung des Eisenschwamms durch diese Fallrohre hindurch zu undefinierten Bedingungen führen, da einerseits die Eisenpartikel vom Austragsende der Förderschnecken unmittelbar an die Ofenwandung des Schachtofens anschließend bis zum Einlaßende der Fallrohre in den Vergaser praktisch im freien Fall (bei geringeren Fördermengen) beschleunigt werden können, um dann mit bereits großer Geschwindigkeit in den Einschmelzvergaser und in desssen unteres Kohlefließbett einzudringen, während es andererseits bei größeren Fördermengen durch die Schneckenförderer infolge des im Gegenstrom zur Bewegungsrichtung der Eisenpartikel durch die Verbindungsleitungen strömenden heißen Reduktionsgases zum Zusammenbacken der Eisenpartikel bereits in der Verbindungsleitung kommen kann. Auch hat sich herausgestellt, daß eine gleichmäßige Verteilung und Vermischung der Beschickung des Einschmelzvergasers zwischen Vergasungsmitteln und heißem Eisenschwamm im Bereich des Kohlefließbettes bei dieser Anordnung nicht gewährleistet ist oder zumindest nicht ausreichend befriedigend sichergestellt werden kann. Diese Inhomogenität in der Beschickung macht sich insbesondere in der Vergasermitte nachteilig bemerkbar.Because the screw conveyors open in their radial arrangement into the vertical wall sections in the lower region of the reduction shaft furnace, there is a dead space between the plane defined thereby within the furnace shaft and its furnace floor underneath, from which the sponge iron is not conveyed, i.e. does not participate in the process in an uneconomical manner. This dead space inevitably also increases the distance between the shaft furnace and the melter gasifier arranged below, and thus lengthens the connecting lines between the discharge ends of the screw conveyors and the melter gasifier. This not inconsiderable length of the connecting lines or downpipes (approx. 10 m for a system of 300,000 t / year) between the shaft furnace and the carburettor can lead to undefined conditions for the movement of the sponge iron through these downpipes, because on the one hand the iron particles from the discharge end of the screw conveyors immediately after the furnace wall of the shaft furnace can be accelerated practically in free fall (with lower flow rates) to the inlet end of the downpipes into the carburetor, and then at an already high speed to penetrate into the melter gasifier and into the lower coal fluidized bed, while on the other hand, with larger conveying quantities by the screw conveyors, the iron particles can already cake together in the connecting line due to the hot reducing gas flowing through the connecting lines in countercurrent to the direction of movement of the iron particles. It has also been found that a uniform distribution and mixing of the feed of the melter gasifier between gasification agents and hot sponge iron in the area of the coal fluidized bed is not guaranteed with this arrangement, or at least cannot be ensured satisfactorily. This inhomogeneity in the feed is particularly noticeable in the middle of the gasifier.

Dadurch, daß im Topbereich des Einschmelzvergasers die Auslässe für das Rohgas unmittelbar neben den Einlässen für das Vergasungsmittel einerseits und dem Eisenschwamm andererseits liegen, ist die Staubentwicklung unmittelbar an den Reduktionsgasauslässen besonders hoch, und entsprechend hoch auch die Belastung des Rohgases mit Feinstaub. Dadurch, daß die Austragsvorrichtungen in Förderrichtung des Eisenschwammes vor den Fallrohren, zwischen dem Schachtofen und dem Einschmelzvergaser, nämlich unmittelbar in den seitlichen Wandungen des Ofens angeordnet sind, ergibt sich eine volumenmäßige Zwangssteuerung der durch die Fallrohre hindurchtretenden Eisenschwammenge, was zu erheblichen Verschleißerscheinungen der Fallrohre führt. Letztlich begrenzen sich auch die Förderleistungen der Förderschnecken hierdurch, wie auch durch die Tatsache, daß diese nur einseitig gelagert sind, so daß allein auch hierdurch eine Begrenzung der Größe und der Effektivität der Gesamtanlage gegeben ist.Because the outlets for the raw gas are located directly next to the inlets for the gasifying agent on the one hand and the sponge iron on the other hand, in the top area of the melter gasifier, the dust development directly at the reducing gas outlets is particularly high, and correspondingly high is the pollution of the raw gas with fine dust. The fact that the discharge devices are arranged in the conveying direction of the sponge iron in front of the downpipes, between the shaft furnace and the melter gasifier, namely directly in the side walls of the furnace, results in a volume control of the amount of sponge iron passing through the downpipes, which leads to considerable wear and tear on the downpipes . Ultimately, they are also limited Conveying capacities of the screw conveyors as a result, as well as the fact that they are only supported on one side, so that this alone also limits the size and the effectiveness of the overall system.

