EP0296099A1 - Process for the quasi-isostatic pressing of precisely shaped explosive charges, apparatus therefor and application thereof - Google Patents

Process for the quasi-isostatic pressing of precisely shaped explosive charges, apparatus therefor and application thereof Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0296099A1
EP0296099A1 EP88810236A EP88810236A EP0296099A1 EP 0296099 A1 EP0296099 A1 EP 0296099A1 EP 88810236 A EP88810236 A EP 88810236A EP 88810236 A EP88810236 A EP 88810236A EP 0296099 A1 EP0296099 A1 EP 0296099A1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
pressure
mold
pressure chamber
explosive
filled
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EP88810236A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP0296099B1 (en
Inventor
Rudolf Kaeser
Jürg Meister
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Schweizerische Eidgenossenschaft
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Schweizerische Eidgenossenschaft
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Priority to AT88810236T priority Critical patent/ATE70041T1/en
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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C06—EXPLOSIVES; MATCHES
    • C06B—EXPLOSIVES OR THERMIC COMPOSITIONS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS EXPLOSIVES
    • C06B21/00—Apparatus or methods for working-up explosives, e.g. forming, cutting, drying
    • C06B21/0033—Shaping the mixture
    • C06B21/0041—Shaping the mixture by compression
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B30—PRESSES
    • B30B—PRESSES IN GENERAL
    • B30B11/00—Presses specially adapted for forming shaped articles from material in particulate or plastic state, e.g. briquetting presses, tabletting presses
    • B30B11/001—Presses specially adapted for forming shaped articles from material in particulate or plastic state, e.g. briquetting presses, tabletting presses using a flexible element, e.g. diaphragm, urged by fluid pressure; Isostatic presses

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a method for quasi-isostatic pressing of high-performance explosive devices of high dimensional accuracy and high homogeneity, the inside or outside shape being predetermined by a dimensionally stable body of high surface quality and being at least partially rotationally symmetrical and having a finite pitch relative to the axis of rotation. Furthermore, an apparatus and the application of the method are the subject of the invention.
  • Isostatic pressing is mainly used in metallurgy. Usually, metallic press molds are provided, which are pressurized with pressure oil or silicone grease via more or less complicated supply lines and tools. Isostatic hot and cold pressing are known. In the field of the manufacture of explosive devices, cold isostatic pressing was carried out. This was primarily used for the prefabrication and manufacture of precision primers for special weapon systems.
  • the pressures of 1000 to 5000 bar specified in claim 3 have proven to be advantageous for generating high-performance explosive charges.
  • the pressure must increase continuously so that there are no unacceptable friction inside the explosive body, with the risk of detonation. Pressure increases of 800 to 1200 bar per minute have proven successful, with the average value of 1000 bar in relation to the performance of the process being regarded as optimal.
  • the pressure relief should also not be abrupt.
  • a simply constructed device according to claim 6 has proven itself, the design of which ensures a high degree of operational reliability due to its simple geometric shapes.
  • the device according to claim 7 is particularly economical and can be implemented without special tool construction knowledge.
  • the device advantageously uses an elastic nozzle for filling the powdered explosive and for disconnecting the vacuum.
  • Fig. 1 denotes the inner and partial outer shape for producing an explosive body 2 which is characteristic of the subject matter of the invention.
  • the individual components of the mold 1, the parts 1a, 1b and 1d are rotationally symmetrical about the axis A and held together by a screw connection 1f.
  • the explosive 2 is limited by an elastic cover 3 made of synthetic rubber (neoprene).
  • This sleeve 3 is self-sealing at the largest edge areas 1 ', with the two largest diameters, and encloses the end faces of the inner / outer shape 1.
  • a loading opening 5 is through a conical Ver Conclusion 4, like the entire mold 6, with the pressure p prevailing in a pressure chamber 7.
  • the pressure chamber 7 consists essentially of a pressure tube 8, a rotary cylinder made of high-strength material, made of stainless steel, which is closed on its lower end face 9.
  • a threaded cover 10 is screwed with its external thread 13 into an internal thread 14 of the pressure pipe 8.
  • the interior of the pressure chamber 7 is thus closed in a liquid-tight and pressure-tight manner via a sealing flange 12.
  • a lever handle 11 on the threaded cover 10 is used for simple manipulation.
  • a drain 16 is also used centrally, which allows the liquid to be pumped out.
  • the entire arrangement is enclosed in its parts under pressure by an oversized protective tube 17.
  • An explosive body 2 is produced in the following way:
  • the inner / outer mold 1 is manufactured in a manner known per se, according to the inner and frontal form of the explosive charge to be achieved, from high-strength material, a stainless steel with a lapped and polished surface.
  • the cover 3 is now placed over this inside / outside shape.
  • the usual powdery explosive 2 is then poured in through the loading opening 5 (bore) provided in the inner / outer mold 1 at the end and somewhat pre-compressed by shaking.
  • the press mold 6 thus formed is now placed in a commercially available vacuum chamber and exposed to a vacuum of a few mbar for a few minutes.
  • the explosive is degassed and, on the other hand, the cavities within the mold 6 are evacuated.
  • the conical pin 4 is inserted into the loading opening 4 and then the At atmospheric pressure admitted and the loaded mold 6 removed.
  • the mold 6 is then placed in the interior of the pressure chamber 7, which is partially filled with water.
  • the threaded cover 10 is now screwed tightly into the pressure tube 8 by means of the lever handle 11 and a pressure line coming from a commercially available multi-stage high-pressure pump is placed on the supply line 15 and screwed.
  • the inside of the pressure chamber 7 is now completely filled with water via the feed line 15 and then continuously pressurized up to the pressure p, the pressure increase being approximately 1000 bar per minute and the pressure p reaching a maximum value of 3000 bar.
  • the pressure is returned to normal pressure in less than 100 seconds via an arrangement known per se consisting of a drain valve and bypass line.
  • the explosive body 2 is thus completely pressed, it can be removed in a simple manner from the mold 6, the screw connection 1f shown in FIG. 1 being loosened in the thread 1e and the components of the inner / outer mold 1, the parts 1a (core), 1d, 1b, also released and pushed apart or divided.
  • the exposed explosive body 2 can now be fed to a conventional mechanical post-processing in its outer shape. -
  • the inner shape and the two end faces are accurate to size and shape and do not require any further processing, but may be accessible for reworking.
  • the further mold 6, Fig. 2 in turn, has an inner shape 1b, 1b ', but with two symmetrical pins 1c. Furthermore, there are two outer shapes, a conical outer shape 1d and a cylindrical outer shape 1d 'provided. If a precisely defined amount of explosive 2 is poured into this press mold via the filler and evacuation nozzle 18, this results in a dimensionally accurate molded body since the pressurization p acts radially on the sleeve 3 made of elastomer to produce the isostatic effect. An upper and a lower screw clamp 19, a commercially available hose clamp, are used to fix the casing 3 and to seal.
  • the filler and evacuation nozzle which is also filled with elastomer, is glued to the shell 3 in one piece. After evacuation - as in the first example - the filler and evacuation nozzle is clamped vacuum-tight by a clamp. Commercially available clamps have also proven themselves for this.
  • the variant of a press mold Fig. 3 is again assembled from individual parts 1b and 1d.
  • the middle part 1b has a recess 1b ', which forms a web on the finished explosive charge 2.
  • reinforcement elements 31 to 36 are provided, as well as two edge area elements 37 and 38, which overall distribute the pressure acting on the casing 3 or ensure that it acts on the explosive 2 in the axial direction, as shown in FIG. 3.
  • the mold 6 in FIG. 4 has an inner / outer mold 1c which is essentially designed as a spherical segment. Again, an edge area element 38 is provided which on the one hand centers the shape 1c and on the other hand ensures secure attachment in the largest edge area 1 'of the inner / outer shape 1c. A screw clamp 19 is also attached here.
  • the exemplary embodiments discussed above show the universality of the subject matter of the invention. It allows, for example, the most precise possible implementation of calculated shaped charge shapes with a high armor-piercing effect. Ensure the use of conventional pressure generating means and the use of water as a pressure medium a high level of operational reliability and very efficient utilization of the equipment.
  • the device used to carry out the method according to the invention can be designed in many different ways; Reinforced plastics or laminates can be used instead of stainless steel for the pressure chamber.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Fluid Mechanics (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Press Drives And Press Lines (AREA)
  • Adornments (AREA)
  • Processing Of Terminals (AREA)
  • Feeding, Discharge, Calcimining, Fusing, And Gas-Generation Devices (AREA)
  • Auxiliary Devices For And Details Of Packaging Control (AREA)
  • Basic Packing Technique (AREA)

