EP0296896A1 - Chambre d'extinction d'arc à pression élevée - Google Patents

Chambre d'extinction d'arc à pression élevée Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0296896A1
EP0296896A1 EP88401150A EP88401150A EP0296896A1 EP 0296896 A1 EP0296896 A1 EP 0296896A1 EP 88401150 A EP88401150 A EP 88401150A EP 88401150 A EP88401150 A EP 88401150A EP 0296896 A1 EP0296896 A1 EP 0296896A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
housing
movable contact
compartment
arc
extinguishing chamber
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Pending
Application number
EP88401150A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
Pierre Batteux
Jean-Pierre Nereau
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Merlin Gerin SA
Original Assignee
Merlin Gerin SA
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Merlin Gerin SA filed Critical Merlin Gerin SA
Publication of EP0296896A1 publication Critical patent/EP0296896A1/fr
Pending legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01HELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H1/00Contacts
    • H01H1/12Contacts characterised by the manner in which co-operating contacts engage
    • H01H1/14Contacts characterised by the manner in which co-operating contacts engage by abutting
    • H01H1/20Bridging contacts
    • H01H1/2041Rotating bridge
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01HELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H33/00High-tension or heavy-current switches with arc-extinguishing or arc-preventing means
    • H01H33/02Details
    • H01H33/04Means for extinguishing or preventing arc between current-carrying parts
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01HELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H9/00Details of switching devices, not covered by groups H01H1/00 - H01H7/00
    • H01H9/30Means for extinguishing or preventing arc between current-carrying parts
    • H01H9/302Means for extinguishing or preventing arc between current-carrying parts wherein arc-extinguishing gas is evolved from stationary parts
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01HELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H73/00Protective overload circuit-breaking switches in which excess current opens the contacts by automatic release of mechanical energy stored by previous operation of a hand reset mechanism
    • H01H73/02Details
    • H01H73/04Contacts
    • H01H73/045Bridging contacts