Hier setzt die vorliegende Erfindung ein, der die Aufgabe zugrunde liegt, eine Vorrichtung der eingangs genannten Art dahingehend weiter zu verbessern, daß die durch die erhebliche Länge der Verbindungsleitungen zwischen Schachtofen und Vergaser und die Art ihrer Anschlüsse im unteren Bereich des Schachtofens wie auch im Topbereich des Vergasers sich, wie vorstehend beschrieben, ergebenden Nachteile vermieden werden. Die Lösung dieser Aufgabe wird erfindungsgemäß durch die im Kennzeichen des Anspruchs 1 gegebenen Merkmale erreicht.This is where the present invention begins, which is based on the object of further improving a device of the type mentioned in that the considerable length of the connecting lines between the shaft furnace and the carburetor and the type of their connections in the lower region of the shaft furnace and in the top region of the carburetor, as described above, resulting disadvantages can be avoided. This object is achieved according to the invention by the features given in the characterizing part of claim 1.

Vorteilhafte Ausgestaltungen und Weiterbildungen dieser Aufgabenlösung ergeben sich aus den Unteransprüchen.Advantageous refinements and developments of this task solution result from the subclaims.

Dadurch, daß die Verbindungsleitungen für den Austrag des Eisenschwamms aus dem Direktreduktions-Schachtofen in dessen untersten Bodenbereich senkrecht einmünden, kann das bisher durch den Schneckenaustrag in seitlicher Richtung als unvermeidlich angesehene Totvolumen für den Eisenschwamm im Schachtofen vollständig vermieden werden und der Schachtofen zumindest um diesen Betrag näher am Einschmelzvergaser in Stellung gebracht werden. Die Länge der Verbindungsleitungen verkürzt sich damit nicht unerheblich, und es besteht eine größere, den Bedürfnissen vorteilhafter anpaßbare Variationsmöglichkeit für die direkte Führung der Verbindungsleitungen zwischen Schachtofen und Vergaser mit der Möglichkeit einer gleichmäßigeren Verteilung und Vermischung der dem Einschmelzvergaser zugeführten Möllerung insbesondere auch bezogen auf die Vergasermitte.Because the connecting lines for the discharge of the sponge iron from the direct reduction shaft furnace open vertically in its lowest floor area, the dead volume previously considered inevitable by the screw discharge in the lateral direction for the sponge iron in the shaft furnace can be completely avoided and the shaft furnace at least by this amount be brought closer to the melter. The length of the connecting lines is thus shortened not inconsiderably, and there is a greater variation possibility for direct routing which can be adapted more advantageously to the needs the connecting lines between the shaft furnace and the gasifier with the possibility of a more uniform distribution and mixing of the filling supplied to the melter gasifier, in particular also with respect to the middle of the gasifier.