Abstract

A water-filled pressure chamber (7) loaded by conventional pumps at pressures of several thousand bars is used to isostatically press explosive charges. Inside this pressure chamber (7) is a compression mold (6) having an inner/outer mold (1) consisting of several components. Explosives in the mold are subjected through an elastic sleeve (3) to liquid pressure (p), so that the interior pressure in the chamber will be nearly isostatic. Following pressure relief, Dimensionally accurate and homogeneous precision explosive charges are obtained. The present invention also includes the process using the pressure chamber. The invention increases manufacturing output and quality of explosive charges so produced.

Description

Die vorliegende Erfindung bezieht sich auf ein Verfahren zum quasi isostatischen Pressen von Hochleistungs-Sprengkörpern hoher Massgenauigkeit und hoher Homogenität, wobei die Innen- oder Aussenform durch einen formfesten Körper hoher Oberflä­chengüte vorgegeben und zumindest partiell rotationssym­metrisch ist und der eine endliche Steigung relativ zur Rota­tionsachse aufweist. Im weiteren ist eine Vorrichtung und die Anwendung des Verfahrens Gegenstand der Erfindung.The present invention relates to a method for quasi-isostatic pressing of high-performance explosive devices of high dimensional accuracy and high homogeneity, the inside or outside shape being predetermined by a dimensionally stable body of high surface quality and being at least partially rotationally symmetrical and having a finite pitch relative to the axis of rotation. Furthermore, an apparatus and the application of the method are the subject of the invention.

Das isostatische Pressen findet vor allem in der Metallurgie Anwendung. Meinst sind metallische Pressformen vorgesehen, die über mehr oder weniger komplizierte Zuleitungen und Werkzeuge mit Drucköl oder Silikonfett beaufschlagt werden. Bekannt sind isostatisches Heiss- und Kaltpressen. Im Bereich der Herstellung von Sprengstoffkörpern wurde isostatisch kaltgepresst. Dies diente vor allem zur Vorfabrikation und Herstellung von Präzisionszündladungen für spezielle Waffen­systeme.Isostatic pressing is mainly used in metallurgy. Mostly, metallic press molds are provided, which are pressurized with pressure oil or silicone grease via more or less complicated supply lines and tools. Isostatic hot and cold pressing are known. In the field of the manufacture of explosive devices, cold isostatic pressing was carried out. This was primarily used for the prefabrication and manufacture of precision primers for special weapon systems.