Definitions

  • the invention relates to an arc extinguishing chamber for an electrical appliance, in particular a circuit breaker or a current limiting block, comprising separable contacts, housed inside a housing made of insulating material, the movable contact being stressed in the open position by the pressure generated by the arc drawn between the contacts after separation, and a compression piston separated from the walls of the housing by a predetermined clearance J dividing the internal volume of the housing into a first compartment generating pressure under the action of the arc, and a second compartment communicating with said first compartment through clearance J, the volumes of the two elementary compartments varying in opposite directions to one another during the displacement of the movable contact.
  • the extinction of the electric arc does not occur by deionization by means of a stack of metal separators, but results from the pressure generated by the arc itself.
  • the separation of the contacts is effected by the action of an excitation winding arranged coaxially around the contacts and electrically inserted in series with the latter.
  • the movable contact is made of magnetic material, and the housing has a plurality of exhaust slots intended to reduce the pressure inside the housing.
  • the object of the invention is to simplify the production of an arc extinguishing chamber at high pressure for a low voltage switching device.
  • the chamber according to the invention is characterized in that: - the housing is almost waterproof, the movable contact substantially follows the internal configuration of the housing by playing the role of said piston, the arrangement in a loop of said contacts to form means of rapid opening by electrodynamic repulsion occurring as soon as a short-circuit current appears, followed by the piston effect of the mobile contact by the pressure generated by the arc .
  • the pressure in the second compartment is lower than that generated by the arc in the first compartment during the extinction phase.
  • the clearance between the movable contact and the chamber is minimal. It follows that the leakage section SF formed between the two compartments must be substantially less than the section SC of the movable contact.
  • the leakage section SF is defined by the clearance J between the housing and the periphery of said movable contact, the sections SC and SF being measured in a plane perpendicular to the direction of movement of the movable contact.
  • the movable bridge-shaped contact moves in translation inside the chamber, and the bridge is secured to an actuating rod passing through the wall of the housing through an opening located on the side of the second compartment.
  • Magnetic circuits can be associated with the chamber to strengthen the magnetic field, and accelerate the movable contact to the open position.
  • the movable contact with double electrodynamic repulsion is mounted with limited rotation on a shaft, and comprises an intermediate boss in the form of a ball joint intended to cooperate with the internal wall of the housing to maintain the seal between the elementary compartments from the room.
  • an arc extinguishing chamber 10 of an electrical appliance comprises a housing 12 of gas-generating insulating material containing a pair of fixed contacts 14, 16 cooperating in the closed position of the appliance with a contact mobile 18 in the form of a bridge.
  • Each fixed contact 14,16 is carried by a current supply conductor 15,17 embedded in the wall of the housing 12 and ending in a connection pad 20,22.
  • the movable contact 18 in translation is coupled to an insulating control rod 24, which crosses with reduced play the housing 12 through an opening 26.
  • the extension of the control rod 24 is equipped with a positioning tab 28 capable of sliding in a blind guide groove 30 formed in the housing 12, extending axially in the first compartment 32.
  • the structure of the chamber 10 is symmetrical with respect to the axial median plane passing through the rod 24.
  • the rod 24 is connected to a operating mechanism (no represented).
  • the chamber 10 is almost sealed, since the internal volume communicates with the outside via the small gap existing between the opening 26 and the rod 24.
  • the movable contact bridge 18 substantially matches the internal configuration of the housing 12, and plays the role of movable piston separating the chamber 10 into two zones or compartments, elementary 32,34 having different pressures during the phase of extinction of the arc.
  • the first lower zone 32 is delimited between the bridge 18 and the base 36 serving to support the fixed contacts 14, 16.
  • the arc arises in the first zone 32, and reacts with the gas-generating material of the housing 12, to generate a pressure capable of accelerating the movement of the movable contact 18 towards the open position.
  • the second upper zone 34 of the chamber 10 is confined between the bridge, opposite the contact parts cooperating with the corresponding fixed contacts 14, 16, and the upper internal face 38 of the housing 12 in which the opening 26 is located. central passage of the control rod 24.
  • the volumes of the two elementary zones 32, 34 vary in opposite directions to one another during the translational movement of the movable contact 18, and the gap between the rod 24 and the opening 26 serves as a means of communication of the second zone 34 with the outside environment.
  • the low gap value minimizes leaks to the outside.
  • the pressure generated inside the chamber 10 must be maximum to interrupt the arc quickly.
  • the internal pressure naturally depends on the intensity of the current passing through the pole, and can reach a peak value of more than 100 bars when the leakage section SF which takes account of the mean clearance J between the bridge and the four internal walls between the two zones 32, 34 of the housing 12, is less than the section SC of the movable contact 18 (see FIG. 2), said sections SF and SC being measured in a plane perpendicular to the direction of movement of the movable contact 18.
  • As a result game J must have a minimum value, just sufficient to allow displacement without friction of the movable contact 18 inside the chamber 10.
  • the contact section SC amounts to 90 mm2 for a leakage section SF of 40 mm2 between the two zones 32 and 34.
  • Such an arc extinguishing chamber 10 can be integrated into a low voltage circuit breaker, with or without limiting effect, a contactor or a current limiting block.
  • the operation of the arc extinguishing chamber 10 according to FIGS. 1 and 2 is as follows: - when the movement of the movable contact 18 is controlled by the control rod 24 of the mechanism, for example during the passage of an overload current in the pole detected by the trigger, the separation of the contacts l4, l6, l8 generates an arc in the first zone 32. The pressure generated by the arc is sufficient to cause the arc to self-extinguish. - In the event of a short-circuit current, the initial displacement of the movable contact 18 comes from the electrodynamic repulsion resulting from the loop arrangement of the contacts 14,16,18. The arc drawn between the contacts causes a rise in pressure in the first zone 32 which propels the movable contact 18 towards the open position before the intervention of the mechanism.
  • the pressure in the chamber 10 is used to improve the dielectric strength between the separated contacts, and to increase the speed of separation of the contacts making it possible to quickly obtain a high arc voltage conducive to extinction of the arc.
  • the chamber 40 also has two magnetic circuits 42,44 in the form of rectangular frames surrounding the interruption zones so as to participate in the acceleration of the movable contact 18 towards the open position (see arrow F, FIG. 4).
  • the displacement of the movable contact 18 thus results from the pressure generated inside the chamber 40, and from the interaction of the magnetic field on the current flowing in the movable contact 18.
  • the field is reinforced by the presence of the two magnetic circuits 42.44 arranged on either side of the rod 24.
  • the arc extinguishing chamber 50 is equipped with a rotary double contact 52 housed inside a sealed housing 12.
  • Each fixed contact 14, 16 is carried by a current supply conductor 54, 56 in the form of brackets, and the movable contact 52 is mounted on a central control shaft 58.
  • the intermediate periphery of the movable contact 52 is provided with a double boss 60 in the form of a ball joint intended to cooperate with the internal wall of the housing 12 to maintain the seal between the various compartments 62, 64; 66,68 of the chamber 50.
  • the movable contact 52 follows the internal shape of the housing 12 with interposition of the clearance J, and the compartments 62 and 66 located respectively between the fixed contacts 14,16 and the movable contact 52 are the seat of the increase in pressure due to the presence of the arc when the device is opened.
  • the movable contact 52 plays the role of a double rotary piston controlled by the shaft 58 and by the pressure generated in the compartments 62 and 66. In the open position (FIG. 7), the volume of the compartments 62,66 is maximum , and the volume of the compartments 68, 64 is canceled out by the maximum rotation of the movable contact 52 abutting against stops 70, 72 of the housing 12.
  • the insulating material of the housing 12 is based on polymer, but it is clear that it could be made of another less gaseous material. In this case, arc guide cheeks of a material having gas-generating properties can be incorporated in the housing 12 at the level of the arc-forming zone. In FIGS. 1 to 7, the contact pressure springs have not been shown.