Die nahe um die Längsachse des Einschmelzvergasers konzentrierten und damit praktisch zusammengefaßten Einlässe für die Vergasungsmittel einerseits und den heißen Eisenschwamm andererseits führen dazu, daß der Staubanteil, der vorwiegend im Eingabebereich des Kohle- bzw. Koksstaubs anfällt, von dem eintretenden Eisenschwamm gewissermaßen adsorbiert und mitgerissen wird, wodurch die Staubanreicherung, insbesondere im Topbereich des Einschmelzvergasers, erheblich reduziert werden kann. Der Staubanteil, der mit dem Rohgas durch die Gasauslässe im Einschmelzvergaser abgeführt wird, verringert sich demgegenüber noch weiter, da der Abstand zwischen den Reduktionsgasauslässen und den zentrisch zusammengefaßten Einlaßöffnungen für die Vergasungsmittel und den heißen Eisenschwamm bei der gewählten Anordnung wesentlich weiter auseinander liegen, als das bei der bekannten Vorrichtung der Fall sein konnte.The inlets for the gasification agent on the one hand and the hot sponge iron, which are concentrated around the longitudinal axis of the melter gasifier and thus practically combined, lead to the fact that the dust content, which mainly occurs in the input area of the coal or coke dust, is adsorbed and carried away by the incoming sponge iron , whereby the dust accumulation, especially in the top area of the melter, can be significantly reduced. The proportion of dust that is discharged with the raw gas through the gas outlets in the melter gasifier, on the other hand, is reduced even further, since the distance between the reducing gas outlets and the centrally combined inlet openings for the gasifying agents and the hot sponge iron in the selected arrangement are much further apart than that could be the case with the known device.

Dadurch, daß die Förderschnecken nicht mehr unmittelbar am Direktreduktions-Schachtofen und damit in Bewegungsrichtung des heißen Eisenschwammes vor den Fallrohren angeordnet sind, sondern am Ende dieser Verbindungsleitungen unmittelbar vor dem Eintritt des Eisenschwamms in den Einschmelzvergaser, wird die Belastung der Fallrohre, wie auch des Reduktionsaggregates mit dem vorerwärmten Feinstaub noch zusätzlich herabgesetzt, da dieser Staub bereits am Anfang in den Schneckengängen der Austragsvorrichtung abgeschieden und von dort unmittelbar unter kürzestem Wege jeweils sofort in den Vergaser zurückbefördert wird. Der Reduktions-Schachtofen wird um ca. 2 m kürzer, da die Staubund Gassperre zwischen Förderschnecken und Gaseintritt nicht mehr erforderlich ist. Die sich durch das Hindurchziehen des heißen Eisenschwammes durch die Verbindungsleitungen ergebende geringe Sinkgeschwindigkeiten in diesen Rohren, von ca. 0,003 m bei 4 Fallrohren mit einem lichtem Durchmesser von 0,8 m, führt zu einer starken Herabsetzung der bisher beobachteten Verschleißerscheinung dieser Fallrohre. Die kürzeren und/oder im Durchmesser geringer ausgeführte Förderschnecken werden weniger Energie benötigen, was einen weiteren Vorteil dieser Anordnung mit sich bringt.Characterized in that the screw conveyors are no longer arranged directly on the direct reduction shaft furnace and thus in the direction of movement of the hot sponge iron in front of the downpipes, but at the end of these connecting lines immediately before the sponge iron enters the melter gasifier, the load on the downpipes and the reduction unit is reduced with the preheated particulate matter, because this dust already deposited at the beginning in the screw passages of the discharge device and from there directly in the shortest possible way is immediately returned to the carburetor. The reduction shaft furnace is approx. 2 m shorter because the dust and gas barrier between the screw conveyor and the gas inlet is no longer necessary. The low sinking speeds in these pipes resulting from the pulling of the hot sponge iron through the connecting lines, of approx. 0.003 m with 4 downpipes with a clear diameter of 0.8 m, leads to a sharp reduction in the wear and tear of these downpipes observed so far. The shorter and / or smaller-diameter conveyor screws will require less energy, which has another advantage of this arrangement.