Es ist Aufgabe der Erfindung, ein Verfahren und eine Vorrich­tung zu schaffen, welche die Herstellung von Präzisions­sprengladungen , vor allem in ihren kritischen Zonen, er­laubt. Es soll damit möglich sein, pyrotechnische Ladungen von an sich beliebiger Form, auch mit einer oder mehreren of­fenen Hohlräumen, mit hoher Homogenität und wenig inneren, als potentielle Störungsquelle wirkenden Spannungen herzu­stellen.It is an object of the invention to provide a method and a device which allows the production of precision explosive charges, especially in their critical zones. It should thus be possible to produce pyrotechnic charges of any shape per se, also with one or more open cavities, with high homogeneity and little internal voltages which act as a potential source of interference.

Dies wird dadurch erzielt, dass in einem ersten Verfahrens­schritt die Innen- oder Aussenform durch eine elastische Hülle abgegrenzt wird, diese formschlüssig zum grössten Rand­ bereich an der Innen- oder Aussenform angebracht und mecha­nisch angepresst wird, so dass eine beschickbare Pressform entsteht, dass in einem zweiten Verfahrensschritt der Hohl­raum der Pressform mit pulverförmigem Sprengstoff gefüllt wird und dass der Innenraum und der Sprengstoff sowie der Raum ausserhalb der Pressform evakuiert werden, dass in einem dritten Verfahrensschritt der Innenraum abgeschlossen und die gefüllte Pressform in eine flüssigkeitsgefüllte Druckkammer eingebracht werden und dass das Innere der Druckkammer mit einem Druck beaufschlagt wird, dass der Druck kontinuierlich erhöht wird bis zum Erreichen eines durch die zu erzielende Dichte und Festigkeit des Sprengstoffs vorgegebenen Werts und dass schliesslich durch eine kontinuierliche Druckentlastung die gefüllte Pressform auf den Normaldruck zurückgeführt und der Pressling zur mechanischen Endbearbeitung entnommen wird.This is achieved in that in a first process step the inner or outer shape is delimited by an elastic sleeve, which is form-fitting to the largest edge area is attached to the inner or outer mold and mechanically pressed, so that a press mold can be created, that in a second process step the cavity of the press mold is filled with powdered explosive and that the interior and the explosive as well as the space outside the press mold are evacuated, that the interior is completed in a third process step and the filled mold is placed in a liquid-filled pressure chamber and that the inside of the pressure chamber is pressurized, that the pressure is increased continuously until a predetermined by the density and strength of the explosive to be achieved Value and that, finally, through continuous pressure relief, the filled mold is returned to normal pressure and the compact is removed for mechanical finishing.

Die im Oberbegriff des Patentanspruchs 1 verwendete Formulie­rung "endliche Steigung relativ zur Rotationsachse" trägt dem Umstand Rechnung, dass die isostatische Wirkung des Pressens bei Sprengkörpern mit achsparallelen Innen- oder Aussenformen nicht gegeben ist und dass bei der Entspannung eines derarti­gen Presslings störende innere Spannungen entstehen würden.The wording used in the preamble of claim 1 "finite slope relative to the axis of rotation" takes into account the fact that the isostatic effect of pressing is not given for explosive devices with axially parallel internal or external shapes and that disruptive internal stresses would arise when such a compact was released .

Dies bedingt eine Gestaltung der Sprengladung derart, dass im kritischen Bereich die als Amboss wirkende Innen- oder Aus­senform keine senkrechten oder nahezu senkrecht zur Achse der Rotationssymmetrie verlaufende Flächen aufweist.This requires the explosive charge to be designed in such a way that in the critical area the inner or outer shape acting as an anvil has no surfaces that are perpendicular or almost perpendicular to the axis of rotational symmetry.

Damit werden störende Randeffekte (örtliche Störungen der Sprengstoffhomogenität), durch die elastische Entspannung des gepressten Sprengstoffs der Innen- oder Aussenfläche entlang oder gegen die den Pressdruck erzeugende Flüssigkeit hin, eliminiert. - Diese Forderung erlaubt dennoch die Herstellung moderner Präzisionssprengladungen, deren entscheidende Funk­tionsbereiche meist Kegelform, Glockenform oder Kugelform aufweisen. Die meist durch den Einbau der Sprengladung in den Munitionskörper bedingte äussere zylinderform lässt sich leicht durch mechanische Nachbearbeitung, beispielsweise durch Drehen, erzielen.This eliminates disturbing edge effects (local disturbances of the explosive homogeneity) by the elastic relaxation of the compressed explosive along the inside or outside surface or against the liquid generating the pressure. - This requirement nevertheless allows the production of modern precision explosive charges, the decisive functional areas of which mostly have a conical shape, bell shape or spherical shape. The outer cylindrical shape, which is usually caused by the installation of the explosive charge in the ammunition body, can be easily achieved by mechanical post-processing, for example by turning.

In nachfolgenden abhängigen Ansprüchen sind vorteilhafte wei­terbildungen des Erfindungsgegenstands beschrieben.Advantageous developments of the subject matter of the invention are described in the following dependent claims.

Bewährt hat sich, gemäss Anspruch 2, als Druckmedium Wasser, welches eine saubere, einfache und betriebssichere Beauf­schlagung der Pressform sichert.Has proven itself, according to claim 2, as a pressure medium water, which ensures a clean, simple and reliable loading of the press mold.

Vorteilhaft haben sich zur Erzeugung von Hochleistungsspreng­ladungen die in Anspruch 3 angegebenen Drucke von 1000 bis 5000 bar erwiesen.The pressures of 1000 to 5000 bar specified in claim 3 have proven to be advantageous for generating high-performance explosive charges.

Der Druckanstieg muss kontinuierlich erfolgen, damit im In­nern des Sprengstoffkörpers keine unzulässigen Reibungen, mit der Gefahr der Detonation, entstehen. Bewährt haben sich Druckanstiege von 800 bis 1200 bar pro Minute, wobei der Mit­telwert von 1000 bar in bezug auf die Leistung des Verfahrens als optimal zu betrachten ist.The pressure must increase continuously so that there are no unacceptable friction inside the explosive body, with the risk of detonation. Pressure increases of 800 to 1200 bar per minute have proven successful, with the average value of 1000 bar in relation to the performance of the process being regarded as optimal.