Landscapes

  • Arc-Extinguishing Devices That Are Switches (AREA)
  • Circuit Breakers (AREA)
EP88401150A 1987-06-18 1988-05-11 Chambre d'extinction d'arc à pression élevée Pending EP0296896A1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR8708583A FR2616957A1 (fr) 1987-06-18 1987-06-18 Chambre d'extinction d'arc a pression elevee
FR8708583 1987-06-18

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0296896A1 true EP0296896A1 (fr) 1988-12-28

Family

ID=9352238

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP88401150A Pending EP0296896A1 (fr) 1987-06-18 1988-05-11 Chambre d'extinction d'arc à pression élevée

Country Status (4)

Country Link
US (1) US4883931A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
EP (1) EP0296896A1 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
JP (1) JPS6414831A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
FR (1) FR2616957A1 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0404172A3 (de) * 1989-06-23 1992-08-05 Moeller GmbH Hochleistungskontakt, insbesondere für Niederspannungsschaltgeräte

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IT1292453B1 (it) 1997-07-02 1999-02-08 Aeg Niederspannungstech Gmbh Gruppo rotante di contatti per interrutttori di alta portata
DE19819242B4 (de) 1998-04-29 2005-11-10 Ge Power Controls Polska Sp.Z.O.O. Thermomagnetischer Leistungsschalter
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Citations (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE264933C (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) * 1914-04-01
FR724813A (fr) * 1930-12-26 1932-05-03 Forges Ateliers Const Electr Perfectionnement aux disjoncteurs à bain d'huile à chambres dr rupture
FR726532A (fr) * 1931-01-22 1932-05-30 Alsthom Cgee Perfectionnements aux interrupteurs à huile spécialement applicables aux circuits électriques à haute tension
FR755883A (fr) * 1932-05-25 1933-12-01 Acec Chambre de rupture pour interrupteur électrique
US2100753A (en) * 1935-12-24 1937-11-30 Westinghouse Electric & Mfg Co Circuit interrupter
EP0087642A1 (de) * 1982-02-23 1983-09-07 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Leitungsschutzschalteranordnung, geeignet als Vorautomat
DE3422720A1 (de) * 1984-06-19 1985-12-19 Siemens AG, 1000 Berlin und 8000 München Strombegrenzender schalter

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB794204A (en) * 1955-04-26 1958-04-30 Vickers Electrical Co Ltd Improvements relating to electric circuit breakers
BR8503644A (pt) * 1985-08-01 1985-10-15 Lorenzetti Inebrase Sa Ferramenta portatil para abertura sob carga de circuitos eletricos

Patent Citations (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE264933C (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) * 1914-04-01
FR724813A (fr) * 1930-12-26 1932-05-03 Forges Ateliers Const Electr Perfectionnement aux disjoncteurs à bain d'huile à chambres dr rupture
FR726532A (fr) * 1931-01-22 1932-05-30 Alsthom Cgee Perfectionnements aux interrupteurs à huile spécialement applicables aux circuits électriques à haute tension
FR755883A (fr) * 1932-05-25 1933-12-01 Acec Chambre de rupture pour interrupteur électrique
US2100753A (en) * 1935-12-24 1937-11-30 Westinghouse Electric & Mfg Co Circuit interrupter
EP0087642A1 (de) * 1982-02-23 1983-09-07 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Leitungsschutzschalteranordnung, geeignet als Vorautomat
DE3422720A1 (de) * 1984-06-19 1985-12-19 Siemens AG, 1000 Berlin und 8000 München Strombegrenzender schalter

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0404172A3 (de) * 1989-06-23 1992-08-05 Moeller GmbH Hochleistungskontakt, insbesondere für Niederspannungsschaltgeräte

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
FR2616957B1 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) 1995-01-06
FR2616957A1 (fr) 1988-12-23
JPS6414831A (en) 1989-01-19
US4883931A (en) 1989-11-28

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