Verringerung der Bauhöhe der Gesamtanlage, Verkleinerung des Schachtofenvolumens, geringere Reparaturanfälligkeit und sicherere Arbeitsweise der Förderschnecken führen zu wirtschaftlicherer Arbeitsweise bei veringerten Investitionen.Reduction in the overall height of the overall system, reduction in the volume of the shaft furnace, lower susceptibility to repairs and safer operation of the screw conveyors lead to more economical operation with reduced investments.

Anhand der beiliegenden Zeichnung, die zwei bevorzugte Ausführungsformen der vorliegenden Erfindung im Längsschnitt schematisiert und teilweise wiedergibt, soll die vorliegende Erfindung näher erläutert werden.The present invention is to be explained in more detail with reference to the accompanying drawing, which schematically shows and partially reproduces two preferred embodiments of the present invention in longitudinal section.

Es zeigen:

Fig. 1
Einen Schnitt durch eine erfindungsgemäße Vorrichtung, bei der die Einlässe für das Vergasungsmittel und den heißen Eisenschwamm in einen Kuppelaufsatz einmünden und
Fig. 2
eine Darstellung gemäß Fig. 1, bei der anstelle des Kuppelaufsatzes kurze zusätzliche Rohrstutzen vorgesehen sind, die die Schneckenförderer mit dem inneren des Einschmelzvergasers in dessen Topbereich verbinden.

Show it:
Fig. 1
A section through a device according to the invention, in which the inlets for the gasifying agent and flow the hot sponge iron into a dome attachment and
Fig. 2
a representation of FIG. 1, in which instead of the dome short additional pipe sockets are provided which connect the screw conveyor with the interior of the melter in its top area.

Der Direktreduktions-Schachtofen ist in der schematisierten Zeichnung, nur in bezug auf seinen unteren Bodenbereich angedeutet, während der Einschmelzvergaser 2 auf die Darstellung seines obersten Behälterbereiches beschränkt ist. Die im wesentlichen senkrecht zwischen dem Direktreduktions-Schachtofen 1 und dem Einschmelzvergaser 2 angeordneten Verbindungsleitungen 4, münden direkt im waagerecht oder leicht gewölbt ausgebildeten Boden des Schachtofens. Von den Verbindungsleitungen 4 sind in der Schnittdarstellung jeweils nur zwei wiedergegeben, in bekannter Weise ist jedoch eine Mehrzahl solcher Fallrohre im Abstand zueinander entlang eines Kreisringes, dessen Mittelpunkt die Längsachse des Schachtofens bildet, angeordnet. Unabhängig vom Abstand der Auslässe 8 für den Eisenschwamm von dieser Mittelachse enden die Verbindungsleitungen 4 jeweils entfernt von den senkrechten Seitenwandungen des Schachtofens, und mit ihrem dem Auslaß 8 entfernt liegenden Ende im Einlaßbereich einer zugehörigen Austragsvorrichtung 7 in Form einer Förderschnecke für jede Verbindungsleitung 4. Die Förderschnecken sind sternartig, bezogen auf die Längsachse des Schachtofens 1 bzw. des Einschmelzvergasers 2, in radialer Richtung waagerecht angeordnet und verbinden die Fallrohre vom Schachtofen hin zu Einlässen 9 in den Einschmelzvergaser 2.The direct reduction shaft furnace is only indicated in the schematic drawing with respect to its lower base area, while the melter 2 is limited to the representation of its uppermost container area. The connecting lines 4, which are arranged essentially vertically between the direct reduction shaft furnace 1 and the melter gasifier 2, open directly into the bottom of the shaft furnace, which is of horizontal or slightly curved shape. Only two of the connecting lines 4 are shown in the sectional view, but in a known manner a plurality of such downpipes are arranged at a distance from one another along a circular ring, the center of which forms the longitudinal axis of the shaft furnace. Regardless of the distance of the outlets 8 for the sponge iron from this central axis, the connecting lines 4 each end away from the vertical side walls of the shaft furnace, and with their end remote from the outlet 8 in the inlet area of an associated discharge device 7 in the form of a screw conveyor for each connecting line 4. Die Screw conveyors are arranged horizontally in a radial manner in relation to the longitudinal axis of the shaft furnace 1 or the melter gasifier 2 and connect the downpipes from the shaft furnace to inlets 9 in the melter gasifier 2.