Ebenfalls soll aus den gleichen Gründen die Druckentlastung nicht schlagartig erfolgen. Die Rückführung des Druckmediums auf Atmosphärendruck, entsprechend Anspruch 5,innerhalb von 20 bis 100 Sekunden, vorzugsweise innerhalb von weniger als 60 Sekunden, erlaubt kurze Taktzeiten, ohne dass Ereignisse zu befürchten sind.For the same reasons, the pressure relief should also not be abrupt. The return of the pressure medium to atmospheric pressure, according to claim 5, within 20 to 100 seconds, preferably within less than 60 seconds, allows short cycle times without any events to be feared.

Bewährt hat sich eine einfach aufgebaute Vorrichtung gemäss Anspruch 6, deren Ausgestaltung durch ihre einfachen geom­metrischen Formen ein hohes Mass an Betriebssicherheit ge­währleistet.A simply constructed device according to claim 6 has proven itself, the design of which ensures a high degree of operational reliability due to its simple geometric shapes.

Die Vorrichtung nach Anspruch 7 ist besonders wirtschaftlich und lässt sich ohne besondere Werkzeugbaukenntnisse realisie­ren.The device according to claim 7 is particularly economical and can be implemented without special tool construction knowledge.

Bewährt hat sich eine einfache Schraubbride, gemäss Anspruch 8, wie sie im allgemeinen Rohrleitungsbau handelsüblich ver­wendet wird.A simple screw clamp has proven itself, as is commonly used in pipeline construction.

Die Vorrichtung verwendet vorteilhafterweise zum Einfüllen des pulverförmigen Sprengstoffs und zum Abklemmen des Vakuums einen elastischen Stutzen entsprechend Anspruch 9.The device advantageously uses an elastic nozzle for filling the powdered explosive and for disconnecting the vacuum.

In praxi hat sich das Verfahren ausgezeichnet bewährt zur Herstellung von Ladungen nach Anspruch 10, welche durch Ver­gleiche mit herkömmlich, beispielsweise durch Pressen, herge­stellten Ladungen eine Steigerung der panzerbrechenden Wir­kung ergeben.In practice, the method has proven itself excellently for the production of cargoes according to claim 10, which result in an increase in the armor-piercing effect through comparisons with cargos conventionally produced, for example by pressing.

Nachfolgend werden anhand von Zeichnungen Ausführungsbei­spiele der Erfindung näher erläutert. In sämtlichen Zeichnun­gen sind für gleiche Funktionsteile gleiche Bezugsziffern verwendet.Exemplary embodiments of the invention are explained in more detail below with reference to drawings. The same reference numbers are used in all drawings for the same functional parts.

Es zeigen:

  • Fig. 1 eine Druckkammer mit einer beispielsweisen schema­tisch dargestellten Pressform,
  • Fig. 2 eine realisierte Pressform, wie sie zur Herstellung einer Sprengkörper-Komponente für Panzerabwehrrake­ten verwendet wird,
  • Fig. 3 eine Pressform für eine Übertragungsladung einer konventionellen Hohlladung und
  • Fig. 4 eine weitere Pressform für Projektilladungen.
Show it:
  • 1 is a pressure chamber with an example of a schematically illustrated mold,
  • 2 shows a realized press mold as used to manufacture an explosive device component for anti-tank missiles,
  • Fig. 3 is a mold for a transfer charge of a conventional shaped charge and
  • Fig. 4 shows another mold for projectile loads.

In Fig. 1 ist mit 1 die Innen- und teilweise Aussenform zur Herstellung eines für den Erfindungsgegenstand charakteristi­schen Sprengstoffkörpers 2 bezeichnet. Die einzelnen Bestand­teile der Form 1, die Teile 1a, 1b und 1d sind rotationssym­metrisch um die Achse A ausgestaltet und durch eine Schraub­verbindung 1f zusammengehalten. Begrenzt ist der Sprengstoff 2 durch eine elastische Hülle 3 aus synthetischem Gummi (Neo­pren). Diese Hülle 3 liegt selbstdichtend an den grössten Randbereichen 1′, mit den beiden grössten Durchmessern, an und umschliesst die Stirnseiten der Innen/Aussenform 1. Eine Beschickungsöffnung 5 ist durch einen kegelförmigen Ver­ schluss 4, wie die gesamte Pressform 6, mit dem in einer Druckkammer 7 herrschenden Druck p beaufschlagt. Die Druck­kammer 7 besteht im wesentlichen aus einem Druckrohr 8, einem Rotationszylinder aus hochfestem Material, aus nichtrostendem Stahl, welches auf seiner unteren Stirnseite 9 verschlossen ist. Auf seiner gegenüberliegenden Seite ist ein Gewinde­deckel 10 mit seinem Aussengewinde 13 in ein Innengewinde 14 des Druckrohrs 8 eingeschraubt. Damit wird der Innenraum der Druckkammer 7 über einen Dichtflansch 12 flüssigkeits- und druckdicht verschlossen. Zur einfachen Manipulation dient ein Hebelgriff 11 am Gewindedeckel 10. Im Zentrum des Gewinde­deckels 10 ist eine Zuleitung 15 dicht eingesetzt, über wel­che Wasser als Druckmedium zugeführt wird. In der unteren Stirnseite 9 ist eine Ableitung 16 ebenfalls zentral einge­setzt, welche ein Abpumpen der Flüssigkeit erlaubt. Die ganze Anordnung ist in ihren druckbeanspruchten Teilen von einem überdimensionierten Schutzrohr 17 umschlossen.In Fig. 1, 1 denotes the inner and partial outer shape for producing an explosive body 2 which is characteristic of the subject matter of the invention. The individual components of the mold 1, the parts 1a, 1b and 1d are rotationally symmetrical about the axis A and held together by a screw connection 1f. The explosive 2 is limited by an elastic cover 3 made of synthetic rubber (neoprene). This sleeve 3 is self-sealing at the largest edge areas 1 ', with the two largest diameters, and encloses the end faces of the inner / outer shape 1. A loading opening 5 is through a conical Ver Conclusion 4, like the entire mold 6, with the pressure p prevailing in a pressure chamber 7. The pressure chamber 7 consists essentially of a pressure tube 8, a rotary cylinder made of high-strength material, made of stainless steel, which is closed on its lower end face 9. On its opposite side, a threaded cover 10 is screwed with its external thread 13 into an internal thread 14 of the pressure pipe 8. The interior of the pressure chamber 7 is thus closed in a liquid-tight and pressure-tight manner via a sealing flange 12. A lever handle 11 on the threaded cover 10 is used for simple manipulation. In the lower end face 9, a drain 16 is also used centrally, which allows the liquid to be pumped out. The entire arrangement is enclosed in its parts under pressure by an oversized protective tube 17.

Die Herstellung eines Sprengstoffkörpers 2 erfolgt in folgen­der Weise:An explosive body 2 is produced in the following way:

Die Innen/Aussenform 1 wird in an sich bekannter Weise, ent­sprechend der zu erzielenden innen- und stirnseitigen Form der Sprengladung aus hochfestem Material, einem nichtrosten­den Stahl mit geläppter und polierter Oberfläche massgenau hergestellt. Über diese Innen/Aussenform wird nun die Hülle 3 gestülpt. Anschliessend wird der übliche pulverförmige Sprengstoff 2 durch die in der Innen/Aussenform 1 stirnseitig vorgesehene Beschickungsöffnung 5 (Bohrung) eingefüllt und durch Schütteln etwas vorverdichtet.The inner / outer mold 1 is manufactured in a manner known per se, according to the inner and frontal form of the explosive charge to be achieved, from high-strength material, a stainless steel with a lapped and polished surface. The cover 3 is now placed over this inside / outside shape. The usual powdery explosive 2 is then poured in through the loading opening 5 (bore) provided in the inner / outer mold 1 at the end and somewhat pre-compressed by shaking.

Die so gebildete Pressform 6 wird nun in eine handelsübliche Vakuumkammer verbracht und hier einem Vakuum von wenigen mbar während einiger Minuten ausgesetzt. Damit wird einerseits der Sprengstoff entgast und andererseits werden die Hohlräume in­nerhalb der Pressform 6 evakuiert. Noch innerhalb der Vakuum­kammer wird der konische Zapfen 4 in die Beschickungsöffnung 4 eingesetzt und danach wird in die Vakuumkammer der At­ mosphärendruck eingelassen und die beschickte Pressform 6 entnommen.The press mold 6 thus formed is now placed in a commercially available vacuum chamber and exposed to a vacuum of a few mbar for a few minutes. On the one hand, the explosive is degassed and, on the other hand, the cavities within the mold 6 are evacuated. Even within the vacuum chamber, the conical pin 4 is inserted into the loading opening 4 and then the At atmospheric pressure admitted and the loaded mold 6 removed.

Anschliessend wird die Pressform 6 in das Innere der Druck­kammer 7 gestellt, welche teilweise mit Wasser gefüllt ist. Der Gewindedeckel 10 wird nun mittels des Hebelgriffs 11 dicht in das Druckrohr 8 eingeschraubt und eine von einer handelsüblichen mehrstufigen Hochdruckpumpe herkommende Druckleitung auf die Zuleitung 15 aufgesetzt und verschraubt. Über die Zuleitung 15 wird nun das Innere der Druckkammer 7 zuerst vollständig mit Wasser aufgefüllt und dann kontinuier­lich steigend bis zum Druck p beaufschlagt, wobei der Druck­anstieg zirka 1000 bar pro Minute beträgt und der Druck p einen Maximalwert von 3000 bar erreicht. Nach einer Verweil­zeit von einigen Sekunden (zirka 10 bis 40 Sekunden) wird der Druck über eine an sich bekannt Anordnung bestehend aus Ab­lassventil- und Bypassleitung in weniger als 100 Sekunden auf den Normaldruck zurückgeführt.The mold 6 is then placed in the interior of the pressure chamber 7, which is partially filled with water. The threaded cover 10 is now screwed tightly into the pressure tube 8 by means of the lever handle 11 and a pressure line coming from a commercially available multi-stage high-pressure pump is placed on the supply line 15 and screwed. The inside of the pressure chamber 7 is now completely filled with water via the feed line 15 and then continuously pressurized up to the pressure p, the pressure increase being approximately 1000 bar per minute and the pressure p reaching a maximum value of 3000 bar. After a dwell time of a few seconds (approximately 10 to 40 seconds), the pressure is returned to normal pressure in less than 100 seconds via an arrangement known per se consisting of a drain valve and bypass line.

Der Sprengstoffkörper 2 ist somit fertig gepresst, er kann in einfacher Weise der Pressform 6 entnommen werden, wobei die in Fig. 1 ersichtliche Schraubverbindung 1f, im Gewinde 1e gelöst wird und die Bestandteile der Innen/Aussenform 1, die Teile 1a (Kern), 1d, 1b, ebenfalls gelöst und auseinander ge­schoben bzw. geteilt werden. Der freigelegte Sprengstoff­körper 2 kann jetzt einer üblichen mechanischen Nachbearbei­tung in dessen Aussenform zugeführt werden. - Die Innenform und die beiden Stirnseiten sind mass- und formgenau und be­dürfen keiner weiteren Bearbeitung, sind aber ggf. einer Nachbearbeitung zugänglich.The explosive body 2 is thus completely pressed, it can be removed in a simple manner from the mold 6, the screw connection 1f shown in FIG. 1 being loosened in the thread 1e and the components of the inner / outer mold 1, the parts 1a (core), 1d, 1b, also released and pushed apart or divided. The exposed explosive body 2 can now be fed to a conventional mechanical post-processing in its outer shape. - The inner shape and the two end faces are accurate to size and shape and do not require any further processing, but may be accessible for reworking.