Die Mindestlänge der Verbindungsleitungen 4 sollte so gewählt werden, daß die von ihnen aufgenommene Eisenschwamm-Schüttsäule der Druckdifferenz zwischen dem Schachtofen und dem Vergaser standhält, d.h. als Sperrorgan zwischen diesen dient. Diese Mindestlänge sollte mindestens 2 m betragen. Weiterhin sollte der Innendurchmesser der Verbindungsleitungen 4 so bemessen sein, daß Brückenbildungen durch den Eisenschwamm mit Sicherheit ausgeschlossen sind. Es werden daher vorzugsweise Innendurchmesser von mindestens 0,5 m, z.B. 0,8 m verwendet.The minimum length of the connecting lines 4 should be chosen so that the sponge iron column supported by them withstands the pressure difference between the shaft furnace and the carburetor, i.e. serves as a barrier between them. This minimum length should be at least 2 m. Furthermore, the inner diameter of the connecting lines 4 should be dimensioned such that bridges caused by the sponge iron are excluded with certainty. Therefore, inner diameters of at least 0.5 m, e.g. 0.8 m used.

Bei der Ausführungsform nach Fig. 1 ist auf den Topbereich des Einschmelzvergasers 2, also den oberen Abschluß desselben, zentrisch zur und in Richtung der genannten Längsachse ein Kuppelaufsatz 5 vorgesehen, der eine glockenartige Erweiterung des Einschmelzvergasers an dieser Stelle vorgibt. Wiederum hierzu mittig und senkrecht auf den Kuppelaufsatz 5 führt in diesen, in der dargestellten Weise, die Einlaßöffnung 3 für das Vergasungsmittel, also Kohle, Koks oder dgl., während die Einlässe 9, die unmittelbar die Austragsöffnungen der Schneckenförderer 7 bilden, senkrecht hierzu stehen und damit in den Bereich der zylindrischen Seitenwand des Kuppelaufsatzes 5 münden. In bezug auf den Kuppelaufsatz 5 und damit die Einlaßöffnungen 9 und 3 relativ weit entfernt befindet sich im Topbereich der Einschmelzvergaserwandung die wiederum kreisbogenförmige Anordnung der Auslässe 6 für das Roh- bzw. Reduktionsgas.In the embodiment according to FIG. 1, a dome attachment 5 is provided on the top area of the melter gasifier 2, that is to say the upper end of the same, centrally to and in the direction of the longitudinal axis mentioned, which specifies a bell-like expansion of the melter gasifier at this point. Again in the middle and perpendicular to the dome 5 leads in this, in the manner shown, the inlet opening 3 for the gasification agent, i.e. coal, coke or the like. While the inlets 9, which directly form the discharge openings of the screw conveyors 7, are perpendicular thereto and thus open into the area of the cylindrical side wall of the dome attachment 5. With respect to the dome attachment 5 and thus the inlet openings 9 and 3 is located relatively far away in the top region of the melter gasifier wall, which in turn is circular-arc-shaped Arrangement of the outlets 6 for the raw or reducing gas.