Zu den nachfolgenden Figuren sind Abweichungen in der Ausge­staltung der Pressform 6 dargestellt. Der prinzipielle Aufbau sowie die Verfahrensschritte sind analog zu Figur 1.Deviations from the design of the mold 6 are shown in relation to the following figures. The basic structure and the method steps are analogous to FIG. 1.

Die weitere Pressform 6, Fig. 2, weist wiederum eine Innen­form 1b, 1b′, jedoch mit zwei zueinander symmetrischen Zapfen 1c, auf. Im weiteren sind hier zwei Aussenformen, eine kegelförmige Aussenform 1d und eine zylindrische Aussenform 1d′, vorgesehen. Wird in diese Pressform eine genau defi­nierte Menge Sprengstoff 2 über den Einfüll- und Evakuier­stutzen 18 eingefüllt, so ergibt sich daraus ein massgenauer Formkörper, da die Druckbeaufschlagung p zur Erzeugung der isostatischen Wirkung radial auf die Hülle 3 aus Elastomer wirkt. Zur Fixierung der Hülle 3 und zum Abdichten dienen je eine obere und eine untere Schraubbride 19, eine handelsübli­che Schlauchbride.The further mold 6, Fig. 2, in turn, has an inner shape 1b, 1b ', but with two symmetrical pins 1c. Furthermore, there are two outer shapes, a conical outer shape 1d and a cylindrical outer shape 1d 'provided. If a precisely defined amount of explosive 2 is poured into this press mold via the filler and evacuation nozzle 18, this results in a dimensionally accurate molded body since the pressurization p acts radially on the sleeve 3 made of elastomer to produce the isostatic effect. An upper and a lower screw clamp 19, a commercially available hose clamp, are used to fix the casing 3 and to seal.

Der ebenfalls aus Elastomer gefüllte Einfüll- und Evakuier­stutzen ist mit der Hülle 3 einstückig verklebt. Nach dem Evakuieren - wie im ersten Beispiel - wird hier der Einfüll- und Evakuierstutzen durch eine Klemmbride vakuumdicht abge­klemmt. Auch hierfür haben sich handelsübliche Klemmen be­währt.The filler and evacuation nozzle, which is also filled with elastomer, is glued to the shell 3 in one piece. After evacuation - as in the first example - the filler and evacuation nozzle is clamped vacuum-tight by a clamp. Commercially available clamps have also proven themselves for this.

Die Variante einer Pressform Fig. 3 ist wiederum aus einzel­nen Teilen 1b und 1d zusammengefügt. Der mittlere Teil 1b weist eine Ausnehmung 1b′ auf, die an der fertigen Sprengla­dung 2 einen Steg bildet. Im weiteren sind Verstärkungsele­mente 31 bis 36 vorgesehen sowie zwei Randbereichselemente 37 und 38, welche insgesamt den auf die Hülle 3 einwirkenden Druck verteilen bzw. sicherstellen, dass dieser in axialer Richtung, wie in Fig. 3 eingezeichnet, auf den Sprengstoff 2 wirkt.The variant of a press mold Fig. 3 is again assembled from individual parts 1b and 1d. The middle part 1b has a recess 1b ', which forms a web on the finished explosive charge 2. Furthermore, reinforcement elements 31 to 36 are provided, as well as two edge area elements 37 and 38, which overall distribute the pressure acting on the casing 3 or ensure that it acts on the explosive 2 in the axial direction, as shown in FIG. 3.

Die Pressform 6 in Fig. 4 birgt eine im wesentlichen als Ku­gelsegment ausgebildete Innen/Aussenform 1c. Wiederum ist ein Randbereichselement 38 vorgesehen, welches einerseits die Form 1c zentriert und andererseits eine sichere Befestigung im grössten Randbereich 1′ der Innen/Aussenform 1c gewährlei­stet. Auch hier ist eine Schraubbride 19 angebracht.The mold 6 in FIG. 4 has an inner / outer mold 1c which is essentially designed as a spherical segment. Again, an edge area element 38 is provided which on the one hand centers the shape 1c and on the other hand ensures secure attachment in the largest edge area 1 'of the inner / outer shape 1c. A screw clamp 19 is also attached here.

Die vorstehend diskutierten Ausführungsbeispiele zeigen die Universalität des Erfindungsgegenstandes. Er erlaubt bei­spielsweise die möglichst präzise Realisierung von rechne­risch ermittelten Hohlladungsformen hoher panzerbrechender Wirkung. Die Verwendung herkömmlicher Druckerzeugungsmittel sowie der Einsatz von Wasser als Druckmedium gewährleisten eine hohe Betriebssicherheit und eine sehr leistungsfähige Ausnutzung der Betriebsmittel.The exemplary embodiments discussed above show the universality of the subject matter of the invention. It allows, for example, the most precise possible implementation of calculated shaped charge shapes with a high armor-piercing effect. Ensure the use of conventional pressure generating means and the use of water as a pressure medium a high level of operational reliability and very efficient utilization of the equipment.