Die Eintrittsgeschwindigkeit des Eisenschwamms in den Einschmelzvergaser 2 wird durch die seitliche Einbringung desselben unmittelbar durch die Schnekkenförderer 7, d.h. allein durch deren Austrag bestimmt, wobei die Sinkgeschwindigkeit des Eisenschwamms innerhalb der Fallrohre 4 hierfür keine Rolle mehr spielt. Die mittige innerhalb des Kuppelaufsatzes 5 zusammengefaßte Zugabe sowohl des Vergasungsmittels über die Einlaßöffnung 3 als auch des heißen Eisenschwamms über die Austragsvorrichtung 7 konzentriert die Staubbildung von Kohle, Koks oder dgl. innerhalb dieses Kuppelaufsatzes 5, der dann zwangsläufig durch den Eisenschwamm weiter in den Innenraum des Einschmelzvergasers mitgerissen wird. Der Eisenschwamm fällt zusammen mit dem Vergasungsmittel weitgehend zentrisch in das Kohlefließbett oder auch ein Festbett des Einschmelzvergasers 1, von wo aus automatisch eine weitgehend homogene Teilung erfolgt. Vom zentrischen Fallbereich der Kohle und des Eisenschwammes, zwar noch im Topbereich des Einschmelzvergasers angeordnet, aber ausreichend entfernt, liegen die ein staubarmes Rohgas aus dem Innenraum des Vergasers ausbringenden Auslässe 6.The rate of entry of the sponge iron into the melter gasifier 2 is directly influenced by the screw conveyor 7, i.e. determined solely by their discharge, the sinking speed of the sponge iron within the downpipes 4 no longer playing a role in this. The central summarized within the dome attachment 5 addition of both the gasifying agent via the inlet opening 3 and the hot sponge iron via the discharge device 7 concentrates the dust formation of coal, coke or the like Melting gasifier is entrained. The sponge iron together with the gasification agent falls largely centrally into the coal fluidized bed or also a fixed bed of the melter gasifier 1, from which a largely homogeneous division takes place automatically. The outlets 6, which deliver a low-dust raw gas from the interior of the gasifier, are located from the central drop area of the coal and the sponge iron, although still arranged in the top area of the melting gasifier, but sufficiently distant.

Für den Fall, daß der waagerechte Querschnitt des Einschmelzvergasers nicht wie allgemein üblich rund ausgebildet ist, sondern oval oder eine andere Formgebung besitzt, können mehrere solcher Kuppelaufsätze 5 im Topbereich einer solchen Vergaserform angeordnet werden.In the event that the horizontal cross section of the melter gasifier is not round, as is generally customary, but is oval or has another shape, several such dome attachments 5 can be arranged in the top region of such a carburetor shape.

In der Ausführungsform nach Fig. 2 wird auf einen Kuppelaufsatz verzichtet, wobei unter Beibehaltung der senkrechten Auslässe 8 im Boden des Direktreduktions-Schachtofens 1 für die Verbindungsleitungen 4, deren den Auslässen 8 entgegengesetztes Ende in radial zur Längsachse und waagerecht angeordneten Austragsvorrichtungen 7 mündet. Die als Schneckenförderer ausgebildeten Austragsvorrichtungen 7 entsprechen ansonsten in Anordnung und Ausführung denjenigen nach Fig. 1. Die Austragsenden der Schneckenförderer nach der Ausbildung gemäß Fig. 2 münden in kurze abgewinkelte, jedoch im wesentlichen senkrechte Vorstutzen 10 ein, die über eine sehr kurze Distanz in den Innenraum des Einschmelzvergasers 1 einmünden. Mittig zu den im zentrischen Topbereich des Einschmelzvergasers auf einem Kreis angeordneten Rohrstutzen 10 befindet sich fluchtend und in Richtung der Längsachse des Einschmelzvergasers 2 bzw. des Direktreduktions-Schachtofens 1 die Einlaßöffnung 3 für das Vergasungsmittel. Auch hier kann die Anordnung wieder so getroffen werden, daß der Abstand zwischen der Einlaßöffnung 3 und den um diese herum angeordneten Einlässen der Rohrstutzen 10 klein gegenüber dem Abstand zu den Auslässen 6 für das Roh- bzw. Reduktionsgas ist. Damit ergeben sich äquivalente Vorteile zu der Ausführungsform gemäß Fig. 1. Auch hier vermindert sich insbesondere durch starke Zugabe des Eisenschwammes über die Schneckenförderer die Eintrittsgeschwindigkeit in den Vergaser, was zu längeren Verweilzeiten des Eisenschwammes in der heißen aus Koks- und/oder Kohlestücken gebildeten Wirbelschicht im Vergaser führt. Für den Fall, daß ein Festbett vergaser zur Anwendung kommt, gilt dieses entsprechend, was letztlich ein besseres Aufschmelzen des Eisenschwamms sicherstellt.In the embodiment according to FIG. 2, a dome attachment is dispensed with, while maintaining the vertical outlets 8 in the bottom of the direct reduction shaft furnace 1 for the connecting lines 4, the ends of which opposite the outlets 8 open into discharge devices 7 arranged radially to the longitudinal axis and horizontally. The discharge devices 7 designed as screw conveyors otherwise correspond in arrangement and design to those according to FIG. 1. The discharge ends of the screw conveyors according to the embodiment according to FIG. 2 open into short angled, but essentially vertical pre-connections 10, which over a very short distance into the Open the interior of the melting gasifier 1. In the center of the pipe stub 10 arranged in a circle in the central top area of the melter gasifier, there is the inlet opening 3 for the gasifying agent in alignment and in the direction of the longitudinal axis of the melter gasifier 2 or the direct reduction shaft furnace 1. Again, the arrangement can be made such that the distance between the inlet opening 3 and the inlets of the pipe socket 10 arranged around it is small compared to the distance to the outlets 6 for the raw or reducing gas. This results in equivalent advantages to the embodiment according to FIG. 1. Here, too, especially as a result of the strong addition of the sponge iron via the screw conveyors, the entry speed into the gasifier is reduced, which leads to longer residence times of the sponge iron in the hot fluidized bed formed from coke and / or coal pieces leads in the carburetor. In the event that a fixed bed carburetor is used, this applies accordingly, which ultimately ensures a better melting of the sponge iron.

Claims (9)

1. Device for charging fuel and sponge iron, which has been expelled from a direct-reduction shaft furnace arranged above the melting furnace, into a melting furnace comprising in the lower section of the shaft furnace inlets and outlets, in the upper section of the furnace connecting pipes extending symmetrically relative to the longitudinal axis of the shaft furnace and/or the furnace in the form of funnels between the shaft furnace and the furnace, and delivery means for the sponge iron arranged radially to this longitudinal axis, such as feed screws or the like, characterised in that the connecting pipes (4) for the delivery of the sponge iron from the direct-reduction funnel furnace (1) transit into its lowermost substantially horizontally extending ground area at least substantially vertically, in that the delivery means (7) are arranged at the inlets (9, 10) of the melting furnace in the output direction behind the connecting pipes (4), and in that the inlet (3) for the fuel is positioned in and centrally to the longitudinal axis of the melting furnace (2) immediately adjacent to the inlets (9, 10).
2. Device according to claim 1, characterised in that the inlets (9) for the sponge iron and the central inlet aperture (3) for the fuel terminate in the melting furnace (2) within a dome top (5) of the melting furnace (2).
3. Device according to claim 2, characterised in that the inlets (9) terminate vertically relative to the longitudinal axis of the furnace (2), and the inlet (3) centrally in the longitudinal axis of the melting furnace and, in consequence, also of the dome top (5).
4. Device according to at least one of claims 1 to 3, characterised in that the delivery means (7), which are disposed radially and horizontally to the inlets (9) which extend vertically to the longitudinal axis of the furnace (2) and into which means the connecting pipes (4) run at sections remote of the inlets (9), terminate in said inlets.
5. Device according to claim 1, characterised in that substantially vertically extending short pipe sockets (10) are arranged between the delivery end of the delivery means (7) provided at the end of the connecting pipes (4) and the inlet (9) into the melting furnace.
6. Device according to one of claims 1 to 6, characterised in that the connecting pipes (4) serving as blocking elements are of such minimum length that the accommodated pig iron column compensates the pressure difference between direct-reduction shaft furnace (1) and melting furnace (2).
7. Device according to claim 6, characterised in that the connecting pipes (4) have a minimum length of 2 m.
8. Device according to one of claims 1 to 7, characterised in that the connecting pipes (4) have a clearance which excludes the formation of a bridge by the pig iron.
9. Device according to claim 8, characterised in that the connecting pipes (4) have a clearance diameter of at least 0.5 m.
EP88109788A 1987-07-13 1988-06-20 Method for charging fuel and sponge iron into a melting furnace Expired - Lifetime EP0299231B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE3723137A DE3723137C1 (en) 1987-07-13 1987-07-13 Device for feeding a melter gasifier with gasifying agents and sponge iron
DE3723137 1987-07-13