Die zur Durchführung des erfindungsgemässen Verfahrens ver­wendete Vorrichtung kann in verschiedenster Weise ausgestal­tet werden; denkbar sind anstelle von nichtrostendem Stahl für die Druckkammer armierte Kunststoffe bzw. Laminate einzu­setzen.The device used to carry out the method according to the invention can be designed in many different ways; Reinforced plastics or laminates can be used instead of stainless steel for the pressure chamber.

Claims (10)

1. Verfahren zum quasi-isostatischen Pressen von Hochlei­stungs-Sprengkörpern hoher Massgenauigkeit und hoher Ho­mogenität, wobei die Innen- oder Aussenform (1) durch einen formfesten Körper hoher Oberflächengüte vorgegeben und zumindest partiell rotationssymmetrisch ist und der eine endliche Steigung relativ zur Rotationsachse (A) aufweist, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass in einem ersten Verfahrensschritt die Innen- oder Aussenform durch eine elastische Hülle (3) abgegrenzt wird, diese formschlüssig zum grössten Randbereich (1′) an der Innen- oder Aussen­form angebracht und mechanisch angepresst wird, so dass eine beschickbare Pressform (6) entsteht, dass in einem zweiten Verfahrensschritt der Hohlraum der Pressform mit pulverförmigem Sprengstoff (2) gefüllt wird und dass der Innenraum und der Sprengstoff (2) sowie der Raum ausser­halb der Pressform evakuiert werden, dass in einem drit­ten Verfahrensschritt der Innenraum abgeschlossen und die gefüllte Pressform (6) in eine flüssigkeitsgefüllte Druckkammer (7) eingebracht werden und dass das Innere der Druckkammer (7) mit einem Druck (p) beaufschlagt wird, dass der Druck (p) kontinuierlich erhöht wird bis zum Erreichen eines durch die zu erzielende Dichte und Festigkeit des Sprengstoffs vorgegebenen Werts und dass schliesslich durch eine kontinuierliche Druckentlastung die gefüllte Pressform (7) auf den Normaldruck zurückge­führt und der Pressling zur mechanischen Endbearbeitung entnommen wird.1. A method for the quasi-isostatic pressing of high-performance explosive devices of high dimensional accuracy and high homogeneity, the inside or outside shape (1) being predetermined by a dimensionally stable body of high surface quality and being at least partially rotationally symmetrical and having a finite slope relative to the axis of rotation (A) characterized in that in a first method step the inner or outer shape is delimited by an elastic sleeve (3), this is positively attached to the largest edge area (1 ′) on the inner or outer shape and is mechanically pressed so that a loadable Press mold (6) arises that in a second process step the cavity of the press mold is filled with powdered explosive (2) and that the interior and the explosives (2) and the space outside the press mold are evacuated so that the interior is completed in a third process step and the filled mold (6) in a liquid filled pressure chamber (7) and that the inside of the pressure chamber (7) is subjected to a pressure (p), that the pressure (p) is continuously increased until a value predetermined by the density and strength of the explosive to be achieved and that the filled press mold (7) is finally returned to normal pressure by means of continuous pressure relief and the compact is removed for mechanical finishing. 2. Verfahren nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass als Druckmedium Wasser in die Druckkammer eingeführt wird.2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that water is introduced into the pressure chamber as the pressure medium. 3. Verfahren nach Anspruch 1 oder 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass das Druckmedium mit einem Druck (p) von 1000 bis 5000 bar in die Druckkammer (7) eingeführt wird.3. The method according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the pressure medium with a pressure (p) of 1000 to 5000 bar is introduced into the pressure chamber (7). 4. Verfahren nach Anspruch 1 oder 3, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der Druckanstieg des Druckmediums innerhalb einer Minute um 800 bis 1200 bar steigend geführt wird.4. The method according to claim 1 or 3, characterized in that the pressure increase of the pressure medium is increased within a minute by 800 to 1200 bar. 5. Verfahren nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass das Druckmedium in der Druckkammer (7) innerhalb von 20 bis 100 Sekunden auf Normaldruck zurückgeführt wird.5. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that the pressure medium in the pressure chamber (7) is returned to normal pressure within 20 to 100 seconds. 6. Vorrichtung zur Durchführung des Verfahrens nach einem der vorangehenden Ansprüche 2 bis 5, dadurch gekennzeich­net, dass die Druckkammer (7) ein senkrecht angeordneter Rotationszylinder aus hochfestem Material ist, dessen un­tere Stirnseite (9) fest und dessen obere Seite mit einem Gewindedeckel (10) verschlossen ist und dass die Zulei­tung (15) für das Druckmedium im Zentrum des Gewinde­deckels (10) und die Ableitung (16) in der fest ver­schlossenen Seite (9) zentral eingeführt sind.6. Device for performing the method according to one of the preceding claims 2 to 5, characterized in that the pressure chamber (7) is a vertically arranged rotary cylinder made of high-strength material, the lower end face (9) is fixed and the upper side with a threaded cover (10 ) is closed and that the supply line (15) for the pressure medium in the center of the threaded cover (10) and the discharge line (16) in the firmly closed side (9) are introduced centrally. 7. Vorrichtung zur Durchführung des Verfahrens nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die elastische Hülle (13) ein rotationssymmetrischer Elastomer ist, dessen grösster Randbereich (1′) formschlüssig zur Innen- oder Aussenform (3) ausgebildet ist.7. The device for carrying out the method according to claim 1, characterized in that the elastic sleeve (13) is a rotationally symmetrical elastomer, the largest edge region (1 ') of which is designed in a form-fitting manner with respect to the inner or outer shape (3). 8. Vorrichtung zur Durchführung des Verfahrens nach Anspruch 7, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass eine Schraubbride (19) vorgesehen ist, welche den Elastomer mechanisch auf der Innen- oder Aussenform (1) in deren grössten Randbereich (1′) anpresst.8. The device for carrying out the method according to claim 7, characterized in that a screw clamp (19) is provided which presses the elastomer mechanically onto the inner or outer mold (1) in its largest edge region (1 '). 9.Vorrichtung zur Durchführung des Verfahrens nach Anspruch 7, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass an der elastischen Hülle (13) auf einer Endseite ein Einfüll- und Evakuierstutzen (18) vorgesehen ist.9. Device for carrying out the method according to claim 7, characterized in that a filler and evacuation nozzle (18) is provided on the elastic sleeve (13) on one end side. 10. Anwendung des Verfahrens nach Anspruch 1 zur Herstellung von Präzisionssprengladungen mit gerichteter Wirkung, wie Hohlladungen und Minen.10. Application of the method according to claim 1 for the production of precision explosive charges with a directed effect, such as shaped charges and mines.
EP88810236A 1987-06-17 1988-04-13 Process for the quasi-isostatic pressing of precisely shaped explosive charges, apparatus therefor and application thereof Expired - Lifetime EP0296099B1 (en)