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EP0299231A1 EP0299231A1 (en) 1989-01-18
EP0299231B1 true EP0299231B1 (en) 1991-07-24

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US (1) US4898366A (en)
EP (1) EP0299231B1 (en)
JP (1) JPS6433494A (en)
KR (1) KR960001711B1 (en)
AT (1) AT396254B (en)
AU (1) AU610190B2 (en)
BR (1) BR8803524A (en)
CA (1) CA1310827C (en)
DD (1) DD274449A5 (en)
DE (2) DE3723137C1 (en)
SU (1) SU1591815A3 (en)
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US5320676A (en) * 1992-10-06 1994-06-14 Bechtel Group, Inc. Low slag iron making process with injecting coolant
US5397376A (en) * 1992-10-06 1995-03-14 Bechtel Group, Inc. Method of providing fuel for an iron making process
US6197088B1 (en) 1992-10-06 2001-03-06 Bechtel Group, Inc. Producing liquid iron having a low sulfur content
US5958107A (en) * 1993-12-15 1999-09-28 Bechtel Croup, Inc. Shift conversion for the preparation of reducing gas
DE19623246C1 (en) 1996-05-30 1997-10-02 Voest Alpine Ind Anlagen Loading of melting gasifier with gasifying agents and sponge iron@
DE102008026835A1 (en) 2008-06-05 2009-12-17 Kurt Himmelfreundpointner Conveyable material e.g. foam particle feeding method for shaft furnace in cement production, involves conveying air or gas into starting region of lance through mechanical conveyor operating at zero pressure
CN102947470A (en) * 2010-06-23 2013-02-27 Posco公司 Furnace having even distribution of gas
AT511206B1 (en) * 2011-05-19 2012-10-15 Siemens Vai Metals Tech Gmbh METHOD AND DEVICE FOR CHARGING CARBONATED MATERIAL AND ICE CARRIER MATERIAL
CN103409577B (en) * 2013-08-10 2015-09-09 山西鑫立能源科技有限公司 Continuous external heating type reducing gas direct-reduced iron method
EP3150729A1 (en) 2015-10-02 2017-04-05 Primetals Technologies Austria GmbH Method and device for feeding iron carrier material

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AT390622B (en) * 1988-10-25 1990-06-11 Voest Alpine Ind Anlagen METHOD AND INSTALLATION FOR THE PRODUCTION OF LIQUID PIG IRON

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DE3723137C1 (en) 1989-03-16
EP0299231A1 (en) 1989-01-18
ZA884677B (en) 1989-03-29
JPS6433494A (en) 1989-02-03
KR960001711B1 (en) 1996-02-03
AT396254B (en) 1993-07-26
ATA178988A (en) 1992-11-15
DE3863862D1 (en) 1991-08-29
AU1845288A (en) 1989-01-19
BR8803524A (en) 1989-02-08
SU1591815A3 (en) 1990-09-07
DD274449A5 (en) 1989-12-20
AU610190B2 (en) 1991-05-16
CA1310827C (en) 1992-12-01
US4898366A (en) 1990-02-06
JPH0239581B2 (en) 1990-09-06
KR890002425A (en) 1989-04-10

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