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AT88810236T ATE70041T1 (en) 1987-06-17 1988-04-13 METHOD FOR THE QUASI-ISOSTATIC PRESSING OF PRECISION EXPLOSIVE CHARGES AND DEVICE FOR THEIR MANUFACTURE AND APPLICATION OF THE METHOD.

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CH2280/87A CH673704A5 (en) 1987-06-17 1987-06-17
CH2280/87 1987-06-17

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EP0296099B1 EP0296099B1 (en) 1991-12-04

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AT (1) ATE70041T1 (en)
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DE (1) DE3866602D1 (en)
ES (1) ES2028355T3 (en)
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EP0570032A2 (en) * 1992-03-18 1993-11-18 Schweizerische Eidgenossenschaft vertreten durch die SM Schweizerische Munitionsunternehmung der Gruppe für Rüstungsdienste Process and apparatus for quasi-isostatic pressing, especially of precisely shaped thermoplastic-bonded explosive charges
WO2003035580A3 (en) * 2001-10-24 2003-12-24 Bowas Ag Fuer Industrievertrie Manufacturing of solvent-free propelling charge powder
EP2332894A1 (en) * 2009-12-14 2011-06-15 Bowas AG für Industrieplanung Method and production of explosive materials
US8062563B2 (en) 2009-12-14 2011-11-22 Bowas AG für Industrieplanung Method of manufacturing explosives
CN104891189A (en) * 2015-06-15 2015-09-09 安徽向科化工有限公司 Explosion venting device of powder emulsion explosive matrix pump
CN108707054A (en) * 2018-05-10 2018-10-26 西安近代化学研究所 A kind of prefabricated density gradient explosive molding powder compacting tool set

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US5323681A (en) * 1993-09-22 1994-06-28 The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of The Army Shaping apparatus for an explosive charge
US5888559A (en) * 1997-09-15 1999-03-30 The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of The Army Press for compacting plastic explosive material
US9546856B1 (en) * 2014-09-22 2017-01-17 The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of The Army Press load process for warhead
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US11965720B2 (en) 2018-11-20 2024-04-23 Saab Bofors Dynamics Switzerland Ltd. Warhead with asymmetric initiation
US11209255B1 (en) 2019-09-10 2021-12-28 The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of The Army Press load process for warheads
CN116067246B (en) * 2023-02-23 2023-08-22 中国兵器装备集团自动化研究所有限公司 Precise explosive loading method and system for explosive logic network

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0570032A2 (en) * 1992-03-18 1993-11-18 Schweizerische Eidgenossenschaft vertreten durch die SM Schweizerische Munitionsunternehmung der Gruppe für Rüstungsdienste Process and apparatus for quasi-isostatic pressing, especially of precisely shaped thermoplastic-bonded explosive charges
EP0570032A3 (en) * 1992-03-18 1993-12-01 Schweizerische Eidgenossenschaft vertreten durch die SM Schweizerische Munitionsunternehmung der Gruppe für Rüstungsdienste Process and apparatus for quasi-isostatic pressing, especially of precisely shaped thermoplastic-bonded explosive charges
WO2003035580A3 (en) * 2001-10-24 2003-12-24 Bowas Ag Fuer Industrievertrie Manufacturing of solvent-free propelling charge powder
EP2332894A1 (en) * 2009-12-14 2011-06-15 Bowas AG für Industrieplanung Method and production of explosive materials
US8062563B2 (en) 2009-12-14 2011-11-22 Bowas AG für Industrieplanung Method of manufacturing explosives
CN104891189A (en) * 2015-06-15 2015-09-09 安徽向科化工有限公司 Explosion venting device of powder emulsion explosive matrix pump
CN104891189B (en) * 2015-06-15 2016-09-14 安徽向科化工有限公司 A kind of explosion venting device of powdery emulsifying explosive substrate pump
CN108707054A (en) * 2018-05-10 2018-10-26 西安近代化学研究所 A kind of prefabricated density gradient explosive molding powder compacting tool set
CN108707054B (en) * 2018-05-10 2020-07-17 西安近代化学研究所 Prefabricated density gradient explosive molding powder pressing mold

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CH673704A5 (en) 1990-03-30
SG13393G (en) 1993-04-16
US4920079A (en) 1990-04-24
NO882667L (en) 1988-12-19
EP0296099B1 (en) 1991-12-04
PT87744A (en) 1989-05-31
HK42493A (en) 1993-05-07
ES2028355T3 (en) 1992-07-01
PT87744B (en) 1993-09-30
DE3866602D1 (en) 1992-01-16
NO882667D0 (en) 1988-06-16
ATE70041T1 (en) 1991-12-15
NO166598B (en) 1991-05-06
NO166598C (en) 1991-08-14